SIST EN 15323:2007
(Main)Bitumen and bituminous binders - Accelerated long-term ageing/conditioning by the rotating cylinder method (RCAT)
Bitumen and bituminous binders - Accelerated long-term ageing/conditioning by the rotating cylinder method (RCAT)
This European Standard specifies an accelerated ageing/conditioning procedure for bitumen, bituminous binders and bituminous mastics. The procedure involves rotating cylinder ageing (RCA), i.e binder ageing at moderate temperatures in a large cylinder rotating in an oven under oxygen flow conditions. Prior to long-term ageing with this method, samples are prepared in the condition they would be applied to the road.
This method is also applicable to modified binders and bituminous mastics.
NOTE For binders used in hot asphalt applications pre-conditioning of the sample would typically be by one of the methods given in EN 12607-1 or EN 12607-2 or directly in the RCAT cylinder to an equivalent ageing level. For binders used in bituminous emulsion and cut-back application, stabilising the sample would typically be by methods given in EN 14895. For bituminous emulsion, stabilising the sample can also be realised directly in the RCAT cylinder under a nitrogen flow (quantity-temperature-time have still to be experienced).
WARNING — Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a flow of oxygen as ageing atmosphere. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood that more than 1 % mass fraction in a binder of volatile components is present, this procedure must not be used.
Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Beschleunigte Langzeit-Alterung mit dem Verfahren mit rotierendem Zylinder (RCAT)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein beschleunigtes Alterungs-/Behandlungsverfahren für Bitumen, bitumen¬haltige Bindemittel und Asphaltmastix fest. Das Verfahren umfasst die Alterung mit rotierendem Zylinder (RCA), d. h. die Alterung des Bindemittels bei gemäßigten Temperaturen in einem großen Zylinder, der unter einem Sauerstoffstrom in einer Wärmekammer rotiert. Vor der Langzeitalterung mit diesem Verfahren sind die Proben so herzustellen, dass sie sich in dem für die Aufbringung auf die Straße geltenden Zustand befinden.
Dieses Verfahren ist auch auf modifizierte Bindemittel und Bitumenmastix anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG Bindemittel für Heißasphaltanwendungen werden üblicherweise nach einem der in EN 12607-1 oder EN 12607-2 angegebenen Verfahren oder direkt im RCAT-Zylinder bis zum Erreichen eines gleichwertigen Alterungsgrades vorbehandelt. Bei Bindemitteln für Bitumenemulsionen oder Verschnittanwendungen erfolgt die Sta¬bilisierung üblicherweise nach den in EN 14895 angegebenen Verfahren. Bei Bitumenemulsionen kann die Stabilisierung der Probe auch unter einem Stickstoffstrom direkt im RCAT-Zylinder durchgeführt werden (zum Verhältnis Menge-Temperatur-Zeit müssen noch Erfahrungen zusammengetragen werden).
WARNUNG Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann den Umgang mit gefährlichen Substanzen und Ausrüstungsteilen und die Ausführung gefährlicher Arbeitsgänge einschließen; das gilt besonders für die Nutzung eines Sauerstoffstroms als Alterungsatmosphäre. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, alle mit seiner Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, geeignete Verhaltensregeln zur Sicherheit und Gesundheit festzulegen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften vor der Anwendung zu bestimmen.
Falls die Wahrscheinlichkeit besteht, dass ein Bindemittel flüchtige Bestandteile in einer Konzen¬tration von mehr als 1 % Massenanteil enthält, darf dieses Verfahren nicht angewendet werden.
Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Vieillissement/conditionnement long-terme accéléré par la méthode du cylindre tournant (RCAT)
La présente Norme européenne prescrit une méthode accélérée de vieillissement/conditionnement pour les bitumes, les liants bitumineux et les mastics bitumineux. La méthode consiste en un vieillissement dans un cylindre tournant (RCA), c’est-a-dire un vieillissement du liant a des températures modérées dans un grand cylindre qui tourne dans une étuve sous un débit donné d’oxygene. Préalablement au vieillissement long terme selon la présente méthode, les échantillons sont préparés dans les conditions de leur mise en oeuvre sur la chaussée.
La présente méthode est aussi applicable aux bitumes modifiés et aux mastics.
NOTE Pour les liants destinés a etre utilisés en application bitumineuse a chaud, la méthode normale de pré conditionnement est soit l’une de celles données dans l’EN 12607-1 ou EN 12607-2 soit directement dans le cylindre RCAT, a un niveau équivalent de vieillissement. Pour les liants destinés aux applications en émulsion de bitume ou en bitumes fluidifiés, la stabilisation se fait normalement suivant l’EN 14895. Dans le cas des émulsions de bitume, la stabilisation peut aussi etre réalisée directement dans le cylindre RCAT sous flux d’azote (les parametres de quantité, de température, de durée ne sont pas encore mises au point).
AVERTISSEMENT L'utilisation de la présente Norme européenne peut impliquer le recours a de produits, des opérations et des équipements a caracteres dangereux, en particulier l’utilisation d’un courant d’oxygene comme atmosphere de vieillissement. La présente Norme européenne n'est pas censée aborder tous les problemes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de consulter et d'établir des regles d'hygiene et de sécurité appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation. S’il existe une présomption pour que le liant comporte plus de 1 % en fraction massique de composés volatils, il convient de ne pas utiliser cette procédure.
Bitumen in bitumenska veziva - Pospešeno staranje z rotacijsko cilindrično metodo (RCAT)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bitumen and bituminous binders - Accelerated long-term ageing/conditioning by the rotating cylinder method (RCAT)OLQGULþQRBitumes et liants bitumineux - Vieillissement/conditionnement long-terme accéléré par la méthode du cylindre tournant (RCAT)Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Beschleunigte Langzeit-Alterung mit dem Verfahren mit rotierendem Zylinder (RCAT)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15323:2007SIST EN 15323:2007en91.100.50Veziva. Tesnilni materialiBinders. Sealing materials75.140Voski, bitumni in drugi naftni proizvodiWaxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum productsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15323:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15323April 2007ICS 91.100.50 English VersionBitumen and bituminous binders - Accelerated long-termageing/conditioning by the rotating cylinder method (RCAT)Bitumes et liants bitumineux -Vieillissement/conditionnement long-terme accéléré par laméthode du cylindre tournant (RCAT)Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - BeschleunigteLangzeit-Alterung mit dem Verfahren mit rotierendemZylinder (RCAT)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15323:2007: E
EN 15323:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.5 5 Apparatus.5 6 Procedure.7 7 Precision.9 8 Report.10 Annex A (normative)
Short-term ageing/conditioning with the RCAT device (RCAT163).16 Annex B (normative)
Preparation of a mastic sample to be aged in the RCAT device.18 Annex C (informative)
Inspections and verifications.19 Bibliography.21
EN 15323:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15323:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2007. This European Standard is based upon documents [1], [2] and [3], referenced in Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 15323:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies an accelerated ageing/conditioning procedure for bitumen, bituminous binders and bituminous mastics. The procedure involves rotating cylinder ageing (RCA), i.e binder ageing at moderate temperatures in a large cylinder rotating in an oven under oxygen flow conditions. Prior to long-term ageing with this method, samples are prepared in the condition they would be applied to the road.
This method is also applicable to modified binders and bituminous mastics. NOTE For binders used in hot asphalt applications pre-conditioning of the sample would typically be by one of the methods given in EN 12607-1 or EN 12607-2 or directly in the RCAT cylinder to an equivalent ageing level. For binders used in bituminous emulsion and cut-back application, stabilising the sample would typically be by methods given in EN 14895. For bituminous emulsion, stabilising the sample can also be realised directly in the RCAT cylinder under a nitrogen flow (quantity-temperature-time have still to be experienced). WARNING — Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a flow of oxygen as ageing atmosphere. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood that more than 1 % mass fraction in a binder of volatile components is present, this procedure must not be used. 2 Normative references The following referenced standards are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Preparation of test samples EN 12607-1, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air – Part 1: RTFOT method EN 12607-2, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air – Part 2: TFOT method EN 14895, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Stabilisation of binder from bituminous emulsions or from cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
rotating cylinder ageing test
RCAT ageing procedure performed using a rotating cylinder 3.2 short-term ageing/conditioning conditioning a binder undergoes during the method described in EN 12607-1 and EN 12607-2 or directly in the rotating cylinder to an equivalent level of ageing
EN 15323:2007 (E) 5 NOTE 1 Short-term ageing/conditioning simulates the hardening which a bituminous binder undergoes during the mixing in an asphalt mixing plant NOTE 2 See Annex A 3.3 stabilisation conditioning of the binders from bituminous emulsions, cut-back or fluxed bitumen to produce residual binders to further determine their characteristics
NOTE E.g. the procedure described in EN 14895 3.4 long-term ageing ageing that the binder undergoes during its service life 3.5 accelerated long-term ageing conditioning simulated long-term ageing that the binder undergoes during the accelerated rotating cylinder ageing procedure.
NOTE 1 In the case of hot-mix asphalt binders the long-term ageing is carried out on binders that have already been conditioned through short-term ageing/conditioning.
NOTE 2 In the case of bituminous emulsions or cut-back or fluxed bitumen the long-term ageing is carried out on binders that have already been conditioned through the stabilisation procedure 3.6 mastic homogenous mixture of filler and bituminous binder
NOTE 1 The mixture can be prepared directly in the rotating cylinder
NOTE 2 See Annex B 4 Principle A rotating film of binder is heated to a specified temperature under a specified rotation speed and under a specified oxygen flow for a given period of time. This is to simulate the changes that occur to the binder during service (pavement or other bituminous applications, e.g. roofing).The standard procedure is RCAT90 as described in Subclause 6.4. For other purposes, e.g. research, other conditions may be used. The effects of this ageing procedure are evaluated on the residual binder after the test. However, as samples can be taken at intermediate exposure times, the ageing process can be monitored on the basis of a kinetic approach. NOTE Ageing of binders during service is affected by ambient temperature and air pressure as well as by mixture-associated variables such as volumetric mixture proportions, mixture permeability, aggregate properties and other factors. This procedure is intended to provide an evaluation of the relative ageing behaviour of binders under specified conditions, but cannot account entirely for mixture variables or provide relative resistance to ageing at in-service conditions. 5 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 5.1 Test system comprised of a cylinder with a grooved inner roller, an oxygen supply system with flow control devices, a forced–draft oven equipped with an appropriate outlet for the evacuation of volatile
EN 15323:2007 (E) 6 components and placed under an appropriate hood, temperature control/measuring devices, a temperature measuring apparatus and preferably, a temperature recording device (Figure 1). 5.2 Testing cylinder of stainless steel construction (Figure 2), with a volume of 3,7 l. The cylinder shall be closed at one end and be fitted with a removable screw-on closure at the other. An effective seal is provided by a heat- and solvent-resistant flat rubber gasket. The removable closure has a central orifice 42 mm to
43 mm in diameter through which it is possible to take small test samples at predetermined intervals ("exposure times"). During testing this opening is fitted with a PTFE plug (type 1) as illustrated in Figure 3. A long stainless steel tube is inserted through the opening in this plug to provide an oxygen atmosphere (Figure 4). 5.3 Grooved solid stainless steel roller 34 mm in diameter (Figure 2) making a gravity-induced rotating movement about its axis inside the rotating cylinder. This roller is fitted at both ends with a rim 3,5 mm thick and 40 mm in diameter. Using this roller, the binder in the cylinder is constantly pressed and distributed against the inner wall of the cylinder. As a result, the bitumen surface exposed to oxygen is constantly renewed and remixed with the bulk of the mass of binder. 5.4 Drive mechanism rotating the testing cylinder about its axis on two round drive bars in a ventilated oven. The mechanism is such that the cylinder makes one revolution per minute (1 ± 0,05) r/min. 5.5 Forced-draft oven to be used with 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4, capable of bringing the oven temperature to the desired ageing temperature ± 0,5 °C, as recorded by a suitable thermometer, within 1 h and maintaining the temperature of the binder inside the cylinder at the ageing temperature ± 0,5 °C. The oven is thermostatically controllable by a control and measuring device with a reading to 0,1 °C. The oven shall have interior dimensions 480 mm x 380 mm x 500 mm (width x height x depth) ± 20 mm and a protected cylindrical fan that is able to efficiently homogenize the temperature of the air. The temperature in the oven shall be set very accurately (between 70 °C and 95 °C, depending on the test). It must remain constant to within ± 0,5 °C during the procedure. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — The ageing procedure operates at high temperatures and with a slow flow of oxygen. All safety guidelines issued by the equipment manufacturer must be followed. 5.6 Pressure reducer fitted with a pressure gauge adjustable between 0 MPa and 0,5 MPa (5 bar) with 0,01 MPa subdivisions. If possible, the pressure reducer should be fitted with a sensitive excess flow valve. Otherwise, a general control needle valve shall be used to limit oxygen flow to approximately 10 l/h in case of a break in the oxygen line. 5.7 Oxygen temperature safety break valve which prevents oxygen flow when the temperature in the oven exceeds 105 °C during the ageing procedure when operating with oxygen. 5.8 Oxygen flow meter that can be adjusted over a measuring range of 0 l/h to 10 l/h with 0,5 l/h subdivisions. The rate of this flow shall be (4,5 ± 0,5) l/h. 5.9 Spiral-shaped stainless steel tube (2 m to 3 m long, 6 mm to 6,35 mm in diameter, approximately 1 mm in wall thickness) to preheat the oxygen as it passes through and before it is released into the cylinder. 5.10 Temperature probe accurate to 0,1 °C, for measuring the temperature inside the cylinder when calibrating the device (Annex C). The thermometer shall be calibrated to an accuracy of ± 0,1 °C at appropriate intervals. This thermometer (or a second one) may also be used to monitor the temperature of the oven. NOTE A Resistance Thermal Detector (RTD) has been found to be suitable.
EN 15323:2007 (E) 7 5.11 Temperature recording device with a data acquisition system, capable of recording the temperature throughout the test to 0,1 °C. 5.12 Balance capable of weighing 10,0 kg to an accuracy of ± 0,1 g. 5.13 Multi purpose oven(s) capable of maintaining a temperature up to 200 °C with an accuracy of ± 5 °C. 5.14 Sampling spoon (Figure 5) to take samples of the aged binder at predetermined exposure times, with a view to monitoring the ageing process. NOTE Exposure times are generally 17 h, 65 h and 140 h when ageing is performed at 90 °C (to comply with normal working hours, long-term ageing conditioning is best started between 3 h and 5 h in the afternoon according to the longest procedure involved). 5.15 Commercial bottled oxygen. A sufficient supply of pressurised oxygen shall be available to carry out the procedure; commercially available bottled oxygen is suitable for this. Purity: ≥ 99,9 volume %. 6 Procedure SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — Use laboratory safety procedures in handling the hot asphalt binder when preparing the specimens and removing the residue from the cylinder. 6.1 Ageing of mastics When RCAT ageing is performed on a mastic, the mastic is prepared directly in the cylinder as described in Annex B. After mixing, a sample of approximately 25 g is taken for characterization. After that, apply the procedure detailed in Subclauses 6.2 (RCAT163 conditioning) or 6.4 (where the word “binder” is replaced by “mastic”). 6.2 Preconditioning The binder is first preconditioned as necessary to simulate the condition in which it would be applied to the road. For binders to be used in hot asphalt applications the preconditioning of the sample would typically be by one of the methods in EN 12607-1 or EN 12607-2. Short-term ageing/conditioning can also be performed directly in the RCAT according to the procedure RCAT163 described in Annex A. If possible, this method should be used, as the two ageing procedures are then performed in the same device. The procedure used shall be stated in the report. For reference purposes, RTFOT procedure according to EN 12607-1 is used. As it is necessary to prepare more than one set of samples in the short-term ageing/conditioning or stabilisation procedure (either EN 12607-1, EN 12607-2 or EN 14895), it is permissible to combine and homogenise sub-samples to obtain a sufficient quantity (550 g to 600 g) for the RCAT procedure. All of the residue shall be combined and any supplementary heating to homogenise the residue shall be kept to a minimum. Therefore, short-term ageing/conditioning shall be performed by preference directly in the RCAT device (Annex A) and the long-term ageing may then be applied immediately after cooling to less than 5 °C above the test temperature. If EN 12607-1 or EN 12607-2 is used, the hot residue may be poured immediately into the RCAT cylinder or allowed to cool for RCAT testing later. If allowed to cool, the container with the binder shall be covered and stored at ambient temperature. When it is to be used, the sample shall be re-heated as in Subclause 6.3. In any event, heating shall be carried out for the minimum possible time and the sample is stirred prior to pouring into the cylinder.
EN 15323:2007 (E) 8 6.3 Preparing the binder The day before the test, heat the ageing oven as well as the cylinder and the roller to the chosen test temperature: typically 90 °C (RCAT90). If another long-term ageing test temperature is chosen, all figures referring to 90 °C shall be modified accordingly. If the cylinder and the roller can be preheated in a separate oven, heating of the ageing device may be switched on just before preparing the binder as described hereafter. Preparation of the laboratory sample to be aged shall be performed starting with a divided sample or with a recovered preconditioned sample. The sample with a mass of approximately 650 g to a maximum of 900 g shall be in a metallic container. On the starting day of the ageing procedure prepare the binder sample according to EN 12594. NOTE 1 When the longest procedure is involved (i.e. preparing a mastic + short-term ageing by RCAT163) it is advised to attempt to reduce the p
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