SIST EN 13363-2:2005
(Main)Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2: Detailed calculation method
Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2: Detailed calculation method
This document specifies a detailed method, based on the spectral transmission data of the materials, comprising the solar protection devices and the glazing, to determine the total solar energy transmittance and other relevant solar-optical data of the combination. If spectral data are not available the methodology can be adapted to use in-tegrated data.
The method is valid for all types of solar protection devices parallel to the glazing such as louvres, or venetian, or roller blinds. The blind may be located internally, externally, or enclosed between the panes of the glazing. Ventilation of the blind is allowed for in each of these positions in determining the solar energy absorbed by the glazing or blind components, for vertical orientation of the glazing.
The blind component materials may be transparent, translucent or opaque, combined with glazing components with known solar transmittance and reflectance and with known emissivity for thermal radiation.
The method is based on a normal incidence of radiation and does not take into account an angular dependence of transmittance or reflectance of the materials. Diffuse irradiation or radiation diffused by solar protection devices is treated as if it were direct. Louvres or venetian blinds are treated as homogenous materials by equivalent solar optical characteristics, which may depend on the angle of the incidence radiation. For situations outside the scope of this document; ISO 15099 covers a wider range of situations.
The document also gives certain normalised situations, additional assumptions and necessary boundary conditions.
Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen in Kombination mit Verglasungen - Berechnung der Solarstrahlung und des Lichttransmissionsgrades - Teil 2: Detailliertes Berechnungsverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt ein detailliertes, auf den spektralen Transmissionsdaten der Materialien von Sonnenschutzvorrichtungen und Verglasungen beruhendes Verfahren fest, mit dessen Hilfe der Gesamtenergiedurchlassgrad und andere relevante solar-optische Kenngrößen der Kombination zu ermitteln sind. Stehen keine Spektraldaten zur Verfügung, so lässt sich das Verfahren so anpassen, dass integrierte Daten verwendet werden können.
Das Verfahren gilt für alle Arten von parallel zur Verglasung angeordneten Sonnenschutzvorrichtungen, wie Lamellensysteme, Jalousien und Rollladen. Die Sonnenschutzvorrichtung kann sich innen, außen oder bei einer Doppelverglasung zwischen den Einzelscheiben befinden. In jeder dieser Positionen ist eine Belüftung der zwischen Sonnenschutzvorrichtung und Verglasung für die Bestimmung der von der Verglasung oder vom Sonnenschutz absorbierten Solarenergie bei vertikaler Ausrichtung der Verglasung zulässig.
Die Materialien des Sonnenschutzes können durchsichtig, durchscheinend oder opak sein und mit Verglasungen kombiniert werden, deren Transmissions- und Reflexionsgrade für Solarstrahlung und Emissionsgrade für Wärmestrahlung bekannt sind.
Das Verfahren beruht auf einem üblichen Einfall der Strahlung und berücksichtigt keine winkelmäßige Abhängigkeit der Transmission und Reflexion der Materialien. Eine diffuse Einstrahlung oder eine Strahlung, die durch Sonnenschutzvorrichtungen zerstreut wird, wird als direkte Strahlung angesehen. Lamellensysteme und Jalousien werden als homogene Materialien mit äquivalenten solar-optischen Eigenschaften behandelt, die vom Winkel der Einfallsstrahlung abhängig sein können. Für Situationen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments berücksichtigt ISO 15099 einen breiteren Bereich von Situationen.
Dieses Dokument enthält außerdem Beschreibungen bestimmter Standardsituationen, zusätzliche Annahmen und notwendige Randbedingungen.
Dispositifs de protection solaire combinés a des vitrages - Calcul du facteur de transmission solaire et lumineuse - Partie 2: Méthode de calcul détaillée
Le présent document spécifie une méthode détaillée, basée sur les données spectrales de transmission des matériaux constitutifs des dispositifs de protection solaire et des vitrages, pour déterminer le facteur de transmission totale de l'énergie solaire et les autres données optiques solaires appropriées de l'ensemble. Si Ies données spectrales ne sont pas disponibles, la méthodologie peut etre adaptée a l'utilisation de données intégrées.
La méthode s'applique a tous les types de protection solaire paralleles au vitrage, tels les stores a claire-voie, les jalousies ou les volets roulants. Le dispositif peut etre placé a l'intérieur, a l'extérieur, ou entre deux vitres. Pour chacune de ces positions, la ventilation du dispositif de protection solaire est prise en compte dans la détermination de l'énergie solaire absorbée par les composants du vitrage ou du dispositif, pour les vitrages disposés verticalement.
Les matériaux des composants du dispositif peuvent etre transparents, translucides ou opaques, et sont associés a des composants de vitrages dont les facteurs de transmission et de réflexion solaires ainsi que l'émissivité pour le rayonnement thermique sont connus.
La méthode suppose une incidence normale du rayonnement et ne prend pas en compte l'influence de l'angle d'incidence sur les facteurs de transmission ou de réflexion des matériaux. Le rayonnement diffus ou celui diffusé par les dispositifs de protection solaire est assimilé a un rayonnement direct. Les stores a claire-voie et les jalousies sont assimilés a des matériaux homogenes grâce a des caractéristiques optiques solaires équivalentes, pouvant dépendre de l'angle d'incidence du rayonnement. Pour les situations n'entrant pas dans le domaine d'application du présent document, l'ISO 15099 couvre une gamme de situations plus étendue.
Ce document donne également un certain nombre de situations normalisées, des hypotheses complémentaires et les conditions aux limites requises.
Senčila v kombinaciji z zasteklitvijo - Izračun prepustnosti za energijo sončnega sevanja in prepustnosti svetlobe - 2. del: Podrobna računska metoda
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.GDSonnenschutzeinrichtungen in Kombination mit Verglasungen - Berechnung der Solarstrahlung und des Lichttransmissionsgrades - Teil 2: Detailliertes BerechnungsverfahrenDispositifs de protection solaire combinés a des vitrages - Calcul du facteur de transmission solaire et lumineuse -
Partie 2: Méthode de calcul détailléeSolar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2: Detailed calculation method91.120.10Toplotna izolacija stavbThermal insulation17.180.20Barve in merjenje svetlobeColours and measurement of lightICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13363-2:2005SIST EN 13363-2:2005en01-julij-2005SIST EN 13363-2:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13363-2April 2005ICS 17.180.20; 91.120.10English versionSolar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation oftotal solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2:Detailed calculation methodDispositifs de protection solaire combinés à des vitrages -Calcul du facteur de transmission solaire et lumineuse - Partie 2: Méthode de calcul détailléeSonnenschutzeinrichtungen in Kombination mitVerglasungen - Berechnung der Solarstrahlung und desLichttransmissionsgrades - Teil 2: DetailliertesBerechnungsverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13363-2:2005: ESIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units.4 3.1 Terms and definitions.4 3.2 Symbols and units.5 4 Characteristic data.6 4.1 Solid layers.6 4.2 Gas spaces.6 5 Principles of calculation.6 5.1 General.6 5.2 Solar radiation and light.7 5.3 Heat transfer.9 5.4 Energy balance.13 6 Boundary conditions.13 6.1 Reference and summer conditions.13 6.2 Report.14 Annex A (normative)
Determination of equivalent solar and light optical characteristics for louvres or venetian blinds.16 A.1 Assumptions.16 A.2 Symbols.16 A.3 Direct radiation.17 A.4 Diffuse radiation.17 A.5 Thermal radiation.17 A.6 Global radiation.17 A.7 Example.18 Annex B (normative)
Stack effect.19 B.1 General.19 B.2 Pressure loss factors.20 Annex C (informative)
Example.22 C.1 Input data.22 C.2 Results.22 Annex D (informative)
Physical properties of gases.23 Bibliography.24
SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13363-2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. EN 13363 with the general title Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of solar and light transmittance consists of two parts: − Part 1: Simplified method; − Part 2: Detailed calculation method. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto-nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This document specifies a detailed method, based on the spectral transmission data of the materials, comprising the solar protection devices and the glazing, to determine the total solar energy transmittance and other relevant solar-optical data of the combination. If spectral data are not available the methodology can be adapted to use in-tegrated data. The method is valid for all types of solar protection devices parallel to the glazing such as louvres, or venetian, or roller blinds. The blind may be located internally, externally, or enclosed between the panes of the glazing. Ventilation of the blind is allowed for in each of these positions in determining the solar energy absorbed by the glazing or blind components, for vertical orientation of the glazing. The blind component materials may be transparent, translucent or opaque, combined with glazing components with known solar transmittance and reflectance and with known emissivity for thermal radiation. The method is based on a normal incidence of radiation and does not take into account an angular dependence of transmittance or reflectance of the materials. Diffuse irradiation or radiation diffused by solar protection devices is treated as if it were direct. Louvres or venetian blinds are treated as homogenous materials by equivalent solar optical characteristics, which may depend on the angle of the incidence radiation. For situations outside the scope of this document; ISO 15099 covers a wider range of situations. The document also gives certain normalised situations, additional assumptions and necessary boundary conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 410, Glass in building – Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing EN 673, Glass in building – Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) – Calculation method EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation – Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 9288:1996, Thermal insulation – Heat transfer by radiation – Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 9288:1989) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995, EN ISO 9288:1996 and the following apply. 3.1.1 solar radiation and light radiation in the whole solar spectrum or any part of it, comprising ultra-violet, visible and near infra-red radiation in the wavelength range of 0,3 µm to 2,5 µm NOTE Sometimes called shortwave radiation, see EN ISO 9488. SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 5 3.1.2 thermal radiation radiation emitted by any surface at or near ambient temperature in the far infrared in the wavelength range of
3 µm to 100 µm NOTE 1 The definition deviates from EN ISO 9288. NOTE 2 Sometimes called longwave radiation, see EN ISO 9488. 3.1.3 total solar energy transmittance total transmitted fraction of the incident solar radiation consisting of direct transmitted solar radiation and the part of the absorbed solar radiation transferred by convection and thermal radiation to the internal environment 3.1.4 light transmittance transmitted fraction of the incident solar radiation in the visible part of the solar spectrum, see EN 410 3.1.5 normalized radiant flow rate radiant flow rate divided by the incident radiant flow rate 3.2 Symbols and units The following list includes the principal symbols used. Other symbols are defined where they are used in the text. Symbol Physical quantity Unit ES incident solar radiation flow rate, solar irradiation W/m² I normalised radiant flow rate − H height of a ventilated space m T thermodynamic temperature K U thermal transmittance
W/(m²⋅K) g total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) − h heat transfer coefficient, or thermal conductance of gas space W/(m²⋅K) q density of heat flow rate W/m² s width of a space m z vertical coordinate m ε thermal emissivity − α absorptance − αe solar direct absorptance − λ thermal conductivity W/(m⋅K) λ wavelength µm ρ reflectance of the side facing the incident radiation − ρ' reflectance of the side facing away from the incident radiation − ρe solar direct reflectance − ρv light reflectance − σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5,67×10-8 W/(m²⋅K4) τe solar direct transmittance − SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 6 τv light transmittance −
Subscripts a absorbed c conductive/convective d diffuse e external environment g gas i internal environment j, k integer, number of layer or space r radiant th thermal radiation v ventilated B blind D direct 4 Characteristic data 4.1 Solid layers The glass panes and blinds are considered as solid layers. The relevant characteristics are: • for solar radiation and light: the spectral transmittance and the spectral reflectances of both sides; • for thermal radiation: the transmittance and the emissivities of both sides. Usually, these values are determined directly by the most appropriate optical method1). For glazing, see the procedures recommended for glazing materials in EN 410. However, for louvres or venetian blinds, Annex A gives a method to calculate equivalent values based on similarly determined material properties. 4.2 Gas spaces The thermal properties of closed spaces filled with air or gas shall be calculated in accordance with EN 673. The spaces are described by their width and the physical properties of the gas (see Annex D, Table D.1). Ventilated air spaces are described by the width and the height of the space and the physical properties of the air. 5 Principles of calculation 5.1 General The combination of glazing and solar protection devices consists of a series of solid layers separated by air or gas filled spaces. The solid layers are assumed to be homogeneous with a negligible thermal resistance. The transport of solar radiation and heat is considered to be one-dimensional, except for ventilated spaces, where the two-dimensional convection is reduced to a one-dimensional formula.
1) See CIE Technical Report – CIE 130-1998 "Practical Methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance". SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 7 The layers and spaces are numbered by j from 1 to n, where space n represents the internal environment and space 0 the external environment. Within the physical model the number of layers is unlimited. The basic formulae for solar radiation and heat transfer are given to establish the energy balance of each layer. To solve the system of equations the use of an iterative procedure is recommended, due to the non-linear interaction of temperature and heat transport.
Key Te external air temperature
1 external 7 internal Tre external radiant temperature
2 layer 1 8 solar radiation ve external wind velocity
3 space 1 9 direct solar and light transmittance Ti internal air temperature
4 layer j 10 direct solar and light reflectance Tri internal radiant temperature 5 space j 11 thermal radiation and convection
6 layer n
(direct and indirect)
NOTE The internal and external environments are characterised by the air temperature and the radiant temperature; the external environment is additionally characterised by the wind velocity. Figure 1 — Schematic presentation of a system consisting of layers and spaces 5.2 Solar radiation and light The solar and optical properties are independent of the intensity of the solar irradiation and temperature in the system2). It is assumed that the spaces are completely transparent, without any absorption. Each solid layer is characterised by the spectral transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength region between 0,3 µm and 2,5 µm. For each wavelength λ and each layer j the following equations are valid for the normalised radiant flow rates I and I' (see Figure 2): )()()()()()()()()()(111λλτλλρλλλρλλτλjjjjjjjjjjIIIIII′⋅′+⋅=′′⋅′+⋅=−−− (1) where
2) There are exceptions for certain materials (photochromic, thermochromic). SIST EN 13363-2:2005
EN 13363-2:2005 (E) 8 τj(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the side facing the incident radiation; τ'j(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the side facing away from the interior3); ρj(λ) is the spectral reflectance of the side facing the incident radiation; ρ'j(λ) is the spectral reflectance of the side facing away from the incident radiation; Ij(λ)
is the spectral normalised radiant flow rate inwards; I'j(λ) is the spectral normalised radiant flow rate outwards.
Figure 2 — Schematic presentation of the characteristic data of layer j and the spectral flow rates
Equation (1) is solved with the boundary conditions: 0)(;1)(0=′=λλnII (2)
If the spectral normalised radiant flow rates )(λjI and )(λjI′ are known for each j, the spectral data of the system result in: the spectral transmittance: )()(λλτnI= (3) the spectral reflectance of the side facing the incident radiation: )()(0λλρI′= (4) the spectral absorptance of layer j: ()())()()(1)()()(1)(1λλτλρλλτλρλαjjjjjjjII′⋅′−′−+⋅−−=− (5) The solar direct transmittance eτ, the solar direct reflectance eρ and the solar direct absorptance je,α of each layer j shall be calculated from the spectral data according to the procedure given in EN 410. Similarly, the light transmittance vτ and the light reflectance vρ can be calculated. If the spectral reflectance)('λρof the sy
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