SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
(Main)Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-5: District heating and cooling, Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-5: District heating and cooling, Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5
This standard defines the determination of energy indicators of district energy systems. District energy systems may be district heating, district cooling or other district energy carriers.
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-5: Fernwärme und Fernkälte, Modul M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bestimmung von Energiekennzahlen von Fernenergiesystemen fest. Fernenergiesysteme können Fernwärme, Fernkälte oder andere Fernenergieträger sein.
Tabelle 1 zeigt die relative Position dieser Norm innerhalb des EPB-Normenpakets im Kontext der in EN ISO 52000-1 dargelegten modularen Struktur.
ANMERKUNG In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 findet sich die gleiche Tabelle mit den Nummern (für jedes Modul) der jeweiligen EPB-Normen und den dazugehörigen technischen Berichten, die bereits veröffentlicht wurden oder sich in der Erstellung befinden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Module repräsentieren EPB-Normen, auch wenn eine EPB-Norm mehr als ein Modul und ein Modul von mehr als einer EPB-Norm abgedeckt werden darf, zum Beispiel darf eine Norm jeweils ein vereinfachtes und ein detailliertes Verfahren abdecken. Siehe auch Abschnitt 2 und Tabellen A.1 und B.1.
Tabelle 1 — Position von EN 15316-4-5 innerhalb der modularen Struktur
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-5 : Réseaux de chaleur et de froid, Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5
La présente norme définit la détermination des indicateurs énergétiques des réseaux de distribution d’énergie. Les réseaux de distribution d’énergie peuvent être des réseaux de chaleur, des réseaux de froid ou d’autres réseaux de vecteurs énergétiques.
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 4-5. del: Sistemi za daljinsko ogrevanje in hlajenje - Moduli M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5 in M11-8-5
Ta standard določa ugotavljanje energijskih kazalnikov daljinskih energijskih sistemov. Daljinski energijski sistemi so lahko daljinsko ogrevanje, daljinsko hlajenje ali drugi nosilci daljinske energije.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-5: Fernwärme und Fernkälte, Modul M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-5 : Réseaux de chaleur et de froid, Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-5: District heating and cooling, Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-591.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-4-5:2017SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-4-5:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15316-4-5
May
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{ sä s v rä u r Supersedes EN
s w u s xæ væ wã t r r yEnglish Version
Energy performance of buildings æ Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies æ Part
væ wã District heating and coolingá Module M uæ zæ wá M væ zæ wá M zæ zæ wá M s sæ zæ w Performance énergétique des bâtiments æ Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes æ Partie
væ w ã Réseaux de chaleur et de froidá Module M uæ zæ wá M væ zæ wá M zæ zæ wá M s sæ zæ w
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden æ Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen æ Teil
væ wã Fernwärme und Fernkälte This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y February
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s w u s xæ væ wã t r s y ESIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Symbols and subscripts . 9 5 Indicators . 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Output data . 9 5.3 Input data and calculation time step . 10 6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators . 10 6.1 Simplified approach . 10 6.1.1 General . 10 6.1.2 Single-output district energy systems . 10 6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems . 11 6.2 Detailed calculation rules . 11 6.2.1 General . 11 6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules . 12 6.2.3 Distribution-related calculation rules . 17 7 Calculation of energy source indicators . 18 7.1 Renewable energy ratio . 18 7.2 Waste heat ratio . 19 7.3 Cogenerated heat ratio . 20 8 Report . 20 Annex A (normative)
Template for choices, input data and references . 21 A.1 General . 21 A.2 References . 21 A.3 Default values for energy carriers . 22 A.4 Distribution systems . 22 A.5 Reference values . 23 A.6 Method selection . 23 Annex B (informative)
Default choices, input data and references . 24 B.1 General . 24 B.2 References . 24 B.3 Default values for energy carriers . 25 B.4 Distribution systems . 26 B.5 Reference values . 27 B.6 Default method selection . 28 Bibliography . 29
SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 15316-4-5:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15316-4-5:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The revision keeps the main principles of the calculation unchanged but the structure of the document was changed. Informative content was removed to the accompanying Technical Report CEN/TR 15316-6-8. The provisions cover also other energy carriers than heat now. For the calculation of cogeneration units additional methods have been introduced so specific electricity values can be calculated if required. Calculation methods to determine energy source indicators like the renewable energy ratio have been added. The main changes compared to EN 15316-4-5:2007 are: a) informative content was removed to the accompanying Technical Report CEN/TR 15316-6-8; b) provisions now also cover other energy carriers than heat; c) Annex B contains a set of default values for energy flows and carriers that are specific for district heating systems and are thus not covered by the building specific standards. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”. All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency. All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B with informative default choices. For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices. Informative default choices are provided in Annex B. Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet). NOTE So in this case: — the regulators will specify the choices;
— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use the choices made by the regulators. Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same topics can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are possible, for different applications. It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that: — national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this text; — or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give national or regional values and choices. Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock. More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (CEN/TR 15316-6-8). EPB set of standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing) to provide the building services considered in the EPBD. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: — design of heating systems (water based, electrical, etc.); SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 5 — installation of heating systems; — commissioning of heating systems; — instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; — methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; — methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. This European Standard specifies the calculation of indicators that characterize district energy systems. The majority of district energy systems in Europe are district heating systems, but the basic principles will also be applied on other energy carriers, e.g. district cooling. The indicators are required for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings that are connected to district energy systems. This European Standard was developed during the first EPBD mandate and the first version was published in 2007. SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard defines the determination of energy indicators of district energy systems. District energy systems may be district heating, district cooling or other district energy carriers. Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1. NOTE 1 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation. NOTE 2
The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a standard may cover a simplified and a detailed method respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1. Table 1 — Position of EN 15316-4-5 within the modular structure
Overarching Building (as such) Technical Building Systems SUbmodule Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot water Lighting Building automation and control Electricity production sub1
M1
M2
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 1 General
General
General 15316-1
15316-1
2 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units and subscripts
Building Energy Needs
Needs
12831-3
3 Applications
(Free) Indoor Conditions without Systems
Maximum Load and Power 12831-1
12831-3
4 Ways to Express Energy
Performance
Ways to Express Energy Performance
Ways to Express Energy Performance 15316-1
15316-1
5 Building categories and Building Boundaries
Heat Transfer by Transmission
Emission and control 15316-2 15316-2
6 Building Occupancy and Operating Conditions
Heat Transfer by Infiltration and Ventilation
Distribution and control 15316-3 15316-3
15316-3
7 Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Carriers
Internal
Heat Gains
Storage and control 15316-5
15316-5 15316-4-3
SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 7
Overarching Building (as such) Technical Building Systems SUbmodule Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot water Lighting Building automation and control Electricity production sub1
M1
M2
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 8 Building zoning
Solar
Heat Gains
Generation
8–1
Combustion boilers 15316-4-1
15316-4-1
8–2
Heat pumps 15316-4-2 15316-4-2
15316-4-2
8–3
Thermal solar Photovoltaics 15316-4-3
15316-4-3
15316-4-3 8–4
On-site cogeneration 15316-4-4
15316-4-4
15316-4-4 8–5
District heating and cooling 15316-4-5 15316-4-5
15316-4-5
15316-4-5 8–6
Direct electrical heater 15316-4-8
15316-4-8
8–7
Wind turbines
15316-4-10 8–8
Radiant heating, stoves 15316-4-8
9 Calculated Energy Performance
Building Dynamics (thermal mass)
Load dispatching and operating conditions
10 Measured
Energy
Performance
Measured Energy Performance
Measured Energy Performance 15378-3
15378-3
11 Inspection
Inspection
Inspection 15378-1
15378-1
12 Ways to Express Indoor Comfort
– BMS
13 External Environment Conditions
14 Economic Calculation 15459-1
a
The shaded modules are not applicable.
SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017) NOTE Default references to EPB standards other than ISO 52000-1 are identified by the EPB module code number and given in Annex A (normative template) and Annex B (informative default choice). EXAMPLE EPB module code number: M5–5, or M5–5.1 (if module M5–5 is subdivided), or M5–5/1 (if reference to a specific clause of the standard covering M5–5). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and the following apply. 3.1 allocation factor heat indicator that represents the share of energy input to a CHP unit that is allocated to the CHP heat output 3.2 energy source indicator numerical quantity that characterizes the origin of an energy carrier 3.3 multi-input generation unit energy conversion device that is fuelled by two or more energy carriers at the same time EXAMPLE Waste incinerator including gas-burner for ignition, coal boiler with co-firing of wood-pellets or sewage sludge, steam turbine connected to multiple boilers by a common steam header. 3.4 multi-output system system that delivers two or more services, products or energy carriers through the system boundary EXAMPLE A cogeneration unit with electricity as output 1 and heat as output 2, a production process with a product as output 1 and waste heat as output 2, a production process with a product as output 1 and a residual fuel as output 2. 3.5 single-output system system that delivers a single energy carrier through the system boundary EXAMPLE Gas grid, electricity grid. 3.6 waste heat heat that would be wasted if not used in a district heating system or heat from fuel that would be waste if not used for heat-generation SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 9 4 Symbols and subscripts For the purposes of this document, the symbols and subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and the specific symbols listed in Table 2 and Table 3 apply. Table 2 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit
allocation factor -
power to heat ratio - CHR cogenerated heat ratio - WHR waste heat ratio - Table 3 — Subscripts Subscript Term Subscript Term chp combined heat and power mos multi-output system cm cogeneration mode ncm non-cogeneration mode des district energy system ref reference mig multi-input generation device sos single-output system
5 Indicators 5.1 General This standard provides calculation rules to determine system specific indicators as well as default values that can always be used instead of calculating. System specific indicators are more accurate than default values. Using system specific values shall be preferred to using default values if the required data for a detailed calculation is available. 5.2 Output data The output data of this standard are listed in Table 4: Table 4 — Output data Description Symbol Unit Intended destination module Energy performance indicators primary energy factor fP;des - M1–7 emission factor fCO2;des - M1–7 Energy source indicators renewable energy ratio RERdes - M1–7 waste heat ratio WHRdes - M1–7 cogenerated heat ratio CHRdes - M1–7 The calculation methods for energy performance indicators are described in Clause 6. The calculation methods for energy source indicators are described in Clause 7. SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 10 5.3 Input data and calculation time step All indicators of a district energy system shall be determined with the same energy data, system boundaries and time step. The calculation methods are time-step independent and valid for measured and calculated energy. Existing schemes shall be calculated using the energy data from the last three years. If the system set-up or the fuel input mix has been changed within the last three years the calculation may be based on the energy data from at least one year. Retrofitted existing schemes and new schemes that were recently put into operation but are not yet operating according to the final operating conditions may be calculated also using the design conditions and manufacturing data. The energy delivered by a district energy system may be the energy input to another district energy system. 6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators 6.1 Simplified approach 6.1.1 General The district energy system is regarded as a black box (see Figures 1 and 2). The energy performance indicators are determined as the ratio of weighted energy input to the system and energy delivered from the system. A template for default values is given in Table A.2. Informative default values can be found in M1-7 and Table B.2. 6.1.2 Single-output district energy systems
Key A system boundary
1 energy input to the system Ein B energy consumer
2 energy delivered from the system Edel Figure 1 —
Single-output district energy system as a black box in;we;we;desdelcrcrcrEffE⋅=∑∑ (1) where fwe;des weighting factor of the district energy system; Ein;cr energy content of input to the system of energy carrier cr; fwe;cr weighting factor of energy carrier cr; Edel delivered energy; SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 11 fwe;cr shall be calculated separately. This calculation shall also be in line with Formula (1) and the choices about the included overheads according to M1-7. Default values can be found in M1-7 and B.3. 6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems Multi-output generation systems like cogeneration units or trigeneration of heating, cooling and electricity deliver more than one energy carrier. The energy carriers can be delivered to the same area or a different area or to another energy system. If the energy carriers are delivered to different areas or different systems the exported weighted energy is counted as a bonus (see Figure 2). It represents the avoided production in the external system or area.
Key A system boundary
1 energy input to system Ein B energy consumer
2 energy delivered from the system Edel
3 exported energy Eexp Figure 2 —
Multi-output district energy system with exported energy in;we;expwe;expwe;desdelcrcrcrEfEffE⋅−⋅=∑∑ (2) where Eexp energy exported to an external system or area; fwe;exp weighting factor of the exported energy; fwe;exp shall be calculated separately. Default values shall be specified in the format given in A.3. Informative default values can be found in M1-7 and B.3. 6.2 Detailed calculation rules 6.2.1 General For these calculations additional information about the district energy system is required, i.e. it is not regarded as a black box. These detailed calculation rules are divided into generation-related rules and distribution-related rules (see Figure 3). SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 12
Key A system boundary district energy system
1 energy input generator 1 Ein;gen1 B system boundary generation part
2 energy input generator 2 Ein;gen2 C system boundary distribution part
3 energy output generator 1 Eout;gen1 D generation device 1
4 energy output generator 2 Eout;gen2 E generation device 2
5 delivered energy Edel F network pump or compressor
6 distribution related loss Edis;ls Figure 3 —
Major elements of a district energy system 6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules 6.2.2.1 Cogeneration of heat and power 6.2.2.1.1 General CHP units can operate in full cogeneration mode, in non-cogeneration mode or in mix/hybrid mode. Thus the energy flows can include heat from non-cogeneration mode as well as electricity from non-cogeneration mode (see Figure 4). EXAMPLE Extraction condensation steam turbine. SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 13
Key A CHP unit
6 electricity from non-cogeneration mode Eel;ncm 1 fuel input Ein 7 electricity from cogeneration mode Eel;cm 2 electricity-related fuel for non-cogeneration mode Ein;el;ncm 8 heat from cogeneration mode Qcm 3 electricity-related fuel for cogeneration mode Ein;el;cm 9 heat from non-cogeneration mode Qncm 4 heat-related fuel for cogeneration mode Ein;T;cm 10 electricity produced by cogeneration unit Eel;pr 5 heat-related fuel for non-cogeneration mode Ein;T;ncm 11 heat produced by cogeneration unit Qpr Figure 4 —
Energy flows of a CHP unit NOTE Only Quantities 1, 10 and 11 can be measured during mix/hybrid mode. Electricity that is not related to the heat production shall not have any distorting impact on the energy performance indicator of the produced heat. Heat that is not related to the electricity production shall not have any distorting impact on the energy performance indicator of the produced electricity. For the calculation methods in 6.2.2.1.3, 6.2.2.1.4, 6.2.2.1.5.3, 6.2.2.1.6.2, 6.2.2.1.6.3, 6.2.2.1.6.4 and 6.2.2.1.6.6 the heat-related energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode (quantities 5 and 9 in Figure 4) shall be excluded. Subclause 6.2.2.1.2 shall be applied in these cases. For the calculation methods in 6.2.2.1.5.2, 6.2.2.1.6.3, 6.2.2.1.6.4 and 6.2.2.1.6.5 the electricity-related energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode (quantities 2 and 6 in Figure 4) shall be excluded from the calculation of the heat-related energy flows. Subclause 6.2.2.1.3 shall be applied in these cases. 6.2.2.1.2 Heat-related energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode This clause shall be applied if the CHP unit can produce non-cogenerated heat. EXAMPLE Auxiliary firing integrated in a heat recovery boiler of a gas turbine, steam turbine with a bypass to the condenser. SIST EN 15316-4-5:2018
EN 15316-4-5:2017 (E) 14 ncmprcmQQQ=− (3) ncmin;T;ncmT;ncmQEη==(4)=where=T;ncm thermal efficiency of the non-cogeneration mode. 6.2.2.1.3 Identifying
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Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-5: District heating and
cooling
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-5:
Fernwärme und Fernkälte
Systèmes de chauffage et systèmes de refroidissement à eau dans les bâtiments -
Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-
5: Réseaux de chaleur et de froid
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15316-4-5
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
oSIST prEN 15316-4-5:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15316-4-5:2014
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oSIST prEN 15316-4-5:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15316-4-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007
English Version
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings -
Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies - Part 4-5: District heating and cooling
Systèmes de chauffage et systèmes de refroidissement à Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
eau dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-5: Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen -
Réseaux de chaleur et de froid Teil 4-5: Fernwärme und Fernkälte
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 228.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15316-4-5:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations .7
4.1 Symbols .7
4.2 Subscripts .7
5 Indicators .8
5.1 Output data .8
5.2 Input data and calculation time step.8
5.3 System boundaries .8
6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators.8
6.1 Simplified approach.8
6.1.1 General .8
6.1.2 Single-output district energy systems .9
6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems .9
6.2 Detailed calculation rules . 10
6.2.1 General . 10
6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules . 11
6.2.3 Distribution-related calculation rules . 15
7 Calculation of energy source indicators . 16
7.1 Renewable energy ratio . 16
7.2 Waste heat ratio . 17
7.3 Cogenerated heat ratio . 17
8 Report . 17
Annex A (normative) Input data . 18
A.1 Default values for energy carriers from multi-output systems . 18
A.2 Default values for distribution networks . 18
A.3 Reference values . 18
A.4 Method selection. 19
Annex B (informative) Default input data . 20
B.1 Default values for energy carriers from multi-output systems . 20
B.2 Default values for distribution networks . 21
B.3 Reference values . 21
B.4 Default method selection . 21
Bibliography . 23
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Foreword
This document (prEN 15316-4-5:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating
systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007.
The revision keeps the main principles of the calculation unchanged but the structure of the document was
changed. Informative content was removed to the accompanying technical report prCEN/TR 15316-6-8. The
provisions cover also other energy carriers than heat now. The values may be altered in a national annex.
For the calculation of cogeneration units additional methods have been introduced so specific electricity
values can be calculated if required.
Calculation methods to determine energy source indicators like the renewable energy ratio have been added.
The main changes compared to EN 15316-4-5:2007 are:
a) Informative content was removed to the accompanying technical report prCEN/TR 15316-6-8;
b) provisions now also cover other energy carriers than heat;
c) Annex A contains a set of default values is provided that cover energy flows and carriers that are
specific for district heating systems and are thus not covered by the building specific standards.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
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Introduction
1)
This standard is part of a package developed to support EPBD implementation, hereafter called "EPB
standards".
EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing) to
provide the building services considered in the EPBD.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:
design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);
installation of heating systems;
commissioning of heating systems;
instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;
methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;
methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.
All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a
whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a. o. product standards.
However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the
system requirements.
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function
of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements
might be used if fulfilment can be proved.
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In
some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
This standard specifies the calculation of indicators that characterize district energy systems. The majority of
district energy systems in Europe are district heating systems, but the basic principles shall also be applied on
other energy carriers, e. g. district cooling. The indicators are required for the calculation of the energy
performance of buildings that are connected to district energy systems.
This standard was developed during the first EPBD mandate and the first version was published in 2007.
Figure 1 shows the relative position and the modules covered by this standard within the EPB standards.
1) Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of
buildings (recast)
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Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
sub sub
M1 sub1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 1
1 1 1
General General General 15316-1 15316-1
Common terms
and definitions; Building Energy
2 2 2 Needs 12831-3 ?
Needs
symbols, units
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Conditions Maximum Load
3 Applications 3 3 12831-1 12831-3
without and Power
Systems
Ways to
Ways to Ways to
Express
4 Express Energy 4 Express Energy 4 15316-1 15316-1
Energy
Performance Performance
Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
Functions and Emission &
5 5 by 5 15316-2 15316-2
Building control
Transmission
Boundaries
Building
Heat Transfer
Occupancy and Distribution &
6 6 by Infiltration 6 15316-3 15316-3 15316-3
Operating control
and Ventilation
Conditions
Aggregation of
Energy Internal Storage & 15316-5
7 7 7 15316-5
Services and Heat Gains control 15316-4-3
Energy Carriers
Building Solar
8 8 8 Generation
Partitioning Heat Gains
Combustion 15316-4-
8-1 15316-4-1
boilers 1
15316-4- 15316-4-
8-2 Heat pumps 15316-4-2
2 2
Thermal solar 15316-4-
8-3 15316-4-3 15316-4-3
Photovoltaics 3
On-site 15316-4-
8-4 15316-4-4 15316-4-4
cogeneration 4
District heating 15316-4- 15316-4-
8-5 15316-4-5 15316-4-5
and cooling 5 5
Direct electrical 15316-4-
8-6 15316-4-6
heater 6
8-7 Wind turbines 15316-4-7
Radiant 15316-4-
8-8
heating, stoves 8
Load
Calculated Building
dispatching and
9 Energy 9 Dynamics 9
operating
Performance (thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy 15378-3 15378-3
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378-1 15378-1
Ways to
12 Express Indoor 12 -- 12 BMS
Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic 15459-
14
Calculation 1
Figure 1 — Position of this standard in the modular structure
5
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic Hot water
Lighting
Building automation &
control
Electricity production
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1 Scope
This standard defines the determination of energy indicators of district energy systems. District energy
systems may be district heating, district cooling or other district energy carriers.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15316-1, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for calculation of
system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 1: General and Energy performance expression.
prEN 15316-3, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for calculation of
system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and
cooling).
FprEN 15603, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching standard EPBD.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in FprEN 15603 and the following specific
definitions apply.
3.1
multi-input generation unit
energy conversion device that is fuelled by two or more energy carriers at the same time
EXAMPLE waste incinerator incl. gas-burner for ignition, coal boiler with co-firing of wood-pellets or sewage sludge,
cogeneration with multiple heat generators connected by a common steam header.
3.2
single-output system
system that delivers a single energy carrier through the system boundary
3.3
multi-output system
system that delivers two or more services, products or energy carriers through the system boundary
EXAMPLE A cogeneration unit with electricity as output 1 and heat as output 2, a production process with a product
as output 1 and waste heat as output 2, a production process with a product as output 1 and a residual fuel as output 2
3.4
waste heat
heat that would be waste if not used in a district heating system or heat from fuel that would be waste if not
used for heat-generation
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4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in FprEN 15603 and the specific symbols, subscripts
and abbreviations listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
α allocation factor -
σ power to heat ratio -
WHR
waste heat ratio -
CHR cogenerated heat ratio -
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this standard, the subscripts and abbreviations given in FprEN 15603 and listed in
Tables 2 and 3 apply.
Table 2 — Subscripts
cm cogeneration mode
des district energy system
ncm non-cogeneration mode
th thermal
ref reference
mig multi-input generation device
mos multi-output system
sos single-output system
Table 3 — Abbreviations
Abbreviation Term
WTE waste to energy
MIG multi-input generation unit
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5 Indicators
5.1 Output data
The output data of this standard are listed in Table 4:
Table 4 — Output data
Description Symbol Unit Intended
destination
module
Energy performance indicators
f
primary energy factor P;des - M1-7
emission coefficient K - M1-7
des
Energy source indicators
renewable energy ratio RER - M1-7
des
WHR
waste heat ratio des - M1-7
cogenerated heat ratio CHR - M1-7
des
The calculation methods for energy performance indicators are described in clause 6. The calculation
methods for energy source indicators are described in clause 7.
5.2 Input data and calculation time step
All indicators of a district energy system shall be determined with the same energy data, system boundaries
and time step. The calculation methods are time-step independent and valid for measured and calculated
energy ratings.
Existing schemes shall be calculated using the energy data from the last three years.
...
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