SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Safe handling and storage of solid recovered fuels (ISO 21912:2021)
Solid recovered fuels - Safe handling and storage of solid recovered fuels (ISO 21912:2021)
This International Standard provides principles and requirements for safe handling and
storage of solid recovered fuels (SRF).
The International Standard covers the handling, transportation and storage of SRF
throughout the supply chain, from the point of reception of non-hazardous waste.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Sicherer Umgang und Lagerung von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen (ISO 21912:2021)
Dieses Dokument enthält die Grundsätze für und Anforderungen an die sichere Handhabung, Behandlung und Lagerung von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen (SRF), die aus nicht gefährlichem Abfall hergestellt werden und für die energiewirtschaftliche Nutzung zu verwenden sind. Dieses Dokument umfasst Prozessabschnitte von der Stelle für die Annahme von Material bis zum Anlieferungsort von SRF.
Dieses Dokument schließt Brennstoffe aus, die in den Aufgabenbereich von ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels und ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin fallen.
Zur Bestimmung, welche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen in Betracht zu ziehen sind, wird ein risikobasierter Ansatz angewendet.
Zwar sind das Ent und Beladen von z. B. Behältern, Zügen oder Lastkraftwagen enthalten, jedoch nicht die Sicherheitsaspekte nach dem Laden und der Transport selbst.
Combustibles solides de récupération - Sécurité de la mise en oeuvre et dus stockage de combustibles solides de récupération (ISO 21912:2021)
Le présent document fournit les principes et les exigences applicables à la sécurité de la mise en œuvre et du stockage de combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) préparés à partir de déchets non dangereux et destinés à être utilisés dans des applications énergétiques. Le présent document couvre les étapes du processus allant du poste de réception jusqu'au poste de livraison des CSR.
Le présent document exclut les combustibles couverts par l'ISO/TC 238, Combustibles solides et par l'ISO/TC 28, Produits pétroliers et produits connexes, combustibles et lubrifiants d'origine synthétique ou biologique.
Le présent document utilise une approche basée sur les risques pour déterminer les mesures de sécurité à prendre en compte.
Bien que le déchargement et le chargement des navires, des trains ou des camions (par exemple) soient inclus, les questions relatives à la sécurité suite au chargement et au transport en lui-même ne sont pas couvertes.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Varno ravnanje in skladiščenje trdnih goriv (ISO 21912:2021)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
01-maj-2021
Trdna alternativna goriva - Varno ravnanje in skladiščenje trdnih goriv (ISO
21912:2021)
Solid recovered fuels - Safe handling and storage of solid recovered fuels (ISO
21912:2021)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Sicherer Umgang und Lagerung von festen
Sekundärbrennstoffen (ISO 21912:2021)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Sécurité de la mise en oeuvre et dus stockage
de combustibles solides de récupération (ISO 21912:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21912:2021
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST EN ISO 21912:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
EN ISO 21912
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.10
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Safe handling and storage of solid
recovered fuels (ISO 21912:2021)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Sécurité de la Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Sicherer Umgang und
mise en oeuvre et dus stockage de combustibles solides Lagerung von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen (ISO
de récupération (ISO 21912:2021) 21912:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 February 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21912:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
EN ISO 21912:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
EN ISO 21912:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21912:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300 "Solid
recovered materials, including solid recovered fuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 343 “Solid Recovered Fuels” the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21912:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21912:2021 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21912
First edition
2021-02
Solid recovered fuels — Safe handling
and storage of solid recovered fuels
Combustibles solides de récupération — Sécurité de la mise en oeuvre
et dus stockage de combustibles solides de récupération
Reference number
ISO 21912:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Parts of the SRF process . 1
3.2 Risk management . 4
3.3 Operation and safety . 6
4 Introduction to the use of this document . 6
5 Risk management . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Introduction to the risk management process . 9
5.2.1 Definition of scope . . 9
5.2.2 Hazard identification. 9
5.2.3 Risk estimation . 9
5.2.4 Risk evaluation .10
5.2.5 Risk reduction/control .10
6 SRF processes .11
6.1 SRF production process .11
6.2 Typical SRF receiving, storing and feeding at power plant or cement kiln .12
6.3 SRF production facilities including densifying .13
7 Safety considerations and requirements for SRF plant .14
7.1 Safety hazards .14
7.2 General requirements and recommendations for safe production and handling .16
7.3 General requirement for operation and maintenance .17
7.4 Documentation of operation procedures .17
7.5 Safety during operation .18
7.5.1 Operation .18
7.5.2 Housekeeping .19
7.5.3 Maintenance .19
7.5.4 Guidelines for visitors/contractors .20
7.6 Pre-planning of emergency operations .20
7.7 Personnel risks.21
8 Safety considerations and requirements for specific parts of the SRF production
and handling process .21
8.1 Receiving and feeding .21
8.1.1 General for all receiving and feeding solutions .21
8.1.2 Inputting the raw material into pre-treatment process .22
8.1.3 Feeders .23
8.1.4 Emergency feeding process .24
8.2 Crushing, milling and shredding .24
8.2.1 General for all crushers, mills and shredders .24
8.2.2 Pre-shredding .25
8.2.3 Main shredding .26
8.2.4 Fine shredding .27
8.3 Conveying .28
8.3.1 Chain conveyors.28
8.3.2 Screw conveyors . .30
8.3.3 Belt conveyors .30
8.3.4 Bucket elevators .31
8.3.5 Pneumatic conveying .32
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
8.4 Storage solutions .33
8.4.1 General for all storage solutions .33
8.4.2 Storage of mechanically densified SRF .35
8.4.3 Open storage in piles .35
8.4.4 Bale storing .36
8.4.5 Silo storage .37
8.4.6 Bunker and box storage .38
8.4.7 Hoppers .39
8.5 Separation and screening .40
8.5.1 Screening .40
8.5.2 Ferrous metal separation .41
8.5.3 Non-ferrous metal separation .42
8.5.4 Density separation .42
8.5.5 Optical identification and sorting.43
8.6 Other systems .44
8.6.1 Thermal drying.44
8.6.2 Dust collecting system .44
8.6.3 Moulding and cooling .46
9 Fire protection .47
9.1 General requirements and recommendations for fire protection .47
9.2 Detection .48
9.3 During a fire .48
9.4 Working environment and safety during a fire .49
9.5 After a fire . .49
Bibliography .50
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
Introduction
Modern society is based on production and consumption of an enormous variety of products, both for
industrial and private use. After its intended use, the product will be disposed as waste by the user
and will then enter the chain of waste management which includes a variety of handling, storage and
processing/recycling methods.
With production, handling, transportation and storage of SRF (Solid Recovered Fuels) there is always
a significant risk of fire and dust explosion. A fire or an explosion provides risks both for human health
and the environment and cause large economical losses. It is therefore important that operators
throughout the supply chain ensure that there is a developed strategy to prevent fires and to prevent
dust explosions, and if a fire should occur, a readiness to handle the fire effectively to reduce the
consequences.
Fires will, in addition to economic losses and effects on health and the environment, also have a negative
impact on the confidence in the SRF industry and difficulty to obtain insurance coverage might also
increase.
In facilities where dry combustible materials are handled such as in SRF facilities, there are several
risks present for fires and dust explosions. A typical cause for an ignition of the material is friction
heat or impact ignition sources generated within the processing chain. Such ignition sources can be
generated due to mechanical wear or break-down, metal pieces and stones, material overfeeding, etc.
Most mechanical machines contain moving parts that potentially could generate friction heat high
enough to ignite the material. Examples are shredders, conveyors, screening/separation machinery and
fans. Other sources causing ignitions are for example hot surfaces, electrical discharges, hot works and
self-ignition inside storages.
An ignition source can ignite the material being processed or dust accumulations inside and around the
machinery. It is important to take necessary measures for reducing the risk for ignitions. Accumulations
of combustible dust are intended to be avoided. However, dust can quickly accumulate to a stage where
it can become a significant fire load.
This document provides support, advice and guidance to facility owners, logistics providers, equipment
suppliers/manufacturers, consultants, authorities and insurance providers to assess and mitigate
different risks when producing, handling and storing SRF.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21912:2021(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Safe handling and storage of solid
recovered fuels
1 Scope
This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling, treatment and storage of solid
recovered fuels (SRF), prepared from non-hazardous waste, to be used for energy purposes. This
document covers process stages from point of acceptance of material to point of delivery of SRF.
This document excludes fuels that are included in the scope of ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels and ISO/TC 28
Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin.
It uses a risk-based approach to determine what safety measures are to be considered.
Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following
the loading and transport itself are not.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 21637:2020, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21637:2020 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Parts of the SRF process
3.1.1
baling
process of producing a compressed material bundle or package secured by wires, hoops, cords or similar
3.1.2
belt conveyor
conveyor with an endless belt acting as a carrying and traction element
Note 1 to entry: There are several belt conveyor types, such as; troughed belt conveyor, deep troughed belt
conveyor, pipe belt conveyor, walled belt conveyor, flat belt conveyor and radial conveyor.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
3.1.3
belt feeder
shortened form of belt conveyor (3.1.2), normally running at slow speed, designed to extract or control
the rate of flow of bulk materials from hoppers
[SOURCE: EN 620:2002+A1: 2010, 3.2.4]
3.1.4
box
storage with two or three walls
3.1.5
bucket elevator
elevator for loose bulk materials with buckets as the carrying medium attached to a belt or chains as
the driving medium
Note 1 to entry: The bucket elevator consists of a strap forming belt, stretched vertically between a driving head
pulley and a pulley of foot. Buckets are attached to the strap and the whole is enclosed in a metal frame.
Note 2 to entry: The foot of the elevator is equipped with a chute in which the buckets are filled by shovelling and
a head shape suitable for evacuating grain by projection centrifugal.
[SOURCE: EN 618:2002+A1: 2010, 3.1.3 – modified: notes to entry were added]
3.1.6
bunker
storage which is closed on four sides and reachable from the top
3.1.7
chain conveyor
conveyor for loose bulk materials with a chain as the driving medium having attached flights or scraper
flights moving the material "en masse" in an enclosing trough
3.1.8
chain reclaimer
machine for loose bulk materials with a chain as driving medium having attached flights or scraper
flights moving the material in an open drop-in pit or drive over pit
3.1.9
conveyor system
number of linked conveyors with their ancillary equipment and control system
[SOURCE: EN 620:2002+A1: 2010, 3.1 – modified: "control system" was added]
3.1.10
crushing
mechanical reduction of particle size (3.3.4) by exerting mainly blunt deforming forces to a material
[SOURCE: ISO 21637:2020, 3.15]
3.1.11
density separation
separation of mixed materials by using density differences of the different fractions for classification
Note 1 to entry: With respect to SRF-production, most common application of density separation is wind
shifting applying airflow as conveying/transport medium. A process of separation by different densities of
particles and fluids.
3.1.12
dust collection system
system that collects free dust from the air in process systems
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21912:2021
ISO 21912:2021(E)
3.1.13
electromagnetic separation of non-ferrous metals
separation of non-ferrous metals by inducing temporary magnetic forces
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as eddy current separators.
[SOURCE: ISO 21637:2020, 3.26]
3.1.14
enclosed conveyor
conveyor which is enclosed to avoid contamination between the interior and the exterior environment
3.1.15
enclosed storage
storage that is enclosed to avoid contamination between the interior and the exterior environment
3.1.16
feeder
mechanical device for delivering
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
01-april-2020
Trdna alternativna goriva - Varno ravnanje in skladiščenje trdnih goriv (ISO/DIS
21912:2020)
Solid recovered fuels - Safe handling and storage of solid recovered fuels (ISO/DIS
21912:2020)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Sicherer Umgang und Lagerung von festen
Sekundärbrennstoffen (ISO/DIS 21912:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21912
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21912
ISO/TC 300 Secretariat: SFS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-02-12 2020-05-06
Solid recovered fuels — Safe handling and storage of solid
recovered fuels
ICS: 75.160.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Parts of the SRF process . 1
3.2 Risk management . 4
3.3 Operation and safety . 6
4 Introduction to the use of the standard . 6
5 Risk management . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Introduction to the risk management process . 8
5.2.1 Definition of scope . . 8
5.2.2 Hazard identification. 8
5.2.3 Risk estimation . 9
5.2.4 Risk evaluation . 9
5.2.5 Risk reduction/control . 9
6 SRF processes .10
6.1 SRF production process .10
6.2 Typical SRF receiving, storing and feeding at power plant or cement kiln .11
6.3 SRF production facilities including densifying (solidifying) .12
7 Safety considerations and requirements for SRF plant .13
7.1 Safety hazards .13
7.2 General requirements and recommendations for safe handling .15
7.3 General requirement for operation and maintenance .16
7.4 Documentation of operation procedures .16
7.5 Safety during operation .17
7.5.1 Operation .17
7.5.2 Housekeeping .18
7.5.3 Maintenance .18
7.5.4 Guidelines for visitors/contractors .18
7.6 Pre-planning of emergency operations .19
7.7 Personnel risks.20
8 Safety considerations and requirements for specific parts of the SRF handling process .20
8.1 Receiving and feeding .20
8.1.1 General for all receiving and feeding solutions .20
8.1.2 Inputting the raw material into pre-treatment process .21
8.1.3 Feeders .22
8.1.4 Emergency feeding process .22
8.2 Crushing, milling and shredding .23
8.2.1 General for all crushers, mills and shredders .23
8.2.2 Pre-shredding .24
8.2.3 Main shredding .25
8.2.4 Fine shredding .27
8.3 Conveying .28
8.3.1 Chain conveyors.28
8.3.2 Screw conveyors . .29
8.3.3 Belt conveyors .30
8.3.4 Bucket elevators .31
8.3.5 Pneumatic conveying .32
8.4 Storage solutions .33
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
8.4.1 General for all storage solutions .33
8.4.2 Storage of densified SRF .34
8.4.3 Open storage in piles .34
8.4.4 Bale storing .35
8.4.5 Silo storage .36
8.4.6 Bunker and box storage .38
8.4.7 Hoppers .39
8.5 Separation and screening .40
8.5.1 Screening .40
8.5.2 Ferrous metal separation .41
8.5.3 Non-ferrous metal separation .41
8.5.4 Density separation .42
8.5.5 Optical identification and sorting.42
8.6 Other systems .43
8.6.1 Thermal drying.43
8.6.2 Dust collecting system .44
8.6.3 Moulding and cooling .45
9 Fire protection .47
9.1 General requirements and recommendations for fire protection .47
9.2 Detection .47
9.3 During a fire .48
9.4 Working environment and safety during a fire .48
9.5 After a fire . .48
Bibliography .50
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21912:2020
ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
Introduction
The modern society is based on production and consumption of an enormous variety of products, both
for industrial and private use. After its intended use, the product will be disposed as waste by the user
and will then enter the chain of waste management which includes a variety of handling, storage and
processing/recycling methods.
With handling, transportation and storage of SRF (Solid Recovered Fuels) there is always a significant
risk of fire and dust explosion. A fire or an explosion provides risks both for human health and the
environment and cause large economical losses. It is therefore important that operators throughout the
supply chain ensure that there is a developed strategy to prevent fires and to prevent dust explosions,
and if a fire should occur, a readiness to handle the fire effectively to reduce the consequences.
Fires will, in addition to economic losses and effects on health and the environment, also have a negative
impact on the confidence in the SRF industry and difficulty to obtain insurance coverage might also
increase.
In facilities where dry combustible materials are handled such as in SRF facilities, there are several
risks present for fires and dust explosions. A typical cause for an ignition of the material is friction
heat or impact ignition sources generated within the processing chain. Such ignition sources can be
generated due to mechanical wear or break-down, metal pieces and stones, material overfeeding, etc.
Most mechanical machines contain moving parts that potentially could generate friction heat high
enough to ignite the material. Examples are shredders, conveyors, screening/separation machinery and
fans. Other sources causing ignitions are for example hot surfaces, electrical discharges, hot works and
self-ignition inside storages.
An ignition source can ignite the material being processed or dust accumulations inside and around the
machinery. It is important to take necessary measures for reducing the risk for ignitions. Accumulations
of combustible dust should be avoided. However, dust can quickly accumulate to a stage where it can
become a significant fire load.
This document provides support, advice and guidance to facility owners, logistics providers, equipment
suppliers/manufacturers, consultants, authorities and insurance providers to assess and mitigate
different risks when handling and storing SRF.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21912:2020(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Safe handling and storage of solid
recovered fuels
1 Scope
This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling, treatment and storage of solid
recovered fuels (SRF), prepared from non-hazardous waste, to be used for energy purposes. This
document covers process stages from point of acceptance of material to point of delivery of SRF.
This document excludes fuels that are included in the scope of ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels and ISO/TC 28
Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin.
It uses a risk-based approach to determine what safety measures should be considered.
Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following
the loading and transport itself are not.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO/DIS 21637:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/DIS 21637:2019 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Parts of the SRF process
3.1.1
baling
the process of producing a compressed material bundle or package secured by wires, hoops, cords or
similar.
3.1.2
belt conveyor
conveyor with an endless belt acting as a carrying and traction element
Note 1 to entry: There are several belt conveyor types, such as; troughed belt conveyor, deep troughed belt
conveyor, pipe belt conveyor, walled belt conveyor, flat belt conveyor and radial conveyor.
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3.1.3
belt feeder
shortened form of belt conveyor, normally running at slow speed, designed to extract or control the rate
of flow of bulk materials from hoppers
Note 1 to entry: Some shortened form of belt conveyor (3.1.2), normally running at slow speed, designed to extract
or control the rate of flow of bulk materials from hoppers are called belt feeder.
[SOURCE: EN 620:2002+A1: 2010, 3.2.4]
3.1.4
box
storage which is open at least on one side
3.1.5
bucket elevator
elevator for loose bulk materials with buckets as the carrying medium attached to a belt or chains as
the driving medium
Note 1 to entry: The bucket elevator consists of a strap forming belt, stretched vertically between a driving head
pulley and a pulley of foot. Buckets are attached to the strap and the whole is enclosed in a metal frame.
Note 2 to entry: The foot of the elevator is equipped with a chute in which the buckets are filled by shovelling and
a head shape suitable for evacuating grain by projection centrifugal.
[SOURCE: EN 618:2002+A1: 2010, 3.1.3 – modified: notes to entry were added]
3.1.6
bunker
storage which is closed on four sides and reachable from the top
3.1.7
chain conveyor
conveyor for loose bulk materials with a chain as the driving medium having attached flights or scraper
flights moving the material "en masse" in an enclosing trough
3.1.8
chain reclaimer
for loose bulk materials with a chain as driving medium having attached flights or scraper flights
moving the material in an open drop-in pit of drive over pit
3.1.9
conveyor system
number of linked conveyors with their ancillary equipment and control system
[SOURCE: EN 620:2002+A1: 2010, 3.1 – modified: "control system" was added]
3.1.10
crushing
mechanical reduction of particle size by exerting mainly blunt deforming forces to a material
3.1.11
density separation
separation of mixed materials by using density-differences of the different fractions for classification.
Note 1 to entry: With respect to SRF-production, most common application of density separation is wind
shifting applying airflow as conveying/transport medium. A process of separation by different densities of
particles and fluids.
3.1.12
dust collection system
system that collects free dust from the air in process systems
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3.1.13
electromagnetic separation of non-ferrous metals
separation of non-ferrous metals by inducing temporary magnetic forces
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as eddy current separators.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 21637:2019, 3.33]
3.1.14
enclosed conveyor
conveyor which is enclosed to avoid contamination between the interior and the exterior environment
3.1.15
enclosed storage
storage that is enclosed to avoid contamination between the interior and the exterior environment
3.1.16
feeder
a mechanical device for delivering material at a controlled rate
[SOURCE: ISO 1213-1:1993, 10.1.02]
3.1.17
ferrous metal separation
separation of ferrous metals by use of permanent magnetic forces
[SOURCE: WT REF BAT 2017 Draft]
3.1.18
fine shredding
shredding of materials to an average particle size of 20 mm - 50 mm
3.1.19
idler
mechanical element rotating on internal bearing and fitted to support the belt
Note 1 to entry: On belt conveyors (3.1.2), several idlers can be used. These are called e.g. troughing idler (which
supports the belt and maintains it in a troughed form), carrying idler, return idler.
3.1.20
main shredding
mechanical reduction of particle size of material via shredding it to average particle size of 50 mm
- 100 mm
3.1.21
manual separation
separation of material particles individually by hand or mechanical solution
3.1.22
optical identification
recognition of material particles individually by optical vision
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 21637:2019, 3.68]
3.1.23
pneumatic conveying
method of transporting bulk materials by means of air through pipes or ducts
3.1.24
pre-shredding
mechanically reducing particle size of material by shredding it to average particle size of 100 mm
– 300 mm
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3.1.25
screening
separation of larger particles from material flow, typically >150 mm
3.1.26
screw conveyor
conveyor for loose bulk materials with a trough or tube as the carrying medium, the material being
moved by the action of a rotating screw.
3.1.27
screw reclaimer
mobile equipment located bellow a stockpile for continuously reclaiming bulk materials using a screw
as the carrying or conveying medium
[SOURCE: EN 618:2002+A1: 2010, 3.3.8]
3.1.28
shredding
mechanical reduction of particle size by tearing, cutting or other means
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 21637:2019, 3.92]
3.1.29
silo
part of a continuous handling system used to contain intended kind(s) of bulk material(s) during a
certain period of time.
Note 1 to entry: The silo is usually charged from the top and discharged from one or more outlets at the bottom
or side.
[SOURCE: EN 617:2001+A1: 2010, 3.1 – modified: part of definition was added as a note to entry]
3.1.30
step feeder
feeder which uses friction to transfer material
Note 1 to entry: Walking floor is an example of a step feeder.
3.1.31
under-screen fraction
material fraction that goes through screen
3.2 Risk management
3.2.1
residual risk
risk remaining after risk reduction measures have been implemented
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.8]
3.2.2
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
Note 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence includes the exposure to a hazardous situation, the occurrence of a
hazardous event and the possibility to avoid or limit the harm.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.9]
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3.2.3
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.10]
3.2.4
risk assessment
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