SIST EN ISO 16000-7:2008
Indoor air - Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations (ISO 16000-7:2007)
Indoor air - Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations (ISO 16000-7:2007)
This part of ISO 16000 specifies procedures to be used in planning of air measurements to determine the concentrations of as bestos in indoor atmospheres. Careful planning of the measurement strategy is important, because the results can become the basis of recommendations for major building renovations, or for the return of a building to normal occupancy status after removal of asbestos-containing materials. This part of ISO 16000 uses the following definition for indoor environments as specified in ISO 16000-1: dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, do-it-yourself (DIY) rooms, recreation rooms, cellars, kitchens and bathrooms; workrooms or workplaces in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to air pollutants (for example, offices and sales premises); public and commercial buildings (for example, hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres and other function rooms); cabins of vehicles and public transport.
Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 7: Probenahmestrategie zur Bestimmung luftgetragener Asbestfaserkonzentrationen (ISO 16000-7:2007)
In diesem Teil der ISO 16000 werden Verfahren festgelegt, die bei der Planung von Luftuntersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Asbestkonzentrationen im Innenraum verwendet werden. Die sorgfältige Planung der Messstrategie ist sehr wichtig, weil die Ergebnisse als Basis für die Empfehlungen für größere Gebäudesanierungen dienen oder für die Wiedereinstufung des Gebäudes in den Benutzbarkeitsstatus nach der Entfernung asbesthaltiger Materialien verwendet werden.
In diesem Teil der EN ISO 16000 wird die folgende Definition, so wie die in ISO 16000-1 festgelegt ist, für den Innenraum verwendet:
Wohnungen mit Wohn , Schlaf , Bastel , Sport , Kellerräumen, Küchen und Badezimmern;
Arbeitsräume bzw. Arbeitsplätze in Gebäuden, die nicht im Hinblick auf Luftschadstoffe arbeitsschutz-rechtlichen Kontrollen unterliegen (so z. B. Büros und Verkaufsräume);
öffentliche und kommerzielle Gebäude (z. B. Krankenhäuser, Altersheime, Schulen, Kindergärten, Sporthallen, Bibliotheken, Restaurants und Gaststätten, Theater und andere Veranstaltungsräume);
Fahrgasträume von Kraftfahrzeugen und öffentliche Verkehrsmittel.
Air intérieur - Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la détermination des concentrations en fibres d'amiante en suspension dans l'air (ISO 16000-7:2007)
L'ISO 16000-7:2007 spécifie les modes opératoires à employer dans la planification des mesurages de l'air pour la détermination des concentrations en amiante des atmosphères intérieures. Il est important de planifier attentivement la stratégie de mesurage car les résultats peuvent constituer la base de recommandations visant les rénovations majeures d'un bâtiment ou le retour à la normale de l'occupation d'un bâtiment après retrait des matériaux contenant de l'amiante.
L'ISO 16000-7:2007 utilise la définition des environnements intérieurs telle que spécifiée dans l'ISO 16000-1: habitations possédant des séjours, des chambres à coucher, des pièces pour le bricolage, des salles de jeu, des caves, des cuisines et des salles de bain; pièces ou lieux de travail au sein des bâtiments non soumis aux inspections d'hygiène et sécurité concernant les polluants de l'air intérieur (par exemple, bureaux, locaux commerciaux); bâtiments publics ou commerciaux (par exemple hôpitaux, écoles, jardins d'enfants, salles de sport, bibliothèques, restaurants et bars, théâtres et autres salles); habitacles des véhicules et des transports en commun.
Notranji zrak - 7. del: Strategija vzorčenja za določevanje koncentracij azbestnih vlaken v zraku (ISO 16000-7:2007)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16000-7:2008
01-marec-2008
1RWUDQML]UDNGHO 6WUDWHJLMDY]RUþHQMD]DGRORþHYDQMHNRQFHQWUDFLMD]EHVWQLK
YODNHQY]UDNX ,62
Indoor air - Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre
concentrations (ISO 16000-7:2007)
Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 7: Probenahmestrategie zur Bestimmung
luftgetragener Asbestfaserkonzentrationen (ISO 16000-7:2007)
Air intérieur - Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la détermination des
concentrations en fibres d'amiante en suspension dans l'air (ISO 16000-7:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16000-7:2007
ICS:
13.040.20
SIST EN ISO 16000-7:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16000-7
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2007
ICS 13.040.20
English Version
Indoor air - Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of
airborne asbestos fibre concentrations (ISO 16000-7:2007)
Air intérieur - Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la Innenraumluftverunreinigungen - Teil 7:
détermination des concentrations en fibres d'amiante en Probenahmestrategie zur Bestimmung luftgetragener
suspension dans l'air (ISO 16000-7:2007) Asbestfaserkonzentrationen (ISO 16000-7:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 July 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16000-7:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 16000-7:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2
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EN ISO 16000-7:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16000-7:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 "Air quality"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2008.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16000-7:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 16000-7:2007 without any
modification.
3
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-7
First edition
2007-08-01
Indoor air —
Part 7:
Sampling strategy for determination of
airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
Air intérieur —
Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la détermination
des concentrations en fibres d'amiante en suspension dans l'air
Reference number
ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Sources and occurrence. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
6 Measurement strategy. 7
7 Quality assurance. 19
Annex A (normative) Simulation methods. 21
Annex B (informative) Choice of analytical method . 23
Annex C (informative) Example of sample data form . 25
Annex D (informative) Example of summary report form . 26
Bibliography . 28
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take Part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air :
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
®
Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas-chromatography using MS/FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing —
Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing —Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the concentration reduction of volatile organic compounds and
carbonyl compounds except formaldehyde by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi volatile organic compounds for building products — Micro
chamber method
The following parts are planned:
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 20: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from house dust
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 22: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Molecular methods
⎯ Part 26: Road vehicle interior test stand — Determination of VOC, SVOC and carbonyls including
formaldehyde in car interiors
Furthermore, two International Standards, ISO 16017-1 on pumped sampling and ISO 16017-2 on diffusive
sampling, focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
Introduction
Measurements of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations in indoor atmospheres are made for several reasons
related to short-term or long-term exposure of building occupants to asbestos. One application of such
measurements is to ensure that airborne asbestos fibres dispersed in areas of a building that are undergoing
asbestos abatement do not result in unacceptable exposures of occupants in other areas of the building. After
asbestos abatement is completed, measurements are made prior to removal of containment barriers and
before safety precautions are discontinued to determine whether any residual asbestos that may remain in the
abated area could give rise to unacceptable airborne asbestos exposures when the areas are re-occupied.
The characterization and assessment of ambient air at a fixed position, whether in a building or outside, is
normally based on a series of measurements made over a long period of time, generally months or years.
However, the release of asbestos fibres into ambient air is not constant and human, or in some cases animal,
activity will result in short-term release episodes. Maintenance activity in particular will disturb asbestos-
containing materials and settled dust in buildings. Control and monitoring of these activities will determine the
[1][2]
long-term exposure levels . Workplace atmospheres are also assessed by a series of repeated
measurements, the number of measurements depending on the difference between the measured value and
the control limit.
In contrast to the strategy used for assessment of long-term asbestos fibre concentrations and personal
exposures, the assessment of asbestos fibre concentrations in connection with asbestos abatement measures
is nearly always based on a set of measurements made at one time. This special situation needs to be taken
into account, both when planning the measurements, and during collection of the air samples. It is not
possible to predict long-term changes of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations resulting from any
deterioration of asbestos-containing material or the type of usage of the rooms. However, through the use of
an appropriate sampling strategy and sampling technique, and by taking extreme, but realistic, conditions into
consideration, it is possible to simulate and estimate the short-term maximum asbestos fibre concentrations
that can occur.
[3]
The sampling strategy described in this part of ISO 16000 is based on VDI 3492 .
vi © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
Indoor air —
Part 7:
Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre
concentrations
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies procedures to be used in planning of air measurements to determine the
concentrations of asbestos in indoor atmospheres. Careful planning of the measurement strategy is important,
because the results can become the basis of recommendations for major building renovations, or for the
return of a building to normal occupancy status after removal of asbestos-containing materials.
This part of ISO 16000 uses the following definition for indoor environments as specified in ISO 16000-1:
⎯ dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, do-it-yourself (DIY) rooms, recreation rooms, cellars, kitchens
and bathrooms;
⎯ workrooms or workplaces in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to
air pollutants (for example, offices and sales premises);
⎯ public and commercial buildings (for example, hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries,
restaurants and bars, theatres and other function rooms);
⎯ cabins of vehicles and public transport.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16000-1, Indoor air — Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Sources and occurrence
Airborne fibres in building atmospheres can originate from various sources within or outside the building.
Many of the fibres are organic, such as cotton or synthetic fibres released from upholstery fabrics or the
clothing of the occupants, or cellulose fibres dispersed during manipulation of paper. Other organic fibres
originating from vegetation can infiltrate the building from outside, or can be dispersed from potted plants.
Inorganic fibres, such as asbestos, glass fibres, mineral wool fibres and gypsum can be released from various
building materials. Release of airborne fibres from building materials can occur intermittently, particularly
during disturbances of the materials during maintenance activities. Fragments of the materials can become
detached when the materials are contacted, and, if not removed, these fragments can be pulverized by
subsequent activities to form dust that can be dispersed into the atmosphere.
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 16000, the following definitions apply.
4.1
abatement
activity undertaken to control the potential emission of asbestos fibres from an asbestos-containing building
material by removing, enclosing or encapsulating the material, or by repairing damaged material
4.2
abatement containment area
space within which an asbestos abatement activity is performed and which is separated from the remainder of
the building by a containment barrier
4.3
ambient sampling
air sampling to determine the airborne asbestos fibre concentration in the immediate vicinity of the building
exterior
4.4
analytical sensitivity
calculated airborne asbestos fibre concentration, equivalent to counting of one asbestos fibre in the analysis
4.5
asbestos
term applied to a group of silicate minerals belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups which have
crystallized in the asbestiform habit, causing them to be easily separated into long, thin, flexible, strong fibres
when crushed or processed.
NOTE NOTE The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers of the most common asbestos varieties are:
chrysotile (12001-29-5), crocidolite (12001-28-4), grunerite asbestos (amosite) (12172-73-5), anthophyllite asbestos
(77536-67-5), tremolite asbestos (77536-68-6) and actinolite asbestos (77536-66-4).
4.6
asbestos structure
term applied to an individual asbestos fibre, or any connected or overlapping grouping of asbestos fibres or
bundles of asbestos fibres, with or without other particles
4.7
aspect ratio
ratio of length to width of a particle
4.8
background sampling
air sampling performed to determine the short-term asbestos fibre concentration in the air of occupied spaces
during normal usage before an activity that can disturb asbestos
4.9
blank
unused filter submitted for analysis as a control
4.10
clearance sampling
air sampling performed following an asbestos abatement activity with the purpose of determining whether
airborne levels of asbestos are below a specified level at which re-occupancy of an asbestos abatement area
is permitted
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
4.11
cluster
structure in which two or more asbestos fibres, or bundles of asbestos fibres, are randomly oriented in a
connected grouping
4.12
containment barrier
impervious barrier enclosing the asbestos abatement containment area
4.13
containment clearance
air sampling performed within the asbestos abatement containment area with the purpose of determining
whether airborne levels of asbestos are below a specified level at which the containment barrier can be
removed
4.14
electron diffraction
technique in electron microscopy in which the crystal structure of a small area of a sample is examined
4.15
energy-dispersive X-ray analysis
determination of elemental composition through measurement of the energies and intensities of X-rays by use
of a solid state detector and multi-channel analyzer system
4.16
field blank
filter cassette which has been taken to the sampling site, opened, and then closed
NOTE Field blanks are used to determine whether contamination can have occurred during field handling of the
cassettes.
4.17
fibre
elongated particle, with a minimum length to width ratio of 3:1
NOTE The dimensional parameters used to define a fibre are specific to the analytical method used, and are
separately defined in each analytical method.
4.18
fibre bundle
structure composed of parallel, smaller-width fibres attached along their lengths
NOTE A fibre bundle can exhibit diverging fibres at one or both ends.
4.19
fibrous structure
fibre, or connected grouping of fibres, with or without other particles
4.20
HEPA filter
High Efficiency Particulate Absolute filter
NOTE Specifications for an HEPA filter (class H13) require that it has a collection efficiency of 99,95 % for the most
[4]
penetrating particle size (MPPS) according to EN 1822 . Filters with higher efficiency may be used.
4.21
indoor baseline concentration
long-term asbestos fibre concentration measured in a building during normal usage
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
4.22
interim corrective actions
any simple measures, short of full asbestos abatement, used to alleviate emissions of airborne asbestos fibres
from building materials
4.23
investigative sampling
air sampling performed to determine the impact of an occurrence or a simulated activity on airborne asbestos
fibre concentrations
4.24
leakage sampling
air sampling performed around the perimeter of an asbestos abatement containment area for the purposes of
determining whether leakage of airborne asbestos fibres from the containment area has occurred or is
occurring
4.25
limit of detection
numerical asbestos fibre concentration that will not be exceeded at a probability of 95 % by the actual
asbestos fibre concentration, if no asbestos fibres are detected during analysis
4.26
long-term
period of time exceeding 24 h
4.27
matrix
structure in which one or more asbestos fibres, or bundles of asbestos fibres, touch, are attached to, or
partially concealed by, a single particle or connected group of non-fibrous particles
4.28
negative pressure
pressure differential between an asbestos abatement containment area and its surroundings when the
asbestos abatement containment area is maintained at a pressure lower than that of its surroundings
NOTE The expression is frequently loosely applied to the pressure in the asbestos abatement containment area.
4.29
negative pressure ventilation unit
device used to exhaust air from an asbestos abatement containment area in order to establish a negative
pressure differential between the asbestos abatement containment area and its surroundings
NOTE Typically, the air is exhausted through an HEPA filter, or a filter of higher efficiency, to minimize the escape of
airborne asbestos fibres from the asbestos abatement containment area to its surroundings.
4.30
outdoor baseline concentration
long-term asbestos fibre concentration measured outdoors and sufficiently close to a building to be
representative of air drawn into the building
4.31
PCM-equivalent fibre
asbestos fibre of aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, longer than 5 µm, and which has a width between
0,2 µm and 3,0 µm
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
4.32
PCM-equivalent structure
fibrous structure of aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, longer than 5 µm, and which has a width between
0,2 µm and 3,0 µm
NOTE A PCM-equivalent structure does not necessarily contain any fibres longer than 5 µm, and can consist of a
grouping of parallel asbestos fibres, all of which are shorter than 5 µm.
4.33
personal sampling
air sampling performed in the breathing zone of an individual in order to determine that individual's potential
exposure to airborne asbestos fibres
4.34
phase contrast optical microscopy
microscopy technique in which the differential phase shift of the energy passing through a sample is converted
into an amplitude effect.
NOTE In asbestos fibre monitoring, this technique is implemented on the light microscope and is widely accepted for
monitoring asbestos exposure in a workplace.
4.35
pre-activity (background) concentration
short-term asbestos fibre concentration measured immediately before an activity
4.36
prevalent level sampling
air sampling performed within an area to determine asbestos fibre concentrations during normal occupancy of,
and during normal activities in, that area
4.37
procedure validation sampling
air sampling to determine the impact on prevalent levels resulting from maintenance or other activities in a
building in which asbestos-containing materials are installed
4.38
replicate sample
one or more air samples collected in close proximity to another air sample, such that the analytical results
from the samples are expected to be consistent
4.39
room unit
2
room that has a maximum floor area of 100 m and a maximum length of 15 m
2
NOTE In special situations, up to four smaller rooms, for which the total floor area does not exceed 100 m , can be
considered as a single room unit, provided that there is efficient air exchange between the rooms. Otherwise, a small,
individual room is considered as a single room unit.
4.40
short-term
period of time less than or equal to 24 h
4.41
simulation
activity designed to replicate specific activities performed under controlled conditions in order to test the
impact of these activities on airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
4.42
small room
2
room of area of less than 10 m
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
4.43
structure
single fibre, fibre bundle, cluster or matrix
4.44
stratified sampling
air sampling conducted according to a defined strategy in which the samples are grouped on the basis of
detailed knowledge of the building characteristics
5 Symbols and abbreviations
5.1 Symbols
n the number of room units
RU
2
A the area of a room in square metres, m
L factor by which a PCM fibre concentration shall be multiplied to obtain the lower 95 % confidence limit
LCL
L factor by which a PCM fibre concentration shall be multiplied to obtain the upper 95 % confidence limit
UCL
s the subjective component of the interlaboratory coefficient of variation for PCM fibre counts
R
x the number of fibres counted
x the lower 95% confidence limit of a fibre count made by either SEM or TEM
LCL
x the upper 95% confidence limit of a fibre count made by either SEM or TEM
UCL
α statistical significance level
2
D for a fibre count of x, the value of the χ distribution with 2x degrees of freedom and a significance
1
level of (1 − α/2)
2
D for a fibre count of x, the value of the χ distribution with 2(x + 1) degrees of freedom and a
2
significance level of α/2
E limit of detection
z standard normal deviate
5.2 Abbreviations
ED Electron diffraction
EDXA Energy dispersive X-ray analysis
HEPA High efficiency particle absolute
MEC Mixed esters of cellulose
PC Polycarbonate
PCM Phase contrast optical microscopy
SAED Selected area electron diffraction
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ISO 16000-7:2007(E)
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
TEM Transmission electron microscopy
TSP Total suspended particulate
6 Measurement strategy
6.1 Planning of measurements
6.1.1 General
Depending on the applicable regulations, phase contrast optical microscopy (PCM), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) may be specified for the analysis of air samples.
The air sampling parameters depend on the objective of the measurements, the regulatory control limit and
the method of analysis. It should be noted that the analytical capabilities of the methods above are different,
and that results obtained from PCM, SEM or TEM may not be comparable.
Some regulations specify t
...
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