SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems - Test procedures for form-wound windings - Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Rotating electrical machines - Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems - Test procedures for form-wound windings - Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
This part of IEC 60034 gives test procedures for the evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems of form-wound windings.
In this evaluation, the performance of a candidate system is compared to that of a reference insulation system with proven service experience.
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 18-34: Funktionelle Bewertung von Isoliersystemen - Prüfverfahren für Wicklungen mit vorgeformten Elementen - Thermomechanische Bewertung von Isoliersystemen (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 18-34: Evaluation fonctionnelle des systèmes d’isolation - Procédures d’essai pour enroulement préformés - Evaluation de l'endurance thermomécanique des systèmes d'isolation (CEI 60034-18-34:2012)
Concerne l'évaluation de la tenue au cyclage thermique des systèmes d'isolation à enroulements préformés. Ce type d'endurance est primordial pour les machines tournantes longues ( particulièrement celles à refroidissement indirect) et pour les machines soumises à un grand nombre de fortes variations de charge en fonctionnement normal
Električni rotacijski stroji - 18-34. del: Funkcionalno vrednotenje izolacijskih sistemov - Preskusni postopki za predhodno oblikovana navitja - Vrednotenje toplotno-mehanske vzdržljivosti izolacijskih sistemov (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Ta del standarda IEC 60034 določa preskusne postopke za vrednotenje toplotno-mehanske vzdržljivosti izolacijskih sistemov predhodno oblikovanih navitij. Pri tem vrednotenju se delovanje kandidatnega sistema primerja z delovanjem referenčnega izolacijskega sistema z dokazanimi izkušnjami pri uporabi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
01-oktober-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CLC/TS 60034-18-34:2005
(OHNWULþQLURWDFLMVNLVWURMLGHO )XQNFLRQDOQRYUHGQRWHQMHL]RODFLMVNLK
VLVWHPRY3UHVNXVQLSRVWRSNL]DSUHGKRGQRREOLNRYDQDQDYLWMD9UHGQRWHQMH
WRSORWQRPHKDQVNHY]GUåOMLYRVWLL]RODFLMVNLKVLVWHPRY ,(&
Rotating electrical machines - Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems -
Test procedures for form-wound windings - Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance
of insulation systems (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 18-34: Funktionelle Bewertung von
Isoliersystemen - Prüfverfahren für Wicklungen mit vorgeformten Elementen -
Thermomechanische Bewertung von Isoliersystemen (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 18-34: Evaluation fonctionnelle des systèmes
d’isolation - Procédures d’essai pour enroulement préformés - Evaluation de l'endurance
thermomécanique des systèmes d'isolation (CEI 60034-18-34:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60034-18-34:2012
ICS:
29.080.30 Izolacijski sistemi Insulation systems
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60034-18-34
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.160 Supersedes CLC/TS 60034-18-34:2004
English version
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems -
Test procedures for form-wound windings -
Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems
(IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
Machines électriques tournantes - Drehende elektrische Maschinen -
Partie 18-34: Evaluation fonctionnelle des Teil 18-34: Funktionelle Bewertung von
systèmes d’isolation - Isoliersystemen -
Procédures d’essai pour enroulement Prüfverfahren für Wicklungen mit
préformés - vorgeformten Elementen -
Evaluation de l'endurance Thermomechanische Bewertung von
thermomécanique des systèmes Isoliersystemen
d'isolation (IEC 60034-18-34:2012)
(CEI 60034-18-34:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-07-19. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60034-18-34:2012 E
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
EN 60034-18-34:2012 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 2/1660/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60034-18-34, prepared by IEC/TC 2 "Rotating
machinery" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN 60034-18-34:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-04-19
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-07-19
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes CLC/TS 60034-18-34:2004.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-18-34:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
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Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60028 1925 International standard of resistance for copper - -
IEC 60034-1 (mod) 2010 Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-1 2010
Part 1: Rating and performance + corr. October 2010
IEC 60034-15 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-15 -
Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c.
machines
IEC 60034-18-1 - Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-18-1 -
Part 18-1: Functional evaluation of insulation
systems - General guidelines
IEC 60034-18-32 2010 Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-18-32 2010
Part 18-32: Functional evaluation of insulation
systems - Test procedures for form-wound
windings - Evaluation of electrical endurance
IEC/TS 60034-27 2006 Rotating electrical machines - CLC/TS 60034-27 2011
Part 27: Off-line partial discharge
measurements on the stator winding
insulation of rotating electrical machines
1)
IEC 60093 1980 Methods of test for volume resistivity and HD 429 S1 1983
surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating
materials
IEC/TR 60894 1987 Guide for a test procedure for the - -
+ corr. July 1987 measurement of loss tangent of coils and bars
for machine windings
1)
HD 429 S1 is superseded by EN 62631-1:2011, which is based on IEC 62631-1:2011.
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
IEC 60034-18-34
®
Edition 1.0 2012-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems – Test procedures for
form-wound windings – Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation
systems
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 18-34: Evaluation fonctionnelle des systèmes d’isolation – Procédures
d’essai pour enroulements préformés – Evaluation de l’endurance
thermomécanique des systèmes d’isolation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX P
ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-83220-116-9
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 General considerations . 6
3.1 Relationship to IEC 60034-18-1 . 6
3.2 Thermomechanical ageing process . 7
3.3 Designation of test procedure . 7
3.4 Reference insulation system . 7
4 Test specimens and test objects . 7
4.1 Construction . 7
4.2 Number of test specimens . 8
5 Heating and cooling cycles . 8
5.1 Temperature and length of heating and cooling cycles . 8
5.2 Number of cycles . 10
6 Test procedure 1 for bars/coils in model slots . 10
6.1 Model slot . 10
6.2 Support for end parts of test objects . 11
6.3 Methods of heating . 11
6.4 Methods of cooling . 12
7 Test procedure 2 for unrestrained bars/coils. 12
7.1 Positioning the bars/coils for test . 12
7.2 Method of heating . 12
7.3 Methods of cooling . 13
8 Tests for qualification . 13
8.1 Initial quality control tests. 13
8.2 Suggested diagnostic tests on individual bars/coils . 13
8.3 Recommended frequency of diagnostic tests. 14
8.4 Criterion for qualification . 14
9 Analysis and reporting . 15
Figure 1 – Details of stator bar and coil definitions . 8
Figure 2 – Heating and cooling cycle schedule. 10
Figure 3 – Example of the model slot with two bars . 11
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
60034-18-34 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems –
Test procedures for form-wound windings –
Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-18-34 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This standard cancels and replaces IEC/TS 60034-18-34 (2000).
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1660/FDIS 2/1669/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
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SIST EN 60034-18-34:2012
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This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found on the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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60034-18-34 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
IEC 60034-18-1 presents general guidelines for the evaluation and classification of insulation
systems used in rotating electrical machines.
This part deals with the evaluation of insulation systems for form-wound windings under
thermal cycling operation. This kind of endurance is of special importance for long rotating
machines (especially indirectly cooled) and machines that are exposed to a very large number
of considerable load changes during normal operation.
The main ageing factor expected in this test procedure is a mechanical stress due to the
thermal expansion difference between the conductor and the insulation, which is defined as a
thermomechanical stress. In this test, a transient temperature gradient from the conductor to
the outer surface of the bar or coil is generated with similar time constant as those found in
real generators. This thermal cycle is repeated to induce fatigue in the insulation system.
In this test, the thermal ageing is negligible. For thermal functional test, see IEC 60034-18-31.
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ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 18-34: Functional evaluation of insulation systems –
Test procedures for form-wound windings –
Evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 gives test procedures for the evaluation of thermomechanical
endurance of insulation systems of form-wound windings.
In this evaluation, the performance of a candidate system is compared to that of a reference
insulation system with proven service experience.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60028:1925, International standard of resistance for copper
IEC 60034-1:2010, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-18-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-1: Functional evaluation of insulation
systems – General guidelines
IEC 60034-18-32:2010, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-32: Functional evaluation of
insulation systems – Test procedures for form-wound windings – Evaluation by electrical
endurance
IEC/TS 60034-27:2006, Rotating electrical machines – Part 27: Off-line partial discharge
measurements on the stator winding insulation of rotating electrical machines
IEC 60093:1980, Method of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC/TR 60894:1987, Guide for a test procedure for the measurement of loss tangent of coils
and bars for machine windings
3 General considerations
3.1 Relationship to IEC 60034-18-1
The principles of IEC 60034-18-1 should be followed, unless the recommendations of this part
indicate otherwise.
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3.2 Thermomechanical ageing process
As a result of thermomechanical cycling, the following mechanical degradations can occur in
the insulation system of the windings:
a) delamination between layers of the insulation;
b) delamination between a layer of the insulation and the conductor;
c) abrasion at the outer surface of the insulation;
d) circumferential cracking of the insulation (tape separation/girth cracking), most likely in the
extension of the straight part;
e) mechanical damage to the insulation caused by distortion of the end turns of the winding.
3.3 Designation of test procedure
Depending upon which ageing processes are to be simulated, two test procedures will be
described.
Test procedure 1, in which the test bars/coils of the winding are assembled in model slots
simulating the conditions in an actual machine, including the supports at both ends of the
bars/coils.
Test procedure 2, in which the bars/coils are free to move, without the restraints caused by the
presence of model slots and end supports.
Test procedure 1 can be used to simulate all the ageing processes listed in 3.2. This is the
most informative method for assessing thermomechanical endurance performance because it
simulates more precisely the conditions occurring in the windings of machines in service.
Test procedure 2 can be used to simulate ageing process 3.2 a) and 3.2 b), namely when the
winding design allows for free axial movement of the bars/coils in the slots.
In both test procedures, the test objects are initially exposed to quality control tests and
optional diagnostic tests. At certain prescribed times during and at the end of the thermal
cycling, the diagnostic tests may be repeated. The ultimate final functional test is a destructive
test.
3.4 Reference insulation system
A reference insulation system shall be tested using the same test procedure as for the
candidate system. An insulation system qualifies to be used as a reference insulation system, if
it has shown successful operation over suitably long periods of time at typical operating
conditions for that insulation system. The class temperature of the reference insulation system
shall not differ from that of the candidate insulation system by more than one thermal class. If
experience with a suitable reference system is not available, maximum permissible changes of
the properties of the insulation system caused by the thermomechanical endurance test shall
be specified, in some cases after an agreement between manufacturer and user.
4 Test specimens and test objects
4.1 Construction
The test specimen shall be an actual bar or coil (see Figure 1) for a rotating machine. The test
specimen shall have the same shape and the same length as the bar/coil that could be used in
an actual machine. It shall be manufactured by applying the insulation system to a conductor
with the same design and materials and using the same procedure as an actual bar/coil. The
conductor cross-section, insulation thickness, creeping distances and corona suppression shall
be similar to those of an actual bar/coil of the maximum rated voltage to be tested.
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In test procedure 1, the test object comprises a number of test specimens (see 4.2) assembled
in model slots and supported as in a real machine.
The bars or coils shall be fully cured as in the functional machine.
Length of bar straight part
Bar end part
Slot length
Extension
IEC 1006/12
Figure 1a – Stator bar
Length of coil straight part
Slot length
Extension
Coil end part
IEC 1007/12
Figure 1b – Stator coil
Figure 1 – Details of stator bar and coil definitions
4.2 Number of test specimens
At least five bars or three coils shall be tested in each thermomechanical test. Additional
coils/bars should be necessary to monitor the conductor temperature and to perform
destructive tests on reference (non-cycled) set of bars/coils (see 5.1, 6.3 and 7.2). If the
temperature is determined from the copper resistance variation, these additional coils/bars may
not be needed.
5 Heating and cooling cycles
5.1 Temperature and length of heating and cooling cycles
The thermomechanical cycling of the insulation system under test is accomplished by
alternately heating and cooling the test objects between fixed upper and lower temperature
limits, measured at the surface of the conductors of the test objects in the straight part and
also in the end parts so as to minimize any heat-sink effect (see 6.3 a) and 7.2).
The preferred measurement method of the conductor temperature is accomplished using
thermocouples, thermistors or fibre-optic sensors in direct contact to the conductor. In order to
obtain good contact to the surface of the conductors, the temperature sensor shall be built into
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60034-18-34 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
the bare-bar before being insulated or inserted into a hole drilled through the insulation on a
separate control bar.
An alternative method to avoid the insertion of a probe directly on the copper conductor is to
measure the resistance of the bar/coil. The copper resistivity depends of its temperature
according to a relationship given in IEC 60028. From the resistance measured when the
bar/coil is at ambient temperature, the average temperature of the copper can be determined
from the relationship given in IEC 60028. The reference measurement of copper resistance is
essential and shall be made when the whole bar/coil is at the same, exactly known ambient
temperature between 10 °C and 30 °C. During the heating, the copper resistance can be
measured by the voltage drop along the bar/coil if a direct current source is used to heat the
bar/coil. The position of the voltage measurement point shall be as close as possible to the
edge of the insulation, without including the connections, and shall always be at the same
location. The temperature along the surface of the bars/coils shall be uniform within ± 10 K as
measured using a non-contact technique such as a thermographic camera or a infra-red
pyrometer. Terminals should normally be thermally insulated to prevent a heat sink effect.
NOTE 1 The harmonic content of the d.c. source should be low to minimize the effect of inductance.
If the resistance method is used during heating, it may also be used during cooling. A suitably
small direct current measurement should then be applied to get a lower temperature limit with
sufficient accuracy. To restart the cycle when the lower temperature limit is reached, a surface
temperature measurement may also be performed. It is necessary to determine beforehand the
surface temperature which corresponds to the lower temperature limit at the conductor by
performing a test using the resistance variation measured by direct current injection. This
method is the same as the “resistance method” in IEC 60034-1. An increase of the thermal
conductivity of the insulation wall is expected during the ageing process, but its change should
have limited influence on the lower temperature limit.
The upper temperature limit shall normally be the class temperature (T ) of the insulation
c
system. It shall be controlled within ± 3 K. If the copper resistance method is used to control
the temperature, the upper limit shall be set at (T – 5) °C. With this method, the upper
c
temperature limit shall be controlled within ± 5 K. Since the thermal conductivity often changes
with ageing, it is necessary to monitor the upper temperature limit of copper temperature during
the test, at least on one bar/coil. The lower temperature limit shall be in the interval between
30 °C and 50 °C.
The time for heating as well as for the cooling shall be between 30 min and 60 min as shown in
Figure 2. The insulation system under test and the reference insulation system shall be tested
with the same cycle except that the upper test temperature limits will be different if the
temperature classes of these insulation systems differ.
NOTE 2 Some insulation systems have a softening temperature above the upper temperature limit. This may
influence the test results, especially when comparing results with an insulation system that has a low glass
transition temperature.
NOTE 3 For machines with particular thermal operating conditions, shorter times may be used.
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T
C
Upper temperature limit
Conductor surface temperature
Lower temperature limit
30 °C-50 °C
30 min to 60 min 30 min to 60 min
IEC 1008/12
Figure 2 – Heating and cooling cycle schedule
5.2 Number of cycles
The test objects shall be exposed to a minimum of 500 thermal cycles.
6 Test procedure 1 for bars/coils in model slots
6.1 Model slot
The thermomechanical test according to this test procedure shall be carried out on bars/coils
placed in model slots. These slots shall satisfy the following requirements.
a) The length of the model slots and the extension of the bars/coils outside the slot shall be
the same as
...
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