oSIST prEN ISO 22476-4:2008

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)

This European standard specifies requirements for indirect ground investigations of soil by borehole expansion tests within the scope of the geotechnical investigations and testing in accordance with ENV 1997. The purpose of this European standard is to eliminate as far as possible erroneous assessments of subsoil conditions as well as to limit scatter when repeating tests and improve reproducibility when undertaking borehole expansion testing.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4: Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)

Dieses Dokument behandelt im Zusammenhang mit Felduntersuchungen den Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard als Teil der geotechnischen Erkundung und Untersuchung nach EN 1997-1 und EN 1997-2.
Im vorliegenden Dokument wird das Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Pressiometerversuchs nach Ménard in natürlichen Böden, behandelten oder unbehandelten Aufschüttungen und sehr harten Böden oder Weichgestein, zur Anwendung entweder an Land oder vor der Küste, beschrieben.
Die Ergebnisse der Pressiometer Sondierung nach diesem Dokument sind gut für eine quantitative Bestimmung der Festigkeits  und Verformungsparameter von Boden geeignet. Die Ergebnisse der Pressiometer Sondierung können lithologische Informationen liefern. Sie können auch mit der direkten Erkundung (z. B. Probenahme nach EN ISO 22475 1) kombiniert oder mit weiteren In situ Versuchen verglichen werden (siehe EN 1997 2, 2.4.1.4 (2)P, 4.1 (1)P und 4.2.3 (2)P).
Der Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard erfolgt durch radiale Ausdehnung einer in den Baugrund einge¬brachten Messsonde aus drei Zellen (siehe Bild 1). Während des Einpressens des Flüssigkeitsvolumens in die Messsonde bewirkt das Aufdehnen der drei Zellen zunächst, dass der Außenmantel der Messsonde die Bohrlochwandung berührt, und übt dann einen Druck auf diese aus, was schließlich zu einer Verdrängung des Bodens führt. Der ausgeübte Druck und die damit zusammenhängende Volumenzunahme der Messsonde werden gemessen und aufgezeichnet, um das Verhältnis von Belastung und Verformung des Bodens im Untersuchungszustand zu ermitteln.
Diese Norm bezieht sich auf eine Sonde, die traditionell als 60 mm Messsonde der Bauart G beschrieben wird. Diese Norm gilt für auf 50 m begrenzte Versuchstiefen und einen auf 5 MPa begrenzten Versuchsdruck.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 4: Essai pressiométrique Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje na terenu - 4. del: Ugotavljanje z Ménardovim presimetrom (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 21-Apr-2008
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 02-Jun-2020
• Due Date: 07-Jun-2020
• Completion Date: 02-Jun-2020
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 22476-4 - Geotechnical engineering - Field testing - Borehole expansion tests

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-4:2008
01-april-2008
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHQDWHUHQXGHO
0HQDUGRYSUHVNXVEDURPHWUD,62',6
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Ménard pressuremeter test
(ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4:
Pressiometerversuch nach Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 4: Essai
pressiométrique Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22476-4
ICS:
93.020
oSIST prEN ISO 22476-4:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 22476-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2007
ICS

English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
- Partie 4: Essai pressiométrique Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476- Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4: Pressiometerversuch nach
4:2007) Ménard (ISO/DIS 22476-4:2007)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for second parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 22476-4:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN ISO 22476-4:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3

2

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prEN ISO 22476-4:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 22476-4:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
"Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This document is currently submitted to the second parallel Enquiry.
3

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22476-4.2
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2007-12-06 2008-02-06
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais en place —
Partie 4: Essai pressiométrique Ménard
ICS 93.020

ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
This draft International Standard is a draft standard developed within the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) and processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the
Vienna Agreement. The document has been transmitted by CEN to ISO for circulation for ISO member
body voting in parallel with CEN enquiry. Comments received from ISO member bodies, including those
from non-CEN members, will be considered by the appropriate CEN technical body. Should this DIS be
accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-
month FDIS vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2007

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ISO/DIS 22476-4.2
PDF disclaimer
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Violators may be prosecuted.
©
ii ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

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ISO/DIS 22476-4
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.3
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .3
3.1 Terms and definitions .3
3.2 Symbols.6
4 Equipment.9
4.1 Pressuremeter probe .11
4.2 Pressure and volume control unit (CU).14
4.3 Connecting lines.15
4.4 Injected liquid .15
4.5 Measurement and control.15
4.6 Data logger.15
5 Test procedure.16
5.1 Assembling the parts.16
5.2 Calibration and corrections (see B).16
5.3 Pressuremeter pocket and probe placing .16
5.4 Preparation for testing.17
5.5 Establishing the loading programme.17
5.6 Establishing the differential pressure.18
5.7 Expansion .19
5.8 Back-filling of the pockets.19
5.9 Safety requirements.19
6 Test results .20
6.1    Data sheet and field print-out.20
6.2 Corrected pressuremeter curve.21
6.3 Calculated results.22
7 Reporting.22
7.1 General .22
7.2 Field report.22
7.3 Test report.22
Annex A (normative) Geometrical features of pressuremeter probes .25
A.1 Geometrical specifications for probes.25
A.2 Selecting pressuremeter probe and components .26
Annex B (normative) Calibration and corrections.28
B.1 Measuring devices .28
B.2 Pressure loss of central measuring cell membranes.28
B.3 Checking measuring devices at site .29
B.4 Reading corrections.29
Annex C (normative) Placing the pressuremeter probe in the ground.36
C.1 General considerations.36
C.2 Probe placement techniques without soil displacement .38
C.3 Probe placing with soil displacement: driven slotted tube (DST).40
Annex D (normative) Obtaining pressuremeter parameters .45
D.1 Obtaining a corrected pressuremeter curve .45
D.2 Assessing the quality of the pressuremeter test .47
D.3 Pressuremeter creep pressure .49
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
D.4 Pressuremeter limit pressure. 50
D.5 Obtaining the Ménard pressuremeter modulus. 51
D.6 Final check on pressuremeter parameters . 53
Annex E (informative) Resolution, uncertainties and effects on results. 54
E.1 Resolution of the measuring devices. 54
E.2 Uncertainties of the measurements. 54
Annex F (informative) Typical Forms . 56
Bibliography. 59

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ISO/DIS 22476-4
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
EN ISO 22476-4 was prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing
and by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, in collaboration.
EN ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing:
⎯ Part 1: Electrical cone penetration tests
⎯ Part 2: Dynamic probing
⎯ Part 3: Standard penetration test
⎯ Part 4:Menard pressuremeter test
⎯ Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
⎯ Part 6: Self-boring pressuremeter test
⎯ Part 7: Borehole jack test
⎯ Part 8: Full displacement pressuremeter test
⎯ Part 9: Field vane test
⎯ Part 10: Weight sounding test
⎯ Part 11: Flat dilatometer test
⎯ Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test
⎯ Part 13: Plate loading test
⎯ Part 14: Phicometer test
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ISO/DIS 22476-4

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 4:
Ménard pressuremeter test
1 Scope
This document deals with field testing using the Ménard pressuremeter test as part of geotechnical
investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
The present document describes the procedure for conducting a Ménard pressuremeter test in natural soils,
treated or untreated fills and in very hard soils, or soft rocks, either on land or off-shore.
The pressuremeter sounding results of this document are well suited to a quantitative determination of soil
strength and deformation parameters. Pressuremeters sounding results can yield lithological information.
They can also be combined with direct investigation (e;g; sampling according to EN ISO 22475-1) or
compared with other in situ tests (see EN 1997-2, 2.4.1.4(2) P, 4.1 (1) P and 4.2.3(2) P).
The Ménard pressuremeter test is performed by the radial expansion of a tricell probe placed in the ground
(see Figure 1). During the injection of the liquid volume in the probe, the inflation of the three cells first brings
the outer cover of the probe into contact with the borehole walls and then presses on them resulting in a soil
displacement. Pressure applied to, and the associated volume expansion of the probe are measured and
recorded so as to obtain the stress-strain relationship of the soil as tested.
This Standard refers to a probe historically described as the 60 mm G type probe. This standard applies to
test depths limited to 50 m and test pressure limited to 5 MPa.
NOTE 1  In the following instances: Ménard pressuremeter tests carried out at pressures above 5 MPa, Ménard
pressuremeter tests at depths exceeding 50m, Ménard pressuremeter tests carried out with E type probes, Full
displacement pressuremeter tests, the test procedures and the test interpretations are not necessarily covered by
this standard.

NOTE 2 Ménard pressuremeter tests can be carried out with other diameter probes such as 44 mm and 76 mm probes.
NOTE 3 Ménard pressuremeter tests can be carried out with a pressure exceeding 5 MPa or at a depth exceeding
50 m. However the corresponding test procedure and test interpretation are not covered by this standard.
Two alternative methods of measurement are provided as follows:
⎯ procedure A: data is recorded manually;
⎯ procedure B: data is recorded automatically.

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ISO/DIS 22476-4
Key
1 Ground surface                                                  A – A axial section
2 Ground
3 Borehole                                                         B - B cross section
4 Expanding pressuremeter probe
Figure 1 — Principle of a pressuremeter test
2
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Ground investigation and testing – Part 1: General rules.
EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Ground investigation and testing – Part 2: Design assisted by laboratory and field
testing.
ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
EN ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – identification and classification of soil – Part 1:
identification and description.
EN ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – identification and classification of rock – Part 1:
identification and description.
EN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – Sampling by drilling and excavationand ground
water measurements – Part 1: Technical principles for execution.
EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and
measuring equipment
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1.1
pressuremeter
the whole equipment which is used to carry out a Ménard pressuremeter test, excluding the means .
necessary to place the pressuremeter probe into the ground
A pressuremeter includes a pressuremeter probe, a pressure and volume control unit, called CU, lines to
connect the probe to the CU and in the case of procedure B, a data logger which is either built into the CU or
linked to it.
3.1.2 pressuremeter test pocket
A circular cylindrical cavity formed in the soil to receive a pressuremeter probe. The primary concern shall be
the quality of the pocket wall obtained, using the methods described in Annex C.
3.1.3pressuremeter borehole
a borehole in which cylindrical pockets with circular cross sections are made in the ground, and into which the
pressuremeter probe is to be placed.
3.1.4
pressuremeter test
the process during which a cylindrical probe is inflated in the ground and the resulting cavity expansion is
measured by volume as a function of time and pressure increments according to a defined programme (see
Figure 4)
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
3.1.5
pressuremeter sounding
the whole series of sequential operations necessary to perform Ménard pressuremeter testing at a given
location: i.e. forming pressuremeter pockets and performing pressuremeter tests in them
3.1.6
pressuremeter pressure reading p
r
the pressure p as read at the CU elevation in the liquid circuit supplying the central measuring cell
r

3.1.7
pressure loss
the pressure loss is the difference between the pressure inside the probe and the pressure applied to the
pocket wall.


3.1.8
volume loss
the volume loss is the difference between the volume actually injected into the probe and the volume read on
the measuring device.


3.1.9
raw pressuremeter curve
the raw pressuremeter curve is the graphical plot of the injected volumes recorded at time 60 s, V , versus
60
the applied pressure at each pressure hold, p
r
3.1.10
corrected pressuremeter curve
the corrected pressuremeter curve is the graphical plot of the corrected volume V versus the corrected
pressure p (see Figure 5)
3.1.11
Ménard creep
Ménard creep is defined as the difference in volumes recorded at 60 s and at 30 s at each pressure
hold: V – V = ∆V
60 30 60/30
3.1.10
corrected Ménard creep curve
a graphical plot of the corrected Ménard creep versus the corrected applied pressure at each pressure hold
,
(see Figure 5)
3.1.11
pressuremeter log
a graphical report of the results of the pressuremeter tests performed at a succession of depths in the same
pressuremeter borehole, together with all the information gathered during the drilling (see Figure 7)
3.1.12
Ménard pressuremeter modulus E
M
E-modulus obtained from the section between (p V ) and (p V ) of the pressuremeter curve (see Figure 5
, ,
1 1 2 2
and Annex D).
3.1.13
pressuremeter limit pressure p
LM
by convention pressure at which the pressuremeter cavity has doubled its original volume, see Annex D
3.1.14
pressuremeter creep pressure p
f
a pressure derived from the creep curve, as in Annex D
4
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
3.1.15
operator
the qualified person who carries out the test
3.1.16
casing
lengths of tubing inserted into a borehole to prevent the hole caving in or to prevent the loss of flushing
medium to the surrounding formation
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this standard, the following symbols apply:
Table 1 — Symbols
Description Unit
Symbol
3
Apparatus volume loss coefficient
a
cm /MPa
d Outside diameter of the inner part of the probe with slotted tube Mm
ci
Inside diameter of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration Mm
d
i
Outside diameter of the central measuring cell, including any additional Mm
d
c
protection such as a slotted tube


Drilling tool diameter Mm
d
t
Wall thickness of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration Mm
e
Length of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration Mm
l
p
Length of each guard cell Mm
l
g
l Length of each guard cell for a short central measuring cell pressuremeter Mm
gs
probe
l Length of each guard cell for a long central measuring cell pressuremeter probe Mm
gl
Length along the tube axis of the slotted section of the slotted tube Mm
l
m
Length of the central measuring cell of the probe, measured after fitting the Mm
l
c
membrane
l Length of the short central measuring cell after fitting the membrane Mm
cs
l Length of the long central measuring cell after fitting the membrane Mm
cl
3
Minimum value, strictly positive, of the m slopes
m i
cm /MPa
E
3
Slope of the corrected pressuremeter curve between the two points with
m
cm /MPa
i
coordinates (p , V ) and (p , V ).
i-1 i-1 i i
Pressure applied to the ground after correction MPa
p
Correction for membrane stiffness usually called pressure loss of the probe MPa
p
e
Pressure at the origin of the segment exhibiting the slope m MPa
p E
E
p Ultimate pressure loss of the probe MPa
el
Pressuremeter creep pressure MPa
p
f
Gas pressure applied by the control unit indicator to the guard cells of the MPa
p
g
pressuremeter probe
Hydrostatic pressure between the control unit indicator and the central MPa
p
h
measuring cell of the pressuremeter probe
p Gas pressure in the guard cells of the pressuremeter probe MPa
k
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPa
LM
To be continued )
6
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ISO/DIS 22476-4
Table 1 (continued)
Description Unit
Symbol
Ménard nett pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPa
p *
LM
Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the hyperbolic best fit MPa
p
LMH
method
Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the double hyperbolic MPa
p
LMDH
method
p Ménard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the reciprocal curve MPa
LMR
method
p Pressure loss of the central measuring cell membrane for a specific expansion. MPa
m
Pressure reading at the CU transducer elevation in the central measuring cell MPa
p
r
liquid circuit
Liquid pressure in the central measuring cell of the pressuremeter probe MPa
p
c
Target pressure according to loading program MPa
p
t
p Corrected pressure at the origin of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range MPa
1
Corrected pressure at the end of the pressuremeter modulus pressure range MPa
p
2
Time s
t
Time required for incrementing to the next pressure hold s
t
i
t Time the loading pressure level is held s
h
Pore water pressure in the ground at the depth of the test MPa
u
s
z Elevation, positiv
...