SIST EN 1853:2018
(Main)Agricultural machinery - Trailers with tipping body - Safety
Agricultural machinery - Trailers with tipping body - Safety
This standard specifies specific safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of agricultural trailers with a tipping body, balanced and semi mounted, where the term agricultural trailer refers to a vehicle used in agriculture only for transportation and which, through its design, is adapted and intended for towing by a tractor or a self-propelled agricultural machine. This standard is not applicable to trailers with a de-mountable body. NOTE Braking requirements are not included in this standard. These will be studied during its revision depending on the development of European regulations. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer.
Landmaschinen - Anhänger mit Kippaufbauten - Sicherheit
Diese Europäische Norm legt sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und deren Überprüfung für die Gestaltung und Konstruktion von Gelenkdeichsel- und Starrdeichsel-Anhängern mit einem Kippaufbau fest, wie in 3.1 definiert, die in der Landwirtschaft verwendet werden. Sie enthält auch Hakenlift-Anhänger und Anhänger mit Fördereinrichtung, wie in 3.9 definiert.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt keine Anhänger, die mit Pick-up-Einrichtungen und/oder am Heck angebrachten Verteileinrichtungen ausgerüstet sind.
Anhänger mit Abschiebeeinrichtung, Leisten oder Schubboden dürfen, vorausgesetzt, dass ein neues Arbeitsthema für Ladewagen und Häckseltransportwagen (prEN ISO 4254-17) angenommen ist, aus dieser Norm ausgenommen werden.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält keine geforderten Performance Level für die ermittelten Sicherheitsfunktionen.
Diese Europäische Norm, gemeinsam mit EN ISO 4254-1 angewendet, behandelt signifikante Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die für landwirtschaftliche Anhänger relevant sind, wenn sie wie beabsichtigt und unter den Bedingungen der vom Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendung verwendet werden (siehe Tabelle A.1), mit Ausnahme der Gefährdungen in Bezug auf:
andere als in 3.9.1 und 3.9.2 definierte Fördereinrichtungen, zum Beispiel Abschiebeeinrichtung;
die Umwelt und Straßensicherheit;
das Bremsen.
Außerdem legt sie die Art der Informationen über sicheres Arbeiten fest, die vom Hersteller zur Verfügung zu stellen sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Anhänger, die vor dessen Veröffentlichungsdatum als Europäische Norm hergestellt worden sind.
Matériel agricole - Remorques à benne basculante - Sécurité
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences de sécurité et les moyens de vérification associés pour la conception et la construction des remorques à benne basculante, traînées et semi-portées, utilisées en agriculture, telles que définies au paragraphe 3.1. Elle inclut également les remorques multi-caissons, ainsi que les remorques à dispositif de fond mouvant tel que définies au paragraphe 3.9.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des remorques équipées de dispositifs de ramassage et/ou de dispositifs d’épandage arrière.
Les remorques équipées d'un fond poussant, d'un plancher à lattes ou d'un plancher mobile alternatif peuvent être retirées de la présente norme, sous réserve de l'acception du nouveau sujet de travail consacré aux remorques auto-chargeuses et aux remorques de transport de fourrage (prEN ISO 4254-17).
La présente Norme européenne ne donne pas de niveaux de performance requis pour les fonctions de sécurité identifiées.
La présente Norme européenne, appliquée conjointement avec l'EN ISO 4254-1, traite des phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs associés aux remorques agricoles, dans le cadre d'une utilisation normale ou d'un mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant (voir Tableau A.1), à l'exclusion des phénomènes dangereux engendrés par :
- des dispositifs de convoyage autres que ceux définis aux paragraphes 3.9.1 et 3.9.2, par exemple, les fonds poussants ;
- l'environnement et la sécurité routière ;
- le freinage.
En outre, elle spécifie le type d'informations que le fabricant doit donner sur les pratiques d'utilisation sûre.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux remorques fabriquées avant sa date de publication au titre de Norme européenne.
Kmetijski stroji - Prikolice s prekucnim kesonom - Varnost
Ta standard določa posebne varnostne zahteve in njihovo preverjanje v zvezi z zasnovo ter konstrukcijo kmetijskih prikolic s prekucnim kesonom (uravnoteženih in polpriklopnih), pri čemer izraz »kmetijska prikolica« označuje vozilo, ki se v kmetijstvu uporablja samo za prevoz in je po svoji zasnovi prilagojeno ter predvideno za vleko s traktorjem ali kmetijskim strojem z lastnim pogonom. Ta standard se ne uporablja za prikolice z odstranljivim kesonom. OPOMBA: Zahteve glede zaviranja niso zajete v tem standardu. Te bodo obravnavane v času njegovega pregleda, odvisno od postopkov priprave evropskih uredb. Poleg tega določa vrsto podatkov glede varnih delovnih postopkov, ki jih mora zagotoviti proizvajalec.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kmetijski stroji - Prikolice s prekucnim kesonom - VarnostLandmaschinen - Anhänger mit Kippaufbauten - SicherheitMatériel agricole - Remorques à benne basculante - SécuritéAgricultural machinery - Trailers with tipping body - Safety65.060.10Kmetijski traktorji in prikoliceAgricultural tractors and trailed vehiclesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1853:2017SIST EN 1853:2018en01-februar-2018SIST EN 1853:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1853:1999+A1:20101DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1853:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1853
October
t r s y ICS
x wä r x rä s r Supersedes EN
s z w uã s { { { ªA sã t r r {English Version
Agricultural machinery æ Trailers æ Safety Matériel agricole æ Remorques æ Sécurité
Landmaschinen æ Anhänger æ Sicherheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s t June
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s z w uã t r s y ESIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Stability . 11 4.2.1 Stability and immobilisation of the detached trailer . 11 4.2.2 Stability in the raised position when tipping . 12 4.2.3 Minimum load on the drawbar hitch . 12 4.2.4 Blocking device for axle suspension and bogie axle . 13 4.2.5 Stability during travelling . 13 4.3 Boarding means . 13 4.4 Tipping . 14 4.5 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical interconnections . 15 4.6 Safety of the control system . 15 4.6.1 General . 15 4.6.2 Performance levels . 15 4.7 Other requirements . 15 4.8 Load securing . 16 4.9 Jacking points . 16 4.10 Visibility. 16 4.11 Opening and closing of the rear discharge gate . 16 4.11.1 General . 16 4.11.2 Opening . 17 4.11.3 Closing . 17 4.12 Conveyor devices . 18 4.13 Additional requirements for high-tip trailers . 19 4.14 Additional requirements for hook-lift trailers . 19 4.14.1 Stability in the raised position when tipping . 19 4.14.2 Load on the drawbar hitch . 19 4.14.3 Locking device . 20 4.14.4 Markings . 20 4.14.5 Overload . 20 4.14.6 Safety of the control system . 20 5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 21 6 Information for use . 24 6.1 Instruction handbook . 24 6.1.1 General . 24 6.1.2 Additional information specific to hook-lift trailers . 26 6.2 Marking . 26 6.3 Warning signs . 27 Annex A (normative)
List of hazards . 29 SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 3 Annex B (normative)
Stability tests (rear tipping trailers) . 34 B.1 Scope . 34 B.2 Test equipment . 34 B.3 Test procedure . 34 B.4 Test acceptance . 35 Annex C (normative)
Verification of stability by calculation . 36 C.1 Scope . 36 C.2 Calculation method . 36 C.3 Basic assumptions for the calculation . 36 C.4 Input data . 36 C.5 Coordinate systems . 38 C.6 Stability criterion . 39 C.7 Calculation procedure . 39 C.8 Stability check . 40 Annex D (normative)
Calculation method of vertical force in the tractor coupling device during exchange . 43 Annex E (normative)
Scraper floor. 44 E.1 Guarding . 44 E.1.1 General . 44 E.1.2 Moving path of scraper floor . 44 E.1.3 Front turning points . 47 E.1.4 Rear turning points . 49 E.2 Adjustment of scraper floor . 50 Annex F (normative)
Visibility . 51 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 52 Bibliography . 53
SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 1853:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1853:1999+A1:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Significant technical changes between this document and the previous edition (EN 1853:1999+A1:2009) are: — addition of hook-lift trailers to the scope; — addition of requirements for hook-lift trailers; — addition of requirements for rear doors; — addition of requirements for high-tip trailers; — addition of requirements for conveyors; — addition of an Annex regarding “Verification of stability by calculation”; — update of Normative references. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety: — machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises); — health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.). Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the above-mentioned stakeholder groups: — machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises); — machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs); — service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises); — consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers). The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document. When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of trailers with a tipping body, balanced or semi-mounted, used in agriculture, as defined in 3.1. It includes also hook-lift trailers and trailers with conveyor device as defined in 3.9. This European Standard does not deal with trailers equipped with pick-up devices and/or rear spreading devices. Trailers with a load push/push-off device, slats or alternating moving floor may be removed from this standard, provided a new work item on loader wagons and forage transport wagons (prEN ISO 4254-17) is accepted. This European Standard does not give Required Performance Levels for the identified safety functions. This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to agricultural trailers, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Table A.1), excepting the hazards arising from: — hazards related to conveying devices other than those defined in 3.9.1 and 3.9.2, for example load push/push-off device; — hazards related to the environment and road safety; — hazards related to braking. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer. This document is not applicable to trailers which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN ISO 4254-1:2015, Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2013) EN ISO 5353:1995, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) ISO 5676:1983, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Hydraulic coupling — Braking circuit ISO 15817:2012, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control systems SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 7 ISO 16028:1999, Hydraulic fluid power — Flush-face type, quick-action couplings for use at pressures of 20 MPa (200 bar) to 31,5 MPa (315 bar) — Specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 trailer trailed agricultural vehicle fitted with wheels or endless tracks, intended mainly to carry loads and designed to be towed by an agricultural tractor or a self-propelled machine [SOURCE: ISO 12934:2013, 3.6 modified] 3.1.1 balanced load carrying trailer (drawbar) trailer with at least two axles, at least one of which is steerable and a drawbar towing device that allows vertical movement so that vertical forces cannot be transferred to the towing vehicle Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1. [Source: ISO 12934:2013, 3.6.1 modified]
Figure 1 — Examples of balanced trailer 3.1.2 semi-mounted trailer trailer from which part of vertical load is transferred to the towing vehicle Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Examples of semi-mounted trailer SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 8 3.1.3 high-tip trailer trailer equipped with a system to raise the tipping axis Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Key 1 tipping axis Figure 3 — Examples of high-tip trailer 3.1.4 hook-lift trailer trailer including a hook-lift system for picking up, transporting, tipping and exchanging of roll off loading platforms, e.g. containers, dump bodies, frames Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 9
a) Transporting mode
b) Tipping mode
c) Exchange mode Figure 4 — Example of hook-lift trailer 3.4 height in the highest tipping position vertical distance between ground plane and the highest part of the raised load body when in maximum tipping position Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 10
a) Semi-mounted trailer b) High-tip trailer Key H height in the highest tipping position Figure 5 — Height in the highest tipping position 3.5 sideboard fixed or movable wall that constitutes a load retaining side of the body and which may be hinged on the platform of the trailer 3.6 load body volume consisting of a platform with a front wall, two sideboards and a rear wall or discharge gate to contain the load for its transport and discharging [SOURCE: EN 690:2013, 3.2 modified] 3.7 tipping action that allows the load carried in the trailer to be discharged by tilting the body Note 1 to entry: The tipping can be lateral or to the rear. 3.9 conveyor device device able to convey/move/carry the material in the load body, that are of different types such as scraper floor, conveyor belt, load push/push-off device or alternating moving floor Note 1 to entry: A combination of these devices is possible. [SOURCE: EN 690:2013, 3.3 modified] 3.9.1 scraper floor conveyor device made by two or more dragging chains and by a number of slats [SOURCE: EN 690:2013, 3.3.1] SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 11 3.9.2 conveyor belt conveyor device made by belt [SOURCE: EN 690:2013, 3.3.2] 3.9.3 load push/push-off device conveyor device formed by a moveable wall for pushing the material in the load body towards the discharge opening [SOURCE: EN 690:2013, 3.3.3 modified] 3.9.4 alternating moving floor conveyor device made by alternating moving slats 3.10 blocking device for axle suspension and bogie axle system for eliminating free movement of axle suspension or bogie articulation 4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures 4.1 General Trailers shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the trailer shall comply with the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1:2015 and with EN ISO 13857:2008, Table 1, Table 3 and Table 4 as appropriate, unless a specific reference is made, for access to trapping and shearing points. 4.2 Stability 4.2.1 Stability and immobilisation of the detached trailer 4.2.1.1 Stability Trailers when detached shall comply with the stability requirements given in EN ISO 4254-1:2015, 6.2.1.1. Verification: this requirement shall be checked by calculation or by the following test: The trailer shall stand, loaded with its maximum permissible load, and with any steerable axles in the most unfavourable angle on a firm surface with a slope of 8,5°. The trailer shall be positioned on the slope in the most unfavourable orientation. The parking brake or chocks shall be engaged. During the test, all supports (i.e. wheels, supporting devices) shall remain on the test surface. 4.2.1.2 Ground pressure When the trailer is parked on a horizontal surface, containing a uniform load equal to the maximum permissible load declared by the manufacturer, any supporting devices other than wheels shall comply with EN ISO 4254-1:2015, 6.2.1.2. Verification: by calculation or measurement. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 12 4.2.1.3 Immobilisation 4.2.1.3.1 General The design shall ensure that the detached trailer does not move (e.g. by the provision of chocks or with the parking brake applied). Trailers with the sum of the technically permissible masses per axle of at least 750 kg shall be provided with a parking brake. The parking brake system with which the trailer is equipped shall be capable of holding the laden detached trailer stationary on a 18 % up and down gradient. Verification: this requirement shall be checked by standing the trailer, loaded with its maximum permissible load, and with any steerable axles in the most unfavourable angle on a firm surface with a slope of 18 %. This test shall be carried out with the trailer positioned on the slope in the up and down gradient. During the test, the trailer shall not move. 4.2.1.3.2 Chocks If chocks are required to prevent any movement of the detached trailer, a device shall be provided on the trailer for their storage when not in use. This device shall be designed to secure the chocks so they cannot detach from the trailer unintentionally or move freely when the trailer is in motion. The wheel chocks need to be safe to operate and be easily accessible from outside the contour of the machine. Hooks or chains shall not be used as a device for storage/fixation. The device should preferably be at the front or in close proximity to the wheels. Verification: by design check and visual inspection. 4.2.2 Stability in the raised position when tipping Trailers shall be so designed that they remain stable when loaded and raised to the highest position achievable for tipping. Verification: by tests described in Annex B or by calculation described in Annex C for rear tipping trailers. The lateral tipping angle shall be limited by design to ensure the stability of lateral tipping trailers on firm ground with a slope of 5°. Verification: by functional test or design check. 4.2.3 Minimum load on the drawbar hitch The vertical downward load on the drawbar of semi-mounted trailers, measured at the hitch point shall be positive and at least 3 % of the weight of the empty trailer with the trailer in lowered position and it shall be at least 500 N in all tipping positions, with: — the trailer on a horizontal firm surface; — the trailer body empty; — the trailer equipped with its relevant load compensation devices, as specified by the manufacturer. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 13 This vertical downward load can be achieved, for example, by using counterweights, outriggers positioned to compensate the load, by positioning of the axle or bogie or by a blocking device for axle suspension and bogie axle (see 4.2.4) in case of suspended bogies. Verification: by measurement. 4.2.4 Blocking device for axle suspension and bogie axle If fitted on a trailer, the blocking device for axle suspension and bogie axle (see 3.10) shall act automatically. 4.2.5 Stability during travelling During travelling, the trailer shall remain stable. Verification: by calculation or test with the trailer fully laden and a minimum static tipping angle of 23°. NOTE Verification method by calculation is still under investigation for consideration at the next revision or amendment of this standard. 4.3 Boarding means 4.3.1 Exterior boarding means in conformity with EN ISO 4254-1:2015, 4.8.3 shall be provided on a trailer with sideboards. When dismountable sideboards are not in place and the platform is higher than 1 m from the ground, similar boarding means shall be provided. One or more handholds shall be provided on top of the boarding means and located/positioned such that three-point contact is possible during ascending. 4.3.2 Trailers with sideboards higher than 900 mm measured from the trailer platform shall be fitted with an interior boarding means in conformity with EN ISO 4254-1:2015, 4.8.3. This boarding means shall be on the same sideboard and opposite to the exterior one. The boarding means should preferably be placed on the left side of the front of the trailer relative to the direction of motion. To avoid trapping risk under the ladder when the tipping body is being lowered, the lowest part of the ladder shall not exceed the lowest part of the load body or a minimum gap shall be provided according to EN 349. 4.3.3 The requirements of 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 apply also to sideboard extensions and coverings offered by the manufacturer. 4.3.4 Trailers with roll-up tarpaulin that cannot be operated from the ground shall be equipped with boarding means and a platform according to EN ISO 4254-1. The width of the platform shall be such that a safe operation of the roll-up tarpaulin from the platform is possible. The minimum horizontal distances from the load body shall be (see Figure 6): — 400 mm to the foot guard; — 450 mm to the intermediate rail; and — 500 mm to the handrail. The width of the access opening shall be at least 400 mm and maximum 600 mm. SIST EN 1853:2018
EN 1853:2017 (E) 14 Dimensions in millimetres
Key A direction of travel B load body 1 platform 2 handrail 3 knee-rail (intermediate rail) 4 toe plate (foot guard) 5 ladder Figure 6 — Platform dimensions Verification: by measurement. 4.4 Tipping 4.4.1 It shall always be possible to actuate the tipping control(s) (up and down) from the driving position. For trailers with an independent hydraulic system powered by PTO, when the control activating the lowering is released, the load b
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1853:2016
01-januar-2016
Kmetijski stroji - Prikolice z dvižnim kesonom - Varnost
Agricultural machinery - Trailers with tipping body - Safety
Landmaschinen - Anhänger mit Kippaufbauten - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole - Remorques à benne basculante - Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1853 rev
ICS:
65.060.10 Kmetijski traktorji in prikolice Agricultural tractors and
trailed vehicles
oSIST prEN 1853:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1853:2016
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oSIST prEN 1853:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1853
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2015
ICS 65.060.10 Will supersede EN 1853:1999+A1:2009
English Version
Agricultural machinery - Trailers with tipping body -
Safety
Matériel agricole - Remorques à benne basculante - Landmaschinen - Anhänger mit Kippaufbauten -
Sécurité Sicherheit
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 144.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1853:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 1853:2016
prEN 1853:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Stability . 11
4.2.1 Stability of the detached trailer . 11
4.2.2 Stability in the raised position when tipping . 11
4.2.3 Load on the drawbar hitch . 11
4.3 Boarding means . 12
4.4 Tipping . 12
4.5 Interconnections . 12
4.5.1 Mechanical interconnection . 12
4.5.2 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical interconnections . 12
4.6 Safety of the control system . 12
4.6.1 General . 12
4.6.2 Performance levels . 13
4.7 Other requirements . 13
4.8 Load securing . 13
4.9 Closing of rear discharge gate . 13
4.10 Conveyor devices . 14
4.11 Additional requirements for high-tip trailers . 14
4.12 Additional requirements for hook lift trailers . 14
4.12.1 Stability in the raised position when tipping . 14
4.12.2 Load on the drawbar hitch . 14
4.12.3 Overload . 15
4.12.4 Safety of the control system . 15
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 15
6 Information for use . 16
6.1 Instruction handbook . 16
6.1.1 General . 16
6.1.2 Additional information specific to hook lift trailers . 17
6.2 Marking . 17
6.3 Warning signs . 18
Annex A (normative) List of hazards . 20
Annex B (normative) Stability tests (rear tipping trailers) . 25
B.1 Scope . 25
B.2 Test equipment . 25
B.3 Test procedure . 25
B.4 Test acceptance . 25
2
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Annex C (normative) Verification of stability by calculation . 27
C.1 Scope . 27
Annex D (normative) Calculation method of vertical force in the tractor coupling device
during exchange . 28
Annex E (normative) Scraper floor. 29
E.1 Guarding . 29
E.2 Adjustment of scraper floor . 35
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 36
Bibliography . 37
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European Foreword
This document (prEN 1853:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1853:1999+A1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Significant technical changes between this document and the previous edition
(EN 1853:1999+A1:2009) are:
— Addition of hook-lift trailers;
— Addition of conveyors;
— Addition of an Annex regarding “Verification of stability by calculation”;
— Update of Normative references.
NOTE Due to lack of time and the need to respect the 3-year timeframe, some points are going to be
completed during the CEN enquiry. These points are identified in notes in 3.10, 4.6.2, 4.9, 4.12.2, 6.2 and C.1.
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Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies safety requirements and their verification for the design and
construction of trailers with a tipping body, balanced and semi mounted, used in agriculture, as defined
in 3.1. It includes also hook lift trailers, trailers with conveyor device as defined in 3.9.
This European Standard does not deal with trailers equipped with pick-up devices and/or rear
spreading devices.
NOTE Trailers with load push/push-off device, batten or alternative moving floor may be removed from this
standard, provided acceptance of a new work item on loader wagons and forage transport wagons
(EN ISO 4254-17).
This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with the significant hazards,
hazardous situations and events relevant to agricultural trailers, when they are used as intended and
under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Table A.1),
excepting the hazards arising from:
— hazards related to conveying devices other than those defined in 3.9.1 and 3.9.2, for example load
push/push-off device;
— hazards related to the environment and road safety;
— hazards related to braking.
In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the
manufacturer.
This document is not applicable to trailers which are manufactured before the date of its publication as
EN.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 4254-1:2013, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-
1:2013)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
ISO 5676:1983, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Hydraulic coupling — Braking
circuit
ISO 15817:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
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3.1
trailer
vehicle used in agriculture only for transportation and which, through its design, is adapted and
intended to be towed by a tractor or a self-propelled machine
3.1.1
balanced trailer
trailer from which no vertical load is transferred to the towing vehicle, see Figure 1
Figure 1 — Examples of balanced trailer
3.1.2
semi-mounted trailer
trailer from which part of vertical load is transferred to the towing vehicle, see Figure 2
Figure 2 — Examples of semi-mounted trailer
3.1.3
high-tip trailer
trailer equipped with a system to raise the tipping axis in relation to the chassis, see Figure 3
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Key
1 tipping axis
Figure 3 — Examples of high-tip trailer
3.1.4
hook lift trailer
trailer including a hook lift system for transporting, tipping and exchanging of roll off loading platforms,
e.g. containers, dump bodies, frames
a) Transporting mode
b) Tipping mode
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c) Exchange mode
Figure 4 — Example of hook lift trailer
3.4
highest tipping position
vertical distance between ground plane and the highest part of the raised load body when in maximum
tipping position, as shown in Figure 4
a) Semi-mounted trailer b) High-tip trailer
Key
H highest tipping position
Figure 5 — Highest tipping position
3.5
sideboard
fixed or movable wall that constitutes the load retaining side of the body and which may be hinged on
the platform of the trailer
3.6
load body
volume consisting of a platform with a front wall, two sideboards and a gate to contain the product for
its transport and discharging
[SOURCE: EN 690, 3.2 modified]
3.7
tipping
action that allows the load carried in the trailer to be discharged by tilting the body
Note 1 to entry: The tipping can be lateral or to the rear.
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3.9
conveyor device
device able to convey/move/carry the material in the load body to the discharge gate, that are of
different types: such as scraper floor, conveyor belt, load push/push-off device or alternative moving
floor
Note 1 to entry: A combination of these devices is possible.
[SOURCE: EN 690, 3.3 modified]
3.9.1
scraper floor
conveyor device made by two or more dragging chains and by a number of slats
[SOURCE: EN 690, 3.3.1]
3.9.2
conveyor belt
conveyor device made by belt
[SOURCE: EN 690, 3.3.2]
3.9.3
load push/push-off device
conveyor device formed by a moveable wall for pushing the material in the load body towards the
discharge opening
[SOURCE: EN 690, 3.3.3 modified]
3.9.4
alternative moving floor
conveyor device made by alternative moving battens
3.10
automatic blocking suspension device
system that acts automatically to prevent the pitch upwards and increases the stability of the trailer
NOTE To be clarified in link with Clause 4 during the CEN enquiry.
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
4.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but
not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the trailer shall comply with the requirements of
EN ISO 4254-1:2013 and with EN ISO 13857:2008, Table 1, Table 3 and Table 4.
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4.2 Stability
4.2.1 Stability of the detached trailer
Trailers shall be designed to comply with the stability requirements given in EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.2,
or by calculation. For rear tipping trailers compliance with the stability requirements can be verified by
calculation described in Annex C.
When the trailer is parked on a horizontal surface, containing a uniform load equal to the maximum
permissible load declared by the manufacturer, any supporting devices other than wheels shall comply
with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.2.1.2.
Verification: by design check
The design shall ensure that the detached trailer does not move (e.g. by the provision of blocks or with
the parking brake applied, when provided).
Verification: this requirement shall be checked by standing the trailer, loaded at its maximum
permissible load, and with any steerable axles in the straight ahead position on a firm surface with a
slope of 8,5°. This test shall be carried out with the trailer positioned on the slope in the most
unfavourable orientation which shall be recorded.
During the test, the trailer shall not move.
If blocks are required to prevent any movement of the detached trailer, a location shall be provided on
the trailer for their storage when they are not used.
Verification: by design check and visual inspection.
4.2.2 Stability in the raised position when tipping
Trailers shall be so designed that they remain stable on a slope of 5° when raised to the highest position
used for tipping.
Verification: by tests described in Annex B or by calculation described in Annex C for rear tipping
trailers.
The lateral tipping angle shall be limited by design to ensure the stability of lateral tipping trailers on
firm ground of a slope of 5°.
Verification: by functional test or design check.
4.2.3 Load on the drawbar hitch
The vertical downward load on the drawbar of semi-mounted trailers, measured at the hitch point shall
be positive and at least 3 % of the weight of the empty trailer with the trailer in lowered position and it
shall be at least 500 N in all tipping positions, with:
— the trailer on a horizontal firm surface;
— the trailer body empty;
— the trailer equipped with its relevant load compensation devices, as specified by the manufacturer.
This can be achieved for example by counterweights, outriggers positioned to compensate the load, by
positioning of the axle or bogie or by blocking the suspension in case of suspended bogies.
Verification: by measurement and functional test.
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4.3 Boarding means
4.3.1 Exterior boarding means in conformity with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.3 shall be provided on a
trailer with sideboards when the tops of the sideboards are higher than 1,5 m from the ground. When
dismountable sideboards are not in place and the platform is higher than 1 m from the ground, similar
boarding means shall be provided. One or more handholds shall be provided on top of the boarding
means.
4.3.2 Trailers with sideboards higher than 900 mm measured from the trailer platform shall be fitted
with an interior boarding means in conformity with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.1.6. This boarding means
shall be on the same sideboard and opposite to the exterior one.
The boarding means should preferably be placed on the left side of the front of the trailer relative to the
direction of motion.
4.3.3 The requirements of 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 apply also with sideboard extensions/toppings offered by
the manufacturer.
4.3.4 Trailers with rollup tarpaulin that cannot be operated from the ground shall be equipped with
boarding means and platforms according to EN ISO 4254-1.
Verification: by measurement.
4.4 Tipping
4.4.1 It shall always be possible to actuate the tipping control(s) (up and down) from the driving
position. When (an) additional control(s) is (are) provided on the trailer, it (they) shall be of the hold-
to-run type, located outside hazardous zones, and shall conform with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.1.
4.4.2 The hydraulic tipping system and the hydraulic braking system shall not be controlled by the
same hydraulic circuit.
4.4.3 Trailers shall be constructed so that the highest permissible tipping position cannot be
exceeded.
Verification: by functional test and measurement and design check.
4.5 Interconnections
4.5.1 Mechanical interconnection
The mechanical connecting device of a trailer shall conform to the relevant standard.
Verification: by design check
4.5.2 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical interconnections
When the hydraulic braking system of the trailer is intended to be coupled to the tractor service braking
system, then the coupling defined in ISO 5676:1983 shall be used. This coupling shall only be fitted in
the braking circuit.
Verification: by design check or measurement.
4.6 Safety of the control system
4.6.1 General
Control systems shall comply with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.5 and 6.1.
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Where a trailer based electro-hydraulic or electric control system is used, it shall comply with
EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.18 (EMC), 4.19 (Emergency stop) and 4.20 (safety related control).
Where the remote control is a wireless control, it shall comply with ISO 15817:2005.
Power supply interruptions and restoration, of any kind and reason, shall not create hazards, e.g. falling
load.
Verification: by calculation and/or functional tests.
4.6.2 Performance levels
The safety related control functions shall comply with performance levels determined according to
EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.20. The following control functions, where fitted, shall be regarded as safety
related: Tipping; Load exchange; Stability interlocking control; working mode of operation control;
Emergency stop; load body locking device.
NOTE Additional functions may be identified during the CEN enquiry.
Verification: by design check.
4.7 Other requirements
4.7.1 To avoid unintended lowering of the load body in case of hydraulic failure, a safety device shall
be fitted, e.g. by means of a safety valve.
Verification: by design check.
4.7.2 A mechanical support hinged to the trailer, in conformity with the requirements given in
EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.11 shall be provided to secure the body in high position during maintenance
operations.
Verification: by functional test.
4.7.3 Sideboard and discharge gate locking devices shall be so located that the operator can actuate
them from outside the swinging range of the board or gate.
When sideboard or discharge gate is opened manually, a means shall be provided to avoid the operator
being hit by the opening doors.
Verification: by functional test.
4.8 Load securing
On trailers designed for transport of general cargo tie-down points shall be provided for load securing.
Verification: by functional test or design check.
4.9 Closing of rear discharge gate
The rear discharge gate shall be designed to avoid crushing or shearing hazards at the closing of the
discharge gate.
For mechanical closure, the maximum speed at closing of tailgate shall not exceed 1,0 m/s measured at
the outermost point of the discharge gate.
Verification: by measurement.
For hydraulic closure, a safety device shall be fitted to avoid unintended lowering of the discharge gate,
e.g. by means of a safety valve.
Verification: by design check.
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In all cases, an audible warning signal shall be provided to warn bystanders, at least during the closing
motion of the discharge gate.
NOTE Other measures such as means to control the closure of the discharge gate are under study, e.g. limiting
speed and forces of closure and visibility.
Verification: by functional test.
4.10 Conveyor devices
For trailers with scraper floor, requirements of Annex E shall be applied.
Verification: by measurement.
4.11 Additional requirements for high-tip trailers
It shall always be possible to actuate the control for raising or lowering the tipping axis from the driving
position.
When (an) additional control(s) is (are) provided on the trailer, it (they) shall be of the hold-to-run type
and shall comply with EN ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.1.
The grain chute, if provided, shall be controlled from a safe position on the ground, an operating
platform or driving position. The control shall be positioned so that contact with the discharged
material flow is prevented and that operator has an unobstructed view over the discharging process.
Verification: by functional test.
4.12 Additional requirements for hook lift trailers
4.12.1 Stability in the raised position when tipping
The articulated tipping frame shall be blocked while tipping (e.g. by mechanical or hydraulic means).
Verification: by functional test or visual check.
4.12.2 Load on the drawbar hitch
Maximum reactive vertical force in the trailer drawbar during exchange shall be calculated and
validated by testing. The calculation shall be based on maximum allowed hydraulic setting and specified
trailer loading capacity and include worst case position of load during exchange.
Hook lift trailers shall be so designed that a downward vertical load at the coupling point is achieved in
all using modes (load exchange, tipping and transport) and at all loading combinations. Where this
downward vertical load only can be achieved by using additional stability control measures, e.g.
outriggers, bogie axle support, hitching stabilization etc., as shown in Figure 6, the following
calculat
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