SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018
(Main)Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design and selection of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment used in all types of cranes and their associated fixed load lifting attachments with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their health and safety and of ensuring reliability of function.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes, and for load lifting attachments, are given in the appropriate European Standard.
The electrical equipment covered by this European Standard commences at the point of connection of the supply to the crane (the crane supply switch) including systems for power supply and control feeders situated outside the crane, e.g. flexible cables, conductor wires or bars, electric motors and cableless controls.
The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard. Particular requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal.
The standard does not cover the detail design of individual items of equipment except with regard to their selection for specific aspects of use.
In general, the proof of competence calculations and related strength requirements or safety margins of equipment and components are not covered by this standard. These questions are covered in EN 13001 parts 1 and 2, and in the EN 13001-3 series that is partly under preparation (see Annex A). Exceptionally, some safety margins are given here for items not covered in EN 13001-series.
Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed in safety standards specific to each type of crane.
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard.
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4.
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes, which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this standard.
Krane - Sicherheit - Konstruktion - Anforderungen an die Ausrüstungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Auswahl der elektrischen,
mechanischen, hydraulischen und pneumatischen Ausrüstung für alle Arten von Kranen und ihren
dazugehörenden fest eingescherten Lastaufnahmemittel fest, mit dem Ziel, das Personal vor Gefährdungen
seiner Sicherheit und Gesundheit zu schützen und die Betriebssicherheit der Funktionen sicherzustellen.
ANMERKUNG Besondere Anforderungen an spezielle Kranarten und Lastaufnahmemittel sind in entsprechenden
Europäischen Normen angegeben.
Die elektrische Ausrüstung, die von dieser Europäischen Norm abgedeckt wird, beginnt an der Netzanschlussstelle
des Krans (dem Kranhauptschalter) und schließt die Systeme für Energieversorgung und
Steuerleitungen außerhalb des Krans, z. B. flexible Leitungen, Schleifleitungen, Elektromotoren und
kabellose Steuerungen, mit ein.
Für Krane, die gefährliche Lasten transportieren, sind die anzuwendenden Grundsätze in dieser Norm
angegeben. Besondere Anforderungen sind an den Transport feuerflüssiger Metalle gegeben.
Diese Norm behandelt keine Detailkonstruktion einzelner Einheiten der Ausrüstung, außer im Hinblick auf
ihre Auswahl für bestimmte Aspekte der Anwendung.
Berechnungen zum Sicherheitsnachweis, Festigkeitsanforderungen oder Sicherheitsabstände für Ausrüstung
und Einzelteile sind allgemein nicht Bestandteil dieser Norm. Fragen hierzu behandeln EN 13001, Teile 1
und 2, und die Normenreihe EN 13001-3, die teilweise in Vorbereitung ist (siehe Anhang A). Lediglich für in
der Normenreihe EN 13001 nicht aufgeführte Positionen werden hier einige Sicherheitsabstände aufgeführt.
Gefährdungen durch Lärm sind nicht Bestandteil dieser Norm. Diese sind in den Produktnormen der
jeweiligen Kranarten festgelegt.
Besondere Gefährdungen durch explosionsgefährdete Bereiche, ionisierende Strahlung und Einsatz in
elektromagnetischen Feldern, über den Anwendungsbereich von EN 61000-6-2 hinaus, werden in der
vorliegenden Europäischen Norm nicht behandelt.
Die signifikanten Gefährdungen, die durch diese Europäische Norm abgedeckt sind, sind in Abschnitt 4
aufgelistet.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Krane, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum der vorliegenden Norm
durch CEN hergestellt wurden.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Conception - Prescriptions relatives à l'équipement
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des prescriptions pour la conception et le choix des équipements électriques, mécaniques, hydrauliques et pneumatiques utilisés pour tous les types d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue et leurs accessoires fixes de levage de charge, dans le but de s’assurer de la fiabilité des fonctions et de protéger le personnel des phénomènes dangereux qui pourraient affecter leur santé et leur sécurité.
NOTE Des prescriptions spécifiques pour des types particuliers d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue et pour leurs accessoires de levage de charge sont données dans la Norme européenne appropriée.
L’équipement électrique couvert par la présente Norme européenne commence au point de raccordement de l’alimentation de l’appareil de levage à charge suspendue (l’interrupteur d’alimentation de l’appareil de levage), il comprend les alimentations de puissance et les alimentations de commande situées à l’extérieur de l’appareil de levage à charge suspendue, telles que les câbles souples, les fils électriques ou les barres conductrices, les moteurs électriques et les commandes sans fil.
Les principes à suivre pour des appareils de levage à charge suspendue transportant des charges dangereuses sont donnés dans la présente norme. Des prescriptions particulières sont indiquées pour les appareils de levage à charge suspendue transportant du métal en fusion.
La présente norme ne traite pas de la conception détaillée des éléments individuels de l’équipement, sauf en ce qui concerne leur sélection pour des aspects spécifiques d’utilisation.
En règle générale, les calculs de vérification d’aptitude et les prescriptions relatives à la résistance ou les marges de sécurité correspondantes s’appliquant à l’équipement et aux composants ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme. Ces questions sont traitées dans l’EN 13001 parties 1 et 2, et dans la série des EN 13001-3 qui est en partie en cours d’élaboration ; voir l’Annexe A. Exceptionnellement, certaines marges de sécurité sont données ici pour les éléments qui ne sont pas traités dans la série EN 13001.
Les phénomènes dangereux liés au bruit ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme. Ils sont traités dans les normes de sécurité spécifiques de chaque type d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue.
Les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus à des atmosphères potentiellement explosives, au rayonnement ionisant et à l’utilisation dans des champs électromagnétiques, qui sortent du domaine d’application de l’EN 61000-6-2, ne sont pas couverts par la présente Norme européenne.
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs couverts par la présente Norme européenne sont identifiés à l’Article 4.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue qui ont été fabriqués avant la date de publication de la présente norme par le CEN.
Žerjavi - Varnost - Konstruiranje - Zahteve za opremo
Ta evropski standard podaja zahteve za konstruiranje in izbiro električne, mehanične, hidravlične in pnevmatične opreme, ki se uporablja v vseh vrstah žerjavov in njihovi povezani pritrjeni dvigalni opremi. Cilj tega standarda je zaščita osebja pred tveganji, ki vplivajo na njihovo zdravje in varnost, ter zagotavljanje zanesljivosti delovanja.
OPOMBA: Posebne varnostne zahteve za posamezne vrste žerjavov in za dvigovalno opremo so navedene v ustreznem evropskem standardu.
Električna oprema, ki jo zajema ta evropski standard, se začne v točki povezave napajanja z žerjavom (stikalo za napajanje žerjava) in vključuje napajalne sisteme in kontrolne vhode, ki se nahajajo zunaj žerjava, na primer zvijave kable, prevodne žice ali zbiralke, elektromotorje in brezžične krmilnike.
V tem standardu so podana načela, ki se uporabljajo za žerjave za prevoz nevarnih bremen. Za žerjave za prevoz vroče tekoče kovine so podane posebne zahteve.
Ta standard ne vsebuje podrobnih načrtov posameznih delov opreme, razen v zvezi z njihovo izbiro za posebne vidike uporabe.
Ta standard na splošno ne podaja dokazov o izračunih kakovosti in povezanih zahtev o moči ali varnostnih mejah opreme in delov. Ta vprašanja obravnavata 1. in 2. del standarda EN 13001 in skupina standardov EN 13001-3, ki je delno v postopku priprave (glej dodatek A). Izjemoma so v tem standardu podane nekatere varnostne meje za elemente, ki niso zajeti v skupini standardov EN 13001.
Ta standard ne zajema tveganj zaradi hrupa. Ta tveganja so obravnavana v varnostnih standardih, ki so značilni za vsako vrsto žerjava.
Posebne nevarnosti zaradi potencialno eksplozivne atmosfere, ionizirajočega sevanja in delovanja v elektromagnetnem polju, ki presegajo področje uporabe standarda 61000-6-2, niso zajete v tem evropskem standardu.
Posebne nevarnosti, ki jih zajema ta evropski standard, so navedene v točki 4.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za žerjave, izdelane pred datumom objave tega standarda s strani CEN.
General Information
Relations
Overview - SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 (Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment)
SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 (EN 13135) is a European type C standard for crane safety that specifies design and selection requirements for the electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment used in all types of cranes and associated fixed load lifting attachments. Its main objectives are to protect personnel from health and safety hazards and to ensure reliable function of crane equipment. The standard includes Amendment 1 (2018) and supports essential requirements of the EU Machinery Directive.
Key technical topics and requirements
The standard covers equipment-level requirements rather than detailed component design. Major topics include:
- Electrical equipment - scope starts at the crane supply switch and includes external feeders (flexible cables, conductor bars/wires), electric motors and cableless controls.
- Mechanical equipment - clutches, couplings, brakes, gear drives, wheels on rails, rope, chain and belt systems.
- Fluid power systems - hydraulic and pneumatic components, controls and protective measures.
- Structures associated with mechanical equipment - structural and mounting considerations for equipment.
- Fixed load lifting attachments - selection and specific requirements for hooks and attachments.
- Safety systems and safeguarding - control system safety functions, anti-collision, derailment protection, storm‑locking and measures to reduce consequences of power loss.
- Environmental and high-risk applications - temperature, material weakening, and provisions for hazardous loads; particular requirements for transporting hot molten metal.
- Verification and information for use - testing, verification of safety measures, installation, maintenance and marking requirements.
Important exclusions and notes:
- Does not generally cover detailed strength calculations or proof-of-competence - those are addressed in EN 13001 parts 1 & 2 (and upcoming EN 13001-3).
- Noise hazards, explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation and electromagnetic fields beyond EN 61000‑6‑2 range are not covered.
- Significant hazards are identified in Clause 4; the standard is not applicable to cranes manufactured before its CEN publication date.
Practical applications
EN 13135 is used to:
- Guide selection and safe design of crane subsystems and installed equipment.
- Inform procurement specifications for cranes and fixed lifting attachments.
- Support conformity assessment and compliance with the EU Machinery Directive.
- Define safety requirements for cranes handling hazardous or high‑risk loads (including hot molten metal).
Who should use this standard
- Crane designers and manufacturers
- Safety and compliance engineers
- Procurement and maintenance teams
- Notified bodies and conformity assessors
- Plant managers and integrators specifying crane equipment
Related standards
- EN 13001 series (structural and strength requirements)
- EN 61000‑6‑2 (electromagnetic immunity)
- Applicable type A/B machine safety standards and national adoptions of EN 13135
Keywords: EN 13135, SIST EN 13135, crane safety, design requirements for equipment, electrical crane equipment, mechanical crane components, hydraulic pneumatic cranes, hot molten metal cranes, Machinery Directive.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies requirements for the design and selection of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment used in all types of cranes and their associated fixed load lifting attachments with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their health and safety and of ensuring reliability of function. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes, and for load lifting attachments, are given in the appropriate European Standard. The electrical equipment covered by this European Standard commences at the point of connection of the supply to the crane (the crane supply switch) including systems for power supply and control feeders situated outside the crane, e.g. flexible cables, conductor wires or bars, electric motors and cableless controls. The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard. Particular requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal. The standard does not cover the detail design of individual items of equipment except with regard to their selection for specific aspects of use. In general, the proof of competence calculations and related strength requirements or safety margins of equipment and components are not covered by this standard. These questions are covered in EN 13001 parts 1 and 2, and in the EN 13001-3 series that is partly under preparation (see Annex A). Exceptionally, some safety margins are given here for items not covered in EN 13001-series. Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed in safety standards specific to each type of crane. The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard. The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes, which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this standard.
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design and selection of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment used in all types of cranes and their associated fixed load lifting attachments with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their health and safety and of ensuring reliability of function. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes, and for load lifting attachments, are given in the appropriate European Standard. The electrical equipment covered by this European Standard commences at the point of connection of the supply to the crane (the crane supply switch) including systems for power supply and control feeders situated outside the crane, e.g. flexible cables, conductor wires or bars, electric motors and cableless controls. The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard. Particular requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal. The standard does not cover the detail design of individual items of equipment except with regard to their selection for specific aspects of use. In general, the proof of competence calculations and related strength requirements or safety margins of equipment and components are not covered by this standard. These questions are covered in EN 13001 parts 1 and 2, and in the EN 13001-3 series that is partly under preparation (see Annex A). Exceptionally, some safety margins are given here for items not covered in EN 13001-series. Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed in safety standards specific to each type of crane. The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard. The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes, which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this standard.
SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 13135:2013, SIST EN 13135:2013/kFprA1:2016, SIST EN 13135:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC, 98/37/EC, EUR-PUB; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2018
Žerjavi - Varnost - Konstruiranje - Zahteve za opremo
Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
Krane - Sicherheit - Konstruktion - Anforderungen an die Ausrüstungen
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Conception - Prescriptions relatives
à l'équipement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13135:2013+A1:2018
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 13135:2013+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13135:2013
English Version
Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Krane - Sicherheit - Konstruktion - Anforderungen an
Conception - Prescriptions relatives à l'équipement die Ausrüstungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 January 2013 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 22 November
2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 11
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Electrical equipment . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Physical environment and operating conditions . 15
5.2.3 Electrical supply . 15
5.2.4 Protection against electric shock by direct contact . 15
5.2.5 Control circuits and control functions . 15
5.2.6 Operator interface and mounted control devices . 16
5.2.7 Power driven motions . 16
5.2.8 Selection of motors . 16
5.3 Mechanical equipment . 25
5.3.1 General . 25
5.3.2 Clutches and couplings . 25
5.3.3 Brakes. 25
5.3.4 Gear drives. 28
5.3.5 Wheels on rails . 29
5.3.6 Rope systems . 30
5.3.7 Chain systems . 33
5.3.8 Belt systems . 34
5.3.9 Adjustment rods . 36
5.3.10 Compensating means . 36
5.4 Structures associated with mechanical equipment . 36
5.4.1 Structures . 36
5.4.2 Structural equipment . 37
5.5 Fluid power systems . 38
5.5.1 Controls and control devices of fluid power systems . 38
5.5.2 Protective measures . 38
5.5.3 Overload testing . 39
5.5.4 Hydraulic equipment . 39
5.5.5 Pneumatic equipment . 42
5.6 Fixed load lifting attachments . 43
5.6.1 General . 43
5.6.2 Hooks . 44
5.7 Equipment for safeguarding . 45
5.7.1 General . 45
5.7.2 Safety related functions of control systems . 46
5.7.3 Measures to decrease the consequences of loss of drive power . 46
5.7.4 Safety devices to prevent overrunning of movements . 46
5.7.5 Derailment safety device . 47
5.7.6 Provisions to prevent tipping . 48
5.7.7 Storm-locking . 48
5.7.8 Anti-collision device . 49
5.8 Environmental effects . 49
5.8.1 Protection against weakening of material . 49
5.8.2 Temperature . 49
5.9 High risk applications . 50
5.9.1 General . 50
5.9.2 Decreasing of the probability of occurrence of harm . 50
5.9.3 Additional requirements for the transportation of hot molten metal . 52
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 56
7 Information for use . 60
7.1 General . 60
7.2 Instructions for operation in special situations . 60
7.3 Instructions for installation and maintenance . 60
7.4 Maintenance instructions in the case of high risk applications . 61
7.5 Marking . 61
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 63
Annex B (informative) Design of rail wheel flanges . 65
Annex C (informative) Guidance on rope systems . 68
Annex D (informative) Specification of endurance of equipment . 69
D.1 Basic approach . 69
D.2 Examples of application . 70
D.2.1 Roller bearing . 70
D.2.2 Lifting attachment, fixed or non-fixed . 70
D.2.3 Turnbuckle . 71
D.2.4 Electromechanical component . 71
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 72
Bibliography . 73
European foreword
This document (EN 13135:2013+A1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147
“Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 22 November 2017.
This document supersedes !EN 13135-1:2013".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " .
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Since the previous edition, major changes have been made in 5.2.8, 5.3.3.2, 5.3.3.5, 5.3.6.2, 5.6.2, 5.7.2,
5.9 and in Annex D, which deals with a new issue. There are several updates in standard references, and
a number of clauses have been redrafted for reasons of clarity and technical and editorial accuracy.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This European Standard has been prepared to provide one means for equipment of cranes to conform
with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design and selection of electrical, mechanical,
hydraulic and pneumatic equipment used in all types of cranes and their associated fixed load lifting
attachments with the objectives of protecting personnel from hazards affecting their health and safety
and of ensuring reliability of function.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes, and for load lifting attachments, are given in the
appropriate European Standard.
The electrical equipment covered by this European Standard commences at the point of connection of
the supply to the crane (the crane supply switch) including systems for power supply and control
feeders situated outside the crane, e.g. flexible cables, conductor wires or bars, electric motors and
cableless controls.
The principles to be applied for cranes transporting hazardous loads are given in this standard.
Particular requirements are given for cranes transporting hot molten metal.
The standard does not cover the detail design of individual items of equipment except with regard to
their selection for specific aspects of use.
In general, the proof of competence calculations and related strength requirements or safety margins of
equipment and components are not covered by this standard. These questions are covered in EN 13001
parts 1 and 2, and in the EN 13001-3 series that is partly under preparation (see Annex A).
Exceptionally, some safety margins are given here for items not covered in EN 13001-series.
Hazards due to noise are not covered by this standard. They are addressed in safety standards specific
to each type of crane.
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in
electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard.
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4.
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes, which are manufactured before the date of
publication by CEN of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 1: General conditions of acceptance
EN 818-7, Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety — Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T
(Types T, DAT and DT)
EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1561, Founding — Grey cast irons
EN 12077-2, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 12644-2, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-1, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof competence of steel structure
!EN 13001-3-2, Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire
ropes in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-5, Cranes — General design — Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged
hooks"
EN 13155, Cranes — Safety — Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings
EN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing
EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
EN 13411-6, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket
EN 13480-3, Metallic industrial piping — Part 3: Design and calculation
EN 13557, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 60034-1:2010, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance
EN 60204-11, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 11: Requirements for HV
equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413)
EN ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1)
EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850)
IEC 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-41: Protection for safety — Protection
against electric shock
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 4347, Leaf chains, clevises and sheaves — Dimensions, measuring forces and tensile strengths
ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction
and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength
ISO 6336-5, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
ISO 10300-1, Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears — Part 1: Introduction and general influence
factors
ISO 10300-2, Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability
(pitting)
ISO 10300-3, Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears —- Part 3: Calculation of tooth root strength
ISO 12482-1, Cranes — Condition monitoring — Part 1: General
ISO 12488-1, Cranes — Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks — Part 1: General
ISO/TR 14521, Gears — Calculation of load capacity of wormgears
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010, ISO 4306-
1:2007, EN 60204-32:2008 and the following apply.
3.1
backup brake
brake that is additional to the service brake that is able to stop and hold the load
Note 1 to entry: A backup brake can have fewer design cycles than the service brake.
Note 2 to entry: Such a brake is also known as emergency brake or safety brake.
3.2
backup limiter
limiter that is only activated if other (primary) limiting means fail to operate as intended
3.3
belt system
system for supporting and moving load or crane part via belt and wheel arrangement, comprising the
belts and all the attachments and parts which are in contact with the belts
EXAMPLE Belt drive wheels, belts, belt reversing wheels, belt terminations and belt guides.
3.4
breakdown torque of an a.c. motor
maximum value of the steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt
drop in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: In case of variable frequency drives, the breakdown torque can be defined in a similar manner
for each combination of voltage and frequency.
[SOURCE: EN 60034-1:2010, 3.15]
3.5
chain system
system for supporting and moving load or crane part via chain and wheel arrangement, comprising the
chains and all the attachments and parts which are in contact with the chains
EXAMPLE Chain drive wheels, chains, chain reversing wheels, chain terminations and chain guides.
3.6
compensating beam
beam to equalise forces at the ends of two ropes
Note 1 to entry: The amount of compensation is limited by the permitted movement of the beam.
3.7
compensating sheave
sheave which performs the function of compensating beam in a continuous rope system
Note 1 to entry: The amount of compensation is not limited by the movement of the sheave.
3.8
crane
machine for cyclic lifting, or cyclic lifting and moving, of loads suspended on hooks or other load lifting
attachments
Note 1 to entry: "Suspension" can include additional means fitted to prevent swinging or rotation of the load.
3.9
hoisting mechanism
system for supporting and moving load or crane part against gravity, comprising all components from
fixed load lifting attachment to the motor
3.10
load bearing chain
assembly of load bearing components
3.11
load bearing component
mechanical or structural component which is stressed by the hoist load
3.12
load hook
device attached to chain, rope, bottom block or lifting attachment from which the load, load handling
devices or slings can be suspended
3.13
load suspension system
common term for belt, chain and rope systems employed to suspend a load
3.14
low-voltage electrical equipment
electrical equipment operating with voltages not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.
3.15
maximum motor speed
maximum motor speed during operation between the rated speed and the mechanical limit speed
3.16
mechanical limit speed of the motor
speed above which the motor can suffer mechanical damage
3.17
multi-plate hook
load hook consisting of several plates
EXAMPLE Typically used for transporting hot molten substances.
3.18
rated capacity for lifting attachment
rated load for lifting attachment and maximum load that the lifting attachment is designed to lift
3.19
rated capacity
rated load
maximum net load that the crane is designed to lift for a given crane configuration, load location and
operating condition
Note 1 to entry: For mobile cranes, replace net load in the definition by hoist medium load.
Note 2 to entry: For net load and hoist medium load, see ISO 4306-1.
3.20
rated speed of motor
speed corresponding to the rating of the motor used
Note 1 to entry: For variable speed drives, the following also applies: Maximum speed of the motor at which it is
still able to supply its rated torque.
3.21
redundant
multiple arrangement of components and/or sub-assemblies arranged so that if one of the components
or sub-assemblies fails, the function is still operational
Note 1 to entry: The function may be with limited performance.
3.22
rope anchorage
arrangement comprising the parts between the rope termination and the fixed load bearing structure
EXAMPLE Pins, bolts, compensating beams, tension rods.
3.23
rope sheave
wheel which supports the rope and can change the direction of the rope without change of the rope
force, except minor losses due to the efficiency of the rope sheave system
3.24
rope system
system for supporting and moving load or crane part via rope and sheave arrangement, comprising the
ropes and all the attachments and parts which are in contact with the ropes
EXAMPLE Wire ropes, sheaves, compensating sheaves, rope terminations and rope guides.
Note 1 to entry: Rope attachment on the drum is included but the rope drum itself is outside of this definition.
3.25
rope termination
equipment to connect the end of the rope to a rope anchorage
3.26
self-locking braking device
braking device whose braking effect is accomplished solely as a result of movement to be braked
3.27
single failure proof hoisting mechanism
hoisting mechanism comprising several parallel chains of components, arranged so that in case of
failure of any single component in the total mechanism, the hoisted mass is not dropped
Note 1 to entry: After the failure, the mechanism is not necessarily functional as such.
3.28
single-plate hook
load hook made from a single steel plate
3.29
vertical movement
movement of hoist load or of a crane part, where the slope of the path of the moved mass is 5 % or
steeper in relation to horizontal level
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt
with in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for equipment within the scope of this
standard, and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Requirements set for equipment included in this standard do not necessarily cover all hazards, which
can occur due to installation of equipment into a crane. Such hazards should be evaluated and actions
taken in the design of the crane.
Table 1 — List of hazards
No. Type or group Origin (sources) Subclause of this
standard
1 Mechanical Contact of a person with the crane or its moving 5.3.5.1; 5.4.2.1; 5.5.2.2;
hazards parts 5.5.2.3; 5.5.4.4.2; 5.5.5.5.1;
5.7.4; 5.7.8
Contact of a person with a swaying or dropping 5.3.4.4; 5.5.2.2; 5.6.1; 5.6.2;
load 5.7.8; 5.9.2.3
Contact of a person with falling parts 5.4.2.1; 5.3.5.2
Contact with moving transmission parts or other 5.3.6.1; 5.3.7.1; 5.3.8.1;
moving or rotating machine parts 5.3.8.3; 5.5.2.2; 5.5.2.3
Projection of high pressure fluids 5.5.1; 5.5.2.3; 5.5.4.4.2
Sharp edges 5.3.6.6.1; 5.3.8.3;
Rough or slippery surfaces 5.7.4; 5.7.7
Contact of a person with bursting parts due to 5.7.4
exceeding of kinetic energy
Contact of a person with ejected objects 5.2.8.4; 5.5.2.3
Loss of stability or overturning of crane 5.3.5.1; 5.4.2.3; 5.7.4; 5.7.5;
5.7.6; 5.7.7, 5.7.8
Fitting together parts, which should not be fitted 5.4.2.3
or fitting parts in a wrong order.
2 Electrical Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.2.1, 5.2.4
hazards
Contact of persons with parts which have become 5.2.1
live under faulty conditions (indirect contact)
Contact of persons with electric arc 5.2.1
Lightning 5.2.1
Thermal radiation from molten particles and 5.2.1; 5.5.4.5.2; 5.8.2; 5.9.3
chemical effects from short-circuits, overloads,
etc.
3 Thermal hazards Contact of objects or materials with a high or low 5.5.5.5.2; 5.8.2.2; 5.8.2.3;
temperature 5.9.3.3.1
Heat radiation, e.g. from hot molten substances 5.4.2.1; 5.9.1; 5.9.3.2.7;
5.9.3.3.1
5 Vibration Vibrations of the mechanisms and structures, 5.2.1; 5.3.1; 5.4.1
hazards causing:
— whole body vibration, particularly when
combined with poor postures
— fatigue, loosening of connections or damage
No. Type or group Origin (sources) Subclause of this
standard
to electrical components, which may lead to
further hazards
6 Radiation External radiation 5.2.1
hazards
Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light 5.8.1; 5.9.3.3.1
7 Material and Hazards from contact with or inhalation of 5.5.4.2
substances harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes, and dusts or
hazards material of the crane
Influence of harmful material of the ambient 5.5.4.2; 5.9.3.3
environment (or the load)
Fire or explosion in the operating area of the 5.5.4.4.2; 5.5.4.5.2; 5.9.3.3
crane
8 Ergonomic Inadequate design, location or identification of 5.2.6; 5.5.1
hazard manual controls
9 Hazards Lightning, wind, snow, temperature, water 5.2.2; 5.5.4.1, 5.8.1; 5.8.2
associated with
the environment
in which the
machine is used
10 Unexpected Unexpected start-up of the crane due to a failure 5.2.1; 5.2.5; 5.5.1
start-up or in the control system
uncontrolled
Uncontrolled movements of the crane due to a 5.2.1; 5.5.1
movements
failure in the control system
Overspeed with load lowering (gravity) 5.2.3; 5.2.7; 5.2.8.4; 5.3.3;
5.5.4.5.1; 5.9.2
Wind or a sloped track captures the crane 5.2.7; 5.2.8; 5.3.3.4; 5.7.4;
5.7.7
Unexpected start-up or uncontrolled movement 5.2.1; 5.7.1; 5.7.2; 5.7.4
of the crane due to an error in the software
Unintended or unexpected use by a third person 5.2.1; 5.5.2.2; 5.5.2.3; 7
Hazardous events following faulty adjustments 5.2.1; 5.5.2.3; 7
made by the operator or a third person
Leakage of pressurised fluid causes lowering of 5.5.4.3.1; 5.5.4.3.2; 5.5.5.5.3
the load or the jib
Hazardous movements due disconnection from 5.5.2.2;
the fluid power supply
11 Impossibility of A failure in stopping the crane, jib, trolley or hoist 5.2.8.2; 5.3.2; 5.3.3.5; 5.3.4;
stopping the due to any failure in the crane (e.g. brake failure) 5.5.2.1; 5.5.4.3.1; 5.5.5.2;
machine in the 5.5.5.5.3; 5.9
No. Type or group Origin (sources) Subclause of this
standard
best possible
A failure of stopping the travel motion due to 5.2.8.2.3; 5.7.4; 5.7.7
conditions
insufficient friction (e.g. oil on the runway)
12 Failure of the Dropping of the load or any object clamped by 5.2.3; 5.3.3; 5.5.2.2;
power supply the crane 5.5.4.3.1; 5.7.3
Operator fails to move the crane because of an 5.2.3
overall failure in power supply
13 Failure of Operator fails to move the crane because of an 5.2.1; 5.2.8
control circuit overall failure in control circuit
Failure in emergency-stop circuit 5.2.1; 5.3.3.1; 5.3.3.2;
5.3.3.5; 5.5.2.1; 5.7.1; 5.7.2
Failure in the overload or overspeed functions 5.2.8.4; 5.3.3.5; 5.5.2.1;
5.7.1; 5.7.2; 5.9.3.1
15 Break-up during Dropping of the load due to a breakage of some 5.2.8.4; 5.3.1; 5.3.2; 5.3.3;
operation component 5.3.4; 5.3.6; 5.3.7; 5.3.8;
5.3.9; 5.3.10; 5.4.1; 5.4.2.2;
5.5.3; 5.5.4; 5.5.5; 5.6.1;
5.6.2; 5.7.1; 5.7.2; 5.8.1; 5.9
Dropping or ejection of any machine part 5.2.8.4; 5.3.5.2; 5.5.2.3;
5.7.8
Failure to stop the crane, jib, trolley or hoist due 5.2.8; 5.3.3.1; 5.3.3.2;
to a breakage of some component 5.3.3.4; 5.3.4; 5.7.1; 5.7.2;
5.7.4; 5.7.8; 5.8.1; 5.9.2.3
Any hazard due to dropping of the crane or 5.3.5; 5.7.5; 5.7.7, 5.7.8
trolley from the track
Any hazard due to a failure of a limit switch or 5.7.1; 5.7.2; 5.7.4; 7.3
other protective devices
A whiplash hazard due failure of a hose assembly 5.5.4.4.2
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall conform to the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not
significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Electrical equipment
5.2.1 General
The electrical equipment shall conform to EN 60204-32 as amended in this standard.
High voltage equipment (exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.) shall conform to EN 60204-11. All
references to EN 60204-1 in EN 60204-11 shall be considered as references to the respective clauses in
EN 60204-32:2008.
5.2.2 Physical environment and operating conditions
When the physical environment or the operating conditions are outside those specified in 4.4 of
EN 60204-32:2008, the specification of the electrical equipment shall be amended accordingly.
Wind chill effects and solar heat gain shall be taken into account where appropriate.
5.2.3 Electrical supply
The electrical equipment shall be designed to operate correctly in the conditions specified in 4.3 of
EN 60204-32:2008. Where the cabling distances would cause voltage drops in excess of those allowed
under EN 60204-32, the selection of equipment shall be based on actual voltages.
When calculating the voltage drop, the most unfavourable position of the hoisting appliance in relation
to its supply point shall be taken into account. The start-up (I ) and rated (I ) currents of the motors
D N
operating simultaneously shall be taken into account.
NOTE 1 The rated current (I ) cannot necessarily be considered to mean the nameplate current of the motor
N
but the current drawn by the motor at full rated load.
For squirrel-cage rotor motors I (start-up current), refer to the manufacturer's catalogue. In case the
D
motor is controlled by an electronic drive (soft-starter, frequency converter etc.), the maximum current
occurring during any phase of operation should be considered as start-up current, although the highest
current does not necessarily occur when starting the motion.
NOTE 2 With direct starting of squirrel cage motors, I is typically five to ten times I . For slip-ring motors, I
D N D
is typically two times I . With electronic drives, the start-up current depends on the converter type and on its
N
adjustments; with frequency converters in hoisting motions I is typically below two times I .
D N
Where the crane-supply-switch is not readily accessible on the access way to the crane, the crane-
disconnector and disconnectors for special circuits shall be capable of breaking the short circuit current
of the associated circuits.
5.2.4 Protection against electric shock by direct contact
For each circuit or part of the electrical equipment, protection against electric shock by direct contact
shall, whenever practicable, be provided by enclosures or insulation of live parts in accordance with
EN 60204-32.
Where these measures are not practicable,
— protection by barriers according to IEC 60364-4-41, is acceptable in electrical operating areas and
enclosed electrical operating areas;
— protection by placing out of reach in accordance with EN 60204-32 is acceptable only in the case of
conductor bars and conductor wires.
5.2.5 Control circuits and control functions
Where means for temporary suspension of safeguarding (see EN 60204-32:2008, 9.2.4) is provided,
— the device for suspending shall be located inside an enclosure, access to which, requires special
tools, or
— other means, not available for normal operation, e.g. a key-operated switch or password protection,
shall be provided.
Suspension of safeguarding shall also limit the performance of the machine or have other means (e.g.
automatic restoration of the safeguarding after power-off or a time delay) to avoid prolonged
suspension.
Push-buttons and similar control devices that alternately initiate and stop an action, shall not be used
for motion drives.
Cableless controls and control functions shall be in accordance with 9.2.7 of EN 60204-32:2008.
5.2.6 Operator interface and mounted control devices
The function of each control actuator shall be indicated on or adjacent to it.
The recommended colours of push-buttons are as follows:
Start/On Green
Stop/Off Black
Hold to Run White
Reset Blue
The stop button of a cableless Red
control station
Other functions Yellow or grey
5.2.7 Power driven motions
All powered motions shall be power driven at all times during normal operation.
5.2.8 Selection of motors
5.2.8.1 General
Motors for a crane motion shall be designed such that the motors have enough capacity:
— to perform the specified, consecutive working cycles without overheating;
— to start the motion with a specified acceleration;
— to maintain the specified speed of the motion.
Decisive duty features for sizing of crane motors are short-term factors such as the starting period of
the motion or a single work cycle. Consequently, the basic crane duty parameters of EN 13001-1 – the
hoist load spectrum and total number of work cycles – are not relevant for sizing the motor as an
electrical component. The average distance per work cycle of each motion (see EN 13001-1) shall be
taken into account, when determining an appropriate rating type of the motor duty and thermal power
rating requirement.
The following, related factors shall be taken into account together with the motor itself:
— features of the electrical drive system (rated current and voltage with resulting motor torque
characteristics, speed regulation and type of braking);
— cyclic duration factor of the specified duty;
— number of cycles/hour;
— type of power feed;
— degree of protection (environment conditions);
— ambient temperature in the motor location;
— altitude of the operating site.
5.2.8.2 Loadings
5.2.8.2.1 General
The loads to be applied in 5.2.8.5 to 5.2.8.7 shall be in accordance with EN 13001-2, setting all the
dynamic factors ϕ = 1 and the partial safety factors γ = 1. The hoisted load shall be applied with the
i p
value of the rated load, unless otherwise specified. The wind state for an outdoor crane shall be that
specified for the crane and applied in calculation of wind forces in accordance with EN 13001-2. Travel
resistance shall be taken into account as an external load action.
In transforming the load actions to a motor torque, the internal efficiency (friction) of the mechanical
system shall be taken into account.
For the thermal capacity calculation in 5.2.8.7, the load combinations A of EN 13001-2 shall be applied,
with the addition of in-service wind force during controlled movement (see EN 13001-2) into each load
combination.
For the torque calculations in 5.2.8.5 and 5.2.8.6, the load combinations B of EN 13001-2 shall be
applied, applying the in-service wind force required for starting drive forces (see EN 13001-2).
5.2.8.2.2 Travel resistance
The total travel resistance due to rolling resistance and bearing friction in cases, where a wheel is
running on a flat surface, shall be calculated by multiplying the wheel force perpendicular to the
running surface by a rolling friction factor.
Values given in the Table 2 should be used as guidance for the rolling friction factors for a steel wheel
equipped with roller bearings.
Table 2 — Rolling friction factors for steel-steel contact
Wheel diameter D [mm]
w
Wheel
construction
50 80 100 125 160 250 320 400 and
larger
Flanged
0,013 0,011 0,01 0,009 0,008 0,006 5 0,006 0,005 5 0,005
wheels
Flangeless
0,011 0,009
...
記事タイトル：SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 - クレーン - 安全 - 設計 - 機器の要件 記事内容：この欧州規格は、あらゆる種類のクレーンおよびそれに関連する固定荷重持ち上げアタッチメントで使用される電気、機械、油圧、空気圧機器の設計および選択の要件を規定しています。これにより、人員の健康と安全に影響を与える危険からの保護および機能の信頼性が確保されることを目的としています。 注：特定の種類のクレーンおよび荷重持ち上げアタッチメントに対する具体的な要件は、該当する欧州規格で示されています。 本規格は、クレーンへの電力供給の接続点（クレーンの電源スイッチ）から始まり、クレーン外部にある電源供給および制御フィーダ（たとえば、フレキシブルケーブル、導体ワイヤまたはバー、電動機、無線制御など）に対する電気機器を対象としています。 この規格では、危険な荷物を輸送するクレーンに適用する原則が示されています。特に、熱い溶融金属を輸送するクレーンに対して特定の要件が記載されています。 本規格は、個々の機器の詳細な設計には触れておらず、特定の使用目的のための機器の選択についてのガイドラインを提供しています。 一般的に、設備や部品の証明に関する計算や関連する強度要件または安全マージンは、本規格では扱われていません。これらの問題は、EN 13001パート1および2、および一部準備中のEN 13001-3シリーズで扱われています（詳細は付録Aを参照）が、EN 13001シリーズには含まれていない項目に対して一部の安全マージンがここで記載されています。 本規格では、騒音による危険は扱われておらず、各種クレーンに特化した安全規格で取り扱われます。 爆発性のある環境、イオン化放射線、EN 61000-6-2の範囲を超える電磁界による運用といった特定の危険性は、本規格では扱われていません。 本規格で扱われる主な危険は、4節で特定されています。 本規格は、本規格がCENによって公開された日付より前に製造されたクレーンには適用されません。
The article discusses the requirements for the design and selection of equipment used in cranes. The purpose is to ensure the safety of personnel and the reliability of function. Specific requirements for different types of cranes and load lifting attachments are specified in appropriate European Standards. The standard covers electrical equipment from the point of connection of the power supply to the crane, including power supply and control systems. It also discusses principles for cranes transporting hazardous loads, particularly hot molten metal. The standard does not cover the detailed design of individual equipment items, but it provides guidance on their selection for specific uses. Competence calculations, strength requirements, safety margins, noise hazards, potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields are not covered by this standard. The article also mentions that it is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the publication of this standard by CEN.
The article discusses the requirements for the design and selection of equipment used in cranes to protect personnel and ensure functionality. It specifies that specific requirements for different types of cranes are given in separate European Standards. The electrical equipment covered includes power supply, control feeders, electric motors, and cableless controls. The standard also addresses the principles for cranes transporting hazardous loads, particularly hot molten metal. However, it does not cover the detailed design of individual equipment items. Competence calculations and strength requirements are covered in other standards. Noise hazards are addressed in crane-specific safety standards, and hazards related to explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, and electromagnetic fields are not covered. The article also states that the standard does not apply to cranes manufactured before its publication.
기사 제목: SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 - 크레인 - 안전 - 설계 - 장비 요구 사항 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 모든 종류의 크레인 및 연관된 고정된 하중 들어 올리기 부착물에 사용되는 전기, 기계, 유압 및 공압 장비의 설계 및 선택에 대한 요구 사항을 규정합니다. 이를 통해 인적 보건 및 안전에 영향을 미치는 위험으로부터 인원을 보호하고 기능의 신뢰성을 달성하기 위합니다. 참고: 특정 유형의 크레인 및 하중 들어 올리기 부착물에 대한 구체적인 요구 사항은 적절한 유럽 표준에서 제공됩니다. 이 유럽 표준은 크레인에 전원이 연결되는 지점(크레인 공급 스위치)부터 시작하여 크레인 외부에 위치한 전원 공급 및 제어 피더(e.g. 유연 케이블, 도체 와이어 또는 바, 전기 모터, 무선 제어 등)에 대한 전기 장비를 다룹니다. 이 표준에서는 위험한 하중을 운반하는 크레인에 적용되는 원칙을 제시합니다. 특히, 뜨거운 용액 금속을 운반하는 크레인에 대해 특정 요구 사항이 제시됩니다. 이 표준은 개별 장비 항목에 대한 상세한 설계는 다루지 않습니다. 단, 특정 사용 측면을 위한 선택에 대한 가이드라인은 제공됩니다. 일반적으로, 장비 및 구성 요소의 역량 계산 및 관련 강도 요구 사항 또는 안전 여유는 이 표준에 포함되지 않습니다. 이러한 문제들은 EN 13001-1 및 2, 그리고 일부 준비 중인 EN 13001-3 시리즈에 다루어집니다(자세한 내용은 부록 A를 참조하십시오). 예외적으로, EN 13001-시리즈에서 다루지 않는 항목에 대해 일부 안전 여유가 여기에서 제시됩니다. 소음으로 인한 위험은 이 표준에서 다루지 않습니다. 이는 각 크레인 유형에 대한 안전 표준에서 다루어집니다. 이 유럽 표준은 잠재적으로 폭발성 환경, 이온화 방사선 및 EN 61000-6-2 범위를 벗어난 전자기장에서의 운영과 관련된 특정 위험을 다루지 않습니다. 이 유럽 표준에서 다루는 주요 위험은 4절에서 확인할 수 있습니다. 이 유럽 표준은 이 표준이 CEN에게 출판된 날짜 이전에 제조된 크레인에는 적용되지 않습니다.
이 문서는 "SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 - 유럽 크레인 안전 설계 요구사항 - 장비에 대한 요구사항"에 대해 설명하고 있다. 이 유럽 표준은 모든 유형의 크레인과 관련된 고정된 하중 들어올리기 부속품을 사용하는데 쓰이는 전기, 기계, 수력 및 공기 압축 장비의 설계와 선택에 대한 요구사항을 명시한다. 이는 인력의 건강과 안전에 영향을 미치는 위험으로부터 보호하고 기능의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위한 것이다. 특정 유형의 크레인과 하중 들어올리기 부속품에 대한 구체적인 요구사항은 해당 유럽 표준에 기재되어 있다. 이 유럽 표준의 전기 장비는 크레인과의 전원 공급점(크레인 전원 스위치)에서 시작되며, 크레인 외부에 위치한 전원 공급 및 제어 피더 시스템, 예를 들어 유연한 케이블, 도체 와이어 또는 바, 전기 모터 및 무선 제어장치도 포함된다. 이 표준에는 위험물을 운송하는 크레인에 적용되는 원칙이 명시되어 있다. 특별한 요구사항은 뜨거운 용융 금속을 운송하는 크레인에 대해 명시된다. 이 표준은 개별 장비 항목의 상세 설계는 다루지 않는다. 다만, 특정 사용 측면에 대해 선택되는 경우를 제외하고는 장비와 구성 요소의 인증 계산 및 관련 강도 요구사항 또는 안전 여유는 이 표준에 다루지 않는다. 이러한 문제는 EN 13001-1 및 2부 및 EN 13001-3 시리즈에 포함되어 있으며, 일부는 준비 중인 EN 13001-3에도 포함되어 있다(부록 A 참조). 소음으로 인한 위험은 이 표준에 포함되어 있지 않다. 이는 각 유형의 크레인에 대한 안전 표준에서 다루어진다. 잠재적으로 폭발성 대기, 이온화 방사선 및 EN 61000-6-2의 범위를 벗어나는 전자기장에서 작동하는 위험은 이 유럽 표준에 포함되어 있지 않다. 이 유럽 표준에서 다루는 중요한 위험은 4조에 명시되어 있다. 이 유럽 표준은 이 표준이 CEN에 의해 발표된 날짜 이전에 제조된 크레인에는 적용되지 않는다.
この記事は、「SIST EN 13135:2013+A1:2018 - クレーン - 安全性 - 設計 - 装置の要件」という題目で、クレーンに使用される電気、機械、油圧および空気圧装置の設計と選択に関する要件を規定しています。その目的は、人々の健康と安全に影響を及ぼす危険から保護し、機能の信頼性を確保することです。 特定のクレーンの種類や荷役アタッチメントの要件は、適切なヨーロッパ規格で定められています。 このヨーロッパ規格で対象となる電気装置は、クレーンへの給電点（クレーン給電スイッチ）から始まり、クレーンの外部に位置する電力供給および制御フィーダーシステム（例：フレキシブルケーブル、導体ワイヤーまたはバー、電動機、ケーブルレスコントロール）が含まれます。 この規格では、危険物を輸送するクレーンの原則が示されています。特に、溶融金属を輸送するクレーンには特別な要件があります。 ただし、個々の装置の詳細設計については扱われていません。一般的に、機器や部品の選択に関する特定の使用面における適合性の計算と関連する強度要件や安全余裕は、この規格では扱われていません。これらの問題は、EN 13001-1および2部、および一部準備中のEN 13001-3シリーズで扱われています（付録Aを参照）。 ノイズによる危険は、この規格では扱われていません。ユーザーごとのクレーンに特化した安全性規格で取り扱われます。 爆発性のある環境、イオン化放射線、およびEN 61000-6-2の範囲を超える電磁界での運用に伴う特定の危険については、このヨーロッパ規格では扱われていません。 このヨーロッパ規格でカバーされる重要な危険は、4条で識別されています。 このヨーロッパ規格は、この規格がCENによって発行された日付以前に製造されたクレーンには適用されません。
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