SIST EN 13205-4:2014
(Main)Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations
Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations
This European Standard specifies a method for testing aerosol samplers based on comparison of concentrations under prescribed laboratory conditions in order to verify whether the performance of a candidate sampler fulfils the requirements of EN 13205 1:2014
This part of EN 13205 is applicable to all samplers used for the health-related sampling of particles in workplace air.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messsung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 4: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf dem Vergleich der Konzentrationen
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Prüfung von Aerosolsammlern auf der Grundlage eines Vergleichs von Konzentrationen unter vorgeschriebenen Laborbedingungen fest, um zu prüfen, ob die Leistungsfähigkeit eines zu prüfenden Sammlers die Anforderungen nach EN 13205 1:2014 erfüllt.
Dieser Teil von EN 13205 gilt für alle Sammler, die für die gesundheitsbezogene Probenahme von Partikeln aus der Luft am Arbeitsplatz eingesetzt werden.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour la mesure des concentrations de particules en suspension dans l'air - Partie 4: Essai de performances en laboratoire par comparaison des concentrations
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode pour soumettre à essai des dispositifs de prélèvement d'aérosols en se fondant sur la comparaison de concentrations dans des conditions de laboratoire prescrites, afin de vérifier si la performance d'un dispositif de prélèvement à évaluer satisfait aux exigences de l’EN 13205-1:2014.
La présente partie de l'EN 13205 s'applique à tous les dispositifs de prélèvement utilisés pour le prélèvement, à des fins sanitaires, des particules présentes sur les lieux de travail.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Ocenjevanje lastnosti merilnikov za merjenje koncentracij lebdečih delcev - 4. del: Preskušanje usposobljenosti laboratorija na podlagi primerjave koncentracij
Standard EN 13205-4 določa metodo za preskušanje merilnikov aerosolov, ki temelji na primerjavi koncentracij pod določenimi laboratorijskimi pogoji, da se preveri, ali delovanje merilnika kandidata izpolnjuje zahteve iz standarda EN 13205-1:2014. Ta del standarda EN 13205 velja za vse merilnike, ki se uporabljajo za vzorčenje delcev v zraku, ki vplivajo na zdravje na delovnem mestu.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messsung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 4: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf dem Vergleich der KonzentrationenExposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour la mesure des concentrations de particules en suspension dans l'air - Partie 4: Essai de performances en laboratoire par comparaison des concentrationsWorkplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations13.040.30Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestuWorkplace atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13205-4:2014SIST EN 13205-4:2014en,fr,de01-september-2014SIST EN 13205-4:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13205:20021DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13205-4
June 2014 ICS 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 13205:2001English Version
Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour la mesure des concentrations de particules en suspension dans l'air - Partie 4: Essai de performances en laboratoire par comparaison des concentrations
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 4: Laborprüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit basierend auf dem Vergleich der Konzentrationen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 May 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
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Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13205-4:2014 ESIST EN 13205-4:2014
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6 4.1 Symbols . 6 4.1.1 Latin . 6 4.1.2 Greek . 8 4.2 Enumerating subscripts . 8 4.3 Abbreviations . 8 5 Principle . 9 6 Test method . 9 6.1 General . 9 6.2 Test conditions . 9 6.3 Test variables . 10 6.3.1 General . 10 6.3.2 Particle size . 11 6.3.3 Wind speed . 12 6.3.4 Wind direction . 12 6.3.5 Aerosol composition . 12 6.3.6 Collected mass or internally separated mass . 12 6.3.7 Specimen variability . 12 6.3.8 Excursion from the nominal flow rate . 12 7 Experimental requirements . 13 8 Calculation of sampler bias and expanded uncertainty . 14 8.1 Sampler bias . 14 8.2 Correction factor . 15 8.3 Sources of uncertainty (of measurement) . 15 8.3.1 Principle . 15 8.3.2 Test aerosol concentration, as determined using the validated sampler(s) . 15 8.3.3 Validated sampler . 16 8.3.4 Candidate sampler bias . 16 8.3.5 Individual candidate sampler variability . 17 8.3.6 Excursion from the nominal flow rate . 17 8.4 Combined standard uncertainty . 19 8.4.1 General . 19 8.4.2 Candidate sampler without any coupling between the flow rate and internal penetration . 19 8.4.3 Candidate sampler with a coupling between the flow rate and internal penetration . 20 8.4.4 Combined uncertainty per influence variable value . 20 8.4.5 Distinction between different values of the influence variables . 21 8.4.6 Non-distinction between different values of the influence variables . 21 8.5 Expanded uncertainty . 22 9 Test report . 22 9.1 General . 22 SIST EN 13205-4:2014
1) The inhalable convention is undefined for particle sizes in excess of 100 µm or for wind speeds greater than 4 m/s. The tests required to assess performance are therefore limited to these conditions. Should such large particle sizes or wind speeds actually exist at the time of sampling, it is possible that different samplers meeting this part of EN 13205 give different results. SIST EN 13205-4:2014
NAi number of test aerosols for influence variable valueςi
NIV number of values for the other influence variables at which tests were performed SIST EN 13205-4:2014
NQ0iar number of candidate samplers operating at the nominal flow rate at repeat r for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi
NQ+iar number of candidate samplers operating at the higher flow rate at repeat r for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi
NQ-iar number of candidate samplers operating at the lower flow rate at repeat r for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi
NValid number of reference samplers (validated samplers) used per repeat experiment
NRepia number of repeats per sampler individual for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi
NSiar number of candidate samplers used per experiment at repeat r for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi
NSrtl number of candidate samplers used (in the experiment to determine any dependence on sampled mass or internally separated mass) with partial sampling period l in run r for sampling time t
Q0 nominal flow rate of sampler, [l/min]
Q+ higher flow rate used for the candidate sampler in the performance test for the effect of flow excursions, [l/min]
Q- lower flow rate used for the candidate sampler in the performance test for the effect of flow excursions, [l/min] Riars concentration ratio of the candidate sampler individual s for repeat r of the test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi to the corresponding test aerosol concentration, defined asRiars=XiarsYiar, [-] Ria average concentration ratio for test aerosol a at influence variable valueςi, [-]
sValidConciars relative uncertainty of test aerosol concentration at position of candidate samplers in test system of test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi repeat r and candidate sampler individual s, [-]
UCandSampl expanded uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampl combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampli combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Biasi standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to bias (non-random errors) in relation to the sampling convention of the candidate sampler at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Flowi standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the calculated sampled concentration, due to flow rate deviation at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-nR combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-]
uCandSampl-nRi combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (non-random errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-R combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to the candidate sampler, [-] SIST EN 13205-4:2014
uCandSampl-Ri combined uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to the candidate sampler, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uCandSampl-Variabilityi standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the sampled concentration (random errors) due to differences among candidate sampler individuals at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uValidConci standard uncertainty (of measurement) of test aerosol concentration (random errors) at the position of candidate samplers in test system, at influence variable valueςi, [-]
uValidSampl-nR standard uncertainty of the validated sampler (non-random errors), [-] Xiarm concentration of the candidate sampler individual m operated either at the nominal flow rate ( Q0) or the higher or lower flow rates ( Q+and Q-, respectively), for repeat r of the test aerosol a, at influence variable valueςi, [mg/m3] Xiars concentration of the candidate sampler individual s, for repeat r of the test aerosol a, at influence variable valueςi, [mg/m3] Yiar aerosol concentration (measured with a validated sampler) for the repeat r of test aerosol a, at influence variable valueςi, [mg/m3] 4.1.2 Greek
δFlowSet maximum relative error allowed in setting the flow rate, [-] – Annex A and B
δPump maximum relative change in flow rate allowed by pump flow rate stability, [-] ς other influence variable, as for example wind speed and mass loading of sampler, with values for i = 1 to NIV, [various dimensions] ςi ith value of another influence variable NOTE The dimension of each ςi depends on the influence variable. The dimension selected, however, is not critical, as the values are never part in any calculation. 4.2 Enumerating subscripts a for test aerosols I
for selected value of distinguishable values of an influence variable i for influence variable values, ς, i0
for selected value of non-distinguishable values of an influence variable which causes the largest combined standard uncertainty for the candidate sampler m for the candidate sampler individuals operating at the nominal, lower, and higher flow rate, respectively, in the test for the effect of flow excursions s for candidate sampler individual 4.3 Abbreviations RMS Root Mean Square SIST EN 13205-4:2014
2) Useful guidance on the generation of suitable test aerosols is given by VDI 2066, VDI 3489 and VDI 3491.
3) For examples of performance evaluations of personal inhalable samplers, see Bibliography, references [1] to [4]. SIST EN 13205-4:2014
Internally separated mass corresponding to: maximum uncollected concentration x nominal flow rate x sampling time 3 6.3.6 Sampler specimen variability C* Test group to be as large as possible ≥ 6 6.3.7 Excursion from the nominal flow rate C* Nominal flow rate plus lower and higher flow rate, at one wind speed ≥ six specimen tested at three flow rates 6.3.8 C compulsory C* compulsory for some sampler types or uses only O optional
6.3.2 Particle size Choose test dusts suitable for generating three polydisperse test aerosols. For thoracic or respirable samplers, the percentage of aerosol mass contained in the thoracic or respirable fraction (as appropriate) shall be approximately 10 % for the first aerosol, 50 % for the second aerosol, and 90 % for the third aerosol. For inhalable aerosol samplers the mass median diameters of the test aerosols shall be well spaced, all mass median diameters shall exceed 15 µm and for all test aerosols shall at least 85 % of the aerosol mass be contained in particles with aerodynamic diameters below 100 µm. It is very important that the validated sampler is operated with as constant flow rate as possible, for example, within ± 2 %. This can be achieved by critical orifices or by using mass flow controllers. NOTE It can be advantageous to also use several validated sampler individuals. See Clause 8. SIST EN 13205-4:2014
Q+=1+δFlowSet3()Q0 (where
Q0 is the nominal flow rate), one third of the samplers are set to an initial flow rate equal to
Q-=1−δFlowSet3()Q0 and one third to the nominal flow rate,
Q0. In these equations
δFlowSet and
δPump are the maximum relative error allowed in setting the flow rate and the maximum relative change in flow rate allowed by pump flow rate stability. If critical orifices or other devices whose flow is of an extremely high constancy are used the initial flow rates shall instead be set to
Q±=1±δPump+δFlowSet()6()Q0. 7 Experimental requirements 7.1 The experimental system shall have the characteristics as described in 7.2 to 7.8. 7.2 The aerosol experiments shall be carried out in a test atmosphere with a temperature in a range from 15 °C to 25 °C, pressure in a range from 960 hPa to 1050 hPa and a relative humidity in a range from 20 % to 70 %, unless the candidate sampler is to be used in more extreme environments, in which case the conditions of use shall be reproduced as closely as possible. A full description of the test environment shall be given in the test report, and the actual conditions existing at the time of testing documented. 7.3 The requirements for the mass distribution of the test aerosols shall be verified by sampling from the airborne state at the measurement position. If the critical review indicates that agglomerates can break up during sampling, the degree of agglomeration of the test aerosol shall be investigated and described in the test report. 7.4 The test aerosols shall consist of non-condensing, non-evaporating and non-coagulating particles. For tests in either a wind tunnel or aerosol chamber, the test aerosols shall be spatially homogeneous with respect to both size distribution and concentration. The aerosol concentration and sampling time shall be sufficient to ensure that analytical errors in the experiment are less than 2 %. The homogeneity within the testing section shall be sufficient to ensure that errors in the estimate of validated sampler concentration are unbiased, and the relative standard deviation of the test aerosol concentration within the testing section shall be lower than 10 %. The distance to the dust source, and the vertical positions of inlets, shall be the same for both the candidate sampler and the validated sampler (type A). 7.5 The actual values of wind speed (or any other environmental variable) during the test runs shall not differ by more than 10 % or 0,03 m/s (whichever is greatest) from the target value, over the area in which test specimens are situated. Where a wind tunnel is used the blockage by the samplers shall be less than 20 %. The turbulence length scale and intensity in the wind tunnel shall be measured, if possible, and documented in the test report; the values shall be kept constant for each of the test wind speeds4). NOTE It is envisaged that it will be easier to realise an experimental set-up for the low wind speed in calm air. 7.6 Sampler specimens may be tested together provided they are not so close that they interfere. The experimental design shall be capable of isolating and eliminating any positional effects from the experiment. Samplers shall be tested together with their appropriate holders; the plane of the inlet shall be orientated as in field sampling. The positions and orientations used shall be documented. The positions at which personal samplers are placed on a mannequin or simulated torso (if used) during testing shall be representative of where they are designed to be used, unless it can be shown that such positional effects are not significant.
4) The effects of turbulence on sampler performance are not yet well understood and the documentation of turbulence length scales and intensities will enable a study to be carried out. However, turbulence intensity and length scale are difficult to measure, and require sophisticated equipment. For good estimates for grid-generated turbulence, see Bibliography, reference [5].
Xiars and the test aerosol concentration Yiar from Formula (1),
Riars=XiarsYiar (1) where
Riars is the concentration ratio;
Xiars is the concentration of the candidate sampler individual, and
Yiar is the aerosol concentration (measured with a validated sampler). If the concentrations at the positions of the candidate sampler individuals are not known to be the same as where the validated sampler concentration is determined, two different methods may be employed to obtain unbiased concentration ratios: 1) The concentration differences may either be estimated separately and subsequently corrected for (after the experiment), or 2) an experimental design that can factor out the position effect (during the experiment) is employed. For each test condition, calculate the average concentration ratio over the candidate samplers and the runs with the candidate sampler from Formula (2):
Ria=1NRepia1NSiarRiarss=1NSiar∑r=1NRepia∑ (2) where
NRepia is the number of repeats per sampler individual for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi;
NSiar is the number of candidate samplers; and SIST EN 13205-4:2014
Ria is the average concentration ratio. 8.2 Correction factor A correction factor, c, stated either in the manufacturer’s instructions for use or in the relevant measuring procedure shall be applied to the sampled concentrations. No other correction factor may be applied to the sampled concentrations. If no correction factor is stated, c is assigned a value of 1,00. The value chosen for c shall be clearly stated in the sampler test report. 8.3 Sources of uncertainty (of measurement) 8.3.1 Principle In a type B evaluation there are fewer sources of uncertainty (of measurement) to determine than in a type A evaluation. The following sources of uncertainty (of measurement) shall be evaluated: — test aerosol concentration, as determined using the validated sampler(s) (see 8.3.2); — validated sampler (see 8.3.3); — sampler bias (see 8.3.4); — individual sampler variability (see 8.3.5); and — excursion from the nominal flow rate (see 8.3.6). 8.3.2 Test aerosol concentration, as determined using the validated sampler(s) Any possible inhomogeneity of the test aerosol concentration in the test system shall be evaluated separately. The calculation of the uncertainty describing the inhomogeneity depends on how it was evaluated. NOTE Such methods can be found in text books on statistical methods. For each influence variable value, calculate from Formula (3)
uValidConci2=1NAi1NRepia1NSiarsValidConciars2s=1NSiar∑r=1NRepia∑a=1NAi∑ (3) where
NAi is the number of test aerosols for influence variable value ςi;
NRepia is the number of repeats per sampler individual for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi;
NSiar is the number of candidate samplers used per experiment at repeat r for test aerosol a at influence variable value ςi;
sValidConciars describes the relative uncertainty of the test aerosol concentration, however it is determined (for example, as an average based on
NValid validated samplers), for test aerosol a and other influence variable value ςi, and candidate sampler individual s and repeat r; and SIST EN 13205-4:2014
uValidConci is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) of test aerosol concentration at the position of candidate samplers in test system, at influence variable value ςi. NOTE If the test aerosol concentration is averaged from
NValid validated samplers, the random uncertainty components of the test aerosol concentrations are reduced by a factor of
1NValid. 8.3.3 Validated sampler The random uncertainties due to the experiment and the measured test aerosol concentration, as determined by the validated sampler, will incorporate the random uncertainties of the validated sampler. Only the non-random uncertainty components of th
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