SIST EN 60034-22:2010
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven generating sets (IEC 60034-22:2009)
Rotating electrical machines - Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven generating sets (IEC 60034-22:2009)
This part of IEC 60034 establishes the principal characteristics of a.c. generators under the control of their voltage regulators when used for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven generating set applications and supplements the requirements given in IEC 60034-1. It covers the use of such generators for land and marine use, but excludes generating sets used on aircraft or used to propel land vehicles and locomotives.
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 22: Wechselstromgeneratoren für Stromerzeugungsaggregate mit Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren (IEC 60034-22:2009)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 22: Génératrices à courant alternatif pour groupes électrogènes entraînés par un moteur à combustion interne (CEI 60034-22:2009)
La CEI 60034-22:2009 établit les principales caractéristiques des génératrices à courant alternatif, équipées de leurs régulateurs de tension et utilisées pour des groupes électrogènes entraînés par un moteur à combustion interne; elle complète les exigences données dans la CEI 60034-1. Elle couvre les applications terrestres et marines de telles génératrices, mais exclut les groupes électrogènes utilisés à bord des aéronefs ou pour la propulsion de véhicules terrestres et de locomotives. Les changements les plus importants par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivants: - modifications des définitions, - révision du tableau 1 et de l'annexe.
Električni rotacijski stroji - 22. del: Izmenični generatorji za generatorske sklope, ki jih poganjajo batni stroji z notranjim zgorevanjem (IEC 60034-22:2009)
Ta del IEC 60034 vzpostavlja glavne značilnosti izmeničnih generatorjev pod nadzorom njihovih napetostnih regulatorjev, kadar se uporabljajo pri delovanju generatorskega sklopa, ki ga poganjajo batni stroji z notranjim zgorevanjem, in dopolnjuje zahteve, podane v IEC 60034-1. Zajema uporabo takih generatorjev za kopensko in pomorsko uporabo, vendar izvzema generatorske sklope, uporabljene v letalih ali uporabljene za pogon kopenskih vozil in lokomotiv.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60034-22:2010
01-februar-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60034-22:1999
(OHNWULþQLURWDFLMVNLVWURMLGHO ,]PHQLþQLJHQHUDWRUML]DJHQHUDWRUVNHVNORSHNL
MLKSRJDQMDMREDWQLVWURML]QRWUDQMLP]JRUHYDQMHP ,(&
Rotating electrical machines - Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal
combustion (RIC) engine driven generating sets (IEC 60034-22:2009)
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 22: Wechselstromgeneratoren für
Stromerzeugungsaggregate mit Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren (IEC 60034-22:2009)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 22: Génératrices à courant alternatif pour
groupes électrogènes entraînés par un moteur à combustion interne (CEI 60034-
22:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60034-22:2009
ICS:
27.020 Motorji z notranjim Internal combustion engines
zgorevanjem
29.160.40 (OHNWULþQLDJUHJDWL Generating sets
SIST EN 60034-22:2010 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60034-22
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2009
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.160 Supersedes EN 60034-22:1997
English version
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC)
engine driven generating sets
(IEC 60034-22:2009)
Machines électriques tournantes - Drehende elektrische Maschinen -
Partie 22: Génératrices à courant alternatif Teil 22: Wechselstromgeneratoren
pour groupes électrogènes für Stromerzeugungsaggregate
entraînés par un moteur mit Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren
à combustion interne (IEC 60034-22:2009)
(CEI 60034-22:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2009-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2009 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60034-22:2009 E
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
EN 60034-22:2009 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 2/1568/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60034-22, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating
machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60034-22 on 2009-11-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60034-22:1997.
The technical changes with regard to EN 60034-22:1997 include:
– Clause 2: The standards which were not referenced in the text have been deleted.
– Clause 3: Technical and editorial changes to many of the definitions have been made.
– Clause 4: In the NOTE, the quantity T has been replaced by TL.
L
– Clause 7: Technical and editorial changes to many clauses have been made.
– Clause 9: Table 1 has been revised.
– Annex A: This annex has been revised.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2010-08-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2012-11-01
Annex ZA have been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-22:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60027-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60027-1:2006 (not modified).
IEC 60027-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60027-4:2007 (not modified).
IEC 60034-26 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60034-26:2006 (not modified).
__________
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
- 3 - EN 60034-22:2009
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60034-1 2004 Rotating electrical machines - EN 60034-1 2004
Part 1: Rating and performance
1) 2)
IEC 60085 - Electrical insulation - EN 60085 2008
Thermal evaluation and designation
1) 2)
CISPR 11 (mod) - Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - EN 55011 2009
Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
IEC 60034-22
®
Edition 2.0 2009-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven
generating sets
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 22: Génératrices à courant alternatif pour groupes électrogènes entraînés
par un moteur à combustion interne
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
R
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 2-8318-1065-4
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
– 2 – 60034-22 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Rating.9
5 Limits of temperature and temperature rise .10
5.1 Base continuous rating .10
5.2 Peak continuous rating .10
6 Parallel operation.10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Effect of electromechanical vibration and its frequency.11
7 Special load conditions .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Unbalanced load current .11
7.3 Sustained short-circuit current (see also 8.3) .11
7.4 Occasional excess current capability.11
7.5 Total harmonic distortion (THD) .11
7.6 Radio interference suppression.12
8 Asynchronous generators with excitation equipment.12
8.1 General .12
8.2 Rated speed and rated slip .12
8.3 Sustained short-circuit current .12
8.4 Range of voltage setting (see also 3.9) .12
8.5 Parallel operation (see also Clause 6).12
9 Operating limit values .12
10 Rating plate .13
Annex A (informative) AC generator transient voltage characteristic following a sudden
change in load .15
Bibliography .20
Figure A.1 – Generator transient voltage versus time for sudden load application and
removal: r.m.s. voltage versus time .17
Figure A.2 – Generator transient voltage versus time for sudden load applications:
instantaneous voltage versus time.18
Figure A.3 – Performance curves (step loading) (cos φ ≤ 0,4) .19
Table 1 − Operating limit values .13
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
60034-22 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC)
engine driven generating sets
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-22 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The technical changes with regard to the previous edition include:
– Clause 2: The standards which were not referenced in the text have been deleted.
– Clause 3: Technical and editorial changes to many of the definitions have been made.
– Clause 4: In the NOTE, the quantity T has been replaced by TL.
L
– Clause 7: Technical and editorial changes to many clauses have been made.
– Clause 9: Table 1 has been revised.
– Annex A: This annex has been revised.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
– 4 – 60034-22 © IEC:2009
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1568/FDIS 2/1573/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of IEC 60034 series, under the general title, Rotating electrical machines, can
be found on the IEC website.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found in the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
60034-22 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC)
engine driven generating sets
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 establishes the principal characteristics of a.c. generators under the
control of their voltage regulators when used for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine
driven generating set applications and supplements the requirements given in IEC 60034-1. It
covers the use of such generators for land and marine use, but excludes generating sets used
on aircraft or used to propel land vehicles and locomotives.
NOTE 1 For some specific applications (e.g. essential hospital supplies, high-rise buildings, etc.) supplementary
requirements may be necessary. The provisions of this standard should be regarded as a basis for such
requirements.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the need to take note of additional regulations or requirements imposed by various
regulatory bodies. Such regulations or requirements may form the subject of agreement between the customer and
the manufacturer when conditions of use of the end product invoke such requirements.
NOTE 3 Examples of regulatory authorities:
− classification societies, for generating sets used on ships and offshore installations;
− government agencies;
− inspection agencies, local utilities, etc.
Annex A discusses the behaviour of generators covered by this standard when subjected to
sudden load changes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
− Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-1:2004, Rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
NOTE 1 In this standard, suffix “N” is used for “rated” in accordance with IEC 60027-1 and IEC 60027-4 whereas
in ISO 8528, suffix “r” is so used.
NOTE 2 Voltage terms relate to a generator running at constant (rated) speed under the control of the normal
excitation and voltage control system.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
– 6 – 60034-22 © IEC:2009
3.1
rated output
S
N
the product of the rated r.m.s. voltage, the rated r.m.s. current and a constant m, expressed in
volt-amperes (VA) or its decimal multiples
where
m = 1 for single-phase;
m = 2 for two-phase;
m = 3 for three-phase
3.2
rated active power
P
N
the product of the rated r.m.s. voltage, the in-phase component of the rated r.m.s. current and
a constant m, expressed in watts (W) or its decimal multiples
where
m = 1 for single-phase;
m = 2 for two-phase;
3 for three-phase
m =
3.3
rated power factor
cos φ
N
the ratio of the rated active power to the rated output
P
N
cosφ=
N
S
N
3.4
rated reactive power
Q
N
the geometrical difference of the rated apparent power and the rated active power expressed in
volt-amperes reactive (var) or its decimal multiples
2 2
Q =()S − P
N
N N
3.5
rated speed of rotation
n
N
the speed of rotation necessary for voltage generation at rated frequency
NOTE 1 For a synchronous generator, the rated speed of rotation is given by:
f
N
n =
N
p
where
p is the number of pole pairs;
f is the rated frequency (according to load requirements).
N
For an asynchronous generator the rated speed of rotation is given by:
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
60034-22 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
f
N
()
n = 1− s
N N
p
where
p is the number of pole pairs;
f is the rated frequency (according to load requirements);
N
s is the rated slip.
N
NOTE 2 Since the slip of an asynchronous generator is always negative, the rated speed is above the
synchronous speed.
3.6
rated slip
s
N
the difference between the synchronous speed and the rated speed of the rotor divided by the
synchronous speed, when the generating set is giving its rated active power
f
N
− n
N
p
s =
N
f
N
p
NOTE Rated slip s is only relevant to an asynchronous generator.
N
3.7
rated voltage
U
N
the line-to-line voltage at the terminals of the generator at rated frequency
NOTE Rated voltage is the voltage assigned by the manufacturer for operating and performance characteristics.
3.8
no-load voltage
U
0
the line-to-line voltage at the terminals of the generator at rated frequency and no-load
3.9
range of voltage setting
ΔU
s
the range of possible upward and downward adjustment of voltage at generator terminals
(ΔU and ΔU , where U is the upper limit of voltage setting and U is the lower limit of
sup sdo sup sdo
voltage setting) at rated frequency, for all loads between no-load and rated output.
ΔU = | ΔU | + | ΔU |
s sup sdo
The voltage setting range is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
a) upward range, ΔU
sup
U − U
sup N
ΔU = ×100 %
sup
U
N
b) downward range, ΔU
sdo
U − U
sdo N
ΔU = ×100 %
sdo
U
N
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
– 8 – 60034-22 © IEC:2009
3.10
steady-state voltage tolerance band
1)
ΔU
the agreed voltage band about the steady-state voltage that the voltage may reach within a
given voltage recovery time after a specified sudden increase or decrease of load
3.11
steady-state voltage regulation
1)
ΔU
st
the change in steady-state voltage for all load changes between no-load and rated output,
taking into account the influence of temperature but not considering the effect of quadrature
current compensation voltage droop.
NOTE The initial set voltage is usually rated voltage, but may be anywhere within the range of voltage setting,
ΔU . See 3.9.
s
The steady-state voltage regulation is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
UU−
st:max st:min
ΔU = ×100%
st
U
N
3.12
transient voltage regulation
δ
dynU
the maximum voltage change following a sudden change of load, expressed as a percentage of
the rated voltage.
a) With load increase
−
maximum transient voltage drop δ
dynU
the voltage drop when the generator, initially at rated voltage, is switched onto a
symmetrical load which absorbs a specified current at rated voltage at a given power
factor or range of power factors.
UU−
dyn:min N
−
δ = × 100%
dynU
U
N
b) With load decrease
+
maximum transient voltage rise δ
dynU
the voltage rise when a specified load at a given power factor is suddenly switched off.
UU−
dyn:max N
+
δ = × 100 %
dynU
U
N
3.13
voltage recovery time
1)
t
rec
the time interval from the time at which a load change is initiated (t ) until the time when the
0
voltage returns to and remains within the specified steady-state voltage tolerance band (t )
u, in
tt=−t
()
()
rec u, in 0
___________
1)
For an explanation of these terms and examples of their use, see Annex A.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
60034-22 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
3.14
)
2
recovery voltage U
rec
the final steady-state voltage for a specified load condition
NOTE Recovery voltage is normally expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage. For loads in excess of rated,
recovery voltage is limited by saturation and exciter-regulator field forcing capability.
3.15
voltage modulation
Û
mod
the quasi-periodic voltage variation (peak-to-valley) about a steady-state voltage having typical
frequencies below the fundamental generation frequency expressed as a percentage of
average peak voltage at rated frequency and uniform drive
$$
UU−
mod:max mod:min
$
U =×2 × 100 %
mod
$$
UU+
mod:max mod:min
3.16
voltage unbalance
U
ubal
the rms value of the unbalanced phase voltages between consecutive phases in a three-phase
system that may occur.
Voltage unbalance is expressed as a percentage of the mean voltage
ˆ ˆ
U − U
max mean
ˆ
U = ×100 %
ubal
ˆ
U
mean
3.17
voltage regulation characteristics
curves of terminal voltage as a function of load current at a given power factor under steady-
state conditions at rated speed without any manual adjustment of the voltage regulation system
3.18
relative thermal life expectancy factor
TL
the relative thermal life expectancy related to the thermal life expectancy in case of duty type
S1 with rated output (see Annex A of IEC 60034-1)
4 Rating
The generator rating class shall be specified in accordance with IEC 60034-1. In the case of
generators for RIC engine driven generating sets, continuous ratings (duty type S1) or ratings
with discrete constant loads (duty type S10) are applicable.
For the purpose of this standard, the maximum continuous rating based on duty type S1 is
named the base continuous rating (BR).
Additionally, for duty type S10, there is a peak continuous rating (PR), where the permissible
generator temperature rises are increased by a specific amount according to the thermal
classification.
NOTE In the case of duty type S10, operation at the peak continuous rating (PR) thermally ages the generator
insulation systems at an increased rate. Quantity TL for the relative thermal life expectancy of the insulation system
is therefore an important integral part of the rating class (see 4.2.10 of IEC 60034-1).
___________
)
2
For an explanation of these terms and examples of their use, see Annex A.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
– 10 – 60034-22 © IEC:2009
5 Limits of temperature and temperature rise
5.1 Base continuous rating
The generator shall be capable of delivering its base continuous rating (BR) over the whole
range of operating conditions (e.g. minimum to maximum coolant temperatures) with total
temperatures not exceeding the sum of 40 °C and the temperature rises specified in Table 6 of
IEC 60034-1. See Note 1 below.
5.2 Peak continuous rating
At the generator peak continuous rating (PR), the total temperatures may be increased by the
following allowances (see Notes 1 and 2).
Thermal classification in
Rating <5 MVA Rating ≥5 MVA
accordance with IEC 60085
A or E 15 ºC 10 ºC
B or F 20 ºC 15 ºC
H 25 ºC 20 ºC
For ambient temperatures below 10 °C, the limit of total temperature shall be reduced by 1 °C
for each °C by which the ambient temperature is below 10 °C.
NOTE 1 The RIC engine output may vary with changes of ambient air temperature. In operation, the generator
total temperature will depend upon its primary coolant temperature which is not necessarily related to the RIC
engine inlet air temperature.
NOTE 2 When the generator operates at these higher temperatures, the generator insulation system will age
thermally at between 2 to 6 times the rate which occurs at the generator base continuous rating temperature rise
values (depending on the temperature increase and specific insulation system). For example, the thermal ageing
relevant to operation for 1 h at peak continuous rating is approximately equal to that obtained with operation for 2 h
to 6 h at base continuous rating. It is essential that the value of TL be determined by the manufacturer and marked
on the rating plate in accordance with item b) of Clause 10.
6 Parallel operation
6.1 General
When running in parallel with other generator sets or with another source of supply, means
shall be provided to ensure stable operation and correct sharing of reactive power.
This is most often effected by influencing the automatic voltage regulator by a sensing circuit
with an additional reactive current component. This causes a voltage droop characteristic for
reactive loads.
The grade of quadrature current compensation (QCC) voltage droop δ is the difference
qcc
between the no-load voltage U and the voltage at the rated current at the power factor zero
0
(overexcited) U when running isolated, expressed as a percentage of rated voltage U .
N
Q
U − U
0 Q
δ = ×100 %
qcc
U
N
NOTE 1 Unity power factor loads produce virtually no droop.
NOTE 2 Identical a.c. generators with identical excitation systems may operate in parallel without requiring voltage
droop when their field windings are connected by equalizer links. Adequate reactive load sharing is achieved when
there is correct active load sharing.
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SIST EN 60034-22:2010
60034-22 © IEC:2009 – 11 –
NOTE 3 When generating sets are operating in parallel with star points directly connected together, circulating
currents may occur, particularly third harmonic currents. Circulating currents can increase the r.m.s. current which
may reduce the thermal life expectancy of the insulation system.
6.2 Effect of electromechanical vibration and its frequency
It is the responsibility of the generating set manufacturer to ensure that the set shall operate
stably in parallel with others, and the generator manufacturer shall collaborate as necessary to
achieve this.
If there
...
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