SIST ISO 5-1:1996
(Main)Photography -- Density measurements -- Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations
Photography -- Density measurements -- Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations
Specifies definitions, symbols, notations and a coordinate system for applications in photography and radiometry to describe the geometric factors affecting optical transmission and reflection measures. Provides a system for describing methods of measuring or specifying the transmission and reflection properties of photographic materials.
Photographie -- Mesurage des densités -- Partie 1: Termes, symboles et notations
Fotografija - Merjenje optične gostote - 1. del: Izrazi, simboli in oznake, trijezična izdaja
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
NORME INTERNATIONALE
5/l
ME)t
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATlONoME))(LIYHAPO~HAR OPTAHM3Al&dR l-IO CTAH~APTH3AL&‘lMWRGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Photography - Density measurement-s -
Part 1 : Terms, symbols and notations
First edition - 1984-03-01
Photographie - Mesurage des densites -
Partie 1 I Termes, symboles et notations
Premihe edition - 1984-03-01
@ororpac$wfi - ~eHcHroMerpld~ -
L(aCTb 1 : TepMbdHbl, 6yKBeHHble 06o3tiareHHH i+i ct>OpMa 3anIdCH
llepeoe i43Aatwe - 1984-03-01
ES UDWCDUlYAK 535.3.08 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rhf. no : IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
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CCblJlKa No: MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
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-
-
88 transmission, radiant flux
Descriptors : photography, density measurement, reflection, flux density, vocabulary, symbols,
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reflexion, densite de flux, vocabulaire, symboles, transmission, densite de flux
density. / Descripteurs : photographie, mesurage de densite,
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rayonnant. / ~ecKpbmropb4 : *ororpacQkw, oTpaxewe, IlflOTHOCTb MXHMTHOrO nOTOK& cnosap4 0603HaqeHMR,
r43Mepewe llJlOTHOCTM,
mm
IlJlOTHOCTb fl)‘WlCTOrO nOTOKa.
O0
!2g Price based on 21 pages/Prix base sur 21 pages/L@Ha paccwTaHa Ha 21 CTP.
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Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is car-
ried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been authorized has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take
part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for approval before their acceptance as Interna tional Standards by the IS 10 Council.
International Standard IS0 5/l was developed by Committee ISO/TC 42, Photo-
Technical
graphy, and was circulated to the member bodies in December 1982.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Australia Germany, F.R. Netherlands
Belgium Hungary Poland
Czechoslovakia Italy United Kingdom
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Japan USA
France Mexico USSR
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comites membres de I’ISO). L’elaboration des Normes internationa-
les est confide aux comites techniques de I’ISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude
a le droit de faire partie du comite technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO, participent egalement aux tra-
vaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adopt& par les comites techniques sont soumis aux comi-
tes membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales par le
Conseil de I’ISO.
La Norme internationale IS0 5/l a et6 elabocee par le comite technique ISO/TC 42, Photo-
a et6 soumise aux comites membres en decembre 1982.
gwhy, et
Les comites membres des pays suivants I’ont approuvee :
Allemagne, R. F. Hongrie Pologne
Australie ltalie Royaume-Uni
Belgique Japon Tchecoslovaquie
Egypte, Rep. arabe d’ Mexique URSS
France
Pays-Bas USA
Aucun comite membre ne I’a desapprouvee.
ii
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BBeAeHHe
MC0 (Men
HaqMOHaJlbHblX OpraHlA3a~Mfi n0 CTaH~apTkl3a~klkl (KOMMTeTOB-WeHOB MCO). AeRTeflbHOCTb n0
paapa60TKe MemyHapOflHblX CTaHAapTOB llpOBOQklTCfI TeXHMqeCKMMM KOMMTeTaMM MCO. Kax-
Abll;i KOMMTeT-WleH, 3aMHTepeCOBaHHblti B fleRTeflbHOCTM, fiflfl KOTOpOfi 6bln CO3AaH TeXHM-
‘deCKMA KOMMTeT, MMeeT llpaB0 6blTb npeflCTaBJleHHblM B 3TOM KOMMTeTe. Me~yHapOQHble npa-
BMTenbCTBeHHble kl HeflpaBMTenbCTBeHHble OpraHM3a4MM, IlMelOlJ@Ae CBR3M C MCO, TaKme llpkl-
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KOMMTeTaM-WeHaM Ha OfiO6peHMe nepeiq MX yTBepweHMeM COBeTOM MC0 B KaqeCTBe Memy-
HapOAHblX CTaHflapTOB.
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@Ot77OtpaC#WR, M pa3OCnaH KOMMTeTaM-qJleHaM B fieKa6pe 1982 roAa.
AOKyMeHT 6bin oAo6pet-i KOMMTeTaMM-WleHaMM CneflyIOu(MX CTpaH :
ABCTpanHM HkIflepnaHflOB
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0 International Organization for Standardization, 1984 l
0 Organisation internationale de
normalisation, 1984 l
MemAytiapogHaR no
0 Opraw43aqm CraH~apwsaqbw, 1984 l
Printed in Switzerland/ Imprim en Suissehlsfiatio B UJeeAqapHH
. . .
III
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 WI-1984 (E/F/R)
NORME INTERNATIONALE
MC0 5/l-1984 (Ah/P)
MEXAYHAPOAH blti CTAHAAPT
Photography - Photographie - @oTorpa*nfl -
Density
Mesurage des fleHcwoMeTpHfi -
measurements - %cTb 1 : TepnwHbl,
densitk -
Part I : Terms, Partie 1: Termes, 6yKBeHHble 0603tWmH~~
symbols and notations symboles et notations H @opMa 3anbw4
0 Introduction Introduction BBeAeHHe
MsMepeHHe xapakTepr4cTMk nponyckaHr4fl
The measurement of the transmission La mesure des caracteristiques de trans-
and reflection characteristics of objects mission et de reflexion des objets et des M OTpam;eHW! 06beKTOB M @OTOrpaC@+
qeCKMX M306pa~eHldl BaIKHO flflfi @OTO-
and photographs is essential to the images photographiques est essentielle
rpac#wdecKoLil M 0nTwecKofi HayKM. KorAa
science of photography and optics. pour les sciences de la photographie et de
When light or other radiant energy I’optique. Lorsque la lumiere ou toute autre cBer MUM Apyrafi nyrlMcTafi 3rieprMfi na-
AaeT Ha 06beKT, OHM ~160 norno~atoTC~,
strikes an object, it is either absorbed or Bnergie rayonnante frappe un objet, elle est
propagated. Propagation may involve soit absorbee, soit reemise. Cette reemis- ~11460 nepeM3nyrarorcfl. flp~ nepensnyqe-
reflection, transmission, refraction, dif- sion peut etre faite par reflexion, transmis- HMM MOTYT MMeTb MeCTO FlBJleHMR OTpWe-
HMFI, nponyckatiMfl, npenoMnetir4fl, fly-
fraction, scattering, fluorescence, and sion, refraction, diffraction, diffusion, fluo-
polarization. The propagated light is rescence et polarisation. La lumiere ree- cbpakunr4, paccefltiMfl, cpnyopecqeHqr4n M
distributed in various directions about mise se propage selon diverses directions nonflpM3aqw. llepeMsnyL(eHHblL;;I cBeT pac-
the object. In most practical applica- par rapport a I’objet. Dans la plupart des npocrpat4ReTcR B pa3nwHbix Hanpasne-
tions it is neither necessary nor desir- applications pratiques, il n’est ni necessaire HMRX OTHOCMTefl bH0 06-beKTa. B 6OnbUMH-
CTBe npaKTWleCKPlX npWlONeHHL;5 HeT HM
able to consider the light distributed in ni souhaitable de tenir compte de la lumiere
every direction ; but only that which reemise dans toutes les directions, mais He06XOAMMOCTM, HM XeJlaTen bHOCTM paC-
leaves the object in the direction for seulement de celle qui quitte un objet dans CMaTpMBaTb nepeM3nyqeHMe cBeTa ~0
which there is response by a receiver, la direction ou une reponse peut etre don- Bcex tianpasner+rnx, a Tonbko TOT cBeT,
such as the eye. nee par un recepteur tel que l’oeil. KoTopblfi noKuflaeT 06’beKT B Hanpasne-
HMM npMeMriMka, tianpMMep, rnasa.
The object modulates the flow of ra- L’objet module le flot d’energie rayonnante
diant energy from the source to the re- qui va de la source au recepteur. Le flot 06beKT MoflyJwlpyeT npoxoqeHMe 3Hep-
ceiver. The time rate of flow of radiant d’energie qui s’ecoule par unite de temps WlM M3IlYrleHMf4 OT MCTO~HMKa K npkleMHkl-
energy is called radiant flux, or simply est appele flux energetique ou plus simple- KY. npOl43BOflHafl OT 3HepWlM M3Ily’deHMR
flux. This International Standard pro- ment flux. La pdsente Norme internatio- n0 BpeMeHM Ha3blBaeTCR llOTOKOM l43Ilyqe-
vides methods of describing the nale donne les elements necessaires pour HMFl, MIlM npOCT0 nOTOKOM. HacTOfqW
measurements of the flux modulation in decrire les mesures de modulation du flux MewyHapOAH bl I;i CTaHRapT flaeT MeTOA bl
any system. To specify such a system dans n’importe quel systeme. Pour speci- AJlfl OflMCaHMR pe3)Ul bTaTOB M3MepeHMFI
accurately, geometric characteristics of fier un systeme de facon univoque on doit MO~jUlR~MM nOTOKa B npOPl3BOnbHOfi CM-
the system, the spectral distribution of preciser les caracteristiques geometriques CTeMe. flJlR OflH03HaqHOrO 3aAaHMR TaKOfi
the flux incident on the specimen to be du systeme, la distribution spectrale du flux CMCTeMbl JJOlVKHbl 6blTb yKa3aHbl I-eOMe-
measured, and the spectral sensitivity
incident sur I’echantillon a mesurer et la TpwecKPle XapaKTepMCTMKM CMCTeM bl,
of the receiver must be given. If the sensibilite spectrale du recepteur. Si les cneKrpan bHoe pacnpeAeneriMe noroka,
reflection characteristics of the source caracteristiques de reflexion de la source naaarolqero Ha Mccne~yeMbiti o6pa3eq, M
or the receiver affect the measurement,
ou du recepteur affectent les mesures, CneKTpaJl bHaR ‘4yBCTBMTeJl bHOCTb flpl+leM-
as they do in transmission measure- comme cela a lieu dans la mesure de trans- HMKa. EcnM XapaKTepMCTMKa OTpaIKeHWl
ments by the opal glass method, they
mission par la methode du verre opale, elles MCTO’dHMKa WlM npMeMHMKa BIlMFleT Ha pe-
must be specified. doivent etre specifiees. 3yIlbTaTbl M3MepeHMR, KaK flpPl M3MepeHMM
nponyckarir4fr c Mcnon b30BaHMeM onano-
The specimen area under consideration La surface utile de I’echantillon est delimi-
BOrO CTeKJla, TO OHM flOIDKHbl 6blTb yKa3a-
is defined by a sampling aperture, the tee par une fenetre de champ dont les Hbl.
dimensions of which may be important dimensions peuvent etre critiques dans cer-
in some applications and must be taines applications et doivent etre speci-
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
VICO 511-1984 (A/@/P)
flone3Hafr nosepxHocrb o6pa3ua orpar+
frees si I’echantillon presente un manque
specified if the sample has appreciable
MsMepMTen bHOL;i anep-rypofi,
q4MBaeTCfl
non-uniformity. If the measurement is d’uniformite appreciable. Si I’on veut
pa3Mepbl KOTOpOii MOryT 6blTb B HeKOTO-
mesurer quantitativement la maniere dont
to quantify the way the specimen would
PblX CnyqafIX KpMTM~eCKMMM M JJOlVKHbl
modulate flux in a given practical ap- I’echantillon module le flux dans un cas
yKa3blBaTbCR, ecnr4 o6paseq 06naAaeT 3aa
plication, such as viewing or contact pratique, tel que la vision directe ou le
MeTHOfi HeO~HOpO~HOCTblO. EcnM XOTfIT
printing, the geometric and spectral tirage par contact, il faut que les conditions
KOnMqeCTBeHHO OueHMTb, KaKMM o6pa30M
conditions of measurement must simu- geometriques et spectrales de mesurage
o6pa3eq MO~ynPlpyeT llOTOK B HeKOTOpOM
late those conditions in the practical ap- simulent les conditions de ce cas concret.
npakrr4qeckoM cnyqae, HanpMMep, npr4 BM-
plication.
3yanbHOM paCCMOTpeHMM MnM KOHTaKTHOfi
Dans la plupart des cas pratiques, le flux
neqaTI4, TO He06XOfiMM0, rlTO6bl reOMeTpW
In most practical cases, the flux of in- auquel on s’interesse est reemis par trans-
cleckt4e M cneur4an bHble ycnosvw MsMepe-
terest is propagated by transmission or mission ou par reflexion, mais parfois on
HMFl MMMTMPOBanM yCnOBMfi 3TOrO KOH-
reflection, but at times some combina- rencontre des combinaisons de ces deux
KPeTHOrO CnyqaR.
tion of these or other modes of pro-
modes ou d’autres modes de r&mission.
pagation may be involved. In this case, Dans ce cas, le processus est design6 par le
B 60n bUlMHCTBe npaKTWeCKI4X CnyclaeB
the process is referred to by the general termes general (( r&mission )).
npe~crasnntolqnti Mrirepec noroK neper43-
term “propagation”.
nyLfaeTcR nocpeAcTr3oM nponyckaHr4fl t4nr4
La modulation est mesuree et exprimee par
OTpWeHMfl, HO PlHOrAa BCTpeqatOTCFi CO-
Modulation is measured and expressed un facteur de modulation sans dimension,
qeTaHMFI 3TMX AByX ww npyrux cnoco6oB
as a dimensionless modulation factor qui est egal a un rapport de flux, a savoir:
nepeM3nyqeHMa. B ATOM cnyqae npoqecc
which is equal to a ratio of fluxes; that flux reemis dans les directions et dans la
0603HaqaeTCfl 06l4MM TepMMHOM ,,nepel43-
is, the flux propagated in the directions
partie du spectre auxquelles on s’interesse,
nyqeHMe”.
and that part of the spectrum of interest divise par un flux de reference. Ce flux de
divided by some reference flux. The reference peut etre le flux incident, le flux
reference flux may be the incident flux, MoAynfl4vw M3MepFleTCfl M BblpamaeTcn B
reemis 9 travers le systeme en I’absence de
BVlAe 6e3pa3MepHOrO KO3C@C$Nl~PleHTa MO-
the flux propagated through the system I’echantillon, ou le flux a travers le systeme
~ynfIQMM, paBHOr0 OTHOUeHMlO nOTOKOB,
with the specimen removed, or the flux lorsque I’echantillon est remplace par un
a MMetiHo: noroka, neper43nyreHHoro B
propagated through the system when etalon de reference. Pour certaines applica-
npeAcTasnfltolqMx Mrirepec tianpasneHMr4
the sample is replaced by a reference tions, une mesure logarithmique de la
standard. For some purposes, a logar- M cneK-rpan bHoM Mrirepsane, flenetirioro
modulation est preferable au rapport arith-
Ha HeKOTOpblL;I nOTOK CpaBHeHWI. nOCne/.J-
ithmically scaled measure of modulation metique mesure. En ce cas, il est habitue1
is more useful than the measured HMLii MOmeT 6blTb nM6o flaflaK>qPlM nOTO-
d’utiliser la densite optique definie comme
arithmetic ratio. In such cases, it is KOM, TO eCTb nOTOKOM, nepeM3nyclaeMblM
&ant le logarithme decimal de l’inverse du
CMCTeMOti B OTCyTCTBMe 06pa3qa, nM6o IlO-
customary to use optical density de- facteur de modulation.
fined as the negative logarithm to base TOKOM, nepei43nyrlaeMblM ci4cTeMoll npi4
10 of the modulation factor. 3aMeHe McnblTyeMoro o6pasqa 06pa3qOM
La presente Norme internationale distingue
CpaBHeHMfL Ann HeKOTOpblX qenel;l nora-
trois modes de propagation (dent I’un est le
pw@MwecKafl Mepa MoAynfiqw npeAno+
Sincl;e this International Standard iden- mode general (( reemission H), trois sortes
TMTen bHee, YeM MsMepeHHoe apPl@MeTvl-
tifies three modes of propagation (one de flux de reference et deux formes mathe-
qecKoe OTHOlUeHMe. B 3TMX cnyqafix npw
of which is the general mode “propaga- matiques et, par consequent, offre 18
~flT0 non b30BaTbCFI OnTwiecKoPl nnOTHO-
tion”), three kinds of reference flux and mesures differentes de la modulation. Cha-
CTbtO, OnpeAenfleMOti KaK AeCFITWHblti
two mathematical forms, there are 18 tune de ces grandeurs a recu un nom et un
norapn@M 06paTHOrO KO3C@#Nl~PleHTa
different measures of modulation. Each symbole et est definie en termes de rapport
MOAynfi~MM.
of these quantities is given a name and de flux ou par le Iogarithme d’un rapport de
symbol. Each is defined as a ratio of flux. Chaque type de flux necessaire pour
tiacTofqvIL;i MewyHapOAH blti CTaH&T
fluxes or a logarithm of a ratio. Each ces definitions a egalement recu un nom et
OTO~AeCTBnReT TpM BM&a nepeL’l3nyreHldfl
kind of flux required for these defini- un symbole.
(OAWH ~3 KoTopblx fiBnfieTcFi 064~~: nepe-
tions is given a name and a symbol.
!43nyqeHMe), TpM BMAa nOTOKa CpaBHeHMFl
Des normes precedentes ont defini divers
M ABe MaTeMaTMCleCKMe @OpMbl 3aWlCM,
Previous standards have defined types de densite optique et ont donne des
nO3TOMy MMetOTCfl 18 pa3nM’IHblX CnOCO-
various types of optical density and symboles pour quelques types dont la spe-
60‘8 BbIpaIKeHMF1 MOAyJlfl~Wl. KaqOr;i M3
have provided symbols for a few easily
cification etait simple. Certains cas que I’on
3TMX BenMqMH npMCBOeHbl HaMMeHOBaHMe
specified types. Certain arrangements, peut considerer comme des cas geometri-
M 6yKBeHHOe 0603HaqeHMe, M Kamafl Oll-
which may be regarded as geometrically quement extremes ont ete design& par des
peAenfleTCF1 KaK OTHOlUeHMe nOTOKOB MJlM
extreme cases, were specified in simple
termes simples tels que densite diffuse et
ero nOrapW’@M. KawOMy ~14lqy nOToKa, He-
terms, such as diffuse or specular. densite dirigee. Ces cas extremes ideaux ne
O~XO~MMOM~ Anfi ~TMX onpeAeneHwA, npw
These idealized extreme cases are never
sont jamais completement realises en prati-
CBOeHbl HaMMeHOBaHMe M 6yKBeHtide 0603-
fully realized in practice, although they que, quoique etant souvent approches. On
Hac(eHMe.
are often approximated. There has long
a besoin depuis longtemps d’une methode
been a need for a standard method of normalisee pour la definition de conditions
specifying geometric conditions closer IlpexHtie cTaHqapTbl onpeAenfuu4 pas-
geometriques plus proche de la pratique,
JlMClHble BMAbl OnTWeCKOl;i IlnOTHOCTM M
to practice, as well as the extreme
de la meme maniere que pour les cas extre-
cases. The system of specification in AaBanM 6yKBeHHble 0603Ha~eWIfl Anfl He-
mes. Le systeme de designation adopt6
2
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
dans la presente Norme internationale cou- CKOn bKMX JlerKO M~eHTMC@M~PlpyeMblX BM-
this International Standard provides for
all cases, and permits a precise descrip- vre tous les cas et permet leur description AOB. HeKOTOpble CIIyqaL4, KOTOpble MOmHO
CqMTaTb reOMeTpWieCKL4 npeAellbHblMVl,
tion of them [61. precise [61.
OnPlCblBaJlPlCb npOCTblMl+l TepMMHaMl4, Ta-
La plupart des conditions geometriques uti- KMMM KaK ,,AMC#IC#Iy3HaR nnOTHOCTb“ WlM
Most geometric arrangements used in
Ii&es en photographie et en optique peu- ,,perynflptiaR nnoTHocTb“. 314 npeflenb-
photographic and other optical systems
can be conveniently and adequately vent etre d&rites commodement et correc- Hble MAeaIlbHble CIlyrlaM Ha npaKTMKe HM-
tement au moyen de pinceaux de flux uni- KOrAa nOI’lHOCTbtO He peaJlM3ytOTCR, XOTFI
described in terms of uniform pencils of
flux bounded by right circular cones. A formes limit& par des cones de revolution. macro annpoKcr4MMpytoTcR. Aonroe BpeMfi
Chaque point de l’echantillon est souvent
point on the specimen is often irradiated CyQeCTBOBana nOTpe6HOCTb B CTaHAapT-
irradie par un tel cone de flux et la forme HOM cnoco6e onpeAeneHtiR 6onee 6nM3KMx
by such a conic distribution, and the
geometric form of the pencil of rays geometrique du pinceau de rayons qui K npaKTuKe reoMeTpwecKMx ycnoBM&
atteint le recepteur est generalement coni-
reaching the sensor is generally conic. paBH0 KaK M npe#eJlbHblX CJlyqaeB. &lCTe-
The pupil of the eye, for example, sub- que. La pupille de I’ceil par exemple sous- Ma 0603HaqeHMR, npMHflTaR B HaCTORheM
tend un angle solide conique dont le som-
tends a conic solid angle at a specimen MeNqyHapOAHOM CTaHAapTe, OXBaTbl-
point. In projection systems, the projec- met est un point de I’echantillon. Dans les BaeT BCe CAyraM M AaeT B03MO))
systemes de projection, I’objectif de projec-
tion lens subtends a conic solid angle at ToqHoro OnMCaHMf! [61.
the specimen point. This International tion sous-tend un angle solide conique
dont le sommet est un point de I’echantil-
Standard specifies a conic distribution 60IlbWlHCTBO reoMeTpwecKux CXeM, MC-
Ion. La presente Norme internationale defi-
by the half angle of the cone and the nOJlb3yeMblX B C@OTOrpaC@Wl M OnTMKe, MO-
direction of its axis. nit un cone de flux par le demi-angle au XeT 6blTb yAO6HO M aAeKBaTH0 OnHCaHO
sommet du cone et par la direction de son
nOCpeACTBOM M30TpOnHblX nyqKOB Ilyqer;l,
axe.
A working knowledge of radiometry is OrpaHW4eHHblX npRMblMM KpyrOBblMM KO-
generally required to obtain primary HyCaMM. Kaxflafi TOr(Ka o6pasua ‘4acTo
standard measurements of transmit- II est generalement necessaire d’avoir une OCBelqaeTCR nOTOKOM C TaKMM KOHM’4e-
tance and reflectance. In good radio-
connaissance pratique de la radiometrie CKMM pacnpefleneHMeM, 4 reoMeTpwe-
metric practice, for example the effects pour realiser des mesures etalon primaires CKafl c@oprura ny’4KOB nyrefi, ~OcTPlrato~Plx
use
of stray light are minimized by the de transmission et de reflexion. En bonne npMeMtitdKa, TaKme 06blrlHO RBnReTCfl KO-
of appropriate baffles and proper black- pratique radiometrique par exemple, les
HwecKoL;S. 3parloK rnasa, HanpMMep, onpe-
ening of certain surfaces. Because the effets de la lumiere parasite sont reduits en AeIlFleT KOHWeCKML;i yrOJl C BepWlHOfi B
principles and practice of radiometry are utilisant des ecrans convenables et en noir-
TOqKe o6pa3qa. B npOeK4MOHHblX CMCTe-
well known and are fully described cissant certaines surfaces. Comme les prin-
MaX rlpOeK4MOHHblfi 06beKTMB Onpep(e-
in the literature [l], it is considered cipes et la pratique de la radiometrie sont nfler KOHMrleCKML;i TenecHblll yron C sep-
unnecessary to provide a detailed bien connus et sont decrits parfaitement
UJMHOI?1 B TOqKe o6paaqa. HaCTOfl~m Mem-
specification of radiometric procedures dans la litterature [ll, il n’a pas ete juge AyHapOAHbli(l CTaHplapT yCTaHaBJWlBaeT
in this International Standard. necessaire de donner dans la presente
KoHwecKoe pacnpeAeneHue noToKa ny-
Norme internationale des indications detail- TeM yKa3aHMR nOIlOBMHbl yrna npPl BepWl-
lees sur les modes operatoires.
He KoHyca M HanpaBneHm ero OCM.
&VI npOBeCjeHMFl l43MepeHPlti nepBW4HblX
3TallOHHblX KO3C@#Nl~l4eHTOB npOnyCKa-
HMR M OTpaIKeHMfl 06blqHO Tpe6yeTCR
npaKTMr4ecKoe 3HaHMe @OTOMeTpMM. B xo-
pOUJeti C#IOTOMeTplNeCKOti npaKTPlKe, Ha-
npMMep, f3nMflHMe pacceflHHor0 cBe-ra CHM-
XaeTCFI 3a CrleT nOAXOAfl~PlX 3KpaHOB M
LlepHeHuR 0npeAeneHHbrx noBepxHocTeh
nOCKOnbKy npl4H~Wlbl M npaKTMKa C#IOTO-
MeTpMM XOpOl.UO M3BeCTHbl M nOIlHOCTbtO
0nMcaHbl B nMTepaType Ill, cwTaeTcfl~3-
nb+lUlHMM CHa6maaTb HaCTORlJq4Lii MexAyHa-
pOAHbllil CTaHAapT nOAp06HblM OnMCa-
HMeM @OTOMeTpWleCKt4X MeTOAMK.
1 Scope and field of Objet et domaine
06xeKT H 06nacTb
application d’application npHMeHeHHR
This International Standard establishes La presente Norme internationale fixe les HacToqW MemyHapOAHblfi CTaHAapT
terms, symbols, notations and a coordi- termes, les symboles, le mode de notation
yCTaHaBWlBaeT TepMMHbl, 6yKBeHHble
nate system to describe geometric and et un systeme de coordonnhes permettant 0603HaWtiMR, @OpMy 3anMCM M CMCTeMy
spectral conditions for the measure-
de decrire les conditions geometriques et KoopAMHaT Anfi 0nMcaHMfl reoMeTpwe-
ment of the degree to which a specimen spectrales pour la mesure du degre de
CKMX M CneKTpaflbHblX yCflOBllr;l npl4 M3Me-
modulates radiant flux, for applications modulation d’un flux energetique par un peHMM MOAyJlR~Wl o6pasqoM nOTOKa I43ny-
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
- - (E/F/R)
(A/@/P)
echantillon, en vue d’applications en pho- r(eHMR rlpMMeHMTenbH0 K @OTOrpaC@Wl M
and radiometry. It
in photography
, a system for describ- tographie et radiometrie. Elle fournit essen- @OTOMeTpWl. B nepBytO OqepeAb, OH p(aeT
primarily provides
.
-r l
cpeAcTf30 onwaww M 3aflaHMfl xapawe-
tiellement un outil pour decrire les metho-
ing methods of measuring or specrryrng
des de mesure ou de specification des pro- pMCTMK nponywaww M OTpameHl4fi @OTO-
the transmission and reflection proper-
prietes de reflexion et de transmission des rpaqwwecw4x MarepManor3.
ties of photographic materials.
surfaces sensibles photographiques.
IlPMMEclAHME - 8 ~OflOnHeHMe K TePMMHaM Ha
NOTE - In addition to terms used in the of-
OC@l~Wl bH blX R3bl KaX MC0 (aHrJlMGlCKOM,
ficial IS0 languages, this International Stan- NOTE - En supplement aux termes don&
C#IpaH~y3CKOM M PyCCKOM) HaCTOR~Mti MexAyHa-
dard gives the equivalent terms in the Ger-
dans les langues officielles de I’ISO (anglais,
POflHblfi CTaHflapT l-‘lPMBO~MT 3KBMBaJleHTHble
man language. These have been included at francais et russe), la presente Norme internatio-
TePMMHbl Ha HeMeqKOM R3blKe. nOCfleC\HPle 6blnu
the request of Technical Committee ISO/TC
nale donne les termes equivalents en allemand.
BKJllOqeHbl n0 npOCb6e TeXHWeCKOrO KOMMTeTa
42 and are published under the responsibility Ces termes ont et6 inclus 8 la demande du
of the member body for Germany, F.R. comite technique ISO/TC 42 et sont publies MCO/TK 42 M ny6nMKyIOTCFI noA OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb KOMMTeTa-WeHa @eAepaTMBHOfi PecnyG-
(DIN). However, only the terms and defini- sous la responsabilite du comite membre de
tions given in the official languages can be JlMKM repMaHMM (AMH). OflHaKO, TOIlbKO TePMM-
I’Allemagne, R. F. (DIN). Toutefois, seuls les ter-
Hbl M Onpe~eJleHPlFl Ha 0C#Nl~l4NlbHblX R3blKaX
considered as IS0 terms and definitions. mes et definitions dans les langues officielles
MOryT PaCCMaTpklBaTbCfl KaK TePMMHbl M Onpe-
peuvent etre consider& comme termes et defini-
AeneHw-4 MCO.
tions ISO.
2 References Mf6rences
CCblIlKH
IS0 5, Photography - Density IS0 5, Photographie - Mesurage des den-
MC0 5, 0omorpaqbufl AeHcumo-
measurements -
sites -
huempw
Part 2: Geometric conditions for Partie 2 : Conditions geometriques pour
4acmb 2: reonaempwecwe ycnosuR
transmission density. 1)
le mesurage de la densite instrumentale &H u3huepeHuH nnomHocmu nponycKa-
par transmission. 1) HUR. ‘)
Part 3: Spectral conditions. 1)
Partie 3 : Conditions spectra/es. 1) Yacmb 3: CneKmpanbHble ycnosw. l)
Part 4: Geometric conditions for
re flee tion density.
Partie 4: Conditions geometriques pour
Yacmb 4: reoMempuYecKue ycnosuR
le mesurage de la densite instrumen tale
dnR u3Mepe+m nnomHocmu ompaxe-
IS0 3116, Quantities and units of light par reflexion. HUR.
and related electromagnetic radiations.
IS0 3116, Grandeurs et unit& de lumikre
IACO 3116, BenUYUHbl u e&Huybr cBemo-
CIE Publication No. 17 (E-l.11 1970,
et de rayonnement electromagnetiques BblX U 6nu3Kux K HUM 3neKmpOMatHUmHblX
In terna tional lighting vocabulary. connexes.
u3nyveHuii. 2,
CIE Publication No. 38 (TC-2.3) 1977,
Publication CIE no 17 (E-l .l) 1970, Vocabu- ny6nMKaLpm MKO No 17 (E-1.1), 1970 r.,
Radiome tric and photometric character-
laire In terna tional de l’klairage .
MeN@/HapOdHblfi caemomexw+iectwu
istics of materials and their measure-
cnoBapb.2)
ments. Publication CIE no 38 (TC-2.3) 1977, Carac-
t&is tiques radiomt? triques et p ho tome tri-
ily6nmaqm MKO No 38 (TC-2.3), 1977 r.,
ques des matkiaux et leur mesure.
@omoruempurecKue xapaKmepucmuw Ma-
mepuanos u ux u3MepeweJ
1) At present in stage of draft.
1) Actuellement au stade de projet. 1) B tiacron~ee speMn B craflMM npoeKra.
2) OnyGnH KOBaHO Ha aHrJlMkKOM,
@PawY3-
CKOM M HeM euKOM fI3blKaX.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
Dbfinitions
3 Definition of fluxes
incident: Adjectif designant le flux energetique atteignant la
influx: Adjective referring to the radiant flux incident on
31
surface d’un echantillon ou la Cenetre de champ.
the specimen surface or sampling aperture.
3.2 efflux: Adjective referring to the radiant flux emanating emergent: Adjectif designant le flux energetique emanant
from the specimen or sampling aperture and evaluated by the d’un echantillon ou de la fenetre de champ et evaI& par le
receiver. recepteur.
3.3 radiant flux, @: Time rate of flow of radiant energy. It is flux energetique, @: kergie rayonnee par unite de temps. II
est represente par le symbole @ affecte d’un indice qui identifie
denoted by the symbol @with a lower case subscript to identify
the particular flux. le flux particulier.
incident flux, Qi: Flux incident on the sampling aperture
34 flux incident, @ii Flux energetique atteignant la fenetre de
defining the specimen area on which the measurement is made. champ qui definit I’aire de I’echantillon sur laquelle la mesure
est effect&e.
3.5 absorbed flux, Sp,: Radiant flux absorbed by the flux absorb& 0,: Flux energetique absorbe par I’echantillon.
specimen.
Flux energetique reemis par I’echantilion
3.6 propagated flux, Qv: Radiant flux propagated by the flux reemis, Gv:
specimen in the directions and parts of the spectrum to be dans les directions et pour la partie du spectre que I’on utilisera
pour la mesure ou lors de I’utilisation. Le flux est reemis par
utilized in the measurement or application. Flux is propagated
by transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, transmission, par reflexion, diffraction, diffusion, fluorescence
fluorescence, or some combination of these. ou une combinaison quelconque de ces modes.
3.6.1 total propagated flux, Q: Radiant flux propagated flux reemis total, Q: Flux energetique reemis par l’echan-
by the specimen in all directions and all parts of the spectrum. tillon dans toutes les directions et toutes les parties du spectre.
Similarly, one may refer to total transmitted flux, @+ or total On definit de la meme maniere le flux total transmis, @, et le
reflected flux GQr. flux total reflechi, !I$.
3.6.2 reflected flux, @$: Flux that emerges from the flux reflechi, Ge : Flux emergeant de la surface de l’echantillon
qui a et6 atteinte par le flux incident. Ce flux peut inclure tant le
specimen surface on which the incident flux falls. This may in-
elude fluorescent flux following absorption as well as flux pro- flux de fluorescence emis apres absorption que le flux reemis
par reflexion et/au diffusion.
pagated by reflection and/or scattering.
Flux qui traverse I’echantillon
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
01-september-1996
)RWRJUDILMD0HUMHQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHGHO ,]UD]LVLPEROLLQR]QDNHWULMH]LþQD
L]GDMD
Photography -- Density measurements -- Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations
Photographie -- Mesurage des densités -- Partie 1: Termes, symboles et notations
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 5-1:1984
ICS:
01.040.37 Slikovna tehnologija (Slovarji) Image technology
(Vocabularies)
37.040.01 Fotografija na splošno Photography in general
SIST ISO 5-1:1996 en,fr,ru
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
NORME INTERNATIONALE
5/l
ME)t
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATlONoME))(LIYHAPO~HAR OPTAHM3Al&dR l-IO CTAH~APTH3AL&‘lMWRGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Photography - Density measurement-s -
Part 1 : Terms, symbols and notations
First edition - 1984-03-01
Photographie - Mesurage des densites -
Partie 1 I Termes, symboles et notations
Premihe edition - 1984-03-01
@ororpac$wfi - ~eHcHroMerpld~ -
L(aCTb 1 : TepMbdHbl, 6yKBeHHble 06o3tiareHHH i+i ct>OpMa 3anIdCH
llepeoe i43Aatwe - 1984-03-01
ES UDWCDUlYAK 535.3.08 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rhf. no : IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
‘8
CCblJlKa No: MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
$z
-
-
88 transmission, radiant flux
Descriptors : photography, density measurement, reflection, flux density, vocabulary, symbols,
rnz
F
reflexion, densite de flux, vocabulaire, symboles, transmission, densite de flux
density. / Descripteurs : photographie, mesurage de densite,
’ 4
t\
rayonnant. / ~ecKpbmropb4 : *ororpacQkw, oTpaxewe, IlflOTHOCTb MXHMTHOrO nOTOK& cnosap4 0603HaqeHMR,
r43Mepewe llJlOTHOCTM,
mm
IlJlOTHOCTb fl)‘WlCTOrO nOTOKa.
O0
!2g Price based on 21 pages/Prix base sur 21 pages/L@Ha paccwTaHa Ha 21 CTP.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is car-
ried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been authorized has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take
part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for approval before their acceptance as Interna tional Standards by the IS 10 Council.
International Standard IS0 5/l was developed by Committee ISO/TC 42, Photo-
Technical
graphy, and was circulated to the member bodies in December 1982.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Australia Germany, F.R. Netherlands
Belgium Hungary Poland
Czechoslovakia Italy United Kingdom
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Japan USA
France Mexico USSR
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comites membres de I’ISO). L’elaboration des Normes internationa-
les est confide aux comites techniques de I’ISO. Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude
a le droit de faire partie du comite technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO, participent egalement aux tra-
vaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adopt& par les comites techniques sont soumis aux comi-
tes membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales par le
Conseil de I’ISO.
La Norme internationale IS0 5/l a et6 elabocee par le comite technique ISO/TC 42, Photo-
a et6 soumise aux comites membres en decembre 1982.
gwhy, et
Les comites membres des pays suivants I’ont approuvee :
Allemagne, R. F. Hongrie Pologne
Australie ltalie Royaume-Uni
Belgique Japon Tchecoslovaquie
Egypte, Rep. arabe d’ Mexique URSS
France
Pays-Bas USA
Aucun comite membre ne I’a desapprouvee.
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
BBeAeHHe
MC0 (Men
HaqMOHaJlbHblX OpraHlA3a~Mfi n0 CTaH~apTkl3a~klkl (KOMMTeTOB-WeHOB MCO). AeRTeflbHOCTb n0
paapa60TKe MemyHapOflHblX CTaHAapTOB llpOBOQklTCfI TeXHMqeCKMMM KOMMTeTaMM MCO. Kax-
Abll;i KOMMTeT-WleH, 3aMHTepeCOBaHHblti B fleRTeflbHOCTM, fiflfl KOTOpOfi 6bln CO3AaH TeXHM-
‘deCKMA KOMMTeT, MMeeT llpaB0 6blTb npeflCTaBJleHHblM B 3TOM KOMMTeTe. Me~yHapOQHble npa-
BMTenbCTBeHHble kl HeflpaBMTenbCTBeHHble OpraHM3a4MM, IlMelOlJ@Ae CBR3M C MCO, TaKme llpkl-
HMMalOT yqaCTlAe B pa60TaX.
npOeKTbl Me~yHapO~HblX CTaHAapTOB, llpMHflTble TeXHklqeCKMMM KOMMTeTaMM, paCCblnalOTCfl
KOMMTeTaM-WeHaM Ha OfiO6peHMe nepeiq MX yTBepweHMeM COBeTOM MC0 B KaqeCTBe Memy-
HapOAHblX CTaHflapTOB.
MewyHapojqHbt ti CTaHAapT MC0 5/l 6bln paspa6oTaH TeXHWeCKMM KOMMTeTOM MCORK 42,
@Ot77OtpaC#WR, M pa3OCnaH KOMMTeTaM-qJleHaM B fieKa6pe 1982 roAa.
AOKyMeHT 6bin oAo6pet-i KOMMTeTaMM-WleHaMM CneflyIOu(MX CTpaH :
ABCTpanHM HkIflepnaHflOB
6enbrtm nonbulM
BeHrpm Coe~~HeHHoro
ErmTa
KOpOneBCTBa
MTanm CCCP
MeKCMKH CUJA
Hw OAMH KOMMTeT+neH He OTKnOHMn AOKyMeHT.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1984 l
0 Organisation internationale de
normalisation, 1984 l
MemAytiapogHaR no
0 Opraw43aqm CraH~apwsaqbw, 1984 l
Printed in Switzerland/ Imprim en Suissehlsfiatio B UJeeAqapHH
. . .
III
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
This page intentionally left blank
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SIST ISO 5-1:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 WI-1984 (E/F/R)
NORME INTERNATIONALE
MC0 5/l-1984 (Ah/P)
MEXAYHAPOAH blti CTAHAAPT
Photography - Photographie - @oTorpa*nfl -
Density
Mesurage des fleHcwoMeTpHfi -
measurements - %cTb 1 : TepnwHbl,
densitk -
Part I : Terms, Partie 1: Termes, 6yKBeHHble 0603tWmH~~
symbols and notations symboles et notations H @opMa 3anbw4
0 Introduction Introduction BBeAeHHe
MsMepeHHe xapakTepr4cTMk nponyckaHr4fl
The measurement of the transmission La mesure des caracteristiques de trans-
and reflection characteristics of objects mission et de reflexion des objets et des M OTpam;eHW! 06beKTOB M @OTOrpaC@+
qeCKMX M306pa~eHldl BaIKHO flflfi @OTO-
and photographs is essential to the images photographiques est essentielle
rpac#wdecKoLil M 0nTwecKofi HayKM. KorAa
science of photography and optics. pour les sciences de la photographie et de
When light or other radiant energy I’optique. Lorsque la lumiere ou toute autre cBer MUM Apyrafi nyrlMcTafi 3rieprMfi na-
AaeT Ha 06beKT, OHM ~160 norno~atoTC~,
strikes an object, it is either absorbed or Bnergie rayonnante frappe un objet, elle est
propagated. Propagation may involve soit absorbee, soit reemise. Cette reemis- ~11460 nepeM3nyrarorcfl. flp~ nepensnyqe-
reflection, transmission, refraction, dif- sion peut etre faite par reflexion, transmis- HMM MOTYT MMeTb MeCTO FlBJleHMR OTpWe-
HMFI, nponyckatiMfl, npenoMnetir4fl, fly-
fraction, scattering, fluorescence, and sion, refraction, diffraction, diffusion, fluo-
polarization. The propagated light is rescence et polarisation. La lumiere ree- cbpakunr4, paccefltiMfl, cpnyopecqeHqr4n M
distributed in various directions about mise se propage selon diverses directions nonflpM3aqw. llepeMsnyL(eHHblL;;I cBeT pac-
the object. In most practical applica- par rapport a I’objet. Dans la plupart des npocrpat4ReTcR B pa3nwHbix Hanpasne-
tions it is neither necessary nor desir- applications pratiques, il n’est ni necessaire HMRX OTHOCMTefl bH0 06-beKTa. B 6OnbUMH-
CTBe npaKTWleCKPlX npWlONeHHL;5 HeT HM
able to consider the light distributed in ni souhaitable de tenir compte de la lumiere
every direction ; but only that which reemise dans toutes les directions, mais He06XOAMMOCTM, HM XeJlaTen bHOCTM paC-
leaves the object in the direction for seulement de celle qui quitte un objet dans CMaTpMBaTb nepeM3nyqeHMe cBeTa ~0
which there is response by a receiver, la direction ou une reponse peut etre don- Bcex tianpasner+rnx, a Tonbko TOT cBeT,
such as the eye. nee par un recepteur tel que l’oeil. KoTopblfi noKuflaeT 06’beKT B Hanpasne-
HMM npMeMriMka, tianpMMep, rnasa.
The object modulates the flow of ra- L’objet module le flot d’energie rayonnante
diant energy from the source to the re- qui va de la source au recepteur. Le flot 06beKT MoflyJwlpyeT npoxoqeHMe 3Hep-
ceiver. The time rate of flow of radiant d’energie qui s’ecoule par unite de temps WlM M3IlYrleHMf4 OT MCTO~HMKa K npkleMHkl-
energy is called radiant flux, or simply est appele flux energetique ou plus simple- KY. npOl43BOflHafl OT 3HepWlM M3Ily’deHMR
flux. This International Standard pro- ment flux. La pdsente Norme internatio- n0 BpeMeHM Ha3blBaeTCR llOTOKOM l43Ilyqe-
vides methods of describing the nale donne les elements necessaires pour HMFl, MIlM npOCT0 nOTOKOM. HacTOfqW
measurements of the flux modulation in decrire les mesures de modulation du flux MewyHapOAH bl I;i CTaHRapT flaeT MeTOA bl
any system. To specify such a system dans n’importe quel systeme. Pour speci- AJlfl OflMCaHMR pe3)Ul bTaTOB M3MepeHMFI
accurately, geometric characteristics of fier un systeme de facon univoque on doit MO~jUlR~MM nOTOKa B npOPl3BOnbHOfi CM-
the system, the spectral distribution of preciser les caracteristiques geometriques CTeMe. flJlR OflH03HaqHOrO 3aAaHMR TaKOfi
the flux incident on the specimen to be du systeme, la distribution spectrale du flux CMCTeMbl JJOlVKHbl 6blTb yKa3aHbl I-eOMe-
measured, and the spectral sensitivity
incident sur I’echantillon a mesurer et la TpwecKPle XapaKTepMCTMKM CMCTeM bl,
of the receiver must be given. If the sensibilite spectrale du recepteur. Si les cneKrpan bHoe pacnpeAeneriMe noroka,
reflection characteristics of the source caracteristiques de reflexion de la source naaarolqero Ha Mccne~yeMbiti o6pa3eq, M
or the receiver affect the measurement,
ou du recepteur affectent les mesures, CneKTpaJl bHaR ‘4yBCTBMTeJl bHOCTb flpl+leM-
as they do in transmission measure- comme cela a lieu dans la mesure de trans- HMKa. EcnM XapaKTepMCTMKa OTpaIKeHWl
ments by the opal glass method, they
mission par la methode du verre opale, elles MCTO’dHMKa WlM npMeMHMKa BIlMFleT Ha pe-
must be specified. doivent etre specifiees. 3yIlbTaTbl M3MepeHMR, KaK flpPl M3MepeHMM
nponyckarir4fr c Mcnon b30BaHMeM onano-
The specimen area under consideration La surface utile de I’echantillon est delimi-
BOrO CTeKJla, TO OHM flOIDKHbl 6blTb yKa3a-
is defined by a sampling aperture, the tee par une fenetre de champ dont les Hbl.
dimensions of which may be important dimensions peuvent etre critiques dans cer-
in some applications and must be taines applications et doivent etre speci-
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
VICO 511-1984 (A/@/P)
flone3Hafr nosepxHocrb o6pa3ua orpar+
frees si I’echantillon presente un manque
specified if the sample has appreciable
MsMepMTen bHOL;i anep-rypofi,
q4MBaeTCfl
non-uniformity. If the measurement is d’uniformite appreciable. Si I’on veut
pa3Mepbl KOTOpOii MOryT 6blTb B HeKOTO-
mesurer quantitativement la maniere dont
to quantify the way the specimen would
PblX CnyqafIX KpMTM~eCKMMM M JJOlVKHbl
modulate flux in a given practical ap- I’echantillon module le flux dans un cas
yKa3blBaTbCR, ecnr4 o6paseq 06naAaeT 3aa
plication, such as viewing or contact pratique, tel que la vision directe ou le
MeTHOfi HeO~HOpO~HOCTblO. EcnM XOTfIT
printing, the geometric and spectral tirage par contact, il faut que les conditions
KOnMqeCTBeHHO OueHMTb, KaKMM o6pa30M
conditions of measurement must simu- geometriques et spectrales de mesurage
o6pa3eq MO~ynPlpyeT llOTOK B HeKOTOpOM
late those conditions in the practical ap- simulent les conditions de ce cas concret.
npakrr4qeckoM cnyqae, HanpMMep, npr4 BM-
plication.
3yanbHOM paCCMOTpeHMM MnM KOHTaKTHOfi
Dans la plupart des cas pratiques, le flux
neqaTI4, TO He06XOfiMM0, rlTO6bl reOMeTpW
In most practical cases, the flux of in- auquel on s’interesse est reemis par trans-
cleckt4e M cneur4an bHble ycnosvw MsMepe-
terest is propagated by transmission or mission ou par reflexion, mais parfois on
HMFl MMMTMPOBanM yCnOBMfi 3TOrO KOH-
reflection, but at times some combina- rencontre des combinaisons de ces deux
KPeTHOrO CnyqaR.
tion of these or other modes of pro-
modes ou d’autres modes de r&mission.
pagation may be involved. In this case, Dans ce cas, le processus est design6 par le
B 60n bUlMHCTBe npaKTWeCKI4X CnyclaeB
the process is referred to by the general termes general (( r&mission )).
npe~crasnntolqnti Mrirepec noroK neper43-
term “propagation”.
nyLfaeTcR nocpeAcTr3oM nponyckaHr4fl t4nr4
La modulation est mesuree et exprimee par
OTpWeHMfl, HO PlHOrAa BCTpeqatOTCFi CO-
Modulation is measured and expressed un facteur de modulation sans dimension,
qeTaHMFI 3TMX AByX ww npyrux cnoco6oB
as a dimensionless modulation factor qui est egal a un rapport de flux, a savoir:
nepeM3nyqeHMa. B ATOM cnyqae npoqecc
which is equal to a ratio of fluxes; that flux reemis dans les directions et dans la
0603HaqaeTCfl 06l4MM TepMMHOM ,,nepel43-
is, the flux propagated in the directions
partie du spectre auxquelles on s’interesse,
nyqeHMe”.
and that part of the spectrum of interest divise par un flux de reference. Ce flux de
divided by some reference flux. The reference peut etre le flux incident, le flux
reference flux may be the incident flux, MoAynfl4vw M3MepFleTCfl M BblpamaeTcn B
reemis 9 travers le systeme en I’absence de
BVlAe 6e3pa3MepHOrO KO3C@C$Nl~PleHTa MO-
the flux propagated through the system I’echantillon, ou le flux a travers le systeme
~ynfIQMM, paBHOr0 OTHOUeHMlO nOTOKOB,
with the specimen removed, or the flux lorsque I’echantillon est remplace par un
a MMetiHo: noroka, neper43nyreHHoro B
propagated through the system when etalon de reference. Pour certaines applica-
npeAcTasnfltolqMx Mrirepec tianpasneHMr4
the sample is replaced by a reference tions, une mesure logarithmique de la
standard. For some purposes, a logar- M cneK-rpan bHoM Mrirepsane, flenetirioro
modulation est preferable au rapport arith-
Ha HeKOTOpblL;I nOTOK CpaBHeHWI. nOCne/.J-
ithmically scaled measure of modulation metique mesure. En ce cas, il est habitue1
is more useful than the measured HMLii MOmeT 6blTb nM6o flaflaK>qPlM nOTO-
d’utiliser la densite optique definie comme
arithmetic ratio. In such cases, it is KOM, TO eCTb nOTOKOM, nepeM3nyclaeMblM
&ant le logarithme decimal de l’inverse du
CMCTeMOti B OTCyTCTBMe 06pa3qa, nM6o IlO-
customary to use optical density de- facteur de modulation.
fined as the negative logarithm to base TOKOM, nepei43nyrlaeMblM ci4cTeMoll npi4
10 of the modulation factor. 3aMeHe McnblTyeMoro o6pasqa 06pa3qOM
La presente Norme internationale distingue
CpaBHeHMfL Ann HeKOTOpblX qenel;l nora-
trois modes de propagation (dent I’un est le
pw@MwecKafl Mepa MoAynfiqw npeAno+
Sincl;e this International Standard iden- mode general (( reemission H), trois sortes
TMTen bHee, YeM MsMepeHHoe apPl@MeTvl-
tifies three modes of propagation (one de flux de reference et deux formes mathe-
qecKoe OTHOlUeHMe. B 3TMX cnyqafix npw
of which is the general mode “propaga- matiques et, par consequent, offre 18
~flT0 non b30BaTbCFI OnTwiecKoPl nnOTHO-
tion”), three kinds of reference flux and mesures differentes de la modulation. Cha-
CTbtO, OnpeAenfleMOti KaK AeCFITWHblti
two mathematical forms, there are 18 tune de ces grandeurs a recu un nom et un
norapn@M 06paTHOrO KO3C@#Nl~PleHTa
different measures of modulation. Each symbole et est definie en termes de rapport
MOAynfi~MM.
of these quantities is given a name and de flux ou par le Iogarithme d’un rapport de
symbol. Each is defined as a ratio of flux. Chaque type de flux necessaire pour
tiacTofqvIL;i MewyHapOAH blti CTaH&T
fluxes or a logarithm of a ratio. Each ces definitions a egalement recu un nom et
OTO~AeCTBnReT TpM BM&a nepeL’l3nyreHldfl
kind of flux required for these defini- un symbole.
(OAWH ~3 KoTopblx fiBnfieTcFi 064~~: nepe-
tions is given a name and a symbol.
!43nyqeHMe), TpM BMAa nOTOKa CpaBHeHMFl
Des normes precedentes ont defini divers
M ABe MaTeMaTMCleCKMe @OpMbl 3aWlCM,
Previous standards have defined types de densite optique et ont donne des
nO3TOMy MMetOTCfl 18 pa3nM’IHblX CnOCO-
various types of optical density and symboles pour quelques types dont la spe-
60‘8 BbIpaIKeHMF1 MOAyJlfl~Wl. KaqOr;i M3
have provided symbols for a few easily
cification etait simple. Certains cas que I’on
3TMX BenMqMH npMCBOeHbl HaMMeHOBaHMe
specified types. Certain arrangements, peut considerer comme des cas geometri-
M 6yKBeHHOe 0603HaqeHMe, M Kamafl Oll-
which may be regarded as geometrically quement extremes ont ete design& par des
peAenfleTCF1 KaK OTHOlUeHMe nOTOKOB MJlM
extreme cases, were specified in simple
termes simples tels que densite diffuse et
ero nOrapW’@M. KawOMy ~14lqy nOToKa, He-
terms, such as diffuse or specular. densite dirigee. Ces cas extremes ideaux ne
O~XO~MMOM~ Anfi ~TMX onpeAeneHwA, npw
These idealized extreme cases are never
sont jamais completement realises en prati-
CBOeHbl HaMMeHOBaHMe M 6yKBeHtide 0603-
fully realized in practice, although they que, quoique etant souvent approches. On
Hac(eHMe.
are often approximated. There has long
a besoin depuis longtemps d’une methode
been a need for a standard method of normalisee pour la definition de conditions
specifying geometric conditions closer IlpexHtie cTaHqapTbl onpeAenfuu4 pas-
geometriques plus proche de la pratique,
JlMClHble BMAbl OnTWeCKOl;i IlnOTHOCTM M
to practice, as well as the extreme
de la meme maniere que pour les cas extre-
cases. The system of specification in AaBanM 6yKBeHHble 0603Ha~eWIfl Anfl He-
mes. Le systeme de designation adopt6
2
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
dans la presente Norme internationale cou- CKOn bKMX JlerKO M~eHTMC@M~PlpyeMblX BM-
this International Standard provides for
all cases, and permits a precise descrip- vre tous les cas et permet leur description AOB. HeKOTOpble CIIyqaL4, KOTOpble MOmHO
CqMTaTb reOMeTpWieCKL4 npeAellbHblMVl,
tion of them [61. precise [61.
OnPlCblBaJlPlCb npOCTblMl+l TepMMHaMl4, Ta-
La plupart des conditions geometriques uti- KMMM KaK ,,AMC#IC#Iy3HaR nnOTHOCTb“ WlM
Most geometric arrangements used in
Ii&es en photographie et en optique peu- ,,perynflptiaR nnoTHocTb“. 314 npeflenb-
photographic and other optical systems
can be conveniently and adequately vent etre d&rites commodement et correc- Hble MAeaIlbHble CIlyrlaM Ha npaKTMKe HM-
tement au moyen de pinceaux de flux uni- KOrAa nOI’lHOCTbtO He peaJlM3ytOTCR, XOTFI
described in terms of uniform pencils of
flux bounded by right circular cones. A formes limit& par des cones de revolution. macro annpoKcr4MMpytoTcR. Aonroe BpeMfi
Chaque point de l’echantillon est souvent
point on the specimen is often irradiated CyQeCTBOBana nOTpe6HOCTb B CTaHAapT-
irradie par un tel cone de flux et la forme HOM cnoco6e onpeAeneHtiR 6onee 6nM3KMx
by such a conic distribution, and the
geometric form of the pencil of rays geometrique du pinceau de rayons qui K npaKTuKe reoMeTpwecKMx ycnoBM&
atteint le recepteur est generalement coni-
reaching the sensor is generally conic. paBH0 KaK M npe#eJlbHblX CJlyqaeB. &lCTe-
The pupil of the eye, for example, sub- que. La pupille de I’ceil par exemple sous- Ma 0603HaqeHMR, npMHflTaR B HaCTORheM
tend un angle solide conique dont le som-
tends a conic solid angle at a specimen MeNqyHapOAHOM CTaHAapTe, OXBaTbl-
point. In projection systems, the projec- met est un point de I’echantillon. Dans les BaeT BCe CAyraM M AaeT B03MO))
systemes de projection, I’objectif de projec-
tion lens subtends a conic solid angle at ToqHoro OnMCaHMf! [61.
the specimen point. This International tion sous-tend un angle solide conique
dont le sommet est un point de I’echantil-
Standard specifies a conic distribution 60IlbWlHCTBO reoMeTpwecKux CXeM, MC-
Ion. La presente Norme internationale defi-
by the half angle of the cone and the nOJlb3yeMblX B C@OTOrpaC@Wl M OnTMKe, MO-
direction of its axis. nit un cone de flux par le demi-angle au XeT 6blTb yAO6HO M aAeKBaTH0 OnHCaHO
sommet du cone et par la direction de son
nOCpeACTBOM M30TpOnHblX nyqKOB Ilyqer;l,
axe.
A working knowledge of radiometry is OrpaHW4eHHblX npRMblMM KpyrOBblMM KO-
generally required to obtain primary HyCaMM. Kaxflafi TOr(Ka o6pasua ‘4acTo
standard measurements of transmit- II est generalement necessaire d’avoir une OCBelqaeTCR nOTOKOM C TaKMM KOHM’4e-
tance and reflectance. In good radio-
connaissance pratique de la radiometrie CKMM pacnpefleneHMeM, 4 reoMeTpwe-
metric practice, for example the effects pour realiser des mesures etalon primaires CKafl c@oprura ny’4KOB nyrefi, ~OcTPlrato~Plx
use
of stray light are minimized by the de transmission et de reflexion. En bonne npMeMtitdKa, TaKme 06blrlHO RBnReTCfl KO-
of appropriate baffles and proper black- pratique radiometrique par exemple, les
HwecKoL;S. 3parloK rnasa, HanpMMep, onpe-
ening of certain surfaces. Because the effets de la lumiere parasite sont reduits en AeIlFleT KOHWeCKML;i yrOJl C BepWlHOfi B
principles and practice of radiometry are utilisant des ecrans convenables et en noir-
TOqKe o6pa3qa. B npOeK4MOHHblX CMCTe-
well known and are fully described cissant certaines surfaces. Comme les prin-
MaX rlpOeK4MOHHblfi 06beKTMB Onpep(e-
in the literature [l], it is considered cipes et la pratique de la radiometrie sont nfler KOHMrleCKML;i TenecHblll yron C sep-
unnecessary to provide a detailed bien connus et sont decrits parfaitement
UJMHOI?1 B TOqKe o6paaqa. HaCTOfl~m Mem-
specification of radiometric procedures dans la litterature [ll, il n’a pas ete juge AyHapOAHbli(l CTaHplapT yCTaHaBJWlBaeT
in this International Standard. necessaire de donner dans la presente
KoHwecKoe pacnpeAeneHue noToKa ny-
Norme internationale des indications detail- TeM yKa3aHMR nOIlOBMHbl yrna npPl BepWl-
lees sur les modes operatoires.
He KoHyca M HanpaBneHm ero OCM.
&VI npOBeCjeHMFl l43MepeHPlti nepBW4HblX
3TallOHHblX KO3C@#Nl~l4eHTOB npOnyCKa-
HMR M OTpaIKeHMfl 06blqHO Tpe6yeTCR
npaKTMr4ecKoe 3HaHMe @OTOMeTpMM. B xo-
pOUJeti C#IOTOMeTplNeCKOti npaKTPlKe, Ha-
npMMep, f3nMflHMe pacceflHHor0 cBe-ra CHM-
XaeTCFI 3a CrleT nOAXOAfl~PlX 3KpaHOB M
LlepHeHuR 0npeAeneHHbrx noBepxHocTeh
nOCKOnbKy npl4H~Wlbl M npaKTMKa C#IOTO-
MeTpMM XOpOl.UO M3BeCTHbl M nOIlHOCTbtO
0nMcaHbl B nMTepaType Ill, cwTaeTcfl~3-
nb+lUlHMM CHa6maaTb HaCTORlJq4Lii MexAyHa-
pOAHbllil CTaHAapT nOAp06HblM OnMCa-
HMeM @OTOMeTpWleCKt4X MeTOAMK.
1 Scope and field of Objet et domaine
06xeKT H 06nacTb
application d’application npHMeHeHHR
This International Standard establishes La presente Norme internationale fixe les HacToqW MemyHapOAHblfi CTaHAapT
terms, symbols, notations and a coordi- termes, les symboles, le mode de notation
yCTaHaBWlBaeT TepMMHbl, 6yKBeHHble
nate system to describe geometric and et un systeme de coordonnhes permettant 0603HaWtiMR, @OpMy 3anMCM M CMCTeMy
spectral conditions for the measure-
de decrire les conditions geometriques et KoopAMHaT Anfi 0nMcaHMfl reoMeTpwe-
ment of the degree to which a specimen spectrales pour la mesure du degre de
CKMX M CneKTpaflbHblX yCflOBllr;l npl4 M3Me-
modulates radiant flux, for applications modulation d’un flux energetique par un peHMM MOAyJlR~Wl o6pasqoM nOTOKa I43ny-
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
- - (E/F/R)
(A/@/P)
echantillon, en vue d’applications en pho- r(eHMR rlpMMeHMTenbH0 K @OTOrpaC@Wl M
and radiometry. It
in photography
, a system for describ- tographie et radiometrie. Elle fournit essen- @OTOMeTpWl. B nepBytO OqepeAb, OH p(aeT
primarily provides
.
-r l
cpeAcTf30 onwaww M 3aflaHMfl xapawe-
tiellement un outil pour decrire les metho-
ing methods of measuring or specrryrng
des de mesure ou de specification des pro- pMCTMK nponywaww M OTpameHl4fi @OTO-
the transmission and reflection proper-
prietes de reflexion et de transmission des rpaqwwecw4x MarepManor3.
ties of photographic materials.
surfaces sensibles photographiques.
IlPMMEclAHME - 8 ~OflOnHeHMe K TePMMHaM Ha
NOTE - In addition to terms used in the of-
OC@l~Wl bH blX R3bl KaX MC0 (aHrJlMGlCKOM,
ficial IS0 languages, this International Stan- NOTE - En supplement aux termes don&
C#IpaH~y3CKOM M PyCCKOM) HaCTOR~Mti MexAyHa-
dard gives the equivalent terms in the Ger-
dans les langues officielles de I’ISO (anglais,
POflHblfi CTaHflapT l-‘lPMBO~MT 3KBMBaJleHTHble
man language. These have been included at francais et russe), la presente Norme internatio-
TePMMHbl Ha HeMeqKOM R3blKe. nOCfleC\HPle 6blnu
the request of Technical Committee ISO/TC
nale donne les termes equivalents en allemand.
BKJllOqeHbl n0 npOCb6e TeXHWeCKOrO KOMMTeTa
42 and are published under the responsibility Ces termes ont et6 inclus 8 la demande du
of the member body for Germany, F.R. comite technique ISO/TC 42 et sont publies MCO/TK 42 M ny6nMKyIOTCFI noA OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb KOMMTeTa-WeHa @eAepaTMBHOfi PecnyG-
(DIN). However, only the terms and defini- sous la responsabilite du comite membre de
tions given in the official languages can be JlMKM repMaHMM (AMH). OflHaKO, TOIlbKO TePMM-
I’Allemagne, R. F. (DIN). Toutefois, seuls les ter-
Hbl M Onpe~eJleHPlFl Ha 0C#Nl~l4NlbHblX R3blKaX
considered as IS0 terms and definitions. mes et definitions dans les langues officielles
MOryT PaCCMaTpklBaTbCfl KaK TePMMHbl M Onpe-
peuvent etre consider& comme termes et defini-
AeneHw-4 MCO.
tions ISO.
2 References Mf6rences
CCblIlKH
IS0 5, Photography - Density IS0 5, Photographie - Mesurage des den-
MC0 5, 0omorpaqbufl AeHcumo-
measurements -
sites -
huempw
Part 2: Geometric conditions for Partie 2 : Conditions geometriques pour
4acmb 2: reonaempwecwe ycnosuR
transmission density. 1)
le mesurage de la densite instrumentale &H u3huepeHuH nnomHocmu nponycKa-
par transmission. 1) HUR. ‘)
Part 3: Spectral conditions. 1)
Partie 3 : Conditions spectra/es. 1) Yacmb 3: CneKmpanbHble ycnosw. l)
Part 4: Geometric conditions for
re flee tion density.
Partie 4: Conditions geometriques pour
Yacmb 4: reoMempuYecKue ycnosuR
le mesurage de la densite instrumen tale
dnR u3Mepe+m nnomHocmu ompaxe-
IS0 3116, Quantities and units of light par reflexion. HUR.
and related electromagnetic radiations.
IS0 3116, Grandeurs et unit& de lumikre
IACO 3116, BenUYUHbl u e&Huybr cBemo-
CIE Publication No. 17 (E-l.11 1970,
et de rayonnement electromagnetiques BblX U 6nu3Kux K HUM 3neKmpOMatHUmHblX
In terna tional lighting vocabulary. connexes.
u3nyveHuii. 2,
CIE Publication No. 38 (TC-2.3) 1977,
Publication CIE no 17 (E-l .l) 1970, Vocabu- ny6nMKaLpm MKO No 17 (E-1.1), 1970 r.,
Radiome tric and photometric character-
laire In terna tional de l’klairage .
MeN@/HapOdHblfi caemomexw+iectwu
istics of materials and their measure-
cnoBapb.2)
ments. Publication CIE no 38 (TC-2.3) 1977, Carac-
t&is tiques radiomt? triques et p ho tome tri-
ily6nmaqm MKO No 38 (TC-2.3), 1977 r.,
ques des matkiaux et leur mesure.
@omoruempurecKue xapaKmepucmuw Ma-
mepuanos u ux u3MepeweJ
1) At present in stage of draft.
1) Actuellement au stade de projet. 1) B tiacron~ee speMn B craflMM npoeKra.
2) OnyGnH KOBaHO Ha aHrJlMkKOM,
@PawY3-
CKOM M HeM euKOM fI3blKaX.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST ISO 5-1:1996
IS0 5/l-1984 (E/F/R)
MC0 5/l-1984 (A/@/P)
Dbfinitions
3 Definition of fluxes
incident: Adjectif designant le flux energetique atteignant la
influx: Adjective referring to the radiant flux incident on
31
surface d’un echantillon ou la Cenetre de champ.
the specimen surface or sampling aperture.
3.2 efflux: Adjective referring to the radiant flux emanating emergent: Adjectif designant le flux energetique emanant
from the specimen or sampling aperture and evaluated by the d’un echantillon ou de la fenetre de champ et evaI& par le
receiver. recepteur.
3.3 radiant flux, @: Time rate of flow of radiant energy. It is flux energetique, @: kergie rayonnee par unite de temps. II
est represente par le symbole @ affecte d’un indice qui identifie
denoted by the symbol @with a lower case subscript to identify
the particular flux. le flux particulier.
incident flux, Qi: Flux incident on the sampling aperture
34 flux incident, @ii Flux energetique atteignant la fenetre de
defining the specimen area on which the measurement is made. champ qui definit I’aire de I’echantillon sur laquelle la mesure
est effect&e.
3.5 absorbed flux, Sp,: Radiant flux absorbed by the flux absorb& 0,: Flux energetique absorbe par I’echantillon.
specimen.
Flux energetique reemis par I’echantilion
3.6 propagated flux, Qv: Radiant flux propagated by the flux reemis, Gv:
specimen in the directions and parts of the spectrum to be dans les directions et pour la partie du spectre que I’on utilisera
pour la mesure ou lors de I’utilisation. Le flux est reemis par
utilized in the measurement or application. Flux is propagated
by transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, transmission, par reflexion, diffraction, diffusion, fluorescence
fluorescence, or some combination of
...
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