SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021

Sound system equipment - Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers (IEC 60268-22:2020)

This part of IEC 60268 applies to transducers converting an electrical input signal into a
mechanical or acoustical output signal. However, if the electrical input terminals and the surface
of the radiator are accessible, this document can also apply to passive and active sound
systems such as loudspeakers, headphones, TV-sets, multi-media devices, personal portable
audio devices, automotive sound systems and professional equipment. This document
describes only electrical and mechanical measurements that help assess the transfer behaviour
of the device under test (DUT). This includes operating the DUT in both the small- and largesignal
domains. The influence of the target application's acoustical boundary conditions (e.g.
car interior) can also be considered in the physical evaluation of the sound system. Perception
and cognitive evaluations of the reproduced sound and the impact of perceived sound quality
are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE This document does not apply to microphones and other sensors. Implementation of this document does not
require access to the sound pressures generated in the near or far fields of the radiator. Directivity and other
characteristics describing the electro-acoustical transfer properties are described in IEC 60268-21, which covers
acoustical measurements.The practical application of the measurements for research and development (R&D), endof-
line testing (QC) and evaluation in the final target application (TA) is discussed in Annex A.

Elektroakustische Geräte - Teil 22: Elektrische und mechanische Messungen an Wandlern (IEC 60268-22:2020)

Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques - Partie 22: Mesurages électriques et mécaniques sur transducteurs (IEC 60268-22:2020)

L'IEC 60268-22:2020 s'applique aux transducteurs qui convertissent un signal d'entrée électrique en signal de sortie mécanique ou acoustique. Toutefois, si les bornes d'entrée électriques et la surface du radiateur sont accessibles, le présent document peut également s'appliquer aux systèmes électroacoustiques passifs et actifs tels que les haut parleurs, les casques d'écoute, les téléviseurs, les appareils multimédias, les appareils audio personnels portables, les systèmes électroacoustiques pour automobile et les équipements professionnels. Le présent document ne décrit que les mesurages électriques et mécaniques qui aident à évaluer le comportement de transfert de l'appareil soumis à l'essai (DUT). Cela comprend le fonctionnement du DUT dans les domaines des signaux faibles et des signaux forts. L'influence des conditions de limite acoustique de l'application visée (par exemple, habitacle d'un véhicule) peut également être prise en considération dans l'évaluation physique du système électroacoustique. La perception et les évaluations cognitives du son reproduit et l'impact de la qualité acoustique perçue n'entrent pas dans le domaine d'application du présent document.

Oprema zvokovnega sistema - 22. del: Električne in mehanske meritve na pretvornikih (IEC 60268-22: 2020)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Jun-2021
• ICS: 33.160.30 - Audio systems
• Technical Committee: AVM - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 12-Nov-2020
• Due Date: 17-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 04-Jun-2021
• Ref Project: EN IEC 60268-22:2020 - Sound system equipment - Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
01-julij-2021
Oprema zvokovnega sistema - 22. del: Električne in mehanske meritve na
pretvornikih (IEC 60268-22: 2020)
Sound system equipment - Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on
transducers (IEC 60268-22:2020)
Elektroakustische Geräte - Teil 22: Elektrische und mechanische Messungen an
Wandlern (IEC 60268-22:2020)
Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques - Partie 22: Mesurages électriques et
mécaniques sur transducteurs (IEC 60268-22:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60268-22:2020
ICS:
33.160.30 Avdio sistemi Audio systems
SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60268-22

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2020
ICS 33.160.01

English Version
Sound system equipment - Part 22: Electrical and mechanical
measurements on transducers
(IEC 60268-22:2020)
Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques - Partie 22: Elektroakustische Geräte - Teil 22: Elektrische und
Mesurages électriques et mécaniques sur transducteurs mechanische Messungen an Wandlern
(IEC 60268-22:2020) (IEC 60268-22:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-10-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN IEC 60268-22:2020 E

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
EN IEC 60268-22:2020 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 100/3311/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 60268-22, prepared by IEC/TC 100
"Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 60268-22:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-07-29
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-10-29
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60268-22:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60068-2 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60068-2 (series)
2

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
EN IEC 60268-22:2020 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60263 1982 Scales and sizes for plotting frequency - -
characteristics and polar diagrams
IEC 60268-1 1985 Sound system equipment. Part 1: General HD 483.1 S2 1989
IEC 60268-2 1987 Sound system equipment. Part 2: Explanation HD 483.2 S2 1993
of general terms and calculation methods
IEC 60268-11 1987 Sound system equipment. Part 11: Application HD 483.11 S3 1993
of connectors for the interconnection of sound
system components
IEC 60268-12 1987 Sound system equipment. Part 12: Application EN 60268-12 1995
of connectors for broadcast and similar use
IEC 60268-21 2018 Sound system equipment - Part 21: Acoustical EN IEC 60268-21 2018
(output-based) measurements
IEC 62458 2010 Sound system equipment - Electroacoustical EN 62458 2011
transducers - Measurement of large signal
parameters
IEC 62459 2010 Sound system equipment - Electroacoustical EN 62459 2011
transducers - Measurement of suspension
parts
ISO 3 1973 Preferred numbers - Series of preferred - -
numbers
ISO/IEC GUM 1995 Guide to the expression of uncertainty in - -
measurement (GUM)

3

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021




IEC 60268-22

®


Edition 1.0 2020-09




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME


INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Sound system equipment –

Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers



Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques –

Partie 22: Mesurages électriques et mécaniques sur transducteurs
















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 33.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-8815-3




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
– 2 – IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 Type description . 9
5 Marking of terminals and controls . 9
6 Physical characteristics . 9
6.1 Dimensions . 9
6.2 Mass . 10
6.3 Connectors and cable assemblies . 10
7 Conditions . 10
7.1 Rated conditions . 10
7.2 Climatic conditions . 10
7.3 Standard measuring conditions . 10
8 Test signals . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Small-signal condition . 11
9 Acoustical environment . 11
9.1 General . 11
9.2 Free-field conditions . 11
9.3 Half-space, free-field conditions . 12
9.4 Free-air condition . 12
9.5 Target application conditions . 12
9.6 Vacuum condition . 12
9.7 Plane-wave tube condition . 12
9.8 Non-acoustical measurement condition . 12
10 Positioning of the radiator . 13
10.1 Rated geometrical conditions . 13
10.2 Target application condition . 14
11 Measurement equipment and test results . 14
12 Accuracy of the mechanical and electrical measurement . 14
13 Mounting of the DUT . 14
13.1 Mounting and acoustic loading of drive units . 14
13.2 Mounting and acoustic loading of an electro-acoustic system . 15
13.3 Requirements for laser vibrometry . 15
14 Preconditioning . 15
15 Rated ambient conditions . 15
15.1 Temperature ranges . 15
15.2 Humidity ranges . 15
16 Electrical signals at transducer terminals . 16
16.1 Rated maximum input value . 16
17 Electrical input power . 17

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IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
17.1 Real input power . 17
17.2 Power dissipated in DC resistance . 17
17.3 Power dissipated in rated impedance . 18
17.4 Rated maximum input power . 18
18 Electrical input impedance . 18
18.1 Complex electrical impedance . 18
18.2 Rated Impedance: characteristic to be specified . 19
19 Vibration of the radiator surface . 19
19.1 General . 19
19.2 Displacement of a surface point r . 19
r
19.3 Reference displacement. 20
19.4 Peak and bottom displacement . 21
19.5 DC displacement . 21
19.6 Displacement transfer function . 22
19.7 Accumulated acceleration level . 22
20 Small-signal lumped parameters . 23
20.1 General . 23
20.2 Electrical parameters . 24
20.3 Relative lumped parameters . 25
20.4 Lumped mechanical parameters. 28
20.5 Pure lumped mechanical parameters . 31
20.6 Compliance versus frequency . 31
20.7 Distributed mechanical parameters . 32
20.8 Lumped acoustical parameters . 36
21 Electro-acoustical efficiency . 40
21.1 Reference efficiency . 40
21.2 Passband efficiency . 41
22 Sensitivity . 41
22.1 Reference sensitivity . 41
22.2 Passband sensitivity . 42
23 Large-signal characteristics . 42
23.1 Electrical and mechanical nonlinearities . 42
23.2 Other loudspeaker nonlinearities . 43
23.3 Asymmetry of the nonlinearity . 43
23.4 Offset from reference rest position, x . 45
off
23.5 Maximum reference displacement . 46
24 Thermal characteristics . 48
24.1 General . 48
24.2 Increase in voice coil temperature . 48
24.3 Effective thermal resistance . 49
24.4 Thermal parameters . 49
24.5 Thermal time constant of the voice coil . 50
24.6 Thermal bypass factor. 50
25 Time variance of the loudspeaker characteristics . 50
25.1 Fatigue and load induced aging . 50
26 Measurement uncertainty . 52
Annex A (informative) Practical application guide . 54

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Bibliography . 55

Figure 1 – Rated conditions used to describe the geometry and position of the radiator
in the coordinate system . 13
Figure 2 – Equivalent electrical network representing the electrical input impedance

using the LR2 model for the lossy inductance of an electro-dynamical transducer . 23
Figure 3 – Analogous lumped parameter network representing the electrical,
mechanical and acoustical elements at low frequencies . 27
Figure 4 – Asymmetrical mass distribution function D (y,z ) in the mechanical system
M 0
of a microspeaker that shifts the centre of gravity away from the pivot point . 34
Figure 5 – Equivalent electrical network of a transducer operated in a baffle

represented by pure mechanical elements and additional acoustical elements . 38
Figure 6 – Equivalent electrical network representing the electrical input impedance of
a vented loudspeaker system . 39
Figure 7 – Nonlinear force factor characteristic of an electro-dynamical transducer . 45

Table A.1 – Important characteristics and their application . 54

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT –

Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60628-22 has been prepared by technical area 20: Analogue and
digital audio, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and
equipment.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/3311/CDV 100/3424/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60268 series, published under the general title Sound system
equipment, can be found on the IEC website.

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
– 6 – IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Measurements of the electrical and mechanical state variables have become increasingly
important for the following reasons:
• Maximum sound pressure output is limited by voice coil heating and transducer
nonlinearities. The large signal behaviour of loudspeakers can be described by nonlinear
and thermal models using lumped parameters. These physical characteristics are important
for transducer design and system integration.
• Mechanical vibration of the diaphragm determines the radiated sound. The modal vibration
of the radiator's surface can be predicted by numerical simulations (FEA) and directly
measured by laser vibrometry. This data represents important transducer characteristics
that can be used to design the desired directivity into the system's acoustical output.
• DSP plays an important role in active systems. Digital pre-processing of the audio stream
requires reliable transducer property information to protect the transducer against thermal
and mechanical overload and to actively compensate for linear and nonlinear distortion
generated in the output signal.

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SOUND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT –

Part 22: Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60268 applies to transducers converting an electrical input signal into a
mechanical or acoustical output signal. However, if the electrical input terminals and the surface
of the radiator are accessible, this document can also apply to passive and active sound
systems such as loudspeakers, headphones, TV-sets, multi-media devices, personal portable
audio devices, automotive sound systems and professional equipment. This document
describes only electrical and mechanical measurements that help assess the transfer behaviour
of the device under test (DUT). This includes operating the DUT in both the small- and large-
signal domains. The influence of the target application's acoustical boundary conditions (e.g.
car interior) can also be considered in the physical evaluation of the sound system. Perception
and cognitive evaluations of the reproduced sound and the impact of perceived sound quality
are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE This document does not apply to microphones and other sensors. Implementation of this document does not
require access to the sound pressures generated in the near or far fields of the radiator. Directivity and other
characteristics describing the electro-acoustical transfer properties are described in IEC 60268-21, which covers
acoustical measurements.The practical application of the measurements for research and development (R&D), end-
of-line testing (QC) and evaluation in the final target application (TA) is discussed in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60263:1982, Scales and sizes for plotting frequency characteristics and polar diagrams
IEC 60268-1:1985, Sound system equipment – Part 1: General
IEC 60268-2:1987, Sound system equipment – Part 2: Explanation of general terms and
calculation methods
IEC 60268-11:1987, Sound system equipment – Part 11: Application of connectors for the
interconnection of sound system components
IEC 60268-12:1987, Sound system equipment – Part 12: Application of connectors for
broadcast and similar use
IEC 60268-12:1987/AMD1:1991
IEC 60268-21:2018, Sound system equipment – Part 21: Acoustical (output-based)
measurements
IEC 62458:2010, Sound system equipment – Electroacoustical transducers – Measurement of
large signal parameters
IEC 62459:2010, Sound system equipment – Electroacoustical transducers – Measurement of
suspension parts

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SIST EN IEC 60268-22:2021
IEC 60268-22:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
ISO 3:1973, Preferred numbers – Series of preferred numbers
ISO/IEC GUM:1995, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electroped
...