SIST EN 16429:2021
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the determination of the concentration of gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial installations into the atmosphere
Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the determination of the concentration of gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial installations into the atmosphere
This document specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on an automatic method for determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere. It describes the sampling and gas conditioning system.
This document specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the infrared measurement method. It applies for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
The infrared measurement method described in this document can be used as a SRM, provided the expanded uncertainty of the method is less than 20 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV), or 1 mg/m3 for ELV below 5 mg/m3, and the criteria associated to performance characteristics described in EN 15267-4 for portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS), are fulfilled.
This document specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the SRM by application of EN 14793.
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen, die von Industrieanlagen in die Atmosphäre emittiert werden
Dieses Dokument legt das auf einem automatischen Verfahren beruhende Standardreferenzverfahren (SRM) zur Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen, die aus Kanälen und Kaminen in die Atmosphäre emittiert werden, fest. Es legt die Einrichtungen zur Probenahme und Gaskonditionierung fest.
Dieses Dokument legt die zu bestimmenden Eigenschaften und Leistungskriterien fest, die von tragbaren automatischen Messeinrichtungen (en: portable automated measuring system, P-AMS) mit Infrarot-Messverfahren zu erfüllen sind. Es ist anwendbar für die regelmäßige Überwachung und für die Kalibrierung oder Steuerung von dauerhaft an einem Abgaskanal installierten automatischen Messeinrichtungen (en: automated measuring system, AMS) aufgrund regulatorischer oder anderer Gründe.
Das in diesem Dokument festgelegte Infrarot-Messverfahren kann als SRM verwendet werden, sofern die erweiterte Messunsicherheit des Verfahrens weniger als 20 % (relativ) beim 1-Tages-Emissionsgrenzwert (Emission Limit Value, ELV) oder 1 mg/m3 für einen ELV kleiner als 5 mg/m3 beträgt und die Kriterien, die den in EN 15267 4 für tragbare automatische Messeinrichtungen (P-AMS) genannten Leistungskenngrößen zugeordnet sind, erfüllt werden.
Dieses Dokument legt Kriterien für den Nachweis der Gleichwertigkeit eines Alternativverfahrens (en: Alternative Method; AM) mit dem SRM durch Anwendung der EN 14793 fest.
Émissions de sources fixes - Méthode de référence pour la détermination de la concentration de chlorure d’hydrogène gazeux (HCl) dans les effluents gazeux émis dans l’atmosphère par des installations industrielles
Le présent document spécifie la méthode de référence normalisée (SRM) basée sur une méthode automatique de détermination de la concentration massique de chlorure d’hydrogène (HCl) émis dans l’atmosphère par les conduits et les cheminées. Il décrit le système de prélèvement et de conditionnement du gaz.
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques devant être déterminées et les critères de performance devant être remplis par les systèmes de mesurage automatisés portables (P-AMS) utilisant la méthode de mesurage infrarouge. Il s’applique à la surveillance périodique ainsi qu’à l’étalonnage ou au contrôle des systèmes de mesurage automatisés (AMS) installés à demeure sur une cheminée, à des fins réglementaires ou autres.
La méthode de mesurage par infrarouge décrite dans le présent document peut servir de SRM, à condition que l’incertitude élargie de la méthode soit inférieure à la valeur relative de 20 % à la valeur limite d’émission (VLE) journalière, ou 1 mg/m3 pour une VLE inférieure à 5 mg/m3, et que les critères associés aux caractéristiques de performance décrites dans l’EN 15267-4 pour les systèmes de mesurage automatisés portables (P-AMS) soient satisfaits.
Le présent document spécifie des critères permettant de prouver l’équivalence d’une méthode alternative (AM) avec la méthode de référence normalisée en appliquant l’EN 14793.
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Referenčna metoda za določevanje koncentracije plinastega vodikovega klorida (HCl) v odpadnih plinih, ki se sproščajo v ozračje iz industrijskih naprav
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16429:2021
01-maj-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16429:2013
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Referenčna metoda za določevanje koncentracije
plinastega vodikovega klorida (HCl) v odpadnih plinih, ki se sproščajo v ozračje iz
industrijskih naprav
Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the determination of the
concentration of gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial
installations into the atmosphere
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der
Konzentration von gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen, die von
Industrieanlagen in die Atmosphäre emittiert werden
Émissions de sources fixes - Méthode de référence pour la détermination de la
concentration de chlorure d’hydrogène gazeux (HCl) dans les effluents gazeux émis
dans l’atmosphère par des installations industrielles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16429:2021
ICS:
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
SIST EN 16429:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16429:2021
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SIST EN 16429:2021
EN 16429
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes CEN/TS 16429:2013
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the
determination of the concentration of gaseous hydrogen
chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial
installations into the atmosphere
Émissions de sources fixes - Méthode de référence Emissionen aus stationären Quellen -
pour la détermination de la concentration de chlorure Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration
d'hydrogène gazeux (HCl) dans les effluents gazeux von gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen,
émis dans l'atmosphère par des installations die von Industrieanlagen in die Atmosphäre emittiert
industrielles werden
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 February 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16429:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16429:2021
EN 16429:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Measuring principle . 12
5 Sampling system . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Sampling probe . 12
5.3 Filter . 12
5.4 Sampling line . 13
5.5 Conditioning system . 13
5.5.1 Permeation drier (configuration 1) . 13
5.5.2 Heated line and heated analyser (configuration 2) . 13
5.6 Sample pump . 13
5.7 Secondary filter (optional) . 13
6 Analyser equipment . 14
7 Determination of the characteristics of the method: analyser, sampling and
conditioning line . 14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Relevant performance characteristics of the method and performance criteria . 14
7.3 Establishment of the uncertainty budget . 14
8 Field operation . 16
8.1 Measurement plan and sampling strategy . 16
8.2 Setting of the analyser on site . 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Preliminary zero and span check, and adjustments . 17
8.2.3 Zero and span checks after measurement . 18
9 Ongoing quality control . 18
9.1 Introduction . 18
9.2 Frequency of checks . 19
10 Expression of results . 19
11 Equivalence of an alternative method . 20
12 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of non-dispersive infrared
method for HCl with requirements on emission measurements . 21
Annex B (informative) Example of correction of data from drift effect . 34
Annex C (informative) Validation of the method in the field . 36
Bibliography . 42
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SIST EN 16429:2021
EN 16429:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16429:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16429:2013.
List of significant technical changes compared to CEN/TS 16429:2013:
— Clause 6 "Analyser equipment": The description of the analyser equipment has been replaced by the
reference to performance criteria given in EN 15267-4.
— The informative Annex "Examples of schematics of non-dispersive infrared spectrometer" was
deleted.
— The informative Annex "Validation of the method in the field" was added. EN 16429 has been
validated during field tests on a test bench, on a waste incineration plant and a large combustion
plant for HCl concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 2,5 mg/m3 to 61 mg/m3.
The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability
and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex C.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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EN 16429:2021 (E)
Introduction
The European Commission (EC) has charged the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to
elaborate this new standard (with Mandate M/513 of January 2013). The work was allocated to
CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”/WG 3, who has prepared this document.
This document has been validated during field tests on a test bench, on a waste incineration plant and a
3
large combustion plant for HCl concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 2,5 mg/m
3 3
to 61 mg/m . Directive 2010/75/EU lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m , on dry
basis at a specified value of oxygen and at standard conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and
reproducibility in the field are given in Annex C.
4
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SIST EN 16429:2021
EN 16429:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on an automatic method for
determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to the
atmosphere. It describes the sampling and gas conditioning system.
This document specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled
by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the infrared measurement method. It applies
for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS)
permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
The infrared measurement method described in this document can be used as a SRM, provided the
expanded uncertainty of the method is less than 20 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV), or
3 3
1 mg/m for ELV below 5 mg/m , and the criteria associated to performance characteristics described in
EN 15267-4 for portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS), are fulfilled.
This document specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the
SRM by application of EN 14793.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14793, Stationary source emissions — Demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method with a
reference method
EN 15259:2007, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for
measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-3:2007, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 3: Performance
criteria and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary
sources
EN 15267-4:2017, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 4: Performance
criteria and test procedures for automated measuring systems for periodic measurements of emissions from
stationary sources
EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison
with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)
CEN/TS 17337, Stationary source emissions — Determination of mass concentration of multiple gaseous
species — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1
adjustment of a measuring system
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications
corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.2
alternative method
AM
measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this document with respect to the
reference method
Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplification of the reference method.
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.3
ambient temperature
temperature of the air around the measuring system
3.4
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes facilities for taking
samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g.
dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition also includes testing and adjusting
devices that are required for functional checks and, if applicable, for commissioning.
Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term
“continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK and USA.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.5
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities
indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the
applicable reference
Note 1 to entry: In case of automated measuring system (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, the applicable
reference is the standard reference method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system.
3.6
drift
difference between two zero (zero drift) or span readings (span drift) at the beginning and at the end of
a measuring period
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3.7
emission limit value
ELV
emission limit value laid out in EU Directives on the basis of a specified period (e.g. 10 min, 30 min, one
hour, one day…)
3.8
influence quantity
quantity that, in a direct measurement, does not affect the quantity that is actually measured, but affects
the relation between the indication and the measurement result
EXAMPLES
— ambient temperature;
— atmospheric pressure;
— presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix;
— pressure of the gas sample.
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012, examples have been adapted]
3.9
interference
negative or positive effect that a substance has upon the output of the P-AMS, when that substance is not
the measured component
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.10
cross-sensitivity
response of the P-AMS to interferents
Note 1 to entry: See interference.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.11
lack of fit
systematic deviation, within the measurement range, between the accepted value of a reference material
applied to the measuring system and the corresponding result of measurement produced by the
calibrated measuring system
Note 1 to entry: In common language lack of fit is often called “linearity” or “deviation from linearity”. Lack of fit
test is often called “linearity test”.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
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3.12
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
Note 1 to entry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example mass
concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour
content.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.13
measurement method
method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample
and analyse, namely field of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures,
presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.14
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.15
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.16
measuring system
set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply,
assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values within specified
intervals for quantities of specified kinds
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.17
performance characteristic
quantity assigned to the P-AMS in order to define its performance
Note 1 to entry: The values of relevant performance characteristics are determined in the performance testing
and compared to the applicable performance criteria.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
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3.18
portable automated measuring system
P-AMS
automated measuring system which is in a condition or application to be moved from one to another
measurement site to obtain measurement results for a short measurement period
Note 1 to entry: The measurement period is typically 8 h for a day.
Note 2 to entry: The P-AMS can be configured at the measurement site for the special application but can be also
set-up in a van or mobile container. The probe and the sample gas lines are installed often just before the
measurement task is started.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.19
reference method
RM
measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of
the measurand
Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described.
Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method.
Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods may be used if equivalence to the reference method has been demonstrated.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.20
repeatability
condition of measurement, out of a set of conditions that includes the same measurement procedure,
same operators, same measuring system, same operating conditions and same location, and replicable
measurements on the same or similar objects over a short period of time
3.21
repeatability in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with two sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: These conditions include:
— same measurement method;
— two sets of equipment, the performance of which fulfils the requirements of the measurement method,
used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by the same laboratory;
— typically calculated on short periods of time in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence
parameters (e.g. 30 min).
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of
confidence of 95 %.
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3.22
reproducibility in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out using several sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include:
— same measurement method;
— several sets of equipment, the performance of which are fulfilling the requirements of the measurement
method, used under the same conditions;
— same location;
— implemented by several laboratories.
Note 2 to entry: Reproducibility may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level
of confidence of 95 %.
3.23
residence time in the measuring system
time period for the sampled gas to be transported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the
measurement cell
3.24
response time
t
90
time interval between the instant of a sudden change in the value of the input quantity to an AMS and the
time as from which the value of the output quantity is reliably maintained above 90 % of the correct value
of the input quantity
Note 1 to entry: The response time is also referred to as the 90 % time.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-3:2007]
3.25
span gas
test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system
Note 1 to entry: This concentration is often chosen around 80 % of the upper limit of the range or around the
emission limit value.
3.26
standard reference method
SRM
reference method prescribed by European or national legislation
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.27
uncertainty
parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values
that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008]
3.28
standard uncertainty
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation u
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008]
3.29
combined standard uncertainty
standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a
number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the
variances or covariances of these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result
varies with changes in these quantities
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008]
3.30
expanded uncertainty
quantity defining a level of confidence about the result of a measurement that could be expected to
encompass a specific fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to a
measurand
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008]
Note 1 to entry: The interval about the result of measurement is established for a level of confidence of 95 %.
3.31
uncertainty budget
statement of a measurement uncertainty, of the components of that measurement uncertainty, and of
their calculation and combination
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012; Note 1 added]
Note 1 to entry: Calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008.
4 Principle
4.1 General
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride
(HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere by means of an automatic analyser using the infrared
absorption principle. The specific components and requirements for the sampling system and the
infrared analyser are described in Clause 5 and 6. A number of performance characteristics with
associated minimum performance criteria and an expanded uncertainty of the method are given.
Requirements and recommendations for quality assurance and quality control are given for
measurements in the field (see Table 1 in 7.3).
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4.2 Measuring principle
The HCl concentration is measured with an infrared absorption method. The attenuation of infrared light
passing through a sample cell is a measure of the concentration of HCl in the cell, according to the
Lambert-Beer law. Not only HCl but also most hetero-atomic molecules absorb infrared light, in particular
water and CO have broad bands that can interfere with the measurement of HCl. Different technical
2
solutions have been developed to suppress cross-sensitivity, instability and drift in order to design
automatic monitoring systems with acceptable properties. For instance: Gas Filter Correlation, Tunable
Diode Laser (TDL) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
The P-AMS will be used only in the field of gas matrices tested during its characterization according to
EN 15267-4.
Infrared analysers are part of extractive or in situ systems. Most of them are combined with an extractive
sampling system and a gas conditioning system. A representative sample of gas is taken from the stack
with a sampling probe and conveyed to the analyser through the sampling line and gas conditioning
system. The values from the analyser are recorded and/or stored by means of electronic data processing.
The concentration of HCl is typically measured in parts per million by volume (ppmv). The final results
for reporting are expressed in milligrams per cubic meter using standard conversion factors (see
Clause 10).
5 Sampling system
5.1 General
A volume is extracted (see 8.2.1) from the flue gas for a fixed period of time at a controlled flow rate. A
filter removes the dust in the sampled volume before the sample is conditioned and passes to the
analyser. Two different sampling and conditioning configurations can be used in order to avoid
uncontrolled water vapour condensation in the measuring system. These configurations are:
— configuration 1: removal of water vapour through elimination using a permeation drier;
— configuration 2: maintaining the temperature of the sampling line at a minimum value (see 5.5.2) up
to the heated analyser.
Conditions and layout of the sampling equipment contribute to the expanded uncertainty. In order to
minimize this contribution to the expanded uncertainty of the method, sampling conditions are given in
5
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16429:2020
01-januar-2020
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Referenčna metoda za določevanje koncentracije
plinastega vodikovega klorida (HCl) v odpadnih plinih, ki se sproščajo v ozračje iz
industrijskih naprav
Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the determination of the
concentration of gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial
installations into the atmosphere
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der
Konzentration von gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen, die von
Industrieanlagen in die Atmosphäre emittiert werden
Émissions de sources fixes - Méthode de référence pour la détermination de la
concentration de chlorure d'hydrogène gazeux (HCl) dans les gaz résiduaires émis dans
l'atmosphère par des installations industrielles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16429
ICS:
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
oSIST prEN 16429:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16429:2020
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16429
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2019
ICS 13.040.40 Will supersede CEN/TS 16429:2013
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Reference method for the
determination of the concentration of gaseous hydrogen
chloride (HCl) in waste gases emitted by industrial
installations into the atmosphere
Émissions de sources fixes - Méthode de référence Emissionen aus stationären Quellen -
pour la détermination de la concentration de chlorure Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration
d'hydrogène gazeux (HCl) dans les gaz résiduaires von gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff (HCl) in Abgasen,
émis dans l'atmosphère par des installations die von Industrieanlagen in die Atmosphäre emittiert
industrielles werden
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16429:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Principle . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Measuring principle . 11
5 Sampling system . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Sampling probe . 12
5.3 Filter . 12
5.4 Sampling line . 12
5.5 Conditioning system . 12
5.5.1 Permeation drier (configuration 1) . 12
5.5.2 Heated line and heated analyser (configuration 2) . 13
5.5.3 In situ analysers (configuration 3) . 13
5.6 Sample pump . 13
5.7 Secondary filter . 13
5.8 Flow controller and flow meter . 13
6 Analyser equipment . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Pressure and temperature effects . 14
6.3 Sampling pump for the analyser . 14
6.4 Interferences due to infrared absorbing gases . 14
7 Determination of the characteristics of the method: analyser, sampling and
conditioning line . 14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Relevant performance characteristics of the method and performance criteria . 15
7.3 Establishment of the uncertainty budget . 15
8 Field operation . 16
8.1 Measurement plan and sampling strategy . 16
8.2 Setting of the analyser on site . 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Preliminary zero and span check, and adjustments . 17
8.2.3 Zero and span checks after measurement . 18
9 Ongoing quality control . 18
9.1 Introduction . 18
9.2 Frequency of checks . 19
10 Expression of results . 19
11 Equivalence of an alternative method . 20
12 Measurement report . 20
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Annex A (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of non-dispersive infrared
method for HCl with requirements on emission measurements . 21
A.1 Process of uncertainty estimation . 21
A.1.1 General . 21
A.1.2 Determination of model function . 21
A.1.3 Quantification of uncertainty components . 21
A.1.4 Calculation of the combined uncertainty . 21
A.2 Specific conditions in the site . 22
A.3 Performance characteristics of the method. 22
A.4 Calculation of standard uncertainty of concentration values given by the analyser . 23
A.4.1 General . 23
A.4.2 Model equation and application of rule of uncertainty propagation . 23
A.4.3 Calculation of the partial uncertainties . 25
A.4.4 Result of combined uncertainty calculation . 30
A.4.5 Calculation of combined uncertainty . 30
A.5 Uncertainty associated to the concentration on dry gas . 31
Annex B (informative) Procedure for correction of data from drift effect . 32
Annex C (informative) Validation of the method in the field . 34
C.1 General . 34
C.2 Recommendations to manufacturers (from observations noticed during the
validation campaigns). 34
C.3 Characteristics of the reference gases . 34
C.4 Characteristics of installations . 35
C.5 Repeatability and reproducibility in the field . 35
C.5.1 General . 35
Bibliography . 40
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European foreword
This document (prEN 16429:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 16429:2013.
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Introduction
The European Commission (EC) has charged the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to
elaborate this new standard (With Mandate M/513 of January 2013). The work was allocated to CEN/TC
264 “Air quality”/WG 3 who has prepared this document.
This document has been validated during field tests on a test bench, on a waste incineration plant and a
3
large combustion plant for HCl concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 2,5 mg/m
3 3
to 61 mg/m . Directive 2010/75/EU lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m , on dry
basis at a specified value of oxygen and at standard conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and
reproducibility in the field are given in Annex C.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on an automatic method for
determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to the
atmosphere. It describes the sampling and gas conditioning system.
This document specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled
by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) using the infrared measurement method. It applies
for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS)
permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
A number of performance characteristics with associated minimum performance criteria are specified
for the measuring system (see EN 15267-4:2017, Table 1 which gives an overview of the relevant
performance characteristics and performance criteria). This document can be used as a SRM provided
the expanded uncertainty of the method is less than 20 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV),
3 3
or 1 mg/m for ELV below 5 mg/m .
This document specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the
SRM by application of EN 14793.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-4:2017, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 4: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for periodic measurements of emissions from
stationary sources
EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison
with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
adjustment of a measuring system
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications
corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
[SOURCE: VIM 3.11]
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3.2
alternative method
AM
measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this document with respect to the
reference method
Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplification of the reference method.
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
3.3
ambient temperature
temperature of the air around the measuring system
3.4
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes facilities for taking
samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g.
dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition also includes testing and adjusting
devices that are required for functional checks and, if applicable, for commissioning.
Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term
“continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK and USA.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.5
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities
indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the
applicable reference
Note 1 to entry: In case of automated measuring system (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, the applicable
reference is the standard reference method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system.
3.6
drift
difference between two zero (zero drift) or span readings (span drift) at the beginning and at the end of
a measuring period
3.7
emission limit value
ELV
emission limit value laid out in EU Directives on the basis of 30 min, one hour or one day
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3.8
influence quantity
quantity that, in a direct measurement, does not affect the quantity that is actually measured, but affects
the measurement result
EXAMPLES
— Ambient temperature;
— atmospheric pressure;
— presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix;
— pressure of the gas sample.
[SOURCE: VIM 2.52, modified]
3.9
interference
negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample
that is not the measurand
3.10
lack of fit
systematic deviation within the range of application between the measurement result obtained by
applying the calibration function to the observed response of the measuring system measuring test gases
and the corresponding accepted value of such test gases
Note 1 to entry: Lack of fit could be a function of the measurement result.
Note 2 to entry: The expression “lack of fit” is often replaced in everyday language by “linearity” or “deviation
from linearity”.
3.11
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
Note 1 to entry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example mass
concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour
content.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.12
measurement method
method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample
and analyse, namely field of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures,
presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report
[SOURCE: EN 14793:2017]
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3.13
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.14
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.15
measuring system
complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment assembled to carry out specified
measurements
[SOURCE: VIM 3.2, modified]
3.16
performance characteristic
one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range…) assigned to equipment in order to define
its performance
3.17
portable automated measuring system
P-AMS
automated measuring system which is in a condition or application to be moved from one to another
measurement site to obtain measurement results for a short period (e. g. 8 h)
Note 1 to entry: The P-AMS can be configured at the measurement site for the special application but can be also
set-up in a van or mobile container. The probe and the sample gas lines are installed often just before the
measurement task is started.
[SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017]
3.18
reference method
RM
measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of
the measurand
Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described.
Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method.
Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods may be used if equivalence to the reference method has been demonstrated.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.19
repeatability in the laboratory
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand
carried out under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Repeatability conditions include:
— the same measurement procedure;
— the same laboratory;
— the same measuring system, used under the same conditions;
— the same location;
— repetition over a short period of time.
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
results.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %.
[SOURCE: VIM 2.20, modified]
3.20
residence time in the measuring system
time period for the sampled gas to be transported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the
measurement cell
3.21
response time
duration between the instant when an input quantity value of a measuring instrument or measuring
system is subjected to an abrupt change between two specified constant quantity values and the instant
when a corresponding indication settles within specified limits around its final steady value
Note 1 to entry: By convention time taken for the output signal to pass from 0 % to 90 % of the final change.
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.22
span gas
test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system
Note 1 to entry: This concentration is often chosen around 80 % of the upper limit of the range or around the
emission limit value.
3.23
standard reference method
SRM
reference method prescribed by European or national legislation
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
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3.24
uncertainty
parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values
that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
3.24.1
standard uncertainty u
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation u
3.24.2
expanded uncertainty U
quantity defining a level of confidence about the result of a measurement that could be expected to
encompass a specific fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to a
measurand
U = k ⋅ u
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2n, and
with a level of confidence of 95 %.
3.24.3
combined uncertainty u
c
standard uncertainty u attached to the measurement result calculated by combination of several
c
standard uncertainties according to GUM
3.25
uncertainty budget
calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or ENV 13005 in
order to calculate the expanded uncertainty of the method at a specified value
4 Principle
4.1 General
This document describes a method for the determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride
(HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere by means of an automatic analyser using the infrared
absorption principle. The specific components and requirements for the sampling system and the
infrared analyser are described in Clause 6. A number of performance characteristics with associated
minimum performance criteria and an expanded uncertainty of the method are given. Requirements and
recommendations for quality assurance and quality control are given for measurements in the field (see
Table 1 in 7.3).
4.2 Measuring principle
The HCl concentration is measured with an infrared absorption method. The attenuation of infrared light
passing through a sample cell is a measure of the concentration of HCl in the cell, according to the
Lambert- Beer law. Not only HCl but also most hetero-atomic molecules absorb infrared light, in
particular water and CO have broad bands that can interfere with the measurement of HCl. Different
2
technical solutions have been developed to suppress cross-sensitivity, instability and drift in order to
design automatic monitoring systems with acceptable properties. For instance: Gas Filter Correlation,
Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Special attention is paid to infrared light absorbing gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, nitrogen dioxide and also hydrocarbons for some special applications.
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Infrared analysers are part of extractive or in situ systems. Most of them are combined with an extractive
sampling system and a gas conditioning system. A representative sample of gas is taken from the stack
with a sampling probe and conveyed to the analyser through the sampling line and gas conditioning
system. The values from the analyser are recorded and/or stored by means of electronic data processing.
The concentration of HCl is measured in volume/volume units (if the analyser is calibrated using a
volume/volume standard). The final results for reporting are expressed in milligrams per cubic meter
using standard conversion factors (see Clause 10).
5 Sampling system
5.1 General
A representative volume (see 8.2.1) is extracted from the flue gas for a fixed period of time at a controlled
flow rate. A filter removes the dust in the sampled volume before the sample is conditioned and passes
to the analyser. Three different sampling and conditioning configurations can be used in order to avoid
uncontrolled water vapour condensation in the measuring system. These configurations are:
— configuration 1: removal of water vapour through elimination using a permeation drier;
— configuration 2: maintaining the temperature of the sampling line up to the heated analyser;
— configuration 3: for in situ measurements.
Conditions and layout of the sampling equip
...
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