SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for linear thermal expansion of monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique (ISO 17562:2016)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for linear thermal expansion of monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique (ISO 17562:2016)
ISO 17562:2016 specifies a method for the determination of the linear thermal expansion and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of monolithic ceramics from near liquid nitrogen temperature up to a maximum temperature of 2 000 °C.
Hochleistungskeramik - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der linearen Wärmeausdehnung von monolithischer Keramik mittels Schubstangen-Technik (ISO 17562:2016)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination du coefficient de dilatation thermique linéique des céramiques monolithiques par la méthode de la tige poussoir (ISO 17562:2016)
L'ISO 17562:2016 spécifie une méthode pour déterminer la dilatation thermique linéique, ainsi que le coefficient de dilatation thermique linéique, des céramiques monolithiques à des températures allant d'une température proche de celle de l'azote liquide à une température maximale de 2 000 °C.
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Preskusna metoda za določanje linearnega toplotnega raztezanja monolitne keramike z uporabo metode potisne palice (ISO 17562:2016)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
01-maj-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 821-1:2000
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Preskusna
metoda za določanje linearnega toplotnega raztezanja monolitne keramike z
uporabo metode potisne palice (ISO 17562:2016)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for
linear thermal expansion of monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique (ISO
17562:2016)
Hochleistungskeramik - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der linearen Wärmeausdehnung
von monolithischer Keramik mittels Schubstangen-Technik (ISO 17562:2016)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination du coefficient de dilatation thermique linéique
des céramiques monolithiques par la méthode de la tige poussoir (ISO 17562:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17562:2021
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
EN ISO 17562
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 821-1:1995
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Test method for linear thermal expansion of
monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique (ISO
17562:2016)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination du coefficient Hochleistungskeramik - Prüfverfahren zur
de dilatation thermique linéique des céramiques Bestimmung der linearen Wärmeausdehnung von
monolithiques par la méthode de la tige poussoir (ISO monolithischer Keramik mittels Schubstangen-Technik
17562:2016) (ISO 17562:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 February 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17562:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
EN ISO 17562:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
EN ISO 17562:2021 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 17562:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 "Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 17562:2021
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 821-1:1995.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17562:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17562:2021 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
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SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17562
Second edition
2016-05-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for linear thermal expansion
of monolithic ceramics by push-rod
technique
Céramiques techniques — Détermination du coefficient de dilatation
thermique linéique des céramiques monolithiques par la méthode de
la tige poussoir
Reference number
ISO 17562:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Specimens . 2
6.1 Test specimen . 2
6.2 Reference specimen . 3
7 Procedure. 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Procedure for a single-rod dilatometer . 3
7.3 Procedure for a differential type dilatometer . 4
8 Expected uncertainty level . 4
9 Calculation of results . 5
10 Calibration of apparatus . 5
10.1 General . 5
10.2 Calibration of the displacement measuring device . 6
10.3 Calibration of the temperature measuring device . 6
10.4 Measurement of base line variation . 6
11 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Reference data for thermal expansion . 7
Annex B (normative) Method for deriving Formulae (1) and (2) for use with a single-rod
type (or differential expansion type) instrument . 9
Annex C (informative) Suitable apparatus for the dilatometric measurement .11
Bibliography .13
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17562:2001), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17562:2016(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for linear thermal expansion of
monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the linear thermal expansion
and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of monolithic ceramics from near liquid nitrogen
temperature up to a maximum temperature of 2 000 °C.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment:
Micrometers for external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
IEC 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment —
Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristics
IEC 13385-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment —
Part 2: Calliper depth gauges; Design and metrological characteristics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
linear thermal expansion
between temperatures T and T is the ratio ΔL/L , where ΔL = (L – L ) and L = specimen length at
1 2 0 2 1 0
room temperature
Note 1 to entry: When the temperature has changed from T to T assume that the length of specimen changes
1 2,
from L to L .
1 2
3.2
mean linear thermal expansion coefficient
α
linear thermal expansion (3.1) divided by ΔT = (T – T ) to produce the quotient α =⋅ΔΔLL/( T)
2 1
0
3.3
instantaneous linear thermal expansion coefficient
α
value of α (3.2) at the limit of T → T
2 1
αα= lim
TT→
21
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
4 Principle
A specimen of known size is heated/cooled to a specific temperature at a controlled temperature
rate in a known atmosphere under a minimal load. During the heating and cooling, the length and the
temperature of the specimen are monitored. The change in dimension of the specimen across a given
temperature region is used to calculate a linear thermal expansion coefficient or an instantaneous
linear thermal expansion coefficient against temperature.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Micrometer callipers, in accordance with ISO 3611 or vernier callipers in accordance with
IEC 13385-1 and IEC 13385-2 for measuring the specimen length, L , to an uncertainty of 0,1 % at 20 °C,
0
(see ISO 3611:2010, Clause 2).
5.2 Displacement measuring device, for determining the specimen length change accompanying the
−5
temperature change having a sensitivity of 1 × 10 × L (see 6.1). The contact force of the push-rod to
0
the specimen shall be adjustable. Typical values for the contact force are between 0,1 N and 1 N.
5.3 Specimen support system, to ensure that the specimen is held firmly in position by a contact force
not exceeding 1 N [see Clause 7 c)], in order to maintain mechanical stability throughout measurement.
5.4 Heating or cooling device, having the capability of attaining a temperature homogeneity within
±2 °C below 1 000 °C and ±5 °C between 1 000 °C and 2 000 °C over the whole specimen length.
NOTE There is no device available that covers the full temperature range from near liquid nitrogen
temperature up to a maximum temperature of 2 000 °C. It is necessary to choose the equipment according the
required temperature range. Furnaces are available for different temperature ranges as from −150 °C to 1 000 °C
and from room temperature to 1 500 °C or to 2 000 °C.
Liquid nitrogen is the most practical coolant for the cooling device. To realize defined heating or cooling
rates, the furnace should be equipped with a cooling coil and a heating element. By means of the cooling
coil, a constant cooling can be achieved and by means of the heating element, defined heating or cooling
rates can be realized.
5.5 Temperature controlling device, to enable the temperature of the specimen to be controlled,
upon heating or cooling to 5 °C/min or preferably lower rate or step-wise temperature changes (see
[Clause 7 e)] over the whole measurement range.
5.6 Temperature measuring device, to allow the temperature of the specimen to be measured
with an uncertainty of less than 2 °C within the measurement range. A thermocouple of appropriate
type is usually used. Care shall be taken to ensure that the thermocouple tip is in close proximity to the
specimen.
The contact force of the push-rod to the specimen shall be adjustable between 0,1 N and 1 N.
6 Specimens
6.1 Test specimen
The shape and dimension of the test specimen usually depend on the type of specimen support
system. However, its shape is usually in the form of a square or circular rod. For the case of a square
rod, the width and thickness shall be approximately 5 mm. If a circular rod is being used, the diameter
5
shall be approximately 5 mm. In both cases, the length of the rod shall be at least 1 × 10 times the
sensitivity of the displacement measuring device (see 5.2) calculated as at least 10 mm in the case
of 0,1 μm sensitivity device. The end faces of the test specimen shall be appropriate to the design of
the measurement apparatus and should either be flat, parall
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
01-januar-2021
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Preskusna
metoda za določanje linearnega toplotnega raztezanja monolitne keramike z
uporabo metode potisne palice (ISO 17562:2016)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for
linear thermal expansion of monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique (ISO
17562:2016)
Hochleistungskeramik - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der linearen Wärmeausdehnung
von monolithischer Keramik mittels Schubstangen-Technik (ISO 17562:2016)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination du coefficient de dilatation thermique linéique
des céramiques monolithiques par la méthode de la tige poussoir (ISO 17562:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17562
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17562
Second edition
2016-05-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for linear thermal expansion
of monolithic ceramics by push-rod
technique
Céramiques techniques — Détermination du coefficient de dilatation
thermique linéique des céramiques monolithiques par la méthode de
la tige poussoir
Reference number
ISO 17562:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Specimens . 2
6.1 Test specimen . 2
6.2 Reference specimen . 3
7 Procedure. 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Procedure for a single-rod dilatometer . 3
7.3 Procedure for a differential type dilatometer . 4
8 Expected uncertainty level . 4
9 Calculation of results . 5
10 Calibration of apparatus . 5
10.1 General . 5
10.2 Calibration of the displacement measuring device . 6
10.3 Calibration of the temperature measuring device . 6
10.4 Measurement of base line variation . 6
11 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Reference data for thermal expansion . 7
Annex B (normative) Method for deriving Formulae (1) and (2) for use with a single-rod
type (or differential expansion type) instrument . 9
Annex C (informative) Suitable apparatus for the dilatometric measurement .11
Bibliography .13
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17562:2001), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17562:2016(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for linear thermal expansion of
monolithic ceramics by push-rod technique
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the linear thermal expansion
and the linear thermal expansion coefficient of monolithic ceramics from near liquid nitrogen
temperature up to a maximum temperature of 2 000 °C.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment:
Micrometers for external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
IEC 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment —
Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristics
IEC 13385-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment —
Part 2: Calliper depth gauges; Design and metrological characteristics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
linear thermal expansion
between temperatures T and T is the ratio ΔL/L , where ΔL = (L – L ) and L = specimen length at
1 2 0 2 1 0
room temperature
Note 1 to entry: When the temperature has changed from T to T assume that the length of specimen changes
1 2,
from L to L .
1 2
3.2
mean linear thermal expansion coefficient
α
linear thermal expansion (3.1) divided by ΔT = (T – T ) to produce the quotient α =⋅ΔΔLL/( T)
2 1
0
3.3
instantaneous linear thermal expansion coefficient
α
value of α (3.2) at the limit of T → T
2 1
αα= lim
TT→
21
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
4 Principle
A specimen of known size is heated/cooled to a specific temperature at a controlled temperature
rate in a known atmosphere under a minimal load. During the heating and cooling, the length and the
temperature of the specimen are monitored. The change in dimension of the specimen across a given
temperature region is used to calculate a linear thermal expansion coefficient or an instantaneous
linear thermal expansion coefficient against temperature.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Micrometer callipers, in accordance with ISO 3611 or vernier callipers in accordance with
IEC 13385-1 and IEC 13385-2 for measuring the specimen length, L , to an uncertainty of 0,1 % at 20 °C,
0
(see ISO 3611:2010, Clause 2).
5.2 Displacement measuring device, for determining the specimen length change accompanying the
−5
temperature change having a sensitivity of 1 × 10 × L (see 6.1). The contact force of the push-rod to
0
the specimen shall be adjustable. Typical values for the contact force are between 0,1 N and 1 N.
5.3 Specimen support system, to ensure that the specimen is held firmly in position by a contact force
not exceeding 1 N [see Clause 7 c)], in order to maintain mechanical stability throughout measurement.
5.4 Heating or cooling device, having the capability of attaining a temperature homogeneity within
±2 °C below 1 000 °C and ±5 °C between 1 000 °C and 2 000 °C over the whole specimen length.
NOTE There is no device available that covers the full temperature range from near liquid nitrogen
temperature up to a maximum temperature of 2 000 °C. It is necessary to choose the equipment according the
required temperature range. Furnaces are available for different temperature ranges as from −150 °C to 1 000 °C
and from room temperature to 1 500 °C or to 2 000 °C.
Liquid nitrogen is the most practical coolant for the cooling device. To realize defined heating or cooling
rates, the furnace should be equipped with a cooling coil and a heating element. By means of the cooling
coil, a constant cooling can be achieved and by means of the heating element, defined heating or cooling
rates can be realized.
5.5 Temperature controlling device, to enable the temperature of the specimen to be controlled,
upon heating or cooling to 5 °C/min or preferably lower rate or step-wise temperature changes (see
[Clause 7 e)] over the whole measurement range.
5.6 Temperature measuring device, to allow the temperature of the specimen to be measured
with an uncertainty of less than 2 °C within the measurement range. A thermocouple of appropriate
type is usually used. Care shall be taken to ensure that the thermocouple tip is in close proximity to the
specimen.
The contact force of the push-rod to the specimen shall be adjustable between 0,1 N and 1 N.
6 Specimens
6.1 Test specimen
The shape and dimension of the test specimen usually depend on the type of specimen support
system. However, its shape is usually in the form of a square or circular rod. For the case of a square
rod, the width and thickness shall be approximately 5 mm. If a circular rod is being used, the diameter
5
shall be approximately 5 mm. In both cases, the length of the rod shall be at least 1 × 10 times the
sensitivity of the displacement measuring device (see 5.2) calculated as at least 10 mm in the case
of 0,1 μm sensitivity device. The end faces of the test specimen shall be appropriate to the design of
the measurement apparatus and should either be flat, parallel and perpendicular to length or gently
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17562:2021
ISO 17562:2016(E)
rounded to provide localized contact with the test system to minimize off-axis movement. At least two
test specimens should be prepared.
6.2 Reference specimen
A reference specimen is used to obtain the calibration data to correct the measured change in length of
an unknown test specimen. α of the reference specimen shall be known over the test temperature
range. The correction to be applied to the unknown test specimen is obtained by calibration using a
reference specimen.
Reference specimens are usually prepared from materials with high purity (99,99 %;
crystallographically cubic and thus have isotropic thermal expansivity), pure crystalline alumina (at
3
least 99,8 % Al O , density >3,70 g/cm ), or fine-grained isotropic graphite as shown in Annex A. The
2 3
shape and the dimensions of the reference specimen shall be similar within ±0,2 mm to those of the
unknown test specimen.
Alumina is not a good reference because the thermal expansion characteristics can vary with source
because of crystallographic texturing from the process method used to manufacture it. Any test-pieces
used shall be independently certified. There are several varieties of fine-grained isotropic graphite
available from different suppliers. So, also graphite can only be used as a reference with certification of
the specific grade.
7 Procedure
7.1 General
Care should be taken to select push-rod and hold materials that will not react with the test specimen.
Reference to phase diagrams or similar technical literature is advised. If there is any indication of
remarkable reaction, the test results should be discarded.
7.2 Procedure for a single-rod dilatometer
a) Remove surface contamination and adherent debris from the surface of the test specimen. Using
the micrometer callipers (5.1), determine the length L of the test specimen to an accuracy of 0,1 %
0
or ±0,005 mm (whichever is smaller) at room
...
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