SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
(Main)Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear accelerator (IEC 62976:2017)
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear accelerator (IEC 62976:2017)
This document gives the rules of naming, technical requirements, test methods, inspection, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents for electron linear accelerator equipment for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).
This document applies to NDT electron linear accelerator equipment in the X-ray energy range of 1 MeV to 15 MeV, including the accelerator equipment for radiographic film,computed radiography with imaging plates, real-time imaging, digital detector array and industrial computerized tomography.
Industrielle Ausrüstung für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Elektronenlinearbeschleuniger (IEC 62976:2017)
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le secteur industriel - Accélérateur électronique linéaire (IEC 62976:2017)
This document gives the rules of naming, technical requirements, test methods, inspection, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents for electron linear accelerator equipment for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).
This document applies to NDT electron linear accelerator equipment in the X-ray energy range of 1 MeV to 15 MeV, including the accelerator equipment for radiographic film,computed radiography with imaging plates, real-time imaging, digital detector array and industrial computerized tomography.
Oprema za industrijsko neporušitveno preskušanje - Elektronski linearni pospeševalnik (IEC 62976:2017)
Ta dokument vsebuje pravila o poimenovanju, tehnične zahteve, preskusne metode, podatke o pregledu, označevanju, pakiranju, prevozu in skladiščenju ter spremne dokumente za elektronski linearni pospeševalnik, ki se uporablja za neporušitveno preskušanje (NDT).
Dokument se uporablja za elektronski linearni pospeševalnik za neporušitveno preskušanje v energijskem območju od 1 MeV do 15 MeV, vključno s pospeševalno opremo za radiografski film, računalniško radiografijo s slikovnimi ploščami, sprotno slikanje, digitalnimi detektorskimi nizi in industrijsko računalniško tomografijo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
01-september-2019
Oprema za industrijsko neporušitveno preskušanje - Elektronski linearni
pospeševalnik (IEC 62976:2017)
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear accelerator (IEC
62976:2017)
Industrielle Ausrüstung für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Elektronenlinearbeschleuniger
(IEC 62976:2017)
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le secteur industriel - Accélérateur
électronique linéaire (IEC 62976:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62976:2019
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
27.120.01 Jedrska energija na splošno Nuclear energy in general
SIST EN IEC 62976:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
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SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62976
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2019
ICS 27.120.01
English Version
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear
accelerator
(IEC 62976:2017)
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le Industrielle Ausrüstung für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung -
secteur industriel - Accélérateur électronique linéaire Elektronenlinearbeschleuniger
(IEC 62976:2017) (IEC 62976:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-05-22. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62976:2019 E
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SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
EN IEC 62976:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN IEC 62976:2019) consists of the text of IEC 62976:2017 prepared by IEC/TC 45
"Nuclear instrumentation".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2020-05-22
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-05-22
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62976:2017 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
2
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SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
EN IEC 62976:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 780 2015 Packaging – Distribution packaging – EN ISO 780 2015
Graphical symbols for handling and
storage of packages
ISO 19232-1 2013 Non-destructive testing – Image quality of EN ISO 19232-1 2013
radiographs – Part 1: Determination of the
image quality value using wire-type image
quality indicators
ISO/IEC Guide 37 2012 Instructions for use of products by - -
consumers
3
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SIST EN IEC 62976:2019
IEC 62976
®
Edition 1.0 2017-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment – Electron linear accelerator
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le secteur industriel –
Accélérateur électronique linéaire
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.120.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4128-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Equipment sets, names and work conditions . 8
4.1 Equipment sets . 8
4.2 Name convention . 8
4.3 Operating conditions . 9
4.3.1 Environmental requirement . 9
4.3.2 Power supply . 9
5 Technical requirements . 9
5.1 Appearance . 9
5.2 Control system . 9
5.2.1 Design principle . 9
5.2.2 Operation of start and stop . 9
5.2.3 Functions of control system . 9
5.3 Performance . 10
5.3.1 X-ray beam energy . 10
5.3.2 X-ray homogeneity . 10
5.3.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate . 10
5.3.4 X-ray beam focal spot . 11
5.3.5 X-ray beam asymmetry . 11
5.3.6 X-ray sensitivity . 11
5.3.7 Dose leakage . 12
5.4 Electrical safety . 12
5.4.1 Protective grounding . 12
5.4.2 Insulation resistance . 12
5.4.3 Dielectric strength . 12
5.4.4 Protection against electric shock . 12
5.5 Reliability . 12
5.5.1 Continuous operation . 12
5.5.2 Recovery . 12
5.5.3 Restart . 12
6 Test methods . 12
6.1 General requirements . 12
6.1.1 Testing conditions . 12
6.1.2 Instruments and devices . 13
6.2 Visual inspection . 14
6.3 Control system test . 14
6.4 Performance test . 14
6.4.1 X-ray beam energy . 14
6.4.2 X-ray homogeneity . 15
6.4.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate . 16
6.4.4 X-ray beam focal spot . 16
6.4.5 X-ray beam asymmetry . 18
6.4.6 X-ray sensitivity . 18
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IEC 62976:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
6.4.7 Leakage dose rate . 18
6.5 Electrical safety testing . 19
6.5.1 Protective grounding . 19
6.5.2 Insulation resistance . 19
6.5.3 Dielectric strength . 19
6.5.4 Protection against electric shock . 19
6.6 Reliability test . 19
6.6.1 Continuous operation . 19
6.6.2 Recovery . 19
6.6.3 Restart . 19
7 Inspection rules . 20
7.1 Inspection classification . 20
7.2 Inspection items . 20
7.3 Criterion rule . 20
8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents . 20
8.1 Marking . 20
8.1.1 Accelerator signs . 20
8.1.2 Component nameplates . 21
8.1.3 Labels . 21
8.1.4 Warning signs . 21
8.2 Packaging . 21
8.3 Transportation . 21
8.4 Storage . 21
8.5 Accompanying documents . 22
8.5.1 Instructions . 22
8.5.2 Product certification . 22
8.5.3 Other documents . 22
Figure 1 – Naming convention . 8
Figure 2 – Sketch map of the test module . 13
Figure 3 – Sketch map of the copper block with a swivelling edge. 14
Figure 4 – Schematic diagram of X ray beam radial uniformity measurement . 15
Figure 5 – Schematic diagram of the testing module in front of the detector . 16
Figure 6 – Schematic diagram of the “Sandwich” test module placement . 17
Figure 7 – Schematic diagram of the copper block test module placement . 17
Figure 8 – Diagram of leakage dose measurement points . 19
Table 1 – Specifications of several commonly used accelerator models . 9
Table 2 – Half value layer of materials corresponding to commonly used X-ray beam
energies. 10
Table 3 – X-ray homogeneity of commonly used X-ray beam energies . 10
Table 4 – X-ray beam air kerma rate of different models . 11
Table 5 – Detection range of equivalent steel thickness corresponding to commonly
used X-ray beam energies . 11
Table 6 – Testing conditions . 13
Table 7 – Inspection items of the accelerator . 20
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT –
ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62976 has been prepared by technical committee 45: Nuclear
instrumentation.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45/821/FDIS 45/824/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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IEC 62976:2017 © IEC 2017 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INDUSTRIAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT –
ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR
1 Scope
This document gives the rules of naming, technical requirements, test methods, inspection,
marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents for electron linear
accelerator equipment for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).
This document applies to NDT electron linear accelerator equipment in the X-ray energy
range of 1 MeV to 15 MeV, including the accelerator equipment for radiographic film,
computed radiography with imaging plates, real-time imaging, digital detector array and
industrial computerized tomography.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 37:2012, Instructions for use of products by consumers
ISO 780:2015, Packaging – Distribution packaging – Graphical symbols for handling and
storage of packages
ISO 19232-1:2013, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 1:
Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
target
area on the surface of accelerating tube outlet on which the electron beam impinges and from
which the primary beam of X-rays is emitted
3.2
linear electron accelerator
LINAC
apparatus for producing high energy electrons by accelerating them along a waveguide. The
electrons strike a target to produce X-rays
Note 1 to entry: NDT electron linear accelerator, hereinafter referred to as the accelerator.
[SOURCE: ISO 5576:1997, 2.84]
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IEC 62976:2017 © IEC 2017 – 7 –
3.3
X-rays
penetrating electromagnetic radiation, within the approximate wavelength range of 1 nm to
0,0001 nm, produced when high velocity electrons impinge on a metal target
[SOURCE: ISO 5576:1997, 2.129]
3.4
X-ray beam energy
E
maximum X-ray energy in the continuous emission spectrum, equal to the product of the
electron charge and the accelerating voltage
Note 1 to entry: E is expressed in megaelectronvolts (MeV).
3.5
wedge X-ray field
X-radiation field with a dose distribution that changes approximately linearly with distance
from the beam edge along a line perpendicular to and passing through the radiation beam
axis
[SOURCE: IEC 60976, 2007, 3.32]
3.6
half-value layer
thickness of a specified material, which attenuates under narrow beam conditions X- radiation
with a particular spectrum to an extent such that the air kerma rate, exposure rate or
absorbed dose rate is reduced to one half of the value that is measured without the material.
The half-value layer (HVL) is expressed in suitable submultiples of the metre together with the
material
[SOURCE: IEC 60601-1-3, 2008, 3.27]
3.7
X-ray beam focal spot
d
dimension across the focal spot of an accelerating tube, measured perpendicular to the
central beam axis
Note 1 to entry: d is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.8
X-ray beam homogeneity
ratio, expressed as a percent, of the dose rate in a plane 1 m from the target and normal to
the beam central axis, and acquired at a specified angle from the central axis, to the dose
rate in the plane and on the beam axis
3.9
X-ray beam air kerma rate
K
volume of ionization caused by the x-ray beam in air per unit time at 1 m away from target
Note 1 to entry: K is expressed in centigrays per minute (cGy/min).
3.10
X-ray beam asymmetry
ratio of the difference to the average values of the dose rates measured at equal distances
from the central beam axis and in a vertical plane normal to the x-ray beam
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Note 1 to entry: This ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.11
X-ray sensitivity
ratio of the minimum defect size that can be observed in the detector to the thickness of the
penetrated material
Note 1 to entry: This ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.12
X-ray head
part of an X-ray installation that contains the accelerating tube and its shield
4 Equipment sets, names and work conditions
4.1 Equipment sets
Generally, the equipment consists of the following components:
a) X-ray head,
b) modulator,
c) temperature control unit (TCU),
d) control system,
e) power distribution cabinet,
f) safety interlock system,
g) interconnecting cables (X-ray head to modulator, modulator to console) and hoses (TCU to
X-ray head).
4.2 Name convention
The naming rules of the equipment are shown in Figure 1.
XX XX XXX
- /
Maximum X-ray dose-rate, cGy/min
X-ray energy, MeV
Model
IEC
Figure 1 – Naming convention
The specifications of several commonly used accelerator models are shown in Table 1.
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IEC 62976:2017 © IEC 2017 – 9 –
Table 1 – Specifications of several
commonly used accelerator models
Specification
Model No. X-ray beam energy Maximum X-ray dose rate
MeV cGy/min
XX-2/200 2 200
XX-4/500 4 500
XX-6/1000 6 1 000
XX-9/3000 9 3 000
XX-12/5000 12 5 000
XX-15/12000 15 12 000
4.3 Operating conditions
4.3.1 Environmental requirement
• environment temperature: (5 to 40) °C;
• relative humidity: ≤90 %.
4.3.2 Power supply
• voltage: 380 V ±10 % three-phase four-wire AC system;
• frequency: 50 Hz ±2 % / 60 Hz ±2 %;
• power supply: it is put forward in the product manual according to the accelerator model;
• grounding resistance: special grounding resistance of modulator is less than 4 Ω.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Appearance
The surface shall be smooth, uniform color, no obvious scratches, bumps or holes.
5.2 Control system
5.2.1 Design principle
The design of the control system shall ensure the safety of the operator, the device and the
delivered dose.
5.2.2 Operation of start and stop
Operation of X-ray source start and stop shall be executed in the control console.
5.2.3 Functions of control system
The basic functions of the control system shall include:
• normal start-up and shut-down,
• display of the status of normal, fault, alarm and auto-stop,
• display of the main operational parameters,
• safety interlock,
• emergency stop.
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5.3 Performance
5.3.1 X-ray beam energy
Commonly used X-ray beam energies of accelerators are shown in Table 2 and the
corresponding half value layer should not be less than the value in Table 2.
Table 2 – Half value layer of materials corresponding
to commonly used X-ray beam energies
X-ray beam energy Steel Plexiglas
3 3 3 3
(Material density: 7,8 × 10 kg/m ) (Material density:1,7 × 10 kg/m )
MeV mm mm
1 16 ± 0,5 61 ± 2
2 20 ± 0,5 84 ± 2
4 25 ± 0,5 116 ± 2
6 28 ± 0,5 138 ± 2
9 30 ± 0,5 149 ± 2
12 32 ± 0,5 178 ± 2
15 33 ± 0,5 204 ± 2
5.3.2 X-ray homogeneity
X-ray homogeneity shall not be less than the value in Table 3 by using a beam flattening filter.
Table 3 – X-ray homogeneity of commonly used X-ray beam energies
Subtended angle A between beam central axis and axis connecting the
X-ray beam X-ray
centre of focal spot with the point of measurement located on the
energy homogeneity
circumference
MeV (°) %
1 7,5 80
2 7,5 78
4 7,5 75
6 7,5 62
9 7,5 55
12 6,0 50
15 6,0 45
5.3.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate
X-ray beam air kerma rate shall achieve the value shown in Table 4 (can be reduced based
on purpose).
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Table 4 – X-ray beam air kerma rate of different models
X-ray
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 62976:2019
01-marec-2019
Oprema za industrijsko neporušitveno preskušanje - Elektronski linearni
pospeševalnik (IEC 62976:2017)
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear accelerator (IEC
62976:2017)
Industrielle Ausrüstung für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Elektronenlinearbeschleuniger
(IEC 62976:2017)
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le secteur industriel - Accélérateur
électronique linéaire (IEC 62976:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 62976
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
27.120.01 Jedrska energija na splošno Nuclear energy in general
oSIST prEN 62976:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 62976:2019
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oSIST prEN 62976:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN 62976
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2019
ICS 27.120.01
English Version
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment - Electron linear
accelerator
(IEC 62976:2017)
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le Industrielle Ausrüstung für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung -
secteur industriel - Accélérateur électronique linéaire Elektronenlinearbeschleuniger
(IEC 62976:2017) (IEC 62976:2017)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CENELEC members for enquiry.
Deadline for CENELEC: 2019-04-12.
The text of this draft consists of the text of IEC 62976:2017.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to
the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Project: 67411 Ref. No. prEN 62976 E
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oSIST prEN 62976:2019
prEN 62976:2019 (E)
1
2 European foreword
3 This document (prEN 62976:2019) consists of the text of IEC 62976:2017 prepared by
4 IEC/TC 45 "Nuclear instrumentation".
5
6 This document is currently submitted to the Enquiry.
7 The following dates are proposed:
• latest date by which the existence of (doa) dor + 6 months
this document has to be announced at
national level
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) dor + 12 months
implemented at national level by publication
of an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) dor + 36 months
conflicting with this document have to be (to be confirmed or
withdrawn modified when voting)
8
9
2
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oSIST prEN 62976:2019
prEN 62976:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 780 2015 Packaging - Distribution packaging - EN ISO 780 2015
Graphical symbols for handling and
storage of packages
ISO 19232-1 2013 Non-destructive testing - Image quality of EN ISO 19232-1 2013
radiographs - Part 1: Determination of the
image quality value using wire-type image
quality indicators
ISO/IEC Guide 37 2012 Instructions for use of products by - -
consumers
10
3
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oSIST prEN 62976:2019
IEC 62976
®
Edition 1.0 2017-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Industrial non-destructive testing equipment – Electron linear accelerator
Appareils destinés aux essais non destructifs pour le secteur industriel –
Accélérateur électronique linéaire
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.120.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4128-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Equipment sets, names and work conditions . 8
4.1 Equipment sets . 8
4.2 Name convention . 8
4.3 Operating conditions . 9
4.3.1 Environmental requirement . 9
4.3.2 Power supply . 9
5 Technical requirements . 9
5.1 Appearance . 9
5.2 Control system . 9
5.2.1 Design principle . 9
5.2.2 Operation of start and stop . 9
5.2.3 Functions of control system . 9
5.3 Performance . 10
5.3.1 X-ray beam energy . 10
5.3.2 X-ray homogeneity . 10
5.3.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate . 10
5.3.4 X-ray beam focal spot . 11
5.3.5 X-ray beam asymmetry . 11
5.3.6 X-ray sensitivity . 11
5.3.7 Dose leakage . 12
5.4 Electrical safety . 12
5.4.1 Protective grounding . 12
5.4.2 Insulation resistance . 12
5.4.3 Dielectric strength . 12
5.4.4 Protection against electric shock . 12
5.5 Reliability . 12
5.5.1 Continuous operation . 12
5.5.2 Recovery . 12
5.5.3 Restart . 12
6 Test methods . 12
6.1 General requirements . 12
6.1.1 Testing conditions . 12
6.1.2 Instruments and devices . 13
6.2 Visual inspection . 14
6.3 Control system test . 14
6.4 Performance test . 14
6.4.1 X-ray beam energy . 14
6.4.2 X-ray homogeneity . 15
6.4.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate . 16
6.4.4 X-ray beam focal spot . 16
6.4.5 X-ray beam asymmetry . 18
6.4.6 X-ray sensitivity . 18
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6.4.7 Leakage dose rate . 18
6.5 Electrical safety testing . 19
6.5.1 Protective grounding . 19
6.5.2 Insulation resistance . 19
6.5.3 Dielectric strength . 19
6.5.4 Protection against electric shock . 19
6.6 Reliability test . 19
6.6.1 Continuous operation . 19
6.6.2 Recovery . 19
6.6.3 Restart . 19
7 Inspection rules . 20
7.1 Inspection classification . 20
7.2 Inspection items . 20
7.3 Criterion rule . 20
8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents . 20
8.1 Marking . 20
8.1.1 Accelerator signs . 20
8.1.2 Component nameplates . 21
8.1.3 Labels . 21
8.1.4 Warning signs . 21
8.2 Packaging . 21
8.3 Transportation . 21
8.4 Storage . 21
8.5 Accompanying documents . 22
8.5.1 Instructions . 22
8.5.2 Product certification . 22
8.5.3 Other documents . 22
Figure 1 – Naming convention . 8
Figure 2 – Sketch map of the test module . 13
Figure 3 – Sketch map of the copper block with a swivelling edge. 14
Figure 4 – Schematic diagram of X ray beam radial uniformity measurement . 15
Figure 5 – Schematic diagram of the testing module in front of the detector . 16
Figure 6 – Schematic diagram of the “Sandwich” test module placement . 17
Figure 7 – Schematic diagram of the copper block test module placement . 17
Figure 8 – Diagram of leakage dose measurement points . 19
Table 1 – Specifications of several commonly used accelerator models . 9
Table 2 – Half value layer of materials corresponding to commonly used X-ray beam
energies. 10
Table 3 – X-ray homogeneity of commonly used X-ray beam energies . 10
Table 4 – X-ray beam air kerma rate of different models . 11
Table 5 – Detection range of equivalent steel thickness corresponding to commonly
used X-ray beam energies . 11
Table 6 – Testing conditions . 13
Table 7 – Inspection items of the accelerator . 20
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT –
ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62976 has been prepared by technical committee 45: Nuclear
instrumentation.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45/821/FDIS 45/824/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INDUSTRIAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING EQUIPMENT –
ELECTRON LINEAR ACCELERATOR
1 Scope
This document gives the rules of naming, technical requirements, test methods, inspection,
marking, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents for electron linear
accelerator equipment for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).
This document applies to NDT electron linear accelerator equipment in the X-ray energy
range of 1 MeV to 15 MeV, including the accelerator equipment for radiographic film,
computed radiography with imaging plates, real-time imaging, digital detector array and
industrial computerized tomography.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 37:2012, Instructions for use of products by consumers
ISO 780:2015, Packaging – Distribution packaging – Graphical symbols for handling and
storage of packages
ISO 19232-1:2013, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 1:
Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
target
area on the surface of accelerating tube outlet on which the electron beam impinges and from
which the primary beam of X-rays is emitted
3.2
linear electron accelerator
LINAC
apparatus for producing high energy electrons by accelerating them along a waveguide. The
electrons strike a target to produce X-rays
Note 1 to entry: NDT electron linear accelerator, hereinafter referred to as the accelerator.
[SOURCE: ISO 5576:1997, 2.84]
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3.3
X-rays
penetrating electromagnetic radiation, within the approximate wavelength range of 1 nm to
0,0001 nm, produced when high velocity electrons impinge on a metal target
[SOURCE: ISO 5576:1997, 2.129]
3.4
X-ray beam energy
E
maximum X-ray energy in the continuous emission spectrum, equal to the product of the
electron charge and the accelerating voltage
Note 1 to entry: E is expressed in megaelectronvolts (MeV).
3.5
wedge X-ray field
X-radiation field with a dose distribution that changes approximately linearly with distance
from the beam edge along a line perpendicular to and passing through the radiation beam
axis
[SOURCE: IEC 60976, 2007, 3.32]
3.6
half-value layer
thickness of a specified material, which attenuates under narrow beam conditions X- radiation
with a particular spectrum to an extent such that the air kerma rate, exposure rate or
absorbed dose rate is reduced to one half of the value that is measured without the material.
The half-value layer (HVL) is expressed in suitable submultiples of the metre together with the
material
[SOURCE: IEC 60601-1-3, 2008, 3.27]
3.7
X-ray beam focal spot
d
dimension across the focal spot of an accelerating tube, measured perpendicular to the
central beam axis
Note 1 to entry: d is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.8
X-ray beam homogeneity
ratio, expressed as a percent, of the dose rate in a plane 1 m from the target and normal to
the beam central axis, and acquired at a specified angle from the central axis, to the dose
rate in the plane and on the beam axis
3.9
X-ray beam air kerma rate
K
volume of ionization caused by the x-ray beam in air per unit time at 1 m away from target
Note 1 to entry: K is expressed in centigrays per minute (cGy/min).
3.10
X-ray beam asymmetry
ratio of the difference to the average values of the dose rates measured at equal distances
from the central beam axis and in a vertical plane normal to the x-ray beam
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Note 1 to entry: This ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.11
X-ray sensitivity
ratio of the minimum defect size that can be observed in the detector to the thickness of the
penetrated material
Note 1 to entry: This ratio is expressed as a percentage.
3.12
X-ray head
part of an X-ray installation that contains the accelerating tube and its shield
4 Equipment sets, names and work conditions
4.1 Equipment sets
Generally, the equipment consists of the following components:
a) X-ray head,
b) modulator,
c) temperature control unit (TCU),
d) control system,
e) power distribution cabinet,
f) safety interlock system,
g) interconnecting cables (X-ray head to modulator, modulator to console) and hoses (TCU to
X-ray head).
4.2 Name convention
The naming rules of the equipment are shown in Figure 1.
XX XX XXX
- /
Maximum X-ray dose-rate, cGy/min
X-ray energy, MeV
Model
IEC
Figure 1 – Naming convention
The specifications of several commonly used accelerator models are shown in Table 1.
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Table 1 – Specifications of several
commonly used accelerator models
Specification
Model No. X-ray beam energy Maximum X-ray dose rate
MeV cGy/min
XX-2/200 2 200
XX-4/500 4 500
XX-6/1000 6 1 000
XX-9/3000 9 3 000
XX-12/5000 12 5 000
XX-15/12000 15 12 000
4.3 Operating conditions
4.3.1 Environmental requirement
• environment temperature: (5 to 40) °C;
• relative humidity: ≤90 %.
4.3.2 Power supply
• voltage: 380 V ±10 % three-phase four-wire AC system;
• frequency: 50 Hz ±2 % / 60 Hz ±2 %;
• power supply: it is put forward in the product manual according to the accelerator model;
• grounding resistance: special grounding resistance of modulator is less than 4 Ω.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Appearance
The surface shall be smooth, uniform color, no obvious scratches, bumps or holes.
5.2 Control system
5.2.1 Design principle
The design of the control system shall ensure the safety of the operator, the device and the
delivered dose.
5.2.2 Operation of start and stop
Operation of X-ray source start and stop shall be executed in the control console.
5.2.3 Functions of control system
The basic functions of the control system shall include:
• normal start-up and shut-down,
• display of the status of normal, fault, alarm and auto-stop,
• display of the main operational parameters,
• safety interlock,
• emergency stop.
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5.3 Performance
5.3.1 X-ray beam energy
Commonly used X-ray beam energies of accelerators are shown in Table 2 and the
corresponding half value layer should not be less than the value in Table 2.
Table 2 – Half value layer of materials corresponding
to commonly used X-ray beam energies
X-ray beam energy Steel Plexiglas
3 3 3 3
(Material density: 7,8 × 10 kg/m ) (Material density:1,7 × 10 kg/m )
MeV mm mm
1 16 ± 0,5 61 ± 2
2 20 ± 0,5 84 ± 2
4 25 ± 0,5 116 ± 2
6 28 ± 0,5 138 ± 2
9 30 ± 0,5 149 ± 2
12 32 ± 0,5 178 ± 2
15 33 ± 0,5 204 ± 2
5.3.2 X-ray homogeneity
X-ray homogeneity shall not be less than the value in Table 3 by using a beam flattening filter.
Table 3 – X-ray homogeneity of commonly used X-ray beam energies
Subtended angle A between beam central axis and axis connecting the
X-ray beam X-ray
centre of focal spot with the point of measurement located on the
energy homogeneity
circumference
MeV (°) %
1 7,5 80
2 7,5 78
4 7,5 75
6 7,5 62
9 7,5 55
12 6,0 50
15 6,0 45
5.3.3 X-ray beam air kerma rate
X-ray beam air kerma rate shall achieve th
...
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