SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1:2006
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz frequency range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)10) [11]. The application is also subject to the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR EC 2005/50/EC [12].
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. It covers integrated transceivers and separate transmit/receive modules. The present document covers only SRR equipment for road vehicles. The present standard complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [5] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [13].
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Naprave kratkega dosega – Cestna transportna in prometna telematika (RTTT) – Oprema za radar kratkega dosega, ki deluje v frekvenčnem območju 24 GHz – 1. del: Tehnične zahteve in merilne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2006
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP (50 ±
1DSUDYHNUDWNHJDGRVHJD±&HVWQDWUDQVSRUWQDLQSURPHWQDWHOHPDWLND 5777 ±
2SUHPD]DUDGDUNUDWNHJDGRVHJDNLGHOXMHYIUHNYHQþQHPREPRþMX*+]±
GHO 7HKQLþQH]DKWHYHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in
the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 288-1 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31B-003-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
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3 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.10
3.3 Abbreviations.10
4 Technical requirements specifications.11
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.11
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing .11
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.11
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment .11
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results .12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .12
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .12
5.2 External test power source.12
5.3 Normal test conditions.12
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12
5.3.2 Normal test power source .12
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.13
5.4 Extreme test conditions .13
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.13
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.13
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.13
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.13
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.13
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.13
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Test fixture.14
6.1.1 Requirements.14
6.1.2 Calibration.14
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables.16
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber.16
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .17
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz band.18
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies .18
7.1.1.1 Definition.18
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement.18
7.1.1.3 Limits.19
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) .19
7.1.2.1 Definition.19
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement.19
7.1.2.3 Limits.20
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) .21
7.1.3.1 Definition.21
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement.21
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions.21
7.1.3.4 Limits.22
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,050 GHz to 24,250 GHz band .22
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.).22
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4 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
7.1.4.1.1 Definition.22
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement.22
7.1.4.1.3 Limits.24
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies.24
7.1.4.2.1 Definition.24
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation.24
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation.25
7.1.4.2.4 Limit.26
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz range .26
7.1.5.1 Definition.26
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure.26
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz range.26
7.2 Radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions .27
7.2.1 Definition.27
7.2.2 Measuring receiver.27
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions.27
7.2.4 Limits.28
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.28
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions.28
8.1.1 Definition.28
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions .29
8.1.3 Limit.29
9 Measurement uncertainty.29
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .31
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.31
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .31
A.2.1 Substitution antenna.31
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber .31
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.31
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.33
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber.33
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods.34
B.1 Radiated measurements.34
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna.35
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier.35
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes.36
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM).36
C.1.1 Definition.36
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters .37
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency hopping).37
C.2.1 Definition.37
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters .38
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement .38
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation.38
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements.38
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying).39
C.3.1 Definition.39
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters .40
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems .41
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5 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p.43
E.1 Assumptions.43
E.2 Example.43
Annex F (informative): Bibliography.44
History .45
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6 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [8]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [8] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 28 April 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2007
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7 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz frequency
range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz
Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid,
precrash and other automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision ECC/DEC/(04)10 [11]. The application is also subject to the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR
EC 2005/50/EC [12].
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,625 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. It covers integrated transceivers and separate
transmit/receive modules.
The present document covers only SRR equipment for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC
Recommendation 1999/519/EC [5] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [13].
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[2] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[3] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
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8 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
[5] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to
electromagnetic fields 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[8] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[9] ETSI EN 302 288-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[10] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[11] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)".
(Amended 2005).
[12] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range radio spectrum band
for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community.
[13] CENELEC EN 50371: "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power electronic
and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic
fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
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9 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
duty cycle: the ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually and depending on how the device is
triggered will also depend on whether the duty cycle is fixed or random. The duty cycle is categorized in
4 different duty cycle classes.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
far field measurements: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordance with the current
recommended safety levels in Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [5]
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
peak envelope power: mean power (root mean square for sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna
during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal is spread throughout a larger
frequency range
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10 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ Wavelength
ac alternating current
B Bandwidth
B Frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E Field strength
E Reference field strength
o
f Carrier frequency
c
f Hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G Antenna gain
a
P Radiated power
rad
P Radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
P Signal generator power
s
R Distance
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
τ Pulse width
T Blank time period
blk
T Chip period
c
T Dwell time
dw
T Frame time
fr
T Pulse power duration
pw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
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11 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [8] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes , conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods
(clauses 7 and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a stand alone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
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12 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the
figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (table 7).
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15°C to +35°C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
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13 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.2.1 (2006-05)
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 24 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physically supported,
together with a wave guide horn antenna RX which is used to measure the transmitted energy, in a fixed physical
relationship to the EUT or calibration antenna TX (see figure 1). The test fixture shall be designed for use in an
anechoic environment and allow certain measurements to be performed in the far field, i.e. at a distance greater than
2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT.
The test fixture shall incorporate at least one 50 Ω RF connector, a device for electromagnetic coupling to the EUT and
a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT.
Its compactness shall enable the whole assembly to be accommodated within a test chamber, usually a climatic facility.
The circuitry associated with the RF coupling device shall not contain active or non-linear components.
Only after it has been verified that the test fixture does not affect performance of the EUT, the EUT can be confidently
tested.
At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output (see
also clause 7.1.2.2) Orientation of the horn antenna will take into account the polarization of the EUT.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.
The test fixture shall be provided by the provider together with a full description, which shall meet the approval of the
selected accredited test laboratory.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be measured and shall be approved by the accredited test
laboratory. It shall conform to the following basic parameters:
• the gain of the waveguide horn shall not exceed 20 dB;
• the physical distance between the front face of the EUT and the waveguide horn shall be between 50 cm and
1 m;
• the minimum distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna shall guarantee mutual far field
conditions (distance greater than 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT);
• the physical height between the centre of the EUT and the supporting structure of the test fixture shall be
between 50 cm and 60 cm;
NOTE: Information on uncertainty contributions, and verification procedures are detailed in clauses 5 and 6,
respectively, of TR 102 273-2 [4].
• the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at the waveguide flange at which measurements are made shall not
be
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