kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17724:2021

Plant Biostimulants - Terminology

This document specifies the terms and definitions referred to all the plant biostimulant field and it is constituted by 6 subclauses:
3.1   Claims
3.2   Terms relating to components
3.3   Terms relating to application method
3.4   Terms relating to sample preparation
3.5   Terms relating to physical form
3.6   Others terms relating to plant biostimulants

Biostimulanzien für die pflanzliche Anwendung - Terminologie

Dieses Dokument legt die Begriffe in Bezug auf den gesamten Bereich der Biostimulanzien für die pflanzliche Anwendung fest und besteht aus 6 Unterabschnitten:
3.1   Produktangaben
3.2   Begriffe mit Bezug auf Bestandteile
3.3   Begriffe mit Bezug auf das Anwendungsverfahren
3.4   Begriffe mit Bezug auf die Probenvorbereitung
3.5   Begriffe mit Bezug auf die physikalische Form
3.6   Weitere Begriffe mit Bezug auf Biostimulanzien für die pflanzliche Anwendung

Biostimulants des végétaux - Terminologie

Le présent document spécifie les termes et définitions utilisés dans le domaine des biostimulants des végétaux et il est composé de 6 paragraphes :
3.1   Allégations
3.2   Termes relatifs aux composants
3.3   Termes relatifs à la méthode d’application
3.4   Termes relatifs à la préparation de l’échantillon
3.5   Termes relatifs à la présentation physique
3.6   Autres termes relatifs aux biostimulants des végétaux

Rastlinski biostimulanti - Terminologija

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 01.040.65 - Agriculture (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 65.080 - Fertilizers
• Technical Committee: KAT - Soil quality
• Current Stage: 5520 - Unique Acceptance Procedure (UAP) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 25-Feb-2022
• Completion Date: 07-Dec-2021
• Directive: 2019/1009 - Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilising products and amending Regulations (EC) No 1069/2009 and (EC) No 1107/2009 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003
• Mandate: M/564 - Fertilising products in support of Regulation (EU) 2019/1009
• Ref Project: CEN/TS 17724:2022 - Plant biostimulants - Terminology

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17724:2021
01-november-2021
Rastlinski biostimulansi - Terminologija
Plant Biostimulants - Terminology
Biostimulanzien für die pflanzliche Anwendung - Terminologie
Biostimulants des végétaux - Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 17724
ICS:
01.040.65 Kmetijstvo (Slovarji) Agriculture (Vocabularies)
65.080 Gnojila Fertilizers
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17724:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17724:2021
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17724:2021
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 17724
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2021
ICS 65.080
English Version
Plant Biostimulants - Terminology

Biostimulants des végétaux - Terminologie Biostimulanzien für die pflanzliche Anwendung -

Terminologie

This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 455.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change

without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17724:2021 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Claims .................................................................................................................................................................. 5

3.1.1 General principles .......................................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Terms relating to components ................................................................................................................. 11

3.3 Terms related to application method .................................................................................................... 17

3.4 Terms relating to sample preparation .................................................................................................. 19

3.5 Physical form .................................................................................................................................................. 19

3.6 Others terms relating to plant biostimulants ..................................................................................... 20

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

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European foreword

This document (FprCEN/TS 17724:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 455

“Plant biostimulant”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TS.

This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European

Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
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Introduction

This document was prepared by the experts of CEN/TC 455 ‘Plant Biostimulants’. The European

Committee for Standardization (CEN) was requested by the European Commission (EC) to draft

European standards or European standardization deliverables to support the implementation of

Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 Of 5 June 2019 laying down rules on the making available on the market of

EU fertilising products (“FPR” or “Fertilising Products Regulation”). This request, presented as SReq

M/564, also contributes to the Communication on “Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bio economy

for Europe”. The Working Group 5 “Labelling and denominations”, was created to develop a work

program as part of this request.

The technical committee CEN/TC 455 ‘Plant Biostimulants’ was established to carry out the work

program that will prepare a series of standards. The interest in biostimulants has increased

significantly in Europe as a valuable tool to use in agriculture. Standardization was identified as having

an important role in order to promote the use of biostimulants. The work of CEN/TC 455 seeks to

improve the reliability of the supply chain, thereby improving the confidence of farmers, industry, and

consumers in biostimulants, and will promote and support commercialization of the European

biostimulant industry.
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1 Scope

This document specifies the terms and definitions referred to all the plant biostimulant field and it is

constituted by 6 subclauses:
3.1 Claims
3.2 Terms relating to components
3.3 Terms relating to application method
3.4 Terms relating to sample preparation
3.5 Terms relating to physical form
3.6 Others terms relating to plant biostimulants
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Claims
3.1.1 General principles
3.1.1.1
applicant R&D activities
data derived from R&D activities performed by the applicant

Note 1 to entry: R&D can be related to the plant biostimulant product development, testing and validation,

irrespective of the environment in which the type of data has been generated (e.g. under controlled conditions,

protected crop or field conditions).

Note 2 to entry: If the applicant has performed the R&D activities by its own technical resources or if the

applicant has subcontracted the R&D activities, as long as the owner of the outcome data from the R&D activities

is and can be proven to be the applicant.
3.1.1.2
bioavailability

degree to which substances can be absorbed/adsorbed by a plant or microbe, which is made available

at a site of physiological activity and so is able to have a biological effect
3.1.1.3
claim

effect(s) of the product that could be asserted on the product label of a plant biostimulant and after the

conformity assessment procedure
3.1.1.4
crop

cultivated plant including all components of the plant (above ground parts and below ground parts),

mushrooms, microalgae and macroalgae
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3.1.1.5
general principle

define the crops and quality criteria applicable to all plant biostimulants for carrying out the tests

necessary to justify the claim
3.1.1.6
plant
live plant and live parts of plants, including fresh fruit, vegetables and seeds
Note 1 to entry: It also includes micro algae, macro algae and mushrooms.
3.1.1.7
plant biostimulant product

product stimulating plant nutrition processes independently of the product’s nutrient content with the

sole aim of improving the nutrient use efficiency, the tolerance to abiotic stress, the quality traits of the

plant or the plant rhizosphere or the availability of confined nutrient in soil or rhizosphere

3.1.1.8
protected crop

crop cultivation in greenhouses or plastic tunnels with or without specific control of climate conditions

according to the farming practice
EXAMPLE Cucumbers/ tomatoes cultivation.
3.1.1.9
plant nutrient

chemical element used by the plant for growth and development, usually classified as Primary

Macronutrients, Secondary Macronutrients and Micronutrients in the quantities required by the plant

Note 1 to entry: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are also essential elements for plant growth.

Note 2 to entry: Primary Macronutrients – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium;
Secondary Macronutrients – Sulphur, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium;
Micronutrients – Iron, Molybdenum, Boron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Cobalt.
3.1.1.10
trial series

combination of more than one trial result, all trials performed under the same trial protocol but in

different places and/or at different times
EXAMPLE Rate, crop, number of applications.
3.1.2
Nutrient Use Efficiency
NUE

measure of a plant’s ability to acquire and utilize nutrients from the environment for a desired outcome

based on (a) nutrient availability (b) uptake efficiency and/or (c) utilization efficiency

Note 1 to entry: Nutrient use efficiency is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from

the soil, medium, fertilizing products, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant.

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3.1.2.1
chelated plant nutrient
complexed plant nutrient

composition based on an inorganic form of the plant nutrient (for ex. salt or oxide) and a chelating or

complexing agent, resulting in a product that enhances the nutrient availability to plants

3.1.2.2
labelling

improve nutrient(s) use efficiency (the nutrient in question must be precisely specified) according the

type of the product biostimulant’s activities and the type of plant nutrients
3.1.2.3
nutrient assimilation

uptake of nutrients into cells and tissues and consequent building up into more complex substances

EXAMPLE converting available nitrogen into biomass.
3.1.2.4
nutrient availability

measure of the capacity of a nutrient to be acquired by the plant, depending on its presence in the soil

solution or on soil colloids
3.1.2.5
nutrient uptake
acquisition of nutrients by the plant
3.1.2.6
plant development

complex process by which the size, composition and organization of a plant changes during its life,

encompassing seed germination, vegetative growth, formation of flowers, bloom, fruit set and

maturation (embryo development)
3.1.2.7
plant metabolism

various biochemical reactions occurring in a living plant cell in order to maintain life and growth

3.1.2.8
plant nutrition

supply and absorption of chemical compounds needed for plant growth and metabolism

3.1.2.9
plant nutrition process

mechanism by which nutrients are utilized or converted to cellular constituents and used for energetic

or metabolic purposes
3.1.2.10
quality

desired attributes of cultivated organisms in terms of human or animal nutrition, marketing, aesthetics,

composition, agronomical trait, or technical
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3.1.2.11
substance

chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process,

including any additives necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process

used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance

or changing its composition
3.1.2.12
uptake efficiency
measure of the plant capacity to acquire nutrients from the environment
3.1.2.13
utilization efficiency

measure of the plant capacity to transform and valorize acquired nutrients into more complex

substances
EXAMPLE Organic compounds, plant biomass.
3.1.3
tolerance to abiotic stress
ability to endure abiotic stress
3.1.3.1
abiotic stress

negative impact of non-living factors on the plant in a specific crop environment

Note 1 to entry: Crop tolerance to abiotic stress is addressed to one or more (multiple or combined) of the

following stress categories:
1) chemical stress;
2) light stress;
3) mechanical stress;
4) osmotic stress;
5) oxidative stress;
6) thermal stress;
7) water stress.
3.1.3.1.1
chemical stress

negative impact of chemicals (supra-optimal or sub-optimal chemical compounds or presence) on the

plant in a specific crop environment

EXAMPLE Salt stress, high solutes concentrations, mineral toxicity induced by heavy metals or excessive

application of mineral nutrients, adverse pH conditions, ozone stress, phytotoxic effects of xenobiotics.

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3.1.3.1.2
light stress

negative impact of light intensity and/or spectrum on the plant in a specific crop environment

EXAMPLE High irradiance or low irradiance, UV radiation.
3.1.3.1.3
mechanical stress

negative impact of a mechanical force on the plant or the root zone in a specific crop environment

EXAMPLE Wind, hail, agricultural operations.
3.1.3.1.4
osmotic stress

physiologic dysfunction caused by a sudden change in the solute concentration around a cell, which

causes a rapid change in the movement of water across its cell membrane
3.1.3.1.5
oxidative stress

disturbance in the normal redox state of cells that can cause toxic effects through the production of

peroxidase and free radicals that damage all components of the cells, including proteins, lipids and DNA

3.1.3.1.6
thermal stress

negative impact of temperature (supra-optimal and sub-optimal temperature) on the plant in a specific

crop environment

EXAMPLE Heat stress or cold stress such as chilling and freezing stress environment.

3.1.3.1.7
water stress

negative impact of water or high solutes concentration (supra-optimal and sub-optimal temperature

with the water level) or excessive transpiration on the plant in a specific crop environment

EXAMPLE Drought, High vapour pressure deficit, flooding.
3.1.3.2
priming effect

biochemical signalling induced by a first stress exposure that leads to enhanced defence system to a

later stress

Note 1 to entry: Priming effect results in a faster and stronger induction of basal defence mechanisms to abiotic

stresses. Biostimulants can act as a priming stimulus. Some priming effects have been shown to pass down plant

generations allowing a local population to improve fitness to the immediate environment.

3.1.3.3
xenobiotic

chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present

within the organism
Note 1 to entry: Heavy metals, pesticides, ozone.
3.1.4
quality trait
desired attribute(s) of a crop regarding agronomical and marketable traits
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3.1.4.1
agronomical trait

property related to plant phenotype such as state, relative development, or amount of a plant organ (or

part), a plant cycle stage or a plant component that has proven contribution in one or more key

performance characteristics in plant production such as yield, plant value, end use or quality parameter

EXAMPLE Photosynthetic activity, flower number, root length, root density, foliar biomass, germination rate,

flower fertility, root growth, root development, seedling emergence, dry matter content, tillering, vigour, plant

biomass, uniformity of flowering, anticipation of flowering, uniformity in fruit set, fruit number, pod size, pod

length, spikelet size, spike length, reduction of internode length, increase of seed protein content and increase in

antioxidants and other functional compounds.
3.1.4.2
marketable trait

property which can improve the marketable value and/or marketable part of the crop such as

nutritional, organoleptic, technico-functional properties, fruit size, tuber size, tuber weight, physical

characteristic of the harvest

EXAMPLE Colour, firmness, size, sugar content, oil content, skin quality and increase of sensory attributes.

3.1.4.3
nutritional property

content of substances normally consumed as a constituent of food or feed, which provides energy, is

needed for growth, development and maintenance of healthy life or is a deficit of which will cause

characteristic bio-chemical or physiological changes to occur
EXAMPLE Protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals.
3.1.4.4
organoleptic property
property related to an attribute perceptible by the senses
EXAMPLE Appearance, basic taste, acidity, odour, flavour, colour.
3.1.4.5
techno-functional property

physico-chemical attribute which impacts a transformation process or any downstream use

EXAMPLE Food, feed, energy, cosmetology, pharmacology, building materials
3.1.5 Availability of confined nutrients in the soil or rhizosphere
3.1.5.1
available nutrient
element either present in the soil solution or exchangeable on soil colloids
3.1.5.2
confined nutrient

element present in the solid and gaseous phases of the soil including atmospheric nitrogen, excepting

soil colloids
3.1.5.3
improvement of availability of confined nutrients in the soil or rhizosphere

moving soil nutrient from the pool of confined nutrients to the pool of available nutrients

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3.1.5.4
nitrogen fixation

biochemical process by which molecular nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonia or into other

nitrogen compounds, which are available to the living organisms including plants and microorganisms,

in soils, phyllosphere or in aquatic system
3.1.5.5
nutrient uptake
quantity of nutrient acquired from the external environment into a plant
3.1.5.6
phosphate solubilization

ability of some organic substances, beneficial microorganisms and other substances which help

beneficial microorganism to solubilize inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds in order to

improve the uptake of phosphorous
3.1.5.7
rhizosphere
volume of soil around living roots that is influenced by root activities
3.1.5.8
soil

layer of unconsolidated material consisting of weathered material particles, dead and living organic

matter, air space, and soil solution
3.1.5.9
soil colloids

finer size fractions of the soil (clay and organic matter), being also considered as the most chemically

active portion of the soil because of their large surface area and the chemical structure of the materials

involved
3.1.5.10
soil solution
liquid phase of the soil and its solutes
3.2 Terms relating to components
3.2.1
macroalgae

informal term for a large, diverse group of polyphyletic photosynthetic organisms that are not

necessarily closely related to each other
Note 1 to entry: Most are aquatic and autotrophic.
Note 2 to entry: Not including microalgae.
3.2.2
microorganism

any microbiological entity, including lower fungi, bacteria and viruses, cellular or non-cellular, capable

of replication or of transferring genetic material, including dead or empty-cell, micro-organisms and

non-harmful elements of the media on which they were produced
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3.2.2.1
azospirillum sp
gram-negative bacteria that belong to the alphaproteobacterial phylum

Note 1 to entry: Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial

genus. Azospirillum are gram-negative, do not form spores, and have a slightly-twisted oblong-rod shape.

Azospirillum have at least one flagellum and sometimes multiple flagella. The genus has about 20 species, the

relationships between all the species have not been resolved in details, however most likely they constitute a

coherent group.

Note 2 to entry: Azospirillium bacteria are aerobic non fermentative chemoorganotrophs, vibroid, produce several

hormones, mainly auxins (not described for all species yet), and most of them are diazotrophic (fix atmospheric

nitrogen gas into a more usable form).
3.2.2.2
azotobacter sp
genus of Gram negative, free-living, non-symbiotic, aerobic soil bacteria

Note 1 to entry: This is a genus of bacteria usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts

and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an

important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and

releasing nitrogen forms available to plants. The phylogeny of the genus is not resolved in details, so this

standards restrict in this context Azotobacter spp to the species Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandii

and Azotobacter beijerinckii which most likely comprise a coherent group within Pseudomonas.

3.2.2.3
bacteria

single celled prokaryotic microorganism, spherical or spiral or rod-shaped, that typically live in soil,

water, or
...