SIST EN 17206:2020
(Main)Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections
Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections
This document applies to machinery, machinery installations and machinery control systems used in places of assembly and in staging and production facilities for events and theatrical productions (stage machinery, for short). Such facilities include: theatres, multi-purpose halls, exhibition halls; film, television and radio studios; concert halls, schools, bars, discotheques, open-air stages and other rooms for shows and events.
The document applies to machinery installations with guided or unguided loads.
This document covers machinery used in the entertainment industry including machinery that is excluded from the Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC) specifically Article 1, 2(j) which excludes "machinery intended to move performers during artistic performances".
This machinery includes controls, electrical and electronic control systems, electrical and electronic equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic power supplies.
The principles in this document also apply to machinery installations based on new technologies or specially designed installations which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate in a similar manner or are meant for similar purposes to the equipment listed above.
Veranstaltungstechnik - Maschinen für Bühnen und andere Produktionsbereiche - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfungen
Dieses Dokument gilt für Maschinen, maschinentechnische Einrichtungen und maschinentechnische Steuerungssysteme, die in Versammlungsstätten sowie in Bühnen- und Produktionsbereichen für Veranstaltungen und Theaterproduktionen (kurz Bühnenmaschinerie) eingesetzt werden. Solche Stätten beinhalten: Theater, Mehrzweckhallen, Ausstellungshalle; Film-, Fernseh- und Rundfunkstudios; Konzerthallen, Schulen, Bars, Diskotheken, Freilichtbühnen und andere Räume für Aufführungen und Veranstaltungen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für maschinentechnische Einrichtungen mit geführten und ungeführten Lasten.
Dieses Dokument deckt in der Veranstaltungstechnik verwendete Maschinen ab, einschließlich Maschinen, die aus der Maschinenrichtlinie (2006/42/EG), insbesondere durch Artikel 1, 2(j) ausgeschlossen sind; dies sind „Maschinen zur Beförderung von Darstellern während künstlerischer Vorführungen“.
Diese Maschinen beinhalten Steuerungen, elektrische und elektronische Steuerungssysteme, elektrische und elektronische Ausrüstung, hydraulische und pneumatische Kraftübertragungssysteme.
Die Prinzipien in diesem Dokument gelten auch für maschinentechnische Einrichtungen mit neuen Technologien oder Sonderanfertigungen, die hier nicht besonders benannt sind, jedoch auf ähnliche Art funktionieren oder für bezüglich der oben genannten Geräte ähnliche Zwecke vorgesehen sind.
Technologies du spectacle - Machinerie pour scènes et autres zones de production - Exigences et inspections relatives à la sécurité
Le présent document s’applique aux machines, aux installations de machinerie et aux systèmes de commande de machines utilisés dans les lieux de montage et dans les installations de mise en scène et de production pour les événements et les productions théâtrales (les machines de scène, en résumé). Ces installations comprennent : les théâtres, les salles polyvalentes, les salles d’exposition ; les studios de cinéma, de télévision et de radio ; les salles de concert, les écoles, les bars, les discothèques, les scènes en plein air et autres salles de spectacles et d’événements.
Le présent document s’applique aux installations de machinerie traitant des charges guidées ou non guidées.
Le présent document couvre les machines utilisées dans l’industrie du spectacle, notamment les machines qui sont exclues de la Directive Machines (2006/42/CE) spécifiquement à l’Article 1, alinéa 2(j), qui exclut « les machines prévues pour déplacer des artistes pendant des représentations artistiques ».
Ces machines comprennent les commandes, les systèmes de commande électriques et électroniques, les équipements électriques et électroniques, l’alimentation en énergie hydraulique et pneumatique.
Les principes du présent document s’appliquent également aux installations de machinerie basées sur de nouvelles technologies ou aux installations spécialement conçues qui ne sont pas expressément mentionnées ici, mais qui fonctionnent néanmoins de manière similaire ou sont destinées à des fins similaires aux équipements énumérés ci-dessus.
Razvedrilna tehnologija - Stroji za odre in druge prireditvene prostore - Varnostne zahteve in pregledi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2020
Razvedrilna tehnologija - Stroji za odre in druge prireditvene prostore - Varnostne
zahteve in pregledi
Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other production areas - Safety
requirements and inspections
Veranstaltungstechnik - Maschinen für Bühnen und andere Produktionsbereiche -
Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfungen
Technologies du spectacle - Machinerie pour scènes et autres zones de production -
Exigences et inspections relatives à la sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17206:2020
ICS:
97.200.10 Gledališka, odrska in Theatre, stage and studio
studijska oprema ter delovne equipment
postaje
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17206
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 97.200.10 Supersedes CWA 15902-1:2008
English Version
Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and
other production areas - Safety requirements and
inspections
Technologies du spectacle - Machinerie pour scènes et Veranstaltungstechnik - Maschinen für Bühnen und
autres zones de production - Exigences et inspections andere Produktionsbereiche - Sicherheitstechnische
relatives à la sécurité Anforderungen und Prüfungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17206:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 General terms . 10
3.2 Loads, forces and pressures . 14
3.3 Electrical equipment and control systems . 16
3.4 Tolerances relating to movement . 19
4 Hazards . 19
4.1 General . 19
4.2 List of Significant Hazards . 20
5 Design requirements . 24
5.1 General . 24
5.2 Examples of machine installations showing the groups . 25
5.3 Load assumptions for stage elevators . 27
5.4 Load bearing equipment . 28
5.5 Winding devices and diverter pulleys . 31
5.6 Drive systems . 32
5.7 Load carrying devices . 34
6 Safeguarding hazardous areas . 35
6.1 Protective spaces for inspection and maintenance . 35
6.2 Accessibility of maintenance areas. 35
6.3 Safeguarding at crushing, shearing and trapping points, and fall protection . 36
6.4 Elevator shaft walls, openings and landing doors . 36
6.5 Counterweights . 36
7 Electrical equipment and control systems . 37
7.1 General requirements . 37
7.2 Incoming supply conductor terminations and devices for disconnecting and
switching off . 39
7.3 Safety functions and control functions in the event of failure . 41
7.4 Emergency stop functions . 47
7.5 Complementary Protective Measures . 47
7.6 Electronic and programmable electronic systems (E/PES) . 48
7.7 Use of electronic and programmable electronic systems (E/PES) without safety
functions . 48
7.8 Operator interfaces, control devices and contactors . 48
7.9 Marking, warning signs and reference designations . 49
7.10 Testing and validation of electrical systems . 49
7.11 Validation and verification of functional safety systems . 49
8 Documentation . 50
8.1 General . 50
8.2 Technical data to be included . 50
8.3 Marking . 51
8.4 Documentation and information . 53
9 Testing prior to first use and after substantial changes . 57
9.1 General . 57
9.2 Test log . 57
9.3 Testing prior to first use . 57
9.4 Test after changes and modifications . 60
Annex A (normative) Examples of hazards and risk origin . 61
Annex B (normative) Use case definitions . 70
B.1 General . 70
B.2 Upper machinery . 70
B.3 Lower stage machinery – lifting . 71
B.4 Lower stage machinery – horizontal movement . 72
Annex C (informative) Recommended safety functions and measures . 73
C.1 General . 73
C.2 Upper machinery . 73
C.3 Lower machinery – lifting . 74
C.4 Lower machinery – horizontal movement . 75
Annex D (normative) End user information table to be supplied by the manufacturer . 76
Annex E (informative) Designing safeguards on the basis of risk assessment . 79
E.1 General . 79
E.2 Risk assessment as in EN 62061 . 79
E.3 Risk assessment as in EN ISO 13849-1 . 86
Annex F (informative) Examples of using the risk graphs . 89
F.1 Guidance for risk evaluation values for control system functions . 89
F.2 Severity . 89
F.3 Possibility of avoiding the hazardous event . 90
F.4 Possibility frequency and duration of exposure . 90
F.5 Probability of occurrence of a hazardous event . 91
Annex G (informative) Application examples . 92
G.1 General . 92
G.2 Chain hoist for a speaker cluster – Stop on “deadman release” . 92
G.3 Broadcast studio lighting hoist – Protection against overload . 94
G.4 Group of winches lifting a common load – protection against loss of group
synchronisation . 96
G.5 Chain hoist to fly a performer – protection against over-speed . 98
G.6 Two winches to fly a performer – Protection against position deviation . 100
G.7 Orchestra pit elevator – Protection against crushing/shearing . 102
G.8 Stage elevator platform – Protection against overload . 103
Bibliography . 106
European foreword
This document (EN 17206:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 433
“Entertainment Technology – Machinery, equipment and installations”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CWA 15902-1:2008.
This document differs from CWA 15902-1:2008 mainly as follows:
a) evaluated and revised according to new European standards, Directives and Regulations;
b) terms and definitions have been revised;
c) updated examples and informative annexes;
d) standard revised editorially.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to produce European specifications for the design, manufacture and
installation of lifting and load bearing equipment within the entertainment industry. Apart from the
Machinery Directive, the Council Directive 2009/104/EC of 16 September 2009 concerning the
minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work states in
Annex II:
“3.1.3.
Measures must be taken to ensure that workers are not present under suspended loads, unless such
presence is required for the effective operation of the work
Loads may not be moved above unprotected workplaces usually occupied by workers.
Where that is the case, if work cannot be carried out properly any other way, appropriate procedures must
be laid down and applied.”
This document considers situations that give rise to danger, such as moving or holding scenery or
equipment:
a) over persons and/or unprotected areas;
b) in areas with low light conditions, limited visibility, for example while using stage fog and other
masking effects.
These situations apply not only during performances, but also during rehearsals, technical set-up,
preparations, installations and other situations. This document covers these hazards and suggests
appropriate procedures to maintain safety.
Machinery installations are all technical installations and equipment used for operations in stage and
production facilities in the entertainment industry. Such installations are used to lift, lower, suspend
and carry loads (e.g. scenery, traverse systems, or lighting, film/video and sound equipment). They can
also be used to move persons, and persons can stand under such equipment while the loads are at rest
or in motion.
“Stages” are, for example, staging facilities and production areas in theatres, multipurpose halls, studios,
production facilities for film, television or radio, concert halls, congress centres, schools, exhibition
centres, trade-fair centres, museums, discotheques, amusement parks, sports facilities and open-air-
theatres.
“Events” are, for example, concerts, shows, congresses, exhibitions, presentations, demonstrations, film
or television recordings, etc.
This document considers permanently and temporarily installed lifting and movement equipment for
stages and production areas within the entertainment industry.
This document does not consider the design or control of fire curtains.
Typical applications of this document include but are not limited to the following:
— acoustic doors;
— auditorium elevators;
— compensating elevators;
— cycloramas;
— fly bar systems (manual and motor driven);
— lighting bars;
— movable lighting towers;
— movable proscenium arches;
— orchestra elevators;
— performer flying systems;
— point hoists;
— revolving stages and turntables;
— scenery storage elevators;
— side stage and rear stage shutters;
— stage elevators;
— stage wagons;
— tiltable stage floors;
— trap elevators.
1 Scope
This document applies to machinery, machinery installations and machinery control systems used in
places of assembly and in staging and production facilities for events and theatrical productions (stage
machinery, for short). Such facilities include: theatres, multi-purpose halls, exhibition halls; film,
television and radio studios; concert halls, schools, bars, discotheques, open-air stages and other rooms
for shows and events.
The document applies to machinery installations with guided or unguided loads.
This document covers machinery used in the entertainment industry including machinery that is
excluded from the Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC) specifically Article 1, 2(j) which excludes
“machinery intended to move performers during artistic performances”.
This machinery includes controls, electrical and electronic control systems, electrical and electronic
equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic power supplies.
The principles in this document also apply to machinery installations based on new technologies or
specially designed installations which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate
in a similar manner or are meant for similar purposes to the equipment listed above.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 1: General conditions of acceptance
EN 818-7, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T
(Types T, DAT and DT)
EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for
steel structures
EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 3: Technical requirements for
aluminium structures
EN 1993-1-10, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-
thickness properties
EN 1999-1-1, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
EN 12385-2, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 12385-5, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 5: Stranded ropes for lifts
EN 13411 (all parts), Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety
EN 13480-3, Metallic industrial piping — Part 3: Design and calculation
EN 14492-1, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 1: Power driven winches
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1)
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2016)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters —
Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1)
EN 60947-5-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1)
EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2)
EN 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission standard
for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4)
EN 61326-3-1, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC requirements —
Part 3-1: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended to perform safety-
related functions (functional safety) — General industrial applications
EN 61439-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules (IEC 61439-1)
EN 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems (IEC 61508)
EN 62061:2005, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems (IEC 62061:2005)
EN 81346-1, Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products — Structuring
principles and reference designations — Part 1: Basic rules (IEC 81346-1)
EN 82079-1, Preparation of instructions for use — Structuring, content and presentation — Part 1:
General principles and detailed requirements (IEC/IEEE 82079-1)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design (ISO 13850)
EN ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO
13854)
EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
competent person
person with sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge and experience to carry out the person’s
duties, and who is aware of the limits of the person’s competency, expertise and knowledge
3.1.2
drive system
part of a load bearing machine that executes movement and holding of the load and which converts
energy into movement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 c), Figure 3 c) and Figure 4 c).
3.1.3
emergency stop
emergency stop function
E-stop
function which is intended to
— avert arising or reduce existing hazards to persons, damage to machinery or to work in progress,
and
— be initiated by a single human action
Note 1 to entry: ISO 13850 gives detailed provisions.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.40 – modified: Term “E-Stop” added]
3.1.4
failure
termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function
Note 1 to entry: After failure the item has a fault.
Note 2 to entry: “Failure” is an event, as distinguished from “fault”, which is a state.
Note 3 to entry: This concept as defined does not apply to items consisting of software only.
Note 4 to entry: In practice the terms “failure” and “fault” are often used synonymously.
[SOURCE: IEV 192-03-01]
3.1.5
fault
state of an item characterized by inability to perform a required function, excluding the inability during
preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources
Note 1 to entry: A fault is often the result of a failure of the item itself, but can exist without prior failure.
Note 2 to entry: In the field of machinery, the English term “fault” is commonly used in accordance with the
definition in IEV 192-04-01, whereas the French term “défaut” and the German term “Fehler” are used rather than
the terms “Panne” and “Fehlzustand” that appear in the IEV with this definition.
Note 3 to entry: In practice, the terms “fault” and “failure” are often used synonymously.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.33]
3.1.6
fly bar
fly bar (e.g. bar or truss) having several load bearing lines for lifting, lowering, and suspending loads,
with the load being either uniformly distributed or concentrated (point load)
Note 1 to entry: A distinction is made between manually operated flying systems (e.g. manual counterweight
systems) and motor-driven systems (e.g. with electric or hydraulic drive).
3.1.7
hazard
potential source of harm
Note 1 to entry: The term “hazard” can be qualified in order to define its origin (for example, mechanical hazard,
electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (for example, electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic
hazard, fire hazard).
Note 2 to entry: The hazard envisaged by this definition either
— is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (for example, motion of hazardous
moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature), or
— can appear unexpectedly (for example, explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an
unintended/unexpected start-up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of
acceleration/deceleration).
Note 3 to entry: The French term “phénomène dangereux” should not be confused with the term “risque”, which
was sometimes used instead in the past.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.6]
3.1.8
hazard zone
danger zone
space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard
3.1.9
lifting accessory
component or equipment, allowing the load to be held, which is placed between the lifting machinery
and the load or on the load itself, or which is intended to constitute an integral part of the load and
which is independently placed on the market
3.1.10
load bearing element
parts of a machine between the load and the machinery anchor point
3.1.11
load bearing equipment
assembly of load bearing elements, including the drive mechanism
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 b), Figure 3 b) and Figure 4 b).
3.1.12
load carrying device
part of stage machinery which directly carries the intended load
EXAMPLE Fly bar of a bar hoist, platform of an elevator, truss, hook of a point hoist
Note 1 to entry: For trusses refer to EN 17115.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2 d), Figure 3 d) and Figure 4 d).
3.1.13
load securing device
mechanical device that can bring a load to a defined stop and prevents unintentional movement
EXAMPLE A brake, self-braking worm gear, shut-off valve.
3.1.14
load holding device
device that prevents unintentional movement of an already stationary load
EXAMPLE Rope lock, locking pin.
3.1.15
machinery installation
all elements between the load and the machinery anchor point
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 a); Figure 3 a); Figure 4 a).
3.1.16
manual counterweight system
manually operated fly bar moved by means of an operating rope, where the load is fully or partially
balanced by counterweights carried in a guided frame connected to the flying bar
3.1.17
rated speed
maximum speed at which the machine is designed to operate
3.1.18
point hoist
lifting equipment having one load bearing line for lifting, lowering, and suspending loads
3.1.19
protective measure
measure intended to achieve risk reduction
3.1.20
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
3.1.21
safeguard
guard or protective device
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.26]
3.1.22
stage elevator
part of a horizontal or inclined (tilted) stage, performance area, studio or auditorium floor which can be
moved vertically up and/or down, including all necessary drive elements
EXAMPLE 1 Elevator which is a permanent part of the stage, performance area, studio or auditorium floor (e.g.
orchestra elevator, single- or double-deck stage elevator, stage compensating elevator, scenery storage elevator or
auditorium elevator).
EXAMPLE 2 Elevator which is not a permanent part of the stage, performance area, studio or auditorium floor,
which is used primarily for scenic purposes and which normally rests below stage (e.g. stage trap elevator).
Note 1 to entry: A stage elevator at rest can be part of the stage.
3.1.23
stage elevator platform
part of a stage elevator which supports the load
3.2 Loads, forces and pressures
Table 1 — Loads and forces
Loads and forces in normal operation
ENTERTAINMENT LOAD LIMIT (ELL)
+ WEIGHT OF LOAD CARRYING DEVICE
= SYSTEM LOAD
+ DYNAMIC FORCES
= CHARACTERISTIC LOAD
x 2 = DESIGN LOAD
Loads and forces occurring at failure
ENTERTAINMENT LOAD LIMIT (ELL)
+ WEIGHT OF LOAD CARRYING DEVICE
= SYSTEM LOAD
+ DYNAMIC FORCES AT FAILURE
= LOAD AT FAILURE
x 1 = DESIGN LOAD
3.2.1
characteristic load
characteristic load is the sum of the system load and the dynamic forces occurring during normal
operation
Note 1 to entry: Normal operation also includes holding of loads at rest.
3.2.2
characteristic load pressure
in a hydraulic system, the pressure generated by the characteristic load
3.2.3
design load
load to be used for calculation/validation of a specific component according to the standards and the
technical literature applicable for the specific component
Note 1 to entry: Design load is obtained by multiplying the characteristic load (or the load at failure, depending
on the specific condition being considered) of the component by the design risk coefficient (specific to the same
component). See 5.3.
3.2.4
entertainment load limit
ELL
maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to raise, lower or sustain
3.2.5
entertainment load limit at rest
ELL/R
maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to sustain at rest
Note 1 to entry: Due to additional measures (such as locking pins in elevators), the Entertainment Load Limit at
Rest could be higher than the entertainment load limit that the machine is capable of moving.
3.2.6
load at failure
sum of the system load and the dynamic forces occurring due to uncontrolled stops in case of failure
Note 1 to entry: Uncontrolled stops may occur e.g. due to:
a) failure in electric power supply;
b) pressure failure in hydraulic system;
c) activation of a safety device;
d) stalling of the motor due to snagging of the load/load carrying device;
e) sudden lifting of a load started with no tension on the ropes.
3.2.7
nominal pressure
pressure stated by the manufacturer of the component
3.2.8
operating pressure
pressure generated by the system
3.2.9
system load
sum of entertainment load limit and the weight of the load carrying device
3.2.10
system pressure
operating pressure limited by a pressure device
3.2.11
test load
load used when testing a lifting device, load bearing equipment, or load carrying or securing devices
3.3 Electrical equipment and control systems
3.3.1
control circuit
circuit used for the operational control of stage machinery and for protection of the power circuits
3.3.2
control device
device for the activation of a movement, e.g. lever, push button, wheel
3.3.3
controlled stop
stopping of machine motion with power to the machine actuators maintained during the stopping
process
[SOURCE: EN 60204-1:2018, 3.1.14]
3.3.4
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic system
E/E/PE system
system for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more electrical/electronic programmable
electronic (E/E/PE) devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, sensors and
other input devices, data highways and other communication paths, and actuators and other output
devices
Note 1 to entry: For structure and terminology see Figure 1.
EXAMPLE Electrical/electronic/programmable electronic devices include:
a) electro-mechanical devices (electrical);
b) solid-state non-programmable electronic devices (electronic); and
c) electronic devices based on computer technology (programmable electronic).
Key
1 input devices (e.g. sensors, switches) 4 E/E/PE device
2 input interfaces A-D-converters 5 output interfaces D-A-converters
3 communications 6 output devices, final elements (e.g. actuators)
NOTE The E/E/PE device is shown centrally located but such device(s) could exist at several places in the
E/E/PE system.
Figure 1 — Electrical/electronic programmable electronic system (E/E/PE system) – Structure
and terminology
3.3.5
equipotential bonding
provision of electric connections between conductive parts, intended to achieve equipotentiality
[SOURCE: IEV 195-1-10]
3.3.6
load profile monitoring
programming of a specific axis load condition followed by monitoring of the load with an automatic stop
of the axis once the measured load deviates from the programmed load
3.3.7
muting
temporary suspension of a safety function by the SRP/CS
3.3.8
overload condition
condition in which the load has gone above a preset value
3.3.9
performance level
PL
discrete level used to specify the ability of safety related parts of control systems to perform a safety
function under foreseeable conditions
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13849-1:2015, 3.1.23 – modified: Note 1 removed]
3.3.10
power source failure
change in the electrical or fluid (liquid or gas) power supply that could adversely affect the performance
of a machine
Note 1 to entry: This might include under-voltage, over-voltage, phase loss, incorrect phase sequence and fluid
over-pressure or fluid under-pressure.
3.3.11
protective bonding circuit
protective conductors and conductive parts connected together to provide protection against electric
shock in the event of an insulation failure
[SOURCE: EN 60204-1:2018, 3.1.50]
3.3.12
protective conductor
PE
conductor required by some measures for protection against electric shock for electrically connecting
any of the following parts:
a) exposed conductive parts;
b) extraneous conductive parts;
c) main earthing terminal;
d) earth electrode; and
e) earthed point of the source or artificial neutral
[SOURCE: EN 61984:2009, 3.35]
3.3.13
redundancy
application of more than one device or system, or part of a device or system, with the objective of
ensuring that in the event of one failing to perform its function another is available to perform that
function
[SOURCE: EN 60204-32:2008, 3.57]
3.3.14
safety function
function that is intended to achieve or maintain a safe state for the machine in respect of a specific
hazardous event
3.3.15
safety integrity level
SIL
discrete level (one out of a possible three) for specifying the safety integrity requirements of the safety-
related control functions to be allocated to the SRECS, where safety integrity level three has the highest
level of safety integrity and safety integrity level one has the lowest
Note 1 to entry: See EN 61508-4:2010, 3.5.8.
Note 2 to entry: SIL 4 is not considered in this document, as it is not relevant to the risk reduction requirements
normally associated with machinery. For requirements applicable to SIL 4, see EN 61508-1 and EN 61508-2.
3.3.16
slack condition
condition in which a wire or load bearing device is no longer supporting its attached load
Note 1 to entry: Commonly referred to as a slack wire condition.
3.3.17
safety-related part of a control system
SRP/CS
part of a control system that responds to safety-related input signals and generates safety-related
output signals
Note 1 to entry: The combined safety-related parts of a control system start at the point where the safety-
related input signals are initiated (including, for example, the actuating cam and the roller of the position switch)
and end at the output of the power control elements (including, for example, the main contacts of a contactor).
Note 2 to entry: If monitoring systems are used for diagnostics, they are also considered as SRP/CS.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13849-1:2015, 3.1.1]
3.3.18
uncontrolled stop
stopping of machine movement by loss of or removal of power to the machine
3.3.19
underload condition
condition in which the load has gone below a preset value
3.4 Tolerances relating to movement
3.4.1
group synchronisation tolerance
permissible deviation in the position in relation to another machine within a group
3.4.2
group synchronisation tolerance in the event of failure
permissible deviation in the position in relation to another of the machine within a group during
(moving) and after (stationary) an event of failure.
4 Hazards
4.1 General
When designing and using lifting and load bearing equipment as in this document, all foreseeable
hazards shall be identified.
Only competent persons shall be responsible for:
a) describing the intended use;
b) risk assessment.
After risk assessment has been carried out, the appropriate measures to be taken shall be established
for specific hazards. The risk assessment can be carried out on the basis of EN ISO 12100 or according
to the example hazards listed in Annex A. Suitable facilities and provisions to enable the recovery of
performers and other persons shall be provided in the event of any of the identified hazards occurring.
The following steps shall be taken when selecting protective measures:
a) specify the limits of the machinery (intended use, reasonably foreseeable misuse, space limits, the
foreseeable life limit, and wear factors);
b) identify hazards and estimate risks;
c) avoid hazards by means of inherently safe design measures and reduce risks as much as possible;
d) inform users of any residual risks (information for use).
4.2 List of Significant Hazards
Table 2 shows a list of significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result
in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant clauses in
this document that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
Table 2 — List of Significant Hazards
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
The significant hazards below are based upon EN 12100:2010
1 Mechanical hazards due to:
1.1 Acceleration, deceleration 5.1; 5.3; 6.3; 6.4; 6.5
1.2 Angular parts 5.1; 6.3
1.3 Approach of moving element to a fixed part 5.1; 6.3
1.5 Elastic elements 5.1; 6.3
1.6 Falling objects 5.1; 5.3; 5.4
1.7 Gravity 5.1; 5.3
1.8 Height from the ground 5.1; 5.3;
1.9 High pressure 5.6.3
1.10 Instability 5.1; 5.3
1.11 Kinetic energy 5.1; 5.3; 6.3
1.12 Machinery mobility 5.1; 6.3; 7.3.4.14; 7.3.4.15
1.13 Rotating elements 5.1; 6.3
1.14 Rough, slippery surface —
1.15 Sharp edges 5.1; 6.3
1.16 Stored energy 5.6.3
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Electromagnetic phenomena 7.1; 7.1.3.1
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena 7.1; 7.2.1; 7.2.3
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
2.3 Live parts 7.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.3
2.4 Overload 7.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.3
2.5 Part which have become live under fault conditions 7.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.3
2.6 Short-circuit 7.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.3
2.7 Thermal radiation 7.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.3
3 Thermal hazards due to:
3.1 Explosion —
3.2 Flame —
3.3 Objects or materials with high or low temperature 5.6
3.4 Radiation from heat sources —
4 Noise hazards due to:
4.1 Cavitation phenomena —
4.2 Exhausting system —
4.3 Gas leaking at high speed 5.6.3
4.4 Manufacturing process (stamping, cutting, etc.) —
4.5 Moving parts 5.6
4.6 Scraping surfac
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