SIST EN 16440-2:2023

Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling devices

This document is applicable to eutectic cooling devices which are intended to be used with insulated transport equipment.
The following applications are covered:
-   Eutectic cooling devices with or without compressor/condenser unit intended to be installed into insulated means of transport (e.g. lorries, trailers, swap bodies, other transport equipment and wagons). Charging of the eutectic elements from the liquid to the solid phase can be performed either by a compressor/condenser unit mounted onto the vehicle or by a stationary direct or indirect system. The eutectic cooling devices are equipped, if relevant, with necessary components for the charging, transmission, cooling and/or with temperature control devices. The eutectic elements can be fitted with or without fans;
-   Eutectic cooling devices with independent eutectic elements are not covered by this document.
This document specifies the testing methodologies.
This document is only applicable for mono-temperature eutectic cooling devices. This document does not provide any safety requirements.

Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische Kühleinrichtungen

Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für eutektische Kühleinrichtungen, die zur Verwendung in wärmegedämmten Transportmitteln vorgesehen sind.
Die folgenden Anwendungen sind abgedeckt:
   Eutektische Kühleinrichtungen mit oder ohne Verdichter-Verflüssigerteil, die für die Installation in wärmegedämmten Transportmitteln vorgesehen sind (z. B. Lastkraftwagen, Anhänger, Wechselauf¬bauten, andere Transporteinrichtungen und Wagen). Das Laden der eutektischen Elemente von flüssiger zu fester Phase kann entweder durch ein auf dem Fahrzeug angebrachtes Verdichter-Verflüssigerteil oder durch ein stationäres direktes oder indirektes System durchgeführt werden. Die eutektischen Kühleinrichtungen sind, sofern zutreffend, mit den notwendigen Komponenten für das Laden, die Transmission, das Kühlen und/oder mit Temperaturregeleinrichtungen ausgestattet. Die eutektischen Elemente können mit oder ohne Ventilatoren installiert werden;
   Eutektische Kühleinrichtungen mit unabhängigen eutektischen Elementen sind nicht Gegenstand dieses Dokuments.
In diesem Dokument werden die Prüfverfahren festgelegt.
Dieses Dokument ist nur für eutektische Kühleinrichtungen mit einer Monotemperatur anwendbar. Dieses Dokument enthält keine Sicherheitsanforderungen.

Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des moyens de transport isothermes - Partie 2 : Dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques

Le présent document est applicable aux dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques qui sont destinés à être utilisés avec un équipement de transport isothermes.
Les applications suivantes sont couvertes :
-   les dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques avec ou sans groupe compresseur/condenseur destinés à être installés dans des moyens de transport isothermes (par exemple, camions, remorques, carrosseries mobiles, autres équipements de transport et wagons). La charge des éléments eutectiques de la phase liquide à la phase solide peut être effectuée soit par un groupe compresseur/condenseur monté sur le véhicule, soit par un système fixe direct ou indirect. Les dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques sont équipés, le cas échéant, des composants nécessaires pour la charge, la transmission, la réfrigération et/ou de dispositifs de commande de la température. Les éléments eutectiques peuvent être équipés ou non de ventilateurs ;
-   les dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques avec des éléments eutectiques indépendants ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai.
Le présent document ne s'applique qu'aux dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques mono-température. Le présent document ne fournit aucune exigence de sécurité.

Metode za preskušanje hladilnih naprav za toplotno izolirana transportna sredstva - 2. del: Evtektične hladilne naprave

Ta evropski standard se uporablja za evtektične hladilne naprave, ki so namenjene uporabi z izolirano transportno opremo.
Obravnavani so naslednji načini uporabe:
•   Evtektične hladilne naprave s kompresorsko/kondenzatorsko enoto ali brez nje, ki so namenjene za vgradnjo v toplotno izolirana transportna sredstva (npr. tovornjake, prikolice, zamenljive nadgradnje, druge transportne zabojnike in vagone). Polnjenje evtektičnih elementov iz tekoče v trdno fazo se lahko opravi
s kompresorsko/kondenzatorsko enoto, vgrajeno v vozilo, ali pa se hladi s stacionarnim neposrednim ali posrednim sistemom. Evtektične hladilne naprave so po potrebi opremljene s potrebnimi komponentami za polnjenje, prenašanje, hlajenje in/ali z napravami za uravnavanje temperature. Evtektični elementi so lahko opremljeni z ventilatorji ali brez njih.
•   Evtektične hladilne naprave z neodvisnimi evtektičnimi elementi, ki jih je treba polniti z zunanjimi
sredstvi.
Ta standard določa preskusne metodologije.
Ta standard se uporablja le za enotemperaturne evtektične hladilne naprave. Ta standard ne podaja nobenih varnostnih zahtev.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Jul-2020
• Publication Date: 27-Jun-2023
• ICS: 27.200 - Refrigerating technology
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 27-Jun-2023
• Due Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 28-Jun-2023
• Ref Project: EN 16440-2:2023 - Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling devices

Overview

EN 16440-2:2023 (CEN) specifies testing methodologies for eutectic cooling devices intended for use with insulated means of transport. The standard covers eutectic cooling devices installed in lorries, trailers, swap bodies, wagons and similar insulated transport equipment. It applies to mono‑temperature eutectic cooling devices and to systems charged either by a vehicle‑mounted compressor/condenser or by stationary direct/indirect charging systems. Independent eutectic elements are excluded. EN 16440-2:2023 defines test setups, measurements and reporting requirements but does not include safety requirements.

Key Topics

• Scope and definitions: clear terminology for eutectic unit, eutectic element, dependent eutectic cooling device, calorimeter box, load space and rated conditions.
• Test environment and equipment:
  • Requirements for a calorimeter box (often the insulated transport compartment) and a conditioned test room.
  • Instrumentation and measurement points for inlet/outlet air and internal temperatures.
• Performance tests and methodologies:
  • Mandatory tests: charging time, charging energy, maximum cooling time, and useful cooling energy under defined heat loads.
  • Optional tests: recharging time and cooling performance after recharge.
  • Measurements of total power/energy consumption and calculation of cooling energy efficiency ratio (EER).
• Measurement procedures: air flow, time and temperature measurement protocols, and methods to determine heat transmission and useful cooling capacity.
• Results, reporting and marking: required test report contents and information to be provided on the type plate and energy consumption disclosure.

Applications

EN 16440-2:2023 is practical for:

• Manufacturers designing or certifying eutectic cooling systems for refrigerated transport.
• Test laboratories performing standardized performance evaluations and energy audits.
• Fleet operators and logistics companies comparing mono‑temperature eutectic solutions for cargo temperature control.
• Regulatory and certification bodies requiring consistent, repeatable test results for product verification.

Keywords: eutectic cooling devices, testing methodologies, insulated means of transport, mono‑temperature, charging time, useful cooling energy, EER.

Related Standards

• EN ISO 5801 - Fans - Performance testing (air flow measurement).
• EN ISO/IEC 17025 - Competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
• ISO/IEC Guide 99 (VIM) - Metrology vocabulary and basic concepts.

EN 16440-2:2023 provides a standardized framework for objective evaluation of eutectic cooling performance in transport applications, enabling comparability, quality control and informed equipment selection.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2023
Metode za preskušanje hladilnih naprav za toplotno izolirana transportna sredstva
- 2. del: Evtektične hladilne naprave
Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2:
Eutectic cooling devices
Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische
Kühleinrichtungen
Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des moyens de transport isothermes -
Partie 2 : Dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16440-2:2023
ICS:
27.200 Hladilna tehnologija Refrigerating technology
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16440-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.200
English Version
Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for
insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling
devices
Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte
moyens de transport isothermes - Partie 2 : Dispositifs Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische
de réfrigération eutectiques Kühleinrichtungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16440-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Terms and definitions for eutectic units with fans only . 9
3.3 Typical setups for direct and indirect eutectic cooling devices . 9
3.4 Symbols and uncertainties . 11
4 Requirements . 12
4.1 General. 12
4.2 Description of the eutectic cooling devices and eutectic units . 12
4.3 Test equipment . 12
4.3.1 General requirements . 12
4.3.2 Requirements for the calorimeter box . 13
4.3.3 Requirements for the conditioned test room . 16
4.4 Installation and connection of the eutectic cooling device . 17
4.4.1 General. 17
4.4.2 Installation of eutectic cooling device with locally separated components (split
system) . 17
5 Test conditions and methodology. 17
5.1 General. 17
5.2 Test conditions . 17
5.2.1 Generality and rated conditions . 17
5.2.2 Temperature measurements . 18
5.3 Testing of dependent eutectic cooling device . 19
5.3.1 General. 19
5.3.2 Mandatory test 1: Testing of the charging time and the total energy consumption of
the eutectic cooling device . 21
5.3.3 Mandatory test 2: Testing of the maximum cooling time and the useful cooling energy
................................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.3.4 Optional test 3: Testing of the recharging time . 22
5.3.5 Optional test 4: Testing of cooling time and energy after recharging . 22
5.3.6 Measurements for performance testing . 22
5.4 Time measurement . 23
5.5 Functional tests - Defrosting device test . 23
5.6 Air flow measurement. 23
6 Test results . 23
6.1 General. 23
6.2 Useful cooling capacity . 24
6.3 Total power . 25
6.4 Determination of the cooling energy efficiency ratio EER . 25
C
7 Test report . 26
8 Marking . 27
8.1 Marking, type plate . 27
8.2 Information on total energy consumption . 27
Bibliography . 28

European foreword
This document (EN 16440-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 413 “Insulated
means of transport for temperature sensitive goods with or without cooling and/or heating device”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document is applicable to eutectic cooling devices which are intended to be used with insulated
transport equipment.
The following applications are covered:
— eutectic cooling devices with or without compressor/condenser unit intended to be installed into
insulated means of transport (e.g. lorries, trailers, swap bodies, other transport equipment and
wagons). Charging of the eutectic elements from the liquid to the solid phase can be performed either
by a compressor/condenser unit mounted onto the vehicle or by a stationary direct or indirect
system. The eutectic cooling devices are equipped, if relevant, with necessary components for the
charging, transmission, cooling and/or with temperature control devices. The eutectic elements can
be fitted with or without fans;
— eutectic cooling devices with independent eutectic elements are not covered by this document.
This document specifies the testing methodologies.
This document is only applicable for mono-temperature eutectic cooling devices. This document does not
provide any safety requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 5801, Fans — Performance testing using standardized airways (ISO 5801)
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025)
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated
terms (VIM)
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 99 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
calorimeter box
thermally insulated room in which the eutectic unit of the eutectic cooling device is placed
Note 1 to entry: With eutectic cooling devices, usually the insulated transport equipment is used as the calorimeter
box.
3.1.2
charging power
P
ch
power input needed to operate all necessary eutectic cooling components during charging
3.1.3
charging energy
E
ch
energy consumption for charging
3.1.4
charging time
t
ch
period of time required for the freezing of the eutectic mixture inside the eutectic elements which are
submitted to the charging conditions defined by the manufacturer
3.1.5
compressor/condenser unit
part of the eutectic cooling device including compressor, condenser, condenser fans, housing, drives and
the operating panel with the control devices
EXAMPLE A drive can be an electric motor, an internal combustion motor, a hydraulic engine and similar.
3.1.6
conditioned test room
room where the test conditions can be maintained at a constant level and in which the calorimeter box
with the eutectic unit is mounted
Note 1 to entry: Eutectic unit is mounted inside the calorimeter box and its compressor condensing unit is mounted
outside the calorimeter box, if applicable.
3.1.7
insulated means for transport
insulated vans, bodyworks for trucks and trailers, swap bodies, any kind of mobile containers and railway
wagons
3.1.8
cooling device
system which lowers and/or maintains temperature
3.1.9
cooling energy efficiency ratio
EER
C
ratio of the useful cooling energy E to the total energy consumption E of the eutectic cooling device
C T
under rated conditions
3.1.10
energy supply
devices not forming part of the eutectic cooling device but providing or generating the form of energy
required for its operation
Note 1 to entry: This includes electric generators, hydraulic pumps, electric accumulators and fuel cells, among
others.
3.1.11
dependent eutectic cooling device
direct or indirect system with eutectic unit serving as a cooling device, intended to be installed into an
insulated transport equipment with a compressor/condenser unit intended to be installed stationary or
mobile onto the vehicle to charge the eutectic unit
3.1.12
eutectic element
element containing eutectic mixtures intended for cold charging, optionally having evaporation tubes or
heat exchangers
EXAMPLE tubes, plates, etc.
3.1.13
eutectic mixture
liquid mixture of two or more components which at certain ratios inhibit the crystallisation process of
one another resulting in a system having a lower melting point than either component
3.1.14
eutectic unit
part of the eutectic cooling device consisting of one or more eutectic elements with or without forced air
circulation and, if applicable, including the required expansion or refrigerant control valve and
refrigerant distributor
3.1.15
heat load
P
HL
heating power delivered into the calorimeter box by electric heating elements during the determination
of the useful cooling capacity P
C
3.1.16
heat transmission
P
TR
heat flow through the insulated limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box
3.1.17
heat transmission energy
E
TR
thermal energy transmitted through the insulated limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box during the
determination of the maximum cooling time t
cmax
3.1.18
independent eutectic cooling unit
eutectic elements or eutectic units without any connection to a refrigerant circuit
Note 1 to entry: According to the scope independent cooling eutectic units are not covered by this document.
3.1.19
inlet air temperature at the compressor/condenser unit
T
IN CON
mean temperature of different measuring points located at air inlets of the compressor/condenser unit
3.1.20
inside temperature of the calorimeter box
T
i
arithmetic mean temperature measured at different locations inside the calorimeter box
3.1.21
load space
volume inside an insulated transport equipment or a compartment available for loading the goods
(excluding eutectic unit)
3.1.22
maximum cooling time
t
cmax
period of time in cooling operation, starting after the charging of the eutectic elements has finished and
stopping once the inside temperature T of the calorimeter box has reached the requested temperature
i
of the class
3.1.23
rated conditions
constant values laid down for comparison and certification purposes
3.1.24
temperature of the conditioned test room
T
e
mean temperature of different measurement points located outside the calorimeter box (in the
conditioned test room)
3.1.25
total energy consumption
E
T
energy consumption of all components necessary for the operation of the eutectic cooling device under
rated conditions, over the total charging time and the maximum cooling time
Note 1 to entry: Example of energy: fuel or electricity.
3.1.26
total power
P
T
arithmetic mean of the power input of all eutectic cooling device components necessary for the operation
during charging and/or cooling under rated conditions, including all means for operation
3.1.27
total thermal transmittance
U
heat flow passing through the insulating limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box per degree temperature
difference
3.1.28
useful cooling capacity
P
C
capacity of the eutectic unit available with a defined heat load inside the calorimeter box determined
under rated conditions
3.1.29
useful cooling energy
E
C
cooling energy stored in the eutectic elements and available over the maximum cooling time at a certain
heat load in the calorimeter box under rated conditions
3.2 Terms and definitions for eutectic units with fans only
3.2.1
air volume flow
V
A
volume flow delivered by the fan(s) in the eutectic unit
3.2.2
inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit
T
IN EU
mean temperature of different measuring points located at air inlets of the eutectic unit
3.2.3
operating time
t
OP
period of total run time of the eutectic unit fans during the test while cooling
3.2.4
outlet air temperature at the eutectic unit
T
OUT EU
mean temperature of different measuring points located on the air outlet of the eutectic unit
3.3 Typical setups for direct and indirect eutectic cooling devices
Figure 1 includes diagrams for direct and indirect eutectic cooling. The direct system cools the eutectic
element by direct expansion. The indirect system cools a secondary fluid by heat exchanger as a transfer
medium to cool the eutectic element by pump circulation.
a) Typical setups for direct eutectic cooling devices

b) Typical setups for indirect eutectic cooling devices
Key
1 condenser
2 refrigerant receiver
3 compressor
4 optional fans/optional control devices
5 eutectic elements (cross section with inside heat exchanger)
6 expansion valve
7 secondary fluid
8 pump
9 heat exchanger
Figure 1 — Typical setups for direct and indirect eutectic cooling devices
3.4 Symbols and uncertainties
For the purposes of this document the symbols and uncertainties given in Table 1 apply. The
uncertainties given in Table 1 can be mean values calculated from individual measurements.
Table 1 — Symbols and uncertainties
Symbol Quantity Unit Uncertainties
V air volume flow 3 ±5 %
A m /h
EER cooling energy efficiency ratio Wh/Wh ±7 %
C
E energy consumption of the fans Wh ±3 %
fan,C
E useful cooling energy Wh ±3 %
C
E total energy consumption Wh ±5 %
T
E energy transmission Wh ±3 %
TR
t maximum cooling time s ±1 %
cmax
P useful cooling capacity W ±5 %
C
P heat load W ±1 %
HL
P power to the fans of the eutectic unit while W ±3 %
fan
cooling
P total power W ±5 %
T
P heat transmission W ±3 %
TR
t charging time s ±1 %
CH
T temperature of the conditioned test room °C ±0,5 K
e
T inside temperature of the calorimeter box °C ±0,5 K
i
T inlet air temperature at the condenser unit °C ±0,5 K
IN CON
T inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit °C ±0,5 K
IN EU
T outlet air temperature at the eutectic unit °C ±0,5 K
OUT EU
t operating time of the fans while cooling s ±1 %
OP
U total thermal transmittance W/K ±3 %
NOTE 1 The uncertainties are either the maximal measurement uncertainties for the measured quantity or the
uncertainties in the determination of quantities when those are calculated.
NOTE 2 1 Wh = 3,6 kJ.
4 Requirements
4.1 General
For eutectic cooling devices, eutectic units and eutectic elements the following requirements apply.
4.2 Description of the eutectic cooling devices and eutectic units
The overall height, length and width of cooling device or unit as well as the installation or mounting
dimensions shall be specified by the manufacturer. Energy supply lines are not considered. Moreover, all
dimensions of the components that are required for assessing the cooling equipment shall be determined.
The charging conditions shall be specified by the manufacturer.
4.3 Test equipment
4.3.1 General requirements
The testing equipment shall be so equipped that all requirements of this standard for setting of reference
values, stability criteria and accuracy shall be fulfilled.
In Table 2, uncertainties for individual measurements are given. All measuring systems used for testing
shall be calibrated at regular intervals. The measuring uncertainty shall not exceed the values specified
in Table 2.
Each measured quantity shall be recorded at intervals of 120 s maximum using the arithmetic mean of
measured values of each sensor with a time interval of 10 s or lower.
Air temperature sensors shall be protected against radiation when necessary.
Table 2 — Measuring uncertainty
Measured quantity Unit Measuring uncertainty
Air temperatures °C ±0,3 K
Air volume flow 3 ±5 %
m /h
Refrigerant
— pressure Pa ±0,5 %
— temperature °C ±0,5 K
Electric quantities
— voltage V ±0,5 %
— current A ±0,5 %
— electrical power kW ±1 %
— electrical energy consumption Wh ±1 %
Time
— time measurement s ±1 %
Dimensions m ±0,5 %
Contents
revolution speed (fan, compressor) –1 ±0,5 %
min
heat load W ±1 %
total power W ±1 %
heat transmission energy kJ ±3 %
total energy consumption kJ ±5 %
–1
NOTE min = 1/60 s.
The useful cooling capacity P under steady-state conditions shall be so determined that the maximum
c
measuring uncertainty does not exceed 5 %.
Testing laboratories should follow the principles of EN ISO/IEC 17025.
4.3.2 Requirements for the calorimeter box
For the test of the eutectic cooling devices the heat transmission P of the calorimeter box shall be kept
TR
to a minimum and not exceed 35 % of the measured useful cooling capacity P .
C
The electric heating elements of the heat load in the calorimeter box shall be controllable and shall not
be of the forced air circulation type. It shall not exceed the specific heat load of 1 W/cm in steady-state
conditions. The heating elements should be distributed uniformly across the horizontal section of the
calorimeter box, positioned at 1/3 of the height of the load space. The distance from the heating elements
to the temperature sensors and the eutectic unit, shall be at least 300 mm where applicable. If the box is
too small for 300 mm spacing, then the heating elements should be moved to the centre between the
upper and lower measuring points.
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