SIST ISO 3664:2011
(Main)Graphic technology and photography - Viewing conditions
Graphic technology and photography - Viewing conditions
ISO 3664:2009 specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies, as well as images displayed in isolation on colour monitors.
ISO 3664:2009 applies in particular to:
critical comparison between transparencies, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or other objects or images;
appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection;
critical appraisal of transparencies that are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects or other reproductions; and
appraisal of images on colour monitors that are not viewed in comparison to any form of hardcopy.
ISO 3664:2009 is not applicable to unprinted papers.
Technologie graphique et photographie - Conditions d'examen visuel
Grafična tehnologija in fotografija - Pogoji za vizualno opazovanje
Ta mednarodni standard določa pogoje za vizualno opazovanje slik na odsevnih in prepustnih medijih, kot so natisnjene slike (fotografske in fotomehanske) in prosojnice, ter slik, prikazanih v izolaciji na barvnih monitorjih.
Ta mednarodni standard še zlasti velja za:
⎯ kritično primerjavo med prosojnicami, odsevnimi fotografskimi ali fotomehanskimi natisnjenimi slikami in/ali drugimi predmeti ali slikami;
⎯ presojo barvne reprodukcije in barvitosti natisnjenih slik in prosojnic pri osvetlitvenih ravneh, podobnih ravnem pri dejanski uporabi, vključno z rutinskim pregledom;
⎯ kritično presojo prosojnic, ki se opazujejo s projekcijo, v primerjavi z natisnjenimi slikami, predmeti ali drugimi reprodukcijami; in
⎯ presojo slik na barvnih monitorjih, ki se opazujejo v primerjavi s kakršno koli obliko natisnjene slike.
Ta mednarodni standard ne velja za nepotiskan papir.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 3664:2002
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMDLQIRWRJUDILMD3RJRML]DYL]XDOQRRSD]RYDQMH
Graphic technology and photography - Viewing conditions
Technologie graphique et photographie - Conditions d'examen visuel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 3664:2009
ICS:
37.040.01 Fotografija na splošno Photography in general
37.100.01 *UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMDQD Graphic technology in
VSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3664
Third edition
2009-04-15
Graphic technology and photography —
Viewing conditions
Technologie graphique et photographie — Conditions d'examen visuel
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Viewing condition requirements . 4
4.1 General requirements. 4
4.2 Conditions for critical comparison (viewing conditions P1 and T1). 7
4.3 Conditions for practical appraisal of prints, including routine inspection (viewing
condition P2) . 10
4.4 Conditions for viewing small transparencies by projection (viewing condition T2). 11
4.5 Conditions for appraisal of images displayed on colour monitors. 12
5 Test methods. 13
5.1 Spectral measurements . 13
5.2 Illuminance and luminance. 13
5.3 Resolution assessment for projection viewing apparatus. 14
Annex A (informative) Summary of viewing conditions specified in this International Standard. 15
Annex B (informative) Experimental data leading to selection of metamerism indices and
2)
reference illuminant for this International Standard . 16
Annex C (informative) Guidelines for judging and exhibiting photographs . 22
Annex D (informative) Spectral power distribution conformance testing. 24
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for viewing conditions to match measurement condition M2. 33
Bibliography . 34
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3664 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3664:2000), which has been technically
revised by tightening the compliance tolerances on the ultraviolet portion of the D50 spectral power
distribution, by adding additional optional illumination conditions, and by increasing the luminance levels of
displays used for image appraisal.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
While colour and density measurements play important roles in the control of colour reproduction, they cannot
replace the human observer for final assessment of the quality of complex images. Colour reflection artwork,
photographic transparencies, photographic prints, and photomechanical reproductions such as on-press and
off-press proofs or press sheets, are commonly evaluated for their image and colour quality or compared
critically with one another for fidelity of colour matching. Paper and other substrates contribute to the colour
appearance, and controlling the colour of these is equally critical. However, it is noted that the paper industry
has its own set of standards for unprinted paper, which differ in illumination conditions from those
recommended in this International Standard.
There is no doubt that the best viewing condition for the visual assessment of colour is that in which the
product will be finally seen. Where this is known and it is practical to do so, the various people in the
production chain can sensibly agree to use this viewing condition for all evaluation and comparison. However,
it is important that this be properly agreed upon in advance and that it be specified that such a viewing
condition is not defined in this International Standard.
Unfortunately, such agreement is often not practical. Even if a particular end-use condition is known, it can be
impractical to provide everybody in the production chain with sufficiently consistent viewing apparatus.
Differences in illumination and viewing conditions can cause corresponding differences in the colour
appearance of substrates, reproductions and artwork. Such differences are likely to cause misunderstandings
about colour reproduction and processing. This International Standard provides specifications for illumination
and viewing conditions that, when properly implemented, will reduce errors and misunderstandings caused by
such deficiencies and inconsistencies.
The illumination used to view colour photographic prints, photomechanical reproductions and transparencies
needs to provide adequate amounts of radiant power from all parts of the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum
to avoid distorting their appearance from that observed under commonly used sources of illumination, such as
daylight. The UV content is important where fluorescent samples, which are excited in this region, are
encountered – a phenomenon associated with many of the paper substrates on which images are reproduced,
as well as with some of the dyes and pigments themselves.
To ensure consistency with previous editions of this International Standard, as well as with the majority of
equipment in current use, the reference spectral power distribution specified in this International Standard is
CIE illuminant D50. Many of the reasons for the selection of illuminant D50 in the first edition of this
International Standard (ISO 3664:1975), as opposed to any other CIE daylight illuminant, are equally
applicable today. In the development of the second edition of this International Standard (ISO 3664:2000),
consideration was given to changing the reference illuminant to CIE F8, a 5 000 K illuminant more typical of
fluorescent lamps. However, it was felt that this would provide only a minimal conformance advantage (as
shown in Annex B), and the actual goal is for the illumination to simulate natural daylight.
Because it is very difficult to produce artificial sources of illumination that closely match the spectral power
distribution of daylight, it is important that the tolerances specified within this International Standard provide a
compromise between those required for lamp manufacturing purposes and those for consistent viewing. In
this International Standard, three constraints apply which define the characteristics of the light falling on the
viewing plane – one directly and two indirectly – and all three need to be met simultaneously if a viewing
apparatus is to be in compliance.
The chromaticity, which directly defines the colour of the illumination at the viewing surface, is specified as
that for illuminant D50, and the tolerance by a circle in the CIE 1976 Uniform Chromaticity Scale (UCS)
diagram having a specified radius around that value. To establish the compliance of the spectral power
distribution of the illumination to that of illuminant D50, the methods defined in CIE 13.3-1995 and
ISO/CIE 23603 are both specified. One defines the colour rendering quality of a lamp and the other defines its
ability to correctly predict metamers. Both requirements are important to the graphic technology and
photographic industries. The virtual metamers for CIE illuminant D50 from ISO/CIE 23603 are used. In
addition, based on experimental work described in Annex B, a practical tolerance of acceptability has been
defined, alongside a Colour Rendering Index requirement.
The perceived tonal scale and colours of a print or transparency can be significantly influenced by the
chromaticity and luminance of other objects and surfaces in the field of view. For this reason, ambient
conditions, which will possibly affect the state of visual adaptation, need to be designed to avoid any
significant effects on the perception of colour and tone, and immediate surround conditions also need to be
specified. Such specifications are provided in this International Standard.
Experience in the industries covered by this International Standard has revealed the need for two levels of
illumination:
⎯ a high level for critical evaluation and comparison, and
⎯ a lower level for appraising the tone scale of an individual image under illumination levels similar to those
under which it will be finally viewed.
This International Standard specifies these two levels of illumination.
The higher level is essential to graphic technology where comparison is being made, such as between original
artwork and proof, or to evaluate small colour differences between proof and press sheet in order to control a
printing operation. It is effective in these situations because it enhances the visibility of any differences. The
high level of illumination is also appropriate in photography when comparing two or more transparencies or
when critically evaluating a single image to assess the darkest tones that can be printed.
Since, despite adaptation, the level of illumination has quite a significant effect on the appearance of an image,
the lower level is required in order to appraise the image at a level more similar to that in which it will be finally
viewed. Although it is recognized that quite a wide range of illumination levels can be encountered in practical
viewing situations, the lower level chosen is considered to be fairly representative of the range encountered.
For this reason, it is applicable to aesthetic appraisal, including the conditions for routine inspection of prints.
The viewing of transparencies is specified both for direct
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3664
Third edition
2009-04-15
Graphic technology and photography —
Viewing conditions
Technologie graphique et photographie — Conditions d'examen visuel
Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Viewing condition requirements . 4
4.1 General requirements. 4
4.2 Conditions for critical comparison (viewing conditions P1 and T1). 7
4.3 Conditions for practical appraisal of prints, including routine inspection (viewing
condition P2) . 10
4.4 Conditions for viewing small transparencies by projection (viewing condition T2). 11
4.5 Conditions for appraisal of images displayed on colour monitors. 12
5 Test methods. 13
5.1 Spectral measurements . 13
5.2 Illuminance and luminance. 13
5.3 Resolution assessment for projection viewing apparatus. 14
Annex A (informative) Summary of viewing conditions specified in this International Standard. 15
Annex B (informative) Experimental data leading to selection of metamerism indices and
2)
reference illuminant for this International Standard . 16
Annex C (informative) Guidelines for judging and exhibiting photographs . 22
Annex D (informative) Spectral power distribution conformance testing. 24
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for viewing conditions to match measurement condition M2. 33
Bibliography . 34
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3664 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3664:2000), which has been technically
revised by tightening the compliance tolerances on the ultraviolet portion of the D50 spectral power
distribution, by adding additional optional illumination conditions, and by increasing the luminance levels of
displays used for image appraisal.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
Introduction
While colour and density measurements play important roles in the control of colour reproduction, they cannot
replace the human observer for final assessment of the quality of complex images. Colour reflection artwork,
photographic transparencies, photographic prints, and photomechanical reproductions such as on-press and
off-press proofs or press sheets, are commonly evaluated for their image and colour quality or compared
critically with one another for fidelity of colour matching. Paper and other substrates contribute to the colour
appearance, and controlling the colour of these is equally critical. However, it is noted that the paper industry
has its own set of standards for unprinted paper, which differ in illumination conditions from those
recommended in this International Standard.
There is no doubt that the best viewing condition for the visual assessment of colour is that in which the
product will be finally seen. Where this is known and it is practical to do so, the various people in the
production chain can sensibly agree to use this viewing condition for all evaluation and comparison. However,
it is important that this be properly agreed upon in advance and that it be specified that such a viewing
condition is not defined in this International Standard.
Unfortunately, such agreement is often not practical. Even if a particular end-use condition is known, it can be
impractical to provide everybody in the production chain with sufficiently consistent viewing apparatus.
Differences in illumination and viewing conditions can cause corresponding differences in the colour
appearance of substrates, reproductions and artwork. Such differences are likely to cause misunderstandings
about colour reproduction and processing. This International Standard provides specifications for illumination
and viewing conditions that, when properly implemented, will reduce errors and misunderstandings caused by
such deficiencies and inconsistencies.
The illumination used to view colour photographic prints, photomechanical reproductions and transparencies
needs to provide adequate amounts of radiant power from all parts of the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum
to avoid distorting their appearance from that observed under commonly used sources of illumination, such as
daylight. The UV content is important where fluorescent samples, which are excited in this region, are
encountered – a phenomenon associated with many of the paper substrates on which images are reproduced,
as well as with some of the dyes and pigments themselves.
To ensure consistency with previous editions of this International Standard, as well as with the majority of
equipment in current use, the reference spectral power distribution specified in this International Standard is
CIE illuminant D50. Many of the reasons for the selection of illuminant D50 in the first edition of this
International Standard (ISO 3664:1975), as opposed to any other CIE daylight illuminant, are equally
applicable today. In the development of the second edition of this International Standard (ISO 3664:2000),
consideration was given to changing the reference illuminant to CIE F8, a 5 000 K illuminant more typical of
fluorescent lamps. However, it was felt that this would provide only a minimal conformance advantage (as
shown in Annex B), and the actual goal is for the illumination to simulate natural daylight.
Because it is very difficult to produce artificial sources of illumination that closely match the spectral power
distribution of daylight, it is important that the tolerances specified within this International Standard provide a
compromise between those required for lamp manufacturing purposes and those for consistent viewing. In
this International Standard, three constraints apply which define the characteristics of the light falling on the
viewing plane – one directly and two indirectly – and all three need to be met simultaneously if a viewing
apparatus is to be in compliance.
The chromaticity, which directly defines the colour of the illumination at the viewing surface, is specified as
that for illuminant D50, and the tolerance by a circle in the CIE 1976 Uniform Chromaticity Scale (UCS)
diagram having a specified radius around that value. To establish the compliance of the spectral power
distribution of the illumination to that of illuminant D50, the methods defined in CIE 13.3-1995 and
ISO/CIE 23603 are both specified. One defines the colour rendering quality of a lamp and the other defines its
ability to correctly predict metamers. Both requirements are important to the graphic technology and
photographic industries. The virtual metamers for CIE illuminant D50 from ISO/CIE 23603 are used. In
addition, based on experimental work described in Annex B, a practical tolerance of acceptability has been
defined, alongside a Colour Rendering Index requirement.
The perceived tonal scale and colours of a print or transparency can be significantly influenced by the
chromaticity and luminance of other objects and surfaces in the field of view. For this reason, ambient
conditions, which will possibly affect the state of visual adaptation, need to be designed to avoid any
significant effects on the perception of colour and tone, and immediate surround conditions also need to be
specified. Such specifications are provided in this International Standard.
Experience in the industries covered by this International Standard has revealed the need for two levels of
illumination:
⎯ a high level for critical evaluation and comparison, and
⎯ a lower level for appraising the tone scale of an individual image under illumination levels similar to those
under which it will be finally viewed.
This International Standard specifies these two levels of illumination.
The higher level is essential to graphic technology where comparison is being made, such as between original
artwork and proof, or to evaluate small colour differences between proof and press sheet in order to control a
printing operation. It is effective in these situations because it enhances the visibility of any differences. The
high level of illumination is also appropriate in photography when comparing two or more transparencies or
when critically evaluating a single image to assess the darkest tones that can be printed.
Since, despite adaptation, the level of illumination has quite a significant effect on the appearance of an image,
the lower level is required in order to appraise the image at a level more similar to that in which it will be finally
viewed. Although it is recognized that quite a wide range of illumination levels can be encountered in practical
viewing situations, the lower level chosen is considered to be fairly representative of the range encountered.
For this reason, it is applicable to aesthetic appraisal, including the conditions for routine inspection of prints.
The viewing of transparencies is specified both for direct viewing and by projection. Additional conditions are
also specified for those situations where transparencies are to be compared to a print. The particular surround
specified for transparencies recognizes the way that a transparency needs to be viewed for optimum visibility
of the dark tones, but acknowledges that practical viewing equipment is likely to have ambient conditions that
introduce some viewing flare. The combination of surround and flare produce an appearance that is fairly
representative of how the transparency will look in a typically lighted room.
Small transparencies are commonly evaluated in graphic technology by direct viewing. When it is necessary
to view transparencies directly, these need to be viewed in accordance with the conditions specified for the
particular situation. However, for some purposes, smaller tr
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.