SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006
(Main)Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
Eurocode 6 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works, or parts thereof, in unreinforced, reinforced, prestressed and confined masonry. Eurocode 6 deals only with the requirements for resistance, serviceability and durability of structures. Other requirements, for example, concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered. Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions made in the design rules. Eurocode 6 does not cover the special requirements of seismic design. Provisions related to such requirements are given in Eurocode 8 "Design of structures in seismic regions" which complements, and is consistent with, Eurocode 6. Numerical values of the actions on buildings and civil engineering works to be taken into account in the design are not given in Eurocode 6. They are provided in Eurocode 1 "Actions on structures".
Eurocode 6 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Mauerwerksbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln für bewehrtes und unbewehrtes Mauerwerk
Eurocode 6 : Calcul des ouvrages en maçonnerie - Partie 1-1: Regles générales pour ouvrages en maçonnerie armée et non armée
Domaine d'application
Domaine d’application de l’Eurocode 6
(1)P L’Eurocode 6 s’applique au calcul des bâtiments et des ouvrages de génie civil, ou de parties d’ouvrage, en maçonnerie non armée, armée, précontrainte ou confinée.
(2)P L’Eurocode 6 ne traite que ce qui concerne les prescriptions de résistance, de service (aptitude a l’emploi) et de durabilité des ouvrages. Les autres prescriptions, par exemple celles relatives aux isolations thermiques ou acoustiques, ne sont pas abordées.
(3)P L’exécution des travaux n’est traitée que dans la mesure nécessaire a la définition des qualités de matériaux de construction et de produits qu’il convient de mettre en ouvre, et a la définition de la qualité d’exécution sur chantier requise conformément aux hypotheses des regles de calcul.
(4)P Le présent Eurocode 6 ne traite pas des prescriptions particulieres du calcul au séisme. Les dispositions a prendre vis a vis de telles prescriptions sont données par l’Eurocode 8, qui est cohérent avec l’Eurocode 6 et le complete.
(5)P Les valeurs numériques des actions devant etre prises en compte dans le calcul des bâtiments et des ouvrages de génie civil ne sont pas données par l’Eurocode 6. Ces valeurs figurent dans l’Eurocode 1.
Evrokod 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila za armirano in nearmirano zidovje
(1)P Evrokod 6, 1-1. del daje podlago za projektiranje stavb in gradbenih inženirskih objektov iz zidovja. 1-1. del obravnava nearmirano in armirano zidovje, kjer dodana armatura izboljša duktilnost in nosilnost ali uporabnost. Podaja načela za projektiranje prednapetega in povezanega zidovja, vendar brez pravil za uporabo. Ta del ne velja za zidovje s tlorisno površino manj kot 0,04 m2.
(2) Za tiste tipe konstrukcij, ki jih standard ne zajema v celoti, za nove vrste uporabe konstrukcij iz uveljavljenih materialov, za konstrukcije iz novih materialov oziroma za konstrukcije, ki morajo prevzeti vplive in druge posledice, za katere ni običajnih izkušenj, se načela in pravila za uporabo, navedena v tem standardu, lahko uporabljajo, vendar se po potrebi dopolnijo.
(3) 1-1. del navaja podrobna pravila, ki so v glavnem uporabna za običajne stavbe. Zaradi praktičnih razlogov ali poenostavitev je uporabnost teh pravil lahko omejena. Kakršnakoli omejitev uporabnosti je omenjena med besedilom na mestih, kjer je potrebno.
(4)P 1-1. del obravnava naslednja poglavja:
1. del: Splošno
2. del: Osnove projektiranja
3. del: Materiali
4. del: Trajnost
5. del: Analiza konstrukcije
6. del: Končno mejno stanje
7. del: Mejno stanje uporabnosti
8. del: Detajli
9. del: Izvedba
(5)P 1-1. del ne obsega:
požarne odpornosti (ki jo obravnava EN 1996-1-2);
posebnih vidikov posebnih tipov stavb (na primer dinamičnih učinkov na visoke stavbe);
posebnih vidikov posebnih tipov gradbenih inženirskih objektov (kot so zidani mostovi, pregrade, dimniki ali konstrukcije, ki zadržujejo tekočine);
posebnih vidikov posebnih tipov konstrukcije (kot so loki ali kupole);
zidovja, kjer se za zidanje uporabljajo malte z mavcem brez cementa ali z njim;
zidovja, kjer zidaki niso položeni v pravilnem razporedu v vrstah (kamnito zidovje);
zidovje, armirano z drugimi materiali kot z jeklom.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structuresEvrokod 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila za armirano in nearmirano zidovjeEurocode 6 : Calcul des ouvrages en maçonnerie - Partie 1-1: Regles générales pour ouvrages en maçonnerie armée et non arméeEurocode 6 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Mauerwerksbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln für bewehrtes und unbewehrtes MauerwerkTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1996-1-1:2005SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006en91.080.30Zidane konstrukcijeMasonry91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SIST ENV 1996-1-1:20041DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1996-1-1:200601-maj-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1996-1-1November 2005ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.30Supersedes ENV 1996-1-1:1995, ENV 1996-1-3:1998
English VersionEurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: Generalrules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structuresEurocode 6 - Calcul des ouvrages en maçonnerie - Partie1-1: Règles communes pour ouvrages en maçonneriearmée et non arméeEurocode 6 - Bemessung und Konstruktion vonMauerwerksbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln fürbewehrtes und unbewehrtes MauerwerkThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 June 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1996-1-1:2005: E
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Background to the Eurocode programme.7 Status and field of application of Eurocodes.8 National Standards implementing Eurocodes.9 Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products.9 National Annex for EN 1996-1-1.10 1 General.11 1.1 Scope.11 1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 6.11 1.1.2 Scope of Part 1-1 of Eurocode 6.11 1.1.3 Further Parts of Eurocode 6.12 1.2 Normative references.13 1.2.1 General.13 1.2.2 Reference standards.13 1.3 Assumptions.14 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.14 1.5 Terms and Definitions.15 1.5.1 General.15 1.5.2 Terms relating to masonry.15 1.5.3 Terms relating to strength of masonry.15 1.5.4 Terms relating to masonry units.16 1.5.5 Terms relating to mortar.17 1.5.6 Terms relating to concrete infill.18 1.5.7 Terms relating to reinforcement.18 1.5.8 Terms relating to ancillary components.18 1.5.9 Terms relating to mortar joints.19 1.5.10 Terms relating to wall types.19 1.5.11 Miscellaneous terms.20 1.6 Symbols.21 2 Basis of design.27 2.1 Basic requirements.27 2.1.1 General.27 2.1.2 Reliability.27 2.1.3 Design working life and durability.27 2.2 Principles of limit state design.27 2.3 Basic variables.28 2.3.1 Actions.28 2.3.2 Design values of actions.28 2.3.3 Material and product properties.28 2.4 Verification by the partial factor method.28 2.4.1 Design values of material properties.28
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 3 2.4.2 Combination of actions.28 2.4.3 Ultimate limit states.28 2.4.4 Serviceability limit states.29 2.5 Design assisted by testing.29 3 Materials.30 3.1 Masonry Units.30 3.1.1 Types and grouping of masonry units.30 3.1.2 Properties of masonry units –compressive strength.32 3.2 Mortar.32 3.2.1 Types of masonry mortar.32 3.2.2 Specification of masonry mortar.32 3.2.3 Properties of mortar.33 3.3 Concrete infill.33 3.3.1 General.33 3.3.2 Specification for concrete infill.33 3.3.3 Properties of concrete infill.33 3.4 Reinforcing steel.34 3.4.1 General.34 3.4.2 Properties of reinforcing steel bars.34 3.4.3 Properties of prefabricated bed joint reinforcement.34 3.5 Prestressing steel.35 3.6 Mechanical properties of masonry.35 3.6.1 Characteristic compressive strength of masonry.35 3.6.2 Characteristic shear strength of masonry.38 3.6.3 Characteristic flexural strength of masonry.40 3.6.4 Characteristic anchorage strength of reinforcement.42 3.7 Deformation properties of masonry.43 3.7.1 Stress-strain relationship.43 3.7.2 Modulus of elasticity.44 3.7.3 Shear modulus.44 3.7.4 Creep, moisture expansion or shrinkage and thermal expansion.45 3.8 Ancillary components.45 3.8.1 Damp proof courses.45 3.8.2 Wall ties.45 3.8.3 Straps, hangers and brackets.46 3.8.4 Prefabricated lintels.46 3.8.5 Prestressing devices.46 4 Durability.46 4.1 General.46 4.2 Classification of environmental conditions.46 4.3 Durability of masonry.46 4.3.1 Masonry units.46 4.3.2 Mortar.46 4.3.3 Reinforcing steel.46 4.3.4 Prestressing steel.48 4.3.5 Prestressing devices.49 4.3.6 Ancillary components and support angles.49 4.4 Masonry below ground.49
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 4 5 Structural analysis.49 5.1 General.49 5.2 Structural behaviour in accidental situations (other than earthquakes and fire).50 5.3 Imperfections.50 5.4 Second order effects.51 5.5 Analysis of structural members.51 5.5.1 Masonry walls subjected to vertical loading.51 5.5.2 Reinforced masonry members subjected to vertical loading.57 5.5.3 Masonry shear walls subjected to shear loading.60 5.5.4 Reinforced masonry members subjected to shear loading.62 5.5.5 Masonry walls subjected to lateral loading.62 6 Ultimate Limit State.64 6.1 Unreinforced masonry walls subjected to mainly vertical loading.64 6.1.1 General.64 6.1.2 Verification of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to mainly vertical loading.64 6.1.3 Walls subjected to concentrated loads.67 6.2 Unreinforced masonry walls subjected to shear loading.70 6.3 Unreinforced masonry walls subjected to lateral loading.70 6.3.1 General.70 6.3.2 Walls arching between supports.72 6.3.3 Walls subjected to wind loading.73 6.3.4 Walls subjected to lateral loading from earth and water.73 6.3.5 Walls subjected to lateral loading from accidental situations.73 6.4 Unreinforced masonry walls subjected to combined vertical and lateral loading.74 6.4.1 General.74 6.4.2 Method using Φ factor.74 6.4.3 Method using apparent flexural strength.74 6.4.4 Method using equivalent bending coefficients.74 6.5 Ties.74 6.6 Reinforced masonry members subjected to bending, bending and axial loading, or axial loading.75 6.6.1 General.75 6.6.2 Verification of reinforced masonry members subjected to bending and/or axial loading.76 6.6.3 Flanged Reinforced Members.78 6.6.4 Deep beams.80 6.6.5 Composite lintels.82 6.7 Reinforced masonry members subjected to shear loading.82 6.7.1 General.82 6.7.2 Verification of reinforced masonry walls subjected to horizontal loads in the plane of the wall.83 6.7.3 Verification of reinforced masonry beams subjected to shear loading.84 6.7.4 Verification of deep beams subjected to shear loading.85 6.8 Prestressed masonry.85 6.8.1 General.85 6.8.2 Verification of Members.86 6.9 Confined masonry.87 6.9.1 General.87 6.9.2 Verification of members.87
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 5 7 Serviceability Limit State.87 7.1 General.87 7.2 Unreinforced masonry walls.88 7.3 Reinforced masonry members.88 7.4 Prestressed masonry members.88 7.5 Confined masonry members.89 7.6 Walls subjected to concentrated loads.89 8 Detailing.89 8.1 Masonry details.89 8.1.1 Masonry materials.89 8.1.2 Minimum thickness of wall.89 8.1.3 Minimum area of wall.90 8.1.4 Bonding of masonry.90 8.1.5 Mortar joints.91 8.1.6 Bearings under concentrated loads.91 8.2 Reinforcement details.91 8.2.1 General.91 8.2.2 Cover to reinforcing steel.92 8.2.3 Minimum area of reinforcement.92 8.2.4 Size of reinforcing steel.93 8.2.5 Anchorage and laps.93 8.2.6 Restraint of compression reinforcing steel.97 8.2.7 Spacing of reinforcing steel.97 8.3 Prestressing details.98 8.4 Confined masonry details.98 8.5 Connection of walls.98 8.5.1 Connection of walls to floors and roofs.98 8.5.2 Connection between walls.99 8.6 Chases and recesses on walls.100 8.6.1 General.100 8.6.2 Vertical chases and recesses.101 8.6.3 Horizontal and inclined chases.101 8.7 Damp proof courses.102 8.8 Thermal and long term movement.102 9 Execution.102 9.1 General.102 9.2 Design of structural members.103 9.3 Loading of masonry.103 Annex A (informative)
Consideration of partial factors relating to Execution.104 Annex B (informative)
Method for calculating the eccentricity of a stability core.105 Annex C (informative)
A simplified method for calculating the out-of-plane eccentricity of loading on walls.107 Annex D (informative)
Determination of ρ3 and ρ4.111 Annex E (informative)
Bending moment coefficients, α1, in single leaf laterally loaded wall panels of thickness less than or equal to 250 mm.112
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 6 Annex F (informative)
Limiting height and length to thickness ratios for walls under the serviceability limit state.117 Annex G (informative)
Reduction factor for slenderness and eccentricity.119 Annex H (informative)
Enhancement factor as given in 6.1.3.121 Annex I (informative)
Adjustment of lateral load for walls supported on three or four edges subjected to out-of-plane horizontal loading and vertical loading.122 Annex J (informative)
Reinforced masonry members subjected to shear loading:
enhancement of fvd.123
EN 1996-1-1:2005 (E) 7 Foreword This document EN 1996-1-1 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This document supersedes ENV 1996-1-1:1995 and ENV 1996-1-3:1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Background to the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on Article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980’s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1) between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e. g. the Council Dire
...
S L O V E N S K I SIST EN 1996-1-1
S T A N D A R D
maj 2006
Evrokod 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij – 1. del: Splošna pravila za
armirano in nearmirano zidovje
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced
and unreinforced masonry structures
Eurocode 6: Calcul des ouvrages en maçonnerie – Partie 1-1: Règles communes
pour ouvrages en maçonnerie armée et non armée
Eurocode 6: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Mauerwerksbauten – Teil 1-1:
Allgemeine Regeln für bewehrtes und unbewehrtes Mauerwerk
Refer
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.30 SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in III in od 2 do 103
© 2007-11. ! "# $"%& ’#(*)+ #,!#-# %(.’&%. %"%!#/"#%(eno.
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SIST EN 1996-1-1 : 2006
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 1996-1-1 (sl), Evrokod 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij – 1-1. del: Splošna
pravila za armirano in nearmirano zidovje, 2006, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten
evropskemu standardu EN 1996-1-1 (en), Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 1-1:
General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures, 2005.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 1996-1-1:2005 MH SULSUDYLO WHKQLþQL RGERU (YURSVNHJD NRPLWHMD ]D
standardizacijo CEN/TC 250 Konstrukcijski evrokodi, katerega tajništvo je v pristojnosti BSI.
Slovenski standard SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 1996-1-1:2005. V
primeru spora gledH EHVHGLOD VORYHQVNHJD SUHYRGD Y WHP VWDQGDUGX MH RGORþLOHQ L]YLUQL HYURSVNL
VWDQGDUGYDQJOHãNHPMH]LNX6ORYHQVNRL]GDMRVWDQGDUGDMHSULSUDYLOWHKQLþQLRGERU6,677&.21
Konstrukcije.
ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI
V standardu SIST EN 1996-1-1 pomeni sklicevanje na evropske in mednarodne standarde, ki je
YNOMXþHQRYWDHYURSVNLVWDQGDUGVNOLFHYDQMHQDHQDNRYUHGQHVORYHQVNHVWDQGDUGHQSU
EN 1996-1-1 pomeni SIST EN 1996-1-1.
V skladu s standardom EN 1996-1-1:2005 bo pripravljen nacionalni dodatek k standardu
SIST EN 1996-1-1:20061DFLRQDOQLGRGDWHNYVHEXMHDOWHUQDWLYQHSRVWRSNHYUHGQRVWLLQSULSRURþLOD]D
UD]UHGH]RSRPEDPLNLNDåHMRNMHVHODKNRXYHOMDYLQDFLRQDOQDL]ELUD=DWRER nacionalni dodatek
SIST EN 1996-1-1/A101 vsebovaO QDFLRQDOQR GRORþHQH SDUDPHWUH NL MLK MH WUHED XSRUDELWL SUL
SURMHNWLUDQMXVWDYELQJUDGEHQLKLQåHQLUVNLKREMHNWRYNLERGR]JUDMHQLY5HSXEOLNL6ORYHQLML
Nacionalna izbira je v SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006 dovoljena v:
2.4.3(1)P
2.4.4(1)
3.2.2(1)
3.6.1.2(1)
3.6.2(3), (4) in (6)
3.6.3(3)
3.7.2(2)
3.7.4(2)
4.3.3(3) in (4)
5.5.1.3(3)
6.1.2.2(2)
8.1.2 (2)
8.5.2.2(2)
8.5.2.3(2)
8.6.2 (1)
8.6.3 (1)
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
SIST ENV 1996-1-1:2004 Eurocode 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij – 1-1. del: Splošna pravila za
stavbe – Pravila za armirano in nearmirano zidovje
II
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SIST EN 1996-1-6 : 2006
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v
SIST EN 1996-1-1:2006 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN 1996-1-1:2005 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CEN
Rue de Stassart 36
1050 Bruselj
Belgija
– This national document is identical with EN 1996-1-1:2005 and is published with the permission of
CEN
Rue de Stassart, 36
1050 Bruxelles
Belgium
III
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SIST EN 1996-1-1 : 2006
(Prazna stran)
IV
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EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 1996-1-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM november 2005
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.30 1DGRPHãþD(191996-1-1:1995; ENV 1996-1-3:1998
Slovenska izdaja
Evrokod 6: Projektiranje zidanih konstrukcij – 1. del: Splošna pravila za
armirano in nearmirano zidovje
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry Eurocode 6: Calcul des Eurocode 6: Bemessung und
structures – Part 1-1: General ouvrages en maçonnerie – Konstruktion von
rules for reinforced and Partie 1-1: Règles communes Mauerwerksbauten – Teil 1-1:
unreinforced masonry pour ouvrages en maçonnerie Allgemeine Regeln für
structures armée et non armée bewehrtes und unbewehrtes
Mauerwerk
Ta evropski standard je CEN sprejel 23. junija 2005.
ýODQLFH&(1PRUDMRL]SROQMHYDWLQRWUDQMHSUHGSLVHCEN/CENELEC, s katerimi je predpisano, da mora
biti ta standard brez kakršnihkoli sprememb sprejet kot nacionalni standard. Najnovejši seznami teh
nacionalnih standardov z njihovimi bibliografskimi podatki se na zahtevo lahko dobijo pri Centralnem
VHNUHWDULDWXDOLNDWHULNROLþODQLFL&(1
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh izvirnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
MH]LNLKNLMLKþODQLFH&(1QDODVWQR odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Centralnem
sekretariatu CEN, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
ýODQLFH&(1VRQDFLRQDOQLRUJDQL]DVWDQGDUGH$YVWULMH%HOJLMHýHãNHUHSXEOLNH'DQVNH)LQVNH
)UDQFLMH *UþLMH ,UVNH ,VODQGLMH ,WDOLMH /XNVHPEXUJD 0DOWH 1HPþLMH 1L]R]HPVNH 1RUYHãNH
3RUWXJDOVNHâSDQLMHâYHGVNHâYLFHLQ=GUXåHQHJDNUDOMHVWYD
CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Centralni sekretariat: Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Bruselj
© 2005 0123&45678#9:;!5<&7=>6?9@!A>5<%9:6&=B<#6;.C>D&5<;!EF58#9:;!0123 Ref. oznaka EN 1996-1-1:2005 : E
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SIST EN 1996-1-1 : 2006
VSEBINA Stran
Ozadje programa evrokodov . 7
Status in SRGURþMHXSRUDEHHYURNRGRY . 8
Nationalni standardi, ki uvajajo evrokode . 8
ZvezaPHGHYURNRGLLQKDUPRQL]LUDQLPLWHKQLþQLPLVSHFLILNDFLMDPL (1LQ(7$ ]DSURL]YRGH. 9
Nacionalni dodatek k EN 1996-1-1. 9
1 Splošno . 10
3RGURþMHXSRUDEH. 10
3RGURþMHXporabe evrokoda 6. 10
3RGURþMHXSRUDEHHYURNRGD-1. dela . 10
1.1.3 Nadaljnji deli evrokoda 6. 11
1.2 Zveza z drugimi standardi. 11
1.2.1 Splošno. 11
5HIHUHQþQLVWDQGDUGL. 11
1.3 Predpostavke. 12
5D]OLNHPHGQDþHOLLQSUDYLOL]DXSRUDER . 12
1.5 Izrazi in definicije. 12
1.5.1 Splošno. 12
1.5.2 Izrazi, povezani z zidovjem. 13
1.5.3 Izrazi, povezani s trdnostjo zidovja. 13
1.5.4 Izrazi, povezani z zidaki. 13
1.5.5 Izrazi, povezani z malto . 14
1.5.6 Izrazi, povezani s polnilnim betonom. 14
1.5.7 Izrazi, povezani z armaturo. 14
1.5.8 Izrazi, povezani z dodatnimi komponentami. 15
1.5.9 Izrazi, povezani z regami (spojnicami) . 15
1.5.10 Izrazi, povezani s tipi zidov. 15
1.5.11 Razni izrazi . 16
1.6 Simboli . 16
2 Osnove za projektiranje . 21
2.1 Osnovne zahteve. 21
2.1.1 Splošno. 21
2.1.2 Zanesljivost. 21
3URMHNWQDåLYOMHQMVNDGREDLQWUDMQRVW . 21
1DþHODSURMHNWLUDQMDSRPHMQLKVWDQMLK. 21
2.3 Osnovne spremenljivke . 22
2.3.1 Vplivi . 22
2.3.2 Projektne vrednosti vplivov . 22
2.3.3 Lastnosti materialov in proizvodov. 22
2.4 Preverjanje po metodi delnih faktorjev . 22
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2.4.1 Projektne vrednosti lastnosti materialov . 22
2.4.2 Kombinacija vplivov . 22
.RQþQDPHMQDVWDQMD . 22
2.4.4 Mejna stanja uporabnosti. 23
3URMHNWLUDQMHVSRPRþMRSUHVNXãDnja. 23
3 Materiali . 23
3.1 Zidaki . 23
3.1.1 Tipi in skupine zidakov. 23
3.1.2 Lastnosti zidakov –WODþQDWUGQRVW. 25
3.2 Malta . 25
3.2.1 Tipi malte za zidanje . 25
'RORþLOD]DPDOWR]D]LGDQMH . 25
3.2.3 Lastnosti malte. 25
3.3 Polnilni beton . 26
3.3.1 Splošno. 26
'RORþLOD]DSROQLOQLEHWRQ . 26
3.3.3 Lastnosti polnilnega betona. 26
3.4 Armaturno jeklo. 27
3.4.1 Splošno. 27
3.4.2 Lastnosti armaturnih palic. 27
3.4.3 LastnostiPRQWDåQHDUPDWXUH]DQDOHåQHUHJH . 27
3.5 Jeklo za prednapetje. 27
3.6 Mehanske lastnosti zidovja. 27
.DUDNWHULVWLþQDWODþQDWUGQRVW]LGRYMD . 27
.DUDNWHULVWLþQDVWULåQDWUGQRVW]LGRYMD . 30
.DUDNWHULVWLþQDXSRJLEQDWUGQRVW]LGRYMD. 32
.DUDNWHULVWLþQDWUGQRVWVLGUDQMDDUPDWXUH. 44
3.7 Deformacijske lastnosti zidovja. 35
3.7.1 Odvisnost med napetostmi in deformacijami. 35
0RGXOHODVWLþQRVWL . 35
6WULåQLPRGXO . 36
7HþHQMHUD]WH]HN]DUDGLYODJHDOLNUþHQMHLQUD]WH]HN]DUDGLWHPSHUDWXUH. 36
3.8 Dodatne komponente . 37
3.8.1 Vlagozaporne plasti . 37
3.8.2 Zidna stremena. 37
3.8.3 Trakovi, obešala in konzole . 37
3.8.4 Predizdelane preklade . 37
3ULSRPRþNL]DSUHGQDSHQMDQMH . 37
4 Trajnost . 37
4.1 Splošno . 37
4.2 Klasifikacija okoljskih pogojev. 37
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4.3 Trajnost zidovja. 37
4.3.1 Zidaki . 37
4.3.2 Malta . 37
4.3.3 Jeklo za armiranje. 37
4.3.4 Jeklo za prednapetje. 39
3ULSRPRþNL]DSUHGQDSHQMDQMH . 39
4.3.6 Dodatne komponente in podporni kotniki . 39
4.4 Zidovje pod nivojem terena. 39
5 Analiza konstrukcij . 40
5.1 Splošno . 40
2EQDãDQMHNRQVWUXNFLMHYQH]JRGQLKSRJRMLK GUXJLKNRWSRWUHVLQSRåDU . 40
5.3 Nepravilnosti . 41
5.4 Vplivi drugega reda. 41
5.5 Analiza elementov konstrukcij . 42
=LGRYLSULQDYSLþQLREWHåEL . 42
(OHPHQWLL]DUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULQDYSLþQLREWHåEL. 46
=LGDQHVWULåQHVWHQHSULVWULåQLREWHåEL . 49
(OHPHQWLL]DUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULVWULåQLREWHåEL. 50
=LGRYLSULYRGRUDYQLREWHåELSUDYRNRWQRQDUDYQLQR . 51
.RQþQRPHMno stanje . 52
=LGRYLL]QHDUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULSUHYODGXMRþLQDYSLþQLREWHåEL. 52
6.1.1 Splošno. 52
3UHYHUMDQMH]LGRYL]QHDUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULSUHYODGXMRþLQDYSLþQLREWHåEL. 52
=LGRYLSULNRQFHQWULUDQLREWHåEL . 55
6.2 Zidovi iz nearmiraQHJD]LGRYMDSULVWULåQLREWHåEL . 56
=LGRYLL]QHDUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULYRGRUDYQLREWHåELSUDYRNRWQRQDUDYQLQR. 57
6.3.1 Splošno. 57
6.3.2 Zidovi ]ORþQLPGHORYDQMHPmed podporami . 58
=LGRYLSULREWHåELYHWUD. 59
6.3.4 Zidovi, izpostavljeni vodoUDYQLREWHåEL]HPHOMVNHJDLQYRGQHJDSULWLVND. 59
=LGRYLL]SRVWDYOMHQLYRGRUDYQLREWHåELYQH]JRGQLKSRJRMLK . 59
1HDUPLUDQL]LGRYLSULNRPELQLUDQLQDYSLþQLLQYRGRUDYQLREWHåEL . 59
6.4.1 Splošno. 59
6.4.2 Metoda z upoštevanjem faktorja F . 60
6.4.3 Metoda z upoštevanjem navidezne upogibne trdnosti . 60
6.4.4 Metoda s koeficienti ekvivalentnega upogibnega momenta. 60
6.5 Zidna stremena. 60
(OHPHQWLL]DUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULXSRJLEXXSRJLEXLQRVQLREWHåELDOLRVQLREWHåEL. 61
6.6.1 Splošno. 61
3UHYHUMDQMHHOHPHQWRYL]DUPLUDQHJD]LGRYMDSULXSRJLEXLQDOLRVQLREWHåEL . 61
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6.6.3 Armirani elementi s prirobnico . 63
6.6.4 Visoki nosilci . 65
6.6.5 Sodelovanje predizdelanih preklad. 66
6.7 Elementi iz armiranega ziGRYMDSULVWULåQLREWHåEL. 66
6.7.1 Splošno. 66
3UHYHUMDQMHDUPLUDQLK]LGRYQDYRGRUDYQRREWHåERYQMLKRYLUDYQLQL. 67
3UHYHUMDQMHDUPLUDQLK]LGDQLKQRVLOFHYQDVWULåQRREWHåER . 68
6.7.4 Preverjanje visokih nosilcev priVWULåQiREWHåEi . 69
6.8 Prednapeto zidovje . 69
6.8.1 Splošno. 69
6.8.2 Preverjanje elementov . 69
6.9 Povezano zidovje. 70
6.9.1 Splošno. 70
6.9.2 Preverjanje elementov . 70
7 Mejno stanje uporabnosti. 70
7.1 Splošno . 70
7.2 Nearmirani zidovi . 71
7.3 Elementi iz armiranega zidovja. 71
7.4 Elementi iz prednapetega zidovja. 71
7.5 Elementi iz povezanega zidovja . 72
7.6 Zidovi pri koncentrirani obWHåEL. 72
8 Detajli . 72
8.1 Detajli zidovja. 72
8.1.1 Zidni materiali. 72
8.1.2 Najmanjša debelina zidu. 72
8.1.3 Najmanjša površina zidu. 72
8.1.4 Zidarske zveze. 72
8.1.5 Rege z malto. 73
/HåLãþDSRGNRQFHQWULUDQRREWHåER. 74
8.2 Detajli armiranja. 74
8.2.1 Splošno. 74
8.2.2 Prekrivanje armature . 74
8.2.3 Najmanjša površina prereza armature . 75
8.2.4 Dimenzije jekla za armiranje. 75
8.2.5 Sidranje in preklapljanje. 75
3ULGUåHYDQMHWODþHQHDUPDWXUH. 78
8.2.7 Razmik armaturnega jekla. 78
8.3 Detajli za prednapenjanje . 79
8.4 Detajli za povezano zidovje . 79
8.5 Stiki med zidovi. 79
8.5.1 Stiki med zidovi in stropi ter strehami . 79
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8.5.2 Stiki med zidovi. 80
8.6 Utori in oslabitve v zidovih . 81
8.6.1 Splošno. 81
1DYSLþQLXWRULLQRVODELWYH .
...
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