SIST EN 62155:2004
(Main)Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V
Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V
Applicable to ceramic and glass hollow insulators intended for general use in electrical equipment and ceramic hollow insulators intended for use with a permanent gas pressure in switchgear and controlgear. These insulators are intended for indoor and outdoor use in electrical equipment, operating on alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct-current equipment with a rated voltage of greater than 1 500 V.
Druckbeanspruchte und drucklose Hohlisolatoren aus keramischem Werkstoff und Glas für Anwendungen in elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Nennspannungen über 1 000 V
Isolateurs creux avec ou sans pression interne, en matière céramique ou en verre, pour utilisation dans des appareillages prévus pour des tensions nominales supérieures à 1 000 V
S'applique aux isolateurs creux en céramique et en verre destinés à un usage général dans l'appareillage électrique et aux isolateurs creux en céramique utilisés sous pression permanente de gaz pour les disjoncteurs ou transformateurs de mesure. Ces isolateurs sont destinés à être utilisés à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur pour des appareils électriques fonctionnant en courant alternatif avec une tension nominale supérieure à 1 000 V et une fréquence de 100 Hz au maximum, ou dans des appareils à courant continu avec une tension nominale supérieure à 1 500 V.
Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1000 V (IEC 62155:2003, modified)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 62155:2004
STANDARD
september 2004
Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in
electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1000 V (IEC 62155:2003,
modified)
ICS 29.080.10 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 62155:2004(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
62155
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2003-05
Isolateurs creux avec ou sans pression interne,
en matière céramique ou en verre, pour utilisation
dans des appareillages prévus pour des tensions
nominales supérieures à 1 000 V
Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic
and glass insulators for use in electrical
equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope and object . 9
1.1 General . 9
1.2 Hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for general use . 9
1.3 Ceramic hollow insulators intended for use with permanent gas pressure .11
2 Normative references.11
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Insulating materials.19
5 General recommendations for design.19
5.1 General recommendations for design of hollow insulators and hollow insulator
bodies intended for general use.19
5.2 Design rules for hollow insulators and hollow insulator bodies for use with
permanent gas pressure .19
6 Classification of the tests, sampling rules and procedures .25
6.1 Classification of the tests.25
6.2 Relevant tests for type, sample and routine tests.27
6.3 Hollow insulator or hollow insulator body selection .29
6.4 Retest procedure for sample tests .31
6.5 Quality assurance.31
7 General test procedures and requirements .33
7.1 Verification of the dimensions and roughness of ground surfaces .33
7.2 Mechanical failing load tests.43
7.3 Temperature cycle test .49
7.4 Porosity test .53
7.5 Galvanizing test.55
8 Type tests.57
8.1 Tests .57
8.2 Pressure test .59
8.3 Bending test .59
9 Sample tests.61
9.1 Tests for hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for general use .61
9.2 Tests for ceramic hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for use
with permanent gas pressure.61
10 Routine tests .61
10.1 Tests for hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for general use .61
10.2 Tests for ceramic hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for use
with permanent gas pressure.63
10.3 Routine visual inspection .63
10.4 Electrical routine test .65
10.5 Routine mechanical tests for hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies
intended for general use .67
10.6 Routine mechanical tests for ceramic hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies
intended for use with permanent gas pressure.69
10.7 Routine thermal shock test .71
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 5 –
11 Documentation.71
11.1 Marking .71
11.2 Records.71
Annex A (informative) Methods of testing for tolerances of parallelism, coaxiality,
eccentricity, angular deviation, camber and shed angle of hollow insulators or hollow
insulator bodies.73
Annex B (informative) Methods for bending tests of hollow insulator bodies .85
Annex C (informative) Alternative test method for the temperature-cycle test .91
Annex D (informative) Bending moment equivalent to the design pressure .93
Bibliography.95
Figure 1 – Bending moments.23
Figure 2 – Tolerance of wall thickness .35
Figure 3 – Deviation from roundness of inner or outer core diameter.37
Figure 4 – Effect of camber of the hollow insulator body.39
Figure 5 – Tolerance on height of sanding and porcelain chamfered end flange .41
Figure 6 – Definition of thickness Φ mm for temperature-cycle test .49
Figure A.1 – Measuring of tolerances of form and position .75
Figure A.2 – Measuring of angular deviation of fixing holes.75
Figure A.3 – Method for measuring camber.77
Figure A.4 – Measuring shed angle .79
Figure A.5 – Centring with conical shank screws.79
Figure A.6 – Axial run-out .81
Figure A.7 – Parallelism and perpendicularity.81
Figure A.8 – Coaxiality and concentricity, evenness, alignment of fixing holes
and proper sealing .83
Figure B.1 – Test ram for uniform distributed bending moment.85
Figure B.2 – Test ram for non-uniform distributed bending moment.87
Figure B.3 – Test method with bending load applied.89
Figure C.1 – Alternative test arrangement for the temperature-cycle test.91
Figure D.1 – Diameters for determining the equivalent bending moment to
the design pressure.93
Table 1 – Typical examples of load combinations and weighting factors.23
Table 2 – Hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for general use –
Relevant tests for type, sample and routine tests .27
Table 3 – Ceramic hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for use with
permanent gas pressure – Relevant tests for type, sample and routine tests.29
Table 4 – Number of samples for sample tests .31
Table 5 – Selection of temperature difference for temperature cycle test.51
Table 6 – Selection of temperature difference for the alternative temperature-cycle test .51
Table 7 – Selection of temperature difference for insulators of annealed glass.53
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
HOLLOW PRESSURIZED AND UNPRESSURIZED CERAMIC
AND GLASS INSULATORS FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WITH RATED VOLTAGES GREATER THAN 1 000 V
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62155 has been prepared by subcommittee 36C: Insulators for
substations, of IEC technical committee 36: Insulators.
This International Standard cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60233, published
in 1974, and the second edition of IEC 61264, published in 1998, and constitutes a technical
revision of IEC 60233.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
36C/143/FDIS 36C/145/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2007.
At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 9 –
HOLLOW PRESSURIZED AND UNPRESSURIZED CERAMIC
AND GLASS INSULATORS FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
WITH RATED VOLTAGES GREATER THAN 1 000 V
1 Scope and object
1.1 General
This standard is applicable to
– ceramic and glass hollow insulators intended for general use in electrical equipment;
– ceramic hollow insulators intended for use with a permanent gas pressure in switchgear
and controlgear.
These insulators are intended for indoor and outdoor use in electrical equipment, operating on
alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than
100 Hz or for use in direct-current equipment with a rated voltage of greater than 1 500 V.
The hollow insulators are intended for use in electrical equipment, for example:
– circuit-breakers,
– switch-disconnectors,
– disconnectors,
– earthing switches,
– instrument transformers,
– surge arresters,
– bushings,
– cable sealing ends,
– capacitors.
It is not the object of this standard to prescribe dielectric type tests because the withstand
voltages are not characteristics of the hollow insulator itself but of the apparatus of which it
ultimately forms a part.
1.2 Hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies intended for general use
Hollow insulators or insulator bodies of ceramic material or glass, intended for use
– without pressure;
– with permanent pressure ≤50 kPa gauge;
– with permanent gas pressure >50 kPa gauge in combination with an internal volume
3
< 1 l (1 000 cm );
– with permanent hydraulic pressure.
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 11 –
The object of this standard is to define
– the terms used;
– the mechanical and dimensional characteristics of hollow insulators and hollow insulator
bodies;
– the electrical soundness of the wall;
– the conditions under which the specified values of these characteristics are verified;
– the methods of test;
– the acceptance criteria.
1.3 Ceramic hollow insulators intended for use with permanent gas pressure
Hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies with their fixing devices, intended for use with
permanent gas pressure: permanent gas pressure >50 kPa gauge in combination with an
3
internal volume •1 l (1 000 cm ).
NOTE 1 The gas can be dry air, inert gases, for example, SF or nitrogen or a mixture of such gases.
6
The object of this standard is to define
– the terms used;
– the mechanical and dimensional characteristics of hollow insulators and hollow insulator
bodies;
– the electrical soundness of the wall;
– the conditions under which the specified values of these characteristics are verified;
– the methods of test;
– the acceptance criteria;
– design rules;
– test procedures and test values.
NOTE 2 Hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies are usually integrated into electrical equipment which is
electrically type tested as required by the equipment standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60672-3:1997, Ceramic and glass insulating materials – Part 3: Specifications for
individual materials
IEC 60694:1996, Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards
IEC 60865-1:1993, Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects – Part 1: Definitions and
calculation methods
IEC 61166:1993, High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers – Guide for seismic
qualification of high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC 61463:1996, Bushings – Seismic qualification
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 13 –
IEC 62271-100:2001, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: High-voltage
alternating-current circuit-breakers
ISO 1460:1992, Metallic coatings – Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous metals –
Gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area
ISO 1461:1999, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles –
Specifications and test methods
ISO 1463:1982, Metal and oxide coatings – Measurement of coating thickness – Micro-
scopical method
ISO 2064:1996, Metallic and other inorganic coatings – Definitions and conventions concern-
ing the measurement of thickness
ISO 2178:1982, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates – Measurement of coating
thickness – Magnetic method
ISO 4287:1997, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
NOTE Some of the definitions cited below are taken from IEC 60050(471), modified or unmodified.
3.1
hollow insulator body
hollow insulating body, which is open from end to end, with or without sheds, not including the
fixing devices or end fittings
3.2
hollow insulator
hollow insulating part, which is open from end to end, with or without sheds, including
the fixing devices or end fittings
[IEV 471-01-17, modified]
NOTE This is a general term which also covers the definitions 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
3.3
fixing device
end fitting
device forming part of a hollow insulator, intended to connect it to a supporting structure or to
an item of equipment, or to another insulator
NOTE Where the fixing device is metallic, the term “metal fitting” is also used.
[IEV 471-01-02, modified]
3.4
hollow post insulator
hollow post insulator, which consists of one hollow post insulator unit or an assembly of more
units and is intended to give support to a live part, which is to be insulated from earth or from
another live part
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 15 –
3.5
hollow post insulator unit
hollow post insulator unit, which consists of a permanent assembly of a hollow insulating body
with fixing devices and is intended to give support
3.6
chamber insulator
hollow insulator, which is used as a housing
EXAMPLE Arc extinction chamber of a circuit-breaker.
3.7
bushing
device that enables one or several conductors to pass through a partition such as a wall or
tank and insulates the conductors from it
[IEV 471-02-01, modified]
NOTE The means of attachment (flange or other fixing device) to the partition forms part of the bushing.
3.8
puncture
disruptive discharge passing through the solid insulating material of the insulator which
produces a permanent loss of dielectric strength
[IEV 471-01-11]
3.9
creepage distance
shortest distance along the external surface of an insulator between two conductive parts
[IEV 471-01-08, modified]
NOTE 1 The surface of cement, or of other non-insulating jointing material, is not considered as forming part of
the creepage distance.
NOTE 2 If a high-resistance coating is applied to parts of the surface of an insulator, such parts are considered to
be effective insulating surfaces, and the distance over them is included in the creepage distance.
6
NOTE 3 The surface resistivity of such high-resistance coatings is usually about 10 Ω but may be as low as
6
10 Ω.
NOTE 4 If high-resistance coatings are applied to the whole surface of an insulator (the so-called stabilized
insulator), the questions of surface resistivity and creepage distance should be subject to agreement between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
3.10
specified characteristic
– either the numeric value of a voltage, of a mechanical load, or any other characteristic
specified in an IEC standard,
– or the numeric value of any such characteristic agreed between the purchaser and the
manufacturer
3.11
withstand bending moment
withstand bending moment verified in a type test, which is based on load conditions specified
for the hollow insulator
NOTE For a pressurized hollow insulator, it is based on the load conditions specified in 5.2.
3.12
mechanical failing load
maximum load reached when a hollow insulator or hollow insulator body is tested under the
prescribed conditions of test
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 17 –
3.13
design pressure
upper limit at least of differential pressure reached between the interior and exterior of the
hollow insulator during operation at the design temperature
3.14
design temperature
highest temperature reached inside the hollow insulator which can occur under service
conditions
NOTE This is generally the upper limit of ambient air temperature increased by the temperature rise due to the
flow of the rated normal current, and to dielectric losses, if any.
3.15
manufacturer
organization that produces the hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies
3.16
equipment manufacturer
individual or organization which produces the electrical equipment utilizing the hollow
insulators or hollow insulator bodies
3.17
parallelism of the end faces
maximum difference in the height of a hollow insulator measured across the surfaces of the
end fittings or the surfaces of the hollow insulator body
3.18
eccentricity
displacement, perpendicular to the axis of the hollow insulator, between the centres of the
pitch circles of the fixing holes in the top and bottom metal fittings
3.19
axial run-out
relative axial displacement of the end faces of the insulator measured during one revolution
(see Figure A.6)
3.20
angular deviation of the fixing holes
rotational displacement, expressed as an angle, between corresponding fixing holes in the
end fittings at the top and bottom of a hollow insulator
3.21
camber of an insulator
maximum distance between the theoretical axis of an insulator and the curved line being the
locus of the centres of all the transverse cross-sections of the unloaded insulator
[IEV 471-01-19]
3.22
lot
group of hollow insulators or hollow insulator bodies offered for acceptance from the same
manufacturer, of the same design and manufactured under similar conditions of production
NOTE One or more lots may be offered together for acceptance; the lot(s) offered may consist of the whole,
or part, of the quantity ordered.
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 19 –
4 Insulating materials
The insulating materials of hollow insulator bodies intended for general use (see 1.2) covered
by this standard are:
– ceramic material, porcelain;
– annealed glass, being glass in which the mechanical stresses have been relaxed by
thermal treatment;
– toughened glass, being glass in which controlled mechanical stresses have been induced
by thermal treatment.
The insulating materials of hollow insulator bodies intended for use with permanent gas
pressure (see 1.3) covered by this standard are:
– ceramic material complying in its characteristics with IEC 60672-3, group C-100 and C-200.
NOTE 1 Further information on the definition and classification of ceramic and glass insulating materials can be
1
found in other IEC publications (see [4] ).
NOTE 2 The term “ceramic material” is used in this standard to refer to porcelain materials and, contrary to North
American practice, does not include glass.
5 General recommendations for design
5.1 General recommendations for design of hollow insulators and hollow insulator
bodies intended for general use
Specific design rules are not prescribed since the requirements are a function of the equip-
ment application (see 1.2).
5.2 Design rules for hollow insulators and hollow insulator bodies for use with
permanent gas pressure
5.2.1 Purpose
The rules for the design of gas-pressurized hollow insulators for high-voltage equipment
prescribed in this clause take into account that these hollow insulators are subjected to
particular operating conditions which distinguish them from compressed air receivers and
other similar storage vessels (see 1.3).
5.2.2 Rules for design
When designing hollow insulators, the following points shall be taken into consideration.
– Deviations and tolerances of profile: circularity, run-out, camber, parallelism, coaxiality,
evenness, differences in wall thickness, and angular and radial position of fixing holes
shall all take account of the parts to be fitted inside.
– It shall be considered that electrical strength, mechanical strength and technological
problems may influence the real construction, but, due to the complexity of this subject, no
definitive guide can be given.
– A critical selection of materials for cementing and fittings is also necessary. The ceramic
material shall comply in its characteristics with IEC 60672-3, group C-100 and C-200.
___________
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 21 –
– An insulating pressurized enclosure may be considered as appropriate for its intended use
only after the electrical equipment of which it is a part has satisfactorily passed the type
tests provided for by the particular standards with which this equipment must comply.
5.2.3 Determination of the design pressure
The design pressure shall be the difference between the maximum absolute pressure, when
the equipment (of which the hollow insulator is a part) is carrying its rated normal current at
maximum ambient temperature and the outside pressure.
The maximum absolute pressure of the gas inside the hollow insulator shall be determined
by the equipment manufacturer.
NOTE In some special cases (for example, circuit-breakers), the pressure rise occurring after a breaking
operation should be taken into account.
5.2.4 Determination of the design temperature
The equipment manufacturer shall determine this value taking account of 3.14.
Solar radiation shall be taken into account.
5.2.5 Determination of the type-test withstand bending moment
The following factors may all contribute to the bending stress that may occur in electrical
equipment: mass, internal pressure, terminal loads, short-circuit loads, ice loads, operating
loads, wind loads, seismic loads (see Table 1).
The following sources shall be used for determining the values necessary for calculating the
relevant loads:
– terminal loads: 6.101.6.1 of IEC 62271-100
– wind loads: 6.101.6.1 of IEC 62271-100 and 2.1.2 of IEC 60694
– ice loads: 6.101.6.1 of IEC 62271-100 and 2.1.2 of IEC 60694
– short-circuit loads: determined from the rated short-circuit level of the
equipment (section 2 of IEC 60865-1)
– seismic loads: 8.1 of IEC 61166 and 10.1 of IEC 61463
– operating loads: values depending on design of equipment
The alternative combinations detailed in Table 1 are typical examples of load combinations
that must be considered in design. Column 1 of Table 1 covers the routinely expected loads
and has been assigned a safety factor of 2,1 for the type-test bending stress.
The three other conditions covering rarely occurring extreme loads have been assigned safety
factors of 1,2 for the type-test bending stress, and for seismic stresses a safety factor of 1,0.
The most onerous of the applicable alternatives shall be used to determine the test withstand
bending stress.
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62155 © IEC:2003 – 23 –
From the test withstand bending stress, the test withstand
...
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