SIST EN 14212:2005
(Main)Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of sulphur dioxide by ultraviolet fluorescence
Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of sulphur dioxide by ultraviolet fluorescence
This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet fluorescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 sulphur dioxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1 0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 of SO2 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 376 nmol/mol of SO2.
NOTE 2 Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.
Luftqualität - Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Schwefeldioxid mit Ultraviolett-Fluoreszenz
Dieses Dokument legt ein kontinuierliches Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Schwefeldioxid in Luft nach dem Ultraviolett-Fluoreszenz-Messprinzip fest. Dieses Dokument gibt die Leistungskenngrößen an und legt die relevanten Mindestanforderungen für die Eignungsprüfung von Ultraviolett-Fluoreszenz-Messgeräten fest. Es schließt auch die Bewertung der Eignung eines Messgeräts zur Anwendung an einer spezifischen Messstelle im Hinblick auf die Datenqualitätsanforderungen der EU-Richtlinien ein und enthält Anforderungen für die Probenahme, Kalibrierung und Qualitätssicherung bei der Anwendung.
Das Verfahren ist anwendbar zur Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von Schwefeldioxid in Luft im Bereich von 0 µg/m3 bis 1000 µg/m3. Dieser Konzentrationsbereich entspricht dem Zertifizierungsbereich für die Eignungsprüfung.
ANMERKUNG 1 0 µg/m3 bis 1000 µg/m3 SO2 entspricht 0 nmol/mol bis 376 nmol/mol SO2.
ANMERKUNG 2 Kleinere Bereiche können für Messsysteme an ländlichen Standorten zur Überwachung von Ökosystemen verwendet werden.
Das Verfahren umfasst die Bestimmung der Konzentration von Schwefeldioxid in Gebieten, die als ländliche Gebiete, Gebiete mit städtischem Hintergrund und verkehrsbezogene Standorte klassifiziert sind.
Die Ergebnisse werden in µg/m3 (bei 293 K und 101,3 kPa) angegeben.
Wenn diese Norm für andere als in der EU-Richtlinie festgelegte Zwecke eingesetzt wird, müssen die Anforderungen hinsichtlich Anwendungsbereich und Unsicherheit nicht gestellt werden.
Qualité de l'air ambiant - Méthode normalisée pour le mesurage de la concentration de soufre par fluorescence U.V.
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de mesurage en continu pour la détermination de la concentration en dioxyde de soufre (SO2) dans l'air ambiant, selon le principe de mesure par fluorescence U.V. Le présent document décrit les caractéristiques de performance et fixe les criteres minimums requis pour sélectionner un analyseur par fluorescence U.V. a l'aide d'essais d'approbation de type. Il présente également l'évaluation de l'aptitude a l'emploi d'un analyseur sur un site fixe spécifique de maniere a répondre aux exigences de qualité des données prescrites dans les Directives ainsi qu'aux exigences a observer au cours du prélevement, de l'étalonnage et de l'assurance qualité.
La méthode s'applique a la détermination de la concentration massique en SO2 présent dans l'air ambiant dans une plage de concentration en SO2 comprise entre 0 mg/m3 et 1 000 mg/m3. Cette plage de concentration représente l'étendue de mesure certifiée pour l'essai d'approbation de type.
NOTE 1 La plage comprise entre 0 mg/m3 et 1 000 mg/m3 de SO2 correspond a la plage de 0 nmol/mol a 376 nmol/mol de SO2.
NOTE 2 Des plages inférieures peuvent etre utilisées pour les systemes de mesure appliqués aux zones rurales contrôlant des écosystemes.
La méthode couvre la détermination des concentrations en SO2 présent dans l'air ambiant dans les zones classées comme zones rurales, périurbaines et proches d'axes de circulation automobile.
Les résultats sont exprimés en mg/m3 (a 293 K et 101,3 kPa).
Lorsque la norme est utilisée a d'autres fins que la Directive UE, les exigences relatives a la plage et a l'incertitude peuvent ne pas etre appliquées.
Kakovost zunanjega zraka – Standardna metoda za določanje koncentracije žveplovega dioksida z ultravijolično fluorescenco
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14212:2005
01-september-2005
.DNRYRVW]XQDQMHJD]UDND±6WDQGDUGQDPHWRGD]DGRORþDQMHNRQFHQWUDFLMH
åYHSORYHJDGLRNVLGD]XOWUDYLMROLþQRIOXRUHVFHQFR
Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of
sulphur dioxide by ultraviolet fluorescence
Luftqualität - Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Schwefeldioxid mit
Ultraviolett-Fluoreszenz
Qualité de l'air ambiant - Méthode normalisée pour le mesurage de la concentration de
soufre par fluorescence U.V.
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14212:2005
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
SIST EN 14212:2005 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14212:2005
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SIST EN 14212:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14212
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2005
ICS 13.040.20
English version
Ambient air quality - Standard method for the measurement of
the concentration of sulphur dioxide by ultraviolet fluorescence
Qualité de l'air ambiant - Méthode normalisée pour le Luftqualität - Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der
mesurage de la concentration de SO2 par fluorescence UV Konzentration von Schwefeldioxid mit Ultraviolett-
Fluoreszenz
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 December 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14212:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14212:2005
EN 14212:2005 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .9
5 Principle.12
5.1 General.12
5.2 Measuring principle.13
5.3 Type approval test .14
6 Sampling equipment .14
6.1 General.14
6.2 Sampling location.14
6.3 Sample inlet and sampling line .14
6.4 Particulate filter.15
6.5 Control and regulation of sample flow rate .15
6.6 Sampling pump for the manifold.15
7 Analyser equipment .16
7.1 General.16
7.2 Selective traps for interfering agents .16
7.3 Optical assembly .16
7.4 Pressure measurement .16
7.5 Flow rate indicator.16
7.6 Sampling pump for the analyser.17
7.7 Internal span source.17
8 Type approval of sulphur dioxide UV fluorescence analysers .17
8.1 General.17
8.2 Relevant performance characteristics and performance criteria .17
8.3 Design changes .19
8.4 Procedures for determination of the performance characteristics during the laboratory test .19
8.5 Determination of the performance characteristics during the field test.30
8.6 Expanded uncertainty calculation for type approval.33
9 Field operation and ongoing quality control .34
9.1 General.34
9.2 Suitability evaluation.34
9.3 Initial installation.36
9.4 Ongoing quality control .36
9.5 Calibration of the analyser.38
9.6 Checks .38
9.7 Maintenance .41
9.8 Data handling and data reports.42
10 Expression of results .42
11 Test reports and documentation.42
11.1 Type approval test .42
11.2 Field operation .42
2
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Annex A (normative) Calculation of lack of fit.44
Annex B (informative) Sampling equipment.46
Annex C (informative) Sampling on micro-scale [2] .48
Annex D (informative) Schematic diagram of a fluorescence analyser.49
Annex E (informative) Manifold testing equipment .50
Annex F (normative) Type approval .51
Annex G (normative) Calculation of uncertainty in field operation at the hourly limit value .73
Annex H (normative) Calculation of uncertainty in field operation at the annual limit value.86
Bibliography.103
3
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SIST EN 14212:2005
EN 14212:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14212:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by September 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
4
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EN 14212:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of sulphur
dioxide present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle. This document describes
the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet
fluorescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an
analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements
during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air
3 3
from 0 µg/m to 1 000 µg/m sulphur dioxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the
type approval test.
3 3
NOTE 1 0 µg/m to 1 000 µg/m of SO corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 376 nmol/mol of SO .
2 2
NOTE 2 Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in zones classified as rural
areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
3
The results are expressed in µg/m (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need
not apply.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a
required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)
ISO 6142, Gas analysis — Preparation of calibration gas mixtures — Gravimetric method
ISO 6143, Gas analysis — Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas
mixtures
ISO 6144, Gas analysis — Preparation of calibration gas mixtures — Static volumetric method
ISO 6145 (all parts), Gas analysis — Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods
5
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ambient air
)
1
outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplace air
3.2
sample gas temperature
temperature at the sample inlet outside the monitoring station
3.3
availability of the analyser
fraction of the total time period for which usually valid measuring data of the ambient air concentration is available
from an analyser
3.4
calibration
comparison of the analyser response to a known gas concentration with a known uncertainty
3.5
certification range
concentration range for which the analyser is type approved
3.6
combined standard uncertainty
calculation result of combining the uncertainties determined from all performance characteristics specified in this
document according to the prescribed procedures given in this document
3.7
coverage factor
numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded
uncertainty
3.8
designated body
body which has been designated for a specific task (type approval tests and/or QA/QC activities in the field) by the
competent authority in the Member States
NOTE It is recommended that the designated body is accredited for the specific task according to EN –ISO/IEC 17025.
3.9
expanded uncertainty
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction
of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
NOTE For the purpose of this document the expanded uncertainty is the combined standard uncertainty multiplied by a
coverage factor k = 2 resulting in an interval with a level of confidence of 95 %
3.10
fall time
difference between the response time (fall) and the lag time (fall)
)
1
As stated in the relevant EU legislation.
6
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3.11
independent measurement
individual measurement that is not influenced by a previous individual measurement by separating two individual
measurements by at least four response times
3.12
individual measurement
measurement averaged over a time period equal to the response time of the analyser
3.13
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement (VIM 2.7), either an interferent
influence quantity (i.e. the concentration of a substance in the air under investigation that is not the measurand), or
an external influence quantity (i.e. a quantity that is not the measurand nor the concentration of a substance in the
air mass under investigation)
NOTE Examples are:
presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix (interferent influence quantity);
temperature of the surrounding air (external influence quantity);
atmospheric pressure (external influence quantity);
pressure of the gas sample (external influence quantity).
3.14
interference
response of the analyser to interferents
3.15
interferent
component of the air sample, excluding the measured constituent, that effects the output signal
3.16
lack of fit
maximum deviation of the average of a series of measurements at the same concentration from the linear
regression line
3.17
lag time
time interval from the instant at which a step change of sample concentration occurs at the inlet of the analyser to
the instant at which the output reading reaches a level corresponding to 10 % of the stable output reading
3.18
lag time (fall)
lag time for a negative step change
3.19
lag time (rise)
lag time for a positive step change
3.20
limit value
level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on
human health and/or the environment as a whole, to be attained within a given period and not to be exceeded once
attained
3.21
long-term drift
difference between zero or span readings over a determined period of time (e.g. period of unattended operation)
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3.22
monitoring station
enclosure located in the field in which an SO analyser has been installed in such a way that its performance and
2
operation comply with the prescribed requirements
3.23
parallel measurement
two measurements from different analysers, sampling from one and the same sampling manifiold starting at the
same time and ending at the same time
3.24
performance characteristic
one of the parameters assigned to equipment in order to define its performance
3.25
performance criterion
limiting quantitative numerical value assigned to a performance characteristic, to which conformance is tested
3.26
period of unattended operation
time period over which the drift is within the performance criterion for long-term drift
3.27
repeatability (of results of measurement)
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive individual measurements of the same measurand
carried out under the same conditions of measurement [1]
NOTE These conditions are called laboratory repeatability conditions and include:
- the same measurement procedure;
- - the same observer ;
- the same analyser, used under the same conditions;
- at the same location;
. - repetition over a short period of time.
3.28
reproducibility under field conditions
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements with two analysers in ambient air
carried out under the same conditions of measurement
NOTE 1 These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include:
- the same measurement procedure;
- two identical analysers, used under the same conditions;
- at the same monitoring station;
- the period of unattended operation.
NOTE 2 In this document the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %
3.29
response time
time interval from the instant at which a step change of sample concentration occurs at the inlet of the analyser to
the instant at which the output reading reaches a level corresponding to 90 % of the stable output reading
3.30
response time (fall)
response time to a negative step change
NOTE The response time (fall) is the sum of the lag time (fall) and the fall time.
3.31
response time (rise)
response time to a positive step change
8
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NOTE The response time (rise) is the sum of the lag time (rise) and the rise time.
3.32
rise time
difference between the response time (rise) and the lag time (rise)
3.33
sampled air
ambient air that has been sampled through the sampling inlet and sampling system
3.34
sampling inlet
entrance to the sampling system where ambient air is collected from the atmosphere
3.35
short-term drift
difference between zero or span readings at the beginning and end of a 12 h period
3.36
standard uncertainty
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
[ENV 13005]
3.37
surrounding temperature
temperature of the air directly surrounding the analyser (temperature inside the monitoring station or laboratory)
3.38
type approval
decision taken by a designated body that the pattern of an analyser conforms to the requirements as laid down in
this document
3.39
type approval test
examination of two or more analysers of the same pattern which are submitted by a manufacturer to a designated
body including the tests necessary for approval of the pattern
3.40
uncertainty (of measurement)
parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values that could
be attributed to the measureand
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply.
A availability of the analyser;
a
av average concentration of the measurand during the field test;
b sensitivity coefficient of the analyser to sample gas pressure change;
gp
b sensitivity coefficient of the analyser to sample gas temperature change;
gt
b sensitivity coefficient of the analyser to surrounding air temperature change;
st
b sensitivity coefficient of the analyser to electrical voltage change;
V
9
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C SO concentration of the applied gas;
2
C average concentration of the measurements at sampling gas pressure P
P1 1;
C average concentration of the measurements at sampling gas pressure P
P2 2;
C concentration of the reference standard;
R
C concentration of site standard;
s
C average concentration of the measurements at span level at the beginning of the drift period;
s,1
C average concentration of the measurements at span level at the end of the drift period;
s,2
c test gas concentration;
t
C average concentration of the measurements at sample gas temperature T ;
T1 1
C average concentration of the measurements at sample gas temperature T ;
T2 2
C average concentration reading of the measurements at voltage V ;
V1 1
C average concentration reading of the measurements at voltage V ;
V2 2
C average concentration of the measurements at zero at the beginning of the drift period;
z,1
C average concentration of the measurements at zero at the end of the drift period;
z,2
av
average of at least four independent measurements during the constant concentration period (t );
c
C
const
av
average of at least four independent measurements during the variable concentration period (t );
v
C
var
average difference of parallel measurements;
d
f
d the ith difference in a parallel measurement;
f,i
D long-term drift at span concentration c ;
l,s t
D long-term drift at zero;
l,z
D short-term drift at span level;
s,s
D short-term drift at zero;
s,z
e
D difference sample/calibration port ;
sc
E sample system collection efficiency;
ss
F response factor in concentration units per voltage output of the analyser;
r
P sampling gas pressure P ;
1 1
P sampling gas pressure P ;
2 2
R mean analyser response to the test gas directly sampled by the analyser;
d
r reproducibility under field conditions;
f
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r absolute reproducibility in the field;
f,abs
r repeatability standard deviation;
i
r repeatability at concentration c ;
l,ct t
r repeatability at zero;
l,z
R mean analyser response to the test gas via the sample manifold;
m
s repeatability standard deviation at zero;
r,z
s repeatability standard deviation at concentration c ;
r,ct t
s reproducibility standard deviation under field conditions;
r,f
s repeatability standard deviation;
l
T surrounding air temperature;
T sample gas temperature T ;
1 1
T sample gas temperature T ;
2 2
t relative difference between response time (rise) and response time (fall);
d
t response time (fall);
f
T surrounding air temperature at the laboratory (K);
l
t two-sided Students t-factor at a confidence level of 0,05, with n-1 degrees of freedom;
n-1, 0,05
t response time (rise);
r
t time period of the field test minus the time for calibration, conditioning and maintenance;
t
t total time period with validated measuring data;
u
t whole number of t and t pairs;
V S02 zero
V minimum voltage V (V) specified by the manufacturer;
1 min
V maximum voltage V (V) specified by the manufacturer;
2 max
V voltage obtained when the reference standard is injected;
r
V voltage obtained when the site standard is injected;
s
V voltage obtained when zero gas is injected;
z
average of measurements;
x
x first average of the measurements at T just after calibration;
1 l
x average of the measurements at zero;
z
x second average of the measurements at T just before calibration;
2 l
x average of the measurements at concentration c (µmol/mol);
ct t
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X averaging effect;
av
x average of the measurements using the calibration port;
c
X influence quantity of H O with concentration 19 mmol/mol;
H2O,z,ct 2
X influence quantity of H S with concentration 10 nmol/mol;
H2S,z,ct 2
x the ith measurement;
i
influence quantity of the interferent at concentration c (µmol/mol);
X
t
int,ct
X influence quantity of the interferent at zero (µmol/mol);
int,z
X lack of fit (largest residual from the linear regression function);
l
X influence quantity of NH with concentration 10 nmol/mol;
NH3,z,ct 3
X influence quantity of NO with concentration 500 nmol/mol;
NO,z,ct
X influence quantity of NO with concentration 200 nmol/mol;
NO2,z,ct 2
X influence quantity of sampling gas pressure;
Psg
x
average of the measurements using the sample port (µmol/mol);
s
X difference between the readings of two consecutive span checks;
s
x average of the measurements at T or T ;
T min max
X influence quantity of m-xylene with concentration 1 µmol/mol;
xl,z,ct
X difference between the readings of the recent zero check and the most recent calibration;
z
(x ) the ith measurement result of analyser 1, mathematically corrected for zero and span drift;
1,f i
(x ) the ith measurement result of analyser 2 at the same time as the measurement of analyser 1,
2,f i
mathematically corrected for zero and span drift;
Z reading of the first zero check;
1
Z reading of the second zero check;
2
∆P measured pressure drop induced by the manifold pump;
m
∆R change in the analyser’s response due to the influence of the pressure drop induced by the manifold
a
pump, expressed as a percentage;
5 Principle
5.1 General
This document describes the method for measurement of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in ambient air by
means of ultraviolet fluorescence. The requirements, the specific components of the ultraviolet fluorescence
analyser and its sampling system are described. A number of performance characteristics with associated
minimum performance criteria are given for the analyser. The actual values of these performance characteristics for
a specific type of analyser shall be determined in a so-called type approval test for which procedures have been
described. The type approval test comprises a laboratory and a field test. The selection of a type approved
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EN 14212:2005 (E)
analyser for a specific measuring task in the field is based on the calculation of the combined expanded uncertainty
of the measurement method. In this combined expanded uncertainty calculation the actual values of the various
performance characteristics of a type approved analyser and the site-specific conditions at the monitoring station
are taken into account. The combined expanded uncertainty of the method shall meet the requirements of the EU
legislation. Requirements and recommendations for quality assurance and quality control are given for the
measurements in the field (see 9.4).
5.2 Measuring principle
UV (ultraviolet) fluorescence is based on the emission of light by SO molecules excited
...
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