SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
(Main)Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
This part specifies the reaction to fire performance requirements for materials and products used on railway vehicles as defined in CEN/TS 45545-1. The operation and design categories defined in CEN/TS 45545-1 are used to establish hazard levels that are used as the basis of a classification system. For each hazard level, this part specifies the test methods, test conditions and reaction to fire performance requirements. It is not within the scope of this Technical Specification to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire.
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten
Dieser Teil der EN 45545 legt die Brandschutzanforderungen an Werkstoffe und Komponenten für Schienfahrzeuge nach prEN 45545-1 fest.
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 2: Exigences au feu des matériaux et des composants
Cette Partie spécifie les exigences de performance au feu pour les matériaux et produits utilisés à bord de véhicules ferroviaires telles que définis dans la CEN/TS 45545-1.
Les catégories d’exploitation et de conception définies dans la CEN/TS 45545-1 sont utilisées pour établir les niveaux de risque qui sont utilisés comme la base du système de classification.
Pour chaque niveau de risque, cette partie spécifie la méthode d’essai, les conditions d’essai, et les exigences de réaction au feu.
La description des mesures qui garantissent la préservation des véhicules en cas de feu, n’est pas dans le domaine d’application de la présente Spécification Technique.
Železniške naprave - Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih - 2. del: Zahteve za obnašanja materialov in sestavnih delov v požaru
Ta del določa zahteve odziva na ogenj za materiale in proizvode, ki se uporabljajo na železniških vozilih, kot je opisano v CEN/TS 45545-1. Obratovalne in konstrukcijske kategorije, podane v CEN/TS 45545-1, se uporabljajo za določanje stopenj tveganja, ki so podlaga za razvrstitev v sistem. Za vsako stopnjo tveganja so v tem delu specifikacije določene preskusne metode, preskusni pogoji in zahteve odziva na ogenj. V okviru te tehnične specifikacije niso opisani ukrepi, ki zagotavljajo varovanje vozil v primeru požara.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
01-april-2009
1DGRPHãþD
OSIST prEN 45545-2:2005
äHOH]QLãNHQDSUDYH3RåDUQD]DãþLWDQDåHOH]QLãNLKYR]LOLKGHO =DKWHYH]D
REQDãDQMDPDWHULDORYLQVHVWDYQLKGHORYYSRåDUX
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire
behaviour of materials and components
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 2: Anforderungen an das
Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires -
Partie 2: Exigences au feu des matériaux et des composants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 45545-2
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
January 2009
ICS 45.060.01
English version
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part
2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen -
dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 2 : Exigences du Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von
comportement au feu des matériaux et des composants Materialien und Komponenten
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 June 2008 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN/CENELEC will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN and CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the
CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees, respectively, of Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN Management Centre: CENELEC Central Secretariat:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 E
worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC
Members.
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CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
3.1 Definition of parameters .7
3.2 Explanation of expressions .9
3.3 Hazard levels . 11
4 Requirements . 12
4.1 Essential . 12
4.2 General . 12
4.3 Listed products . 13
4.4 Non listed products . 19
4.5 Refurbishment and maintenance requirements . 20
4.6 Products to be approved on functional necessity . 21
4.7 Set of material requirements . 21
5 Test properties . 30
5.1 Summary of test methods . 30
5.2 Modifications on test methods used in 5.1 . 33
5.3 Testing rules . 34
6 Evaluation of conformity . 38
Annex A (normative) Standard vandalisation test for seat coverings . 39
A.1 Introduction . 39
A.2 Apparatus . 39
A.3 Preparation of test specimen . 40
A.4 Test procedure . 40
A.5 Results . 40
A.6 Test report . 41
Annex B (normative) Fire test method for seating . 42
B.1 General . 42
B.2 Safety warning . 42
B.3 Test facility . 42
B.4 Test specimens . 48
B.5 Test procedure and application of the burner . 50
B.6 Early termination of test . 52
B.7 Test results . 52
B.8 Test report . 52
Annex C (normative) Testing methods for determination of toxic gases from railway products . 54
C.1 Introduction . 54
C.2 Method 1 – Test apparatus . 55
C.3 Analysis of fire effluents for Method 1. 56
C.4 Test environment . 57
C.5 Conditioning . 57
C.6 Pre-test conditions for the apparatus for Method 1 . 57
C.7 Warnings . 58
C.8 Smoke and gas testing using Method 1 . 58
C.9 Data treatment . 60
C.10 Test report for Method 1 . 61
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C.11 Use of alternative gas analysis techniques to FTIR . 62
C.12 Method 2 – Test apparatus . 63
C.13 Test environment (Method 2) . 63
C.14 Conditioning of Samples . 63
C.15 Test for gases using Method 2 . 63
C.16 Calculations of CIT . 64
Annex D (normative) Protocol for test specimen preparation in standard tests . 67
D.1 Protocol for specimen preparation for tests according to EN ISO 5659-2 and ISO 5660-1 . 67
D.2 Protocol for specimen preparation of upholstered furniture assembled products for tests
according to EN ISO 5659-2 and ISO 5660-1. 67
D.3 Protocol for test specimen preparation for flame spread testing . 69
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this Technical Specification and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC, as amended by 2004/50/EC . 70
Bibliography . 71
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 45545-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
This series of Technical Specifications Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles consists of:
Part 1: General;
Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components;
Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers;
Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design;
Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses
and magnetic levitation vehicles;
Part 6: Fire control and management systems;
Part 7: Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
This part is based on existing fire safety regulations for railway vehicles from the International Union of
Railways (UIC) and different European countries.
In using the operation and design categories defined in CEN/TS 45545-1, the requirements laid down in this
part take into account the current operating conditions for European public rail transport.
1 Scope
This part specifies the reaction to fire performance requirements for materials and products used on railway
vehicles as defined in CEN/TS 45545-1.
The operation and design categories defined in CEN/TS 45545-1 are used to establish hazard levels that are
used as the basis of a classification system.
For each hazard level, this part specifies the test methods, test conditions and reaction to fire performance
requirements.
It is not within the scope of this Technical Specification to describe measures that ensure the preservation of
the vehicles in the event of a fire.
5
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CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 (E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building — Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of
substrates
EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using
data from reaction to fire tests
CEN/TS 45545-1, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General
CEN/TS 45545-3:2009, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 3: Fire resistance
requirements for fire barriers
EN 50266-2-4, Common test methods for cables under fire conditions — Test for vertical flame spread of
vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables — Part 2-4: Procedures; Category C
EN 50305:2002, Railway applications — Railway rolling stock cables having special fire performance — Test
methods
EN 60332-1-2, Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions — Part 1-2: Test for vertical
flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable — Procedure for 1 kW pre-mixed flame (IEC 60332-1-
2:2004)
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995)
EN 61034-1, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions — Part 1: Test
apparatus (IEC 61034-1:2005)
EN 61034-2, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions — Part 2: Test
procedure and requirements (IEC 61034-2:2005)
EN ISO 1182, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Non-combustibility test (ISO 1182:2002)
EN ISO 1716:2002, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Determination of the heat of combustion
(ISO 1716:2002)
EN ISO 4589-2, Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index — Part 2: Ambient-
temperature test (ISO 4589-2:1996)
EN ISO 5659-2, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber
test (ISO 5659-2:2006)
EN ISO 6507-3, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
(ISO 6507-3:2005)
EN ISO 9239-1, Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a
radiant heat source (ISO 9239-1:2002)
EN ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire tests — Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of
flame — Part 2: Single-flame source test (ISO 11925-2:2002)
EN ISO 12952-3, Textiles — Burning behaviour of bedding items — Part 3: General test methods for the
ignitability by a small open flame (ISO 12952-3:1998)
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EN ISO 12952-4, Textiles — Burning behaviour of bedding items — Part 4: Specific test methods for the
ignitability by a small open flame (ISO 12952-4:1998)
EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000)
ISO 5658-2:2006, Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 2: Lateral spread on building and transport
products in vertical configuration
ISO 5660-1, Reaction-to-fire tests — Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate — Part 1: Heat
release rate (cone calorimeter method)
ISO/TR 9705-2, Reaction-to-fire tests — Full-scale room tests for surface products — Part 2: Technical
background and guidance
ISO 11054, Cutting tools — Designation of high-speed steel groups
ISO 19702, Toxicity testing of fire effluents — Guidance for analysis of gases and vapours in fire effluents
using FTIR gas analysis
IEC/TS 60695-1-40, Fire hazard testing — Part 1-40: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products — Insulating liquids
NF X70-100-1, Fire tests — Analysis of gaseous effluents — Part 1: methods for analysing gases stemming
from thermal degradation
NF X70-100-2, Fire tests — Analysis of gaseous effluents — Part 2: tubular furnace thermal degradation
method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Definition of parameters
3.1.1
average rate of heat emission at time t
ARHE
cumulative heat emission from t = 0 to t = t divided by t
ARHE is generated as follows:
Given that the rate of heat emission data comprises pairs of data points where the first data point is (t q)
1
where t is the time and q is the rate of heat emission, ARHE is given by (using a trapezoidal area assumption):
n
q& + q&
n n−1
(t − t )X
∑ n n−1
2
2
ARHE(t )=
n
t − t
n n−1
Generally t1 = 0 and q1 = 0, or at least can be rescaled to meet this condition; the expression above can be
further simplified.
The heat emission for each time element (h ) is calculated assuming a scan rate at 2 s for burns of less than
n
3 min and at 5 s for longer burn times (ISO 5660-1). The first heat element is obtained from data points 1 and
2 and assigned to data point 2 as h2:
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& &
q + q
n n−1
h = (t − t )X
n n n−1
2
Summing these elements from n = 2 to n = n and dividing by the interval of time from t1 to tn:
n
h
∑
n
2
ARHE(t )=
n
t − t
n 1
3.1.2
maximum average rate of heat emission
MARHE
maximum value of ARHE during the time period t = 0 to t = t
end
For the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) listed in Table 8 as T03.1 and T03.2, results of ARHE and MARHE are
2
expressed as kW/m (heat emission rate per unit area) whilst, for the furniture calorimeter (T06), heat
emission rate is measured as kW
3.1.3
specific optical density of smoke
Ds(n)
optical density in the test chamber multiplied by a factor, which depends on the instrument and on the
specimen size; n indicates “at time n minutes into the test”
Ds is dimensionless
3.1.4
cumulative value of specific optical densities in the first 4 min of the test
VOF
4
area under D vs. time curve during the test period t = 0 to t = 4, using a trapezoidal area assumption and a
s
finite element (t) of 1 min
With D (0) = 0 and t = 1,
s
D (4)
s
VOF = D (1)+ D (2)+ D (3)+
4 s s s
2
VOF has dimensions of minutes
4
3.1.5
conventional index of toxicity
CIT
specific meaning for specific materials/products but in all cases CIT comprises two terms:
CIT = [Precursor Term] × [Summation Term]
The Summation Term is produced from the ratios of the emission level to the reference level of the gas
component.
If the emission level and reference level do not have the same dimensions, then the Precursor Term has
dimensions so as to cancel the dimensions of the Summation Term: CIT is always dimensionless.
Details of the derivation of CIT for structural products, non-listed products and cables are specified
in Annex C.
For the scope of this Technical Specification, the following 8 gas components need to be analysed: CO ; CO; HF;
2
HCl; HBr; HCN; SO ; NO .
2 x
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NOTE 1 NO includes both NO and NO quoted as NO .
x 2 2
Table 1 — Reference concentrations of the gas components
Gas component Reference concentration
3
mg/m
CO 72 000
2
CO 1 380
HBr 99
HCl 75
HCN 55
HF 25
NO 38
x
SO 262
2
NOTE 2 These reference values are based on IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health), recognised as a limit
for personal exposure to the gas component by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) (1997
version).
3.2 Explanation of expressions
3.2.1 General
Fire terms and definitions used in this Technical Specification and not otherwise defined are given in
EN ISO 13943. Expressions used in this Technical Specification are explained in Table 2.
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Table 2 — Table of expression
Expressions Explanation References
Armrest An element which may function as a support for a seated person’s 5.3.5
arm but which may also be part of a seat which defines the width of
a seat place.
Coating Product applied as liquid or powder to a substrate that will cure or
dry into a continuous surface to the substrate.
Exterior of the body shell If the path taken by the fire effluent to reach a passenger or staff
area uses only space outside of the physical envelope of the
vehicle, then the product or surface is exterior else the product or
surface is interior.
A gangway area between fire resisting vehicle ends is defined as
an exterior area.
Listed product Product included in the Table 4. 4.3
Non-listed product Any product which is not listed in Table 4. 5.4
Material Single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture e.g. metal,
stone, timber, concrete, mineral wool with uniformly dispersed
binder, polymers.
Functionally suitable A functionally suitable product is one which will meet the required 4.6
product static, dynamic and mechanical properties for use in the specified
operating environment, (e.g. temperature, chemicals, humidity) and
have a life consistent with normal industry maintenance schedules.
Product The material or assembly about which information is required.
Test specimen A test specimen is the product that is subjected to a procedure of
assessment or measurement. It shall be representative of the
product installed on the train.
Substrate A material or materials that are used immediately beneath the
product.
Cable conduits and Linear electrical products such as flexible circular conduits, rigid
ducts rectangular ducts or trays.
3.2.2 Limited surfaces and strips
3.2.2.1 General
Surfaces compliant with the following rules shall qualify individually as limited surfaces. Surfaces which are
grouped as a result of their non compliance with the separation rules shall be considered as a single grouped
surface for the purposes of further analysis.
Only surfaces being considered for "limited" status shall be considered in the grouped surface.
The boundary between a wall and a ceiling is at the 45° angle.
The maximum area of a ceiling, which may be of "limited" status within each passenger or staff compartment
is 15 % of total ceiling area.
The maximum area of walls (vertical surfaces including windows and transverse partitions) which may be of
"limited" status within each passenger or staff compartment is 15 % of total wall area.
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3.2.2.2 Ceilings
Longitudinal limited surfaces with a width < 200 mm (strips):
shall not have length limitation;
shall be separated from another limited surface by > 200 mm of R1 compliant material.
Other limited surfaces:
2
shall have an area < 0,20 m ;
shall have a maximum dimension in any direction on the surface < 1 m;
shall be separated from another limited surface by a distance of R1 compliant material greater than the
dimension of the limited surface, measured in the same horizontal direction as the separation direction.
3.2.2.3 Walls
Vertical limited surfaces with a lateral width < 200 mm (strips):
need not have a maximum vertical dimension limitation;
need to be separated laterally from another limited surface by > 200 mm of R1 compliant material.
Other limited surfaces:
need to have a maximum dimension measured in a vertical direction < 1 m;
need to be separated from another limited surface, vertically above, by a distance of R1 compliant
material greater than the vertical extent of the lower surface.
Limited Surfaces have the product number IN 2 in Table 4 and strips have the product number IN 3 in Table 4.
3.3 Hazard levels
Hazard levels (HL 1 to HL 3) are the relation between operation categories and design categories defined in
part 1 and based on the different dwell times defined in part 1.
Hazard levels defined in Table 3 are used in Table 7 for requirement classification.
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Table 3 — Hazard level classification
Design category
Operation N: A: D: S:
category
Standard vehicles Automatic vehicles Double decked Sleeping and
having no vehicle couchette cars
emergency trained double decked or
staff on board single deck
1 HL1 HL1 HL1 HL2
2 HL2 HL2 HL2 HL2
3 HL2 HL2 HL2 HL3
4 HL3 HL3 HL3 HL3
4 Requirements
4.1 Essential
The design of rolling stock and the products used shall be aimed at limiting fire development should an ignition
event occur in order that a sufficient level of safety is achieved.
Given the objectives defined in CEN/TS 45545-1 it should be possible for passengers and staff to survive
within any area impacted by the products of fire so that allowing them eventually to leave unaided and reach a
place of safety.
4.2 General
The following principles are applicable to all products:
a) products which comply with the highest level of reaction to fire performance by definition and therefore
need no further testing are:
products classified as A1 according EN 13501-1;
all products described in commission decision 96/603/EC (as amended) with the exception of
laminated glass;
b) where a product has a continuous aluminium or steel surface in the end use condition and where the
thickness of the metal is greater than defined in Table 9, it is sufficient to test the product with the
thickness given in Table 9;
c) a homogeneous product meeting a requirement at two different thicknesses complies with the
requirement by definition at all intermediate thicknesses;
d) where a product has a continuous glass surface in the end use condition, it shall be possible to qualify
related products without testing from the qualification of one product subject to the following rules:
the glass thickness on the exposed surface is not greater than the glass thickness of the assessed
product;
the glass on the exposed surface has the same generic composition as the glass of the assessed
product;
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...
SLOVENSKA SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 TEHNIČNA SPECIFIKACIJA april 2009
Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih – 2. del: Zahteve za obnašanje materialov in sestavnih delov v požaru
Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
Applications ferroviaires – Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires – Partie 2: Exigences du comportement au feu des matériaux et des composants
Bahnanwendungen – Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen – Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten
Referenčna oznaka ICS 45.060.01 SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009(sl)
Nadaljevanje na strani II in od 1 do 59
© 2010-07. Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 II NACIONALNI UVOD
Tehnična specifikacija SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 (sl), Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih – 2. del: Zahteve za obnašanja materialov in sestavnih delov v požaru, 2009, ima status slovenske tehnične specifikacije in je enakovredna tehnični specifikaciji CEN/TS 45545-2 (en), Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components (en), 2009.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR Tehnično specifikacijo CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo CEN in Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki CENELEC CEN/CL/JWG FPR Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih.
Slovenska tehnična specifikacija SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 je prevod angleškega besedila tehnične specifikacije CEN/TS 45545-2:2009. V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tej tehnični specifikaciji je odločilno izvirno besedilo tehnične specifikacije v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo tehnične specifikacije je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC ŽEN.
Odločitev za privzem te tehnične specifikacije je na svoji prvi dopisni seji 12. januarja 2009 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC ŽEN. ZVEZE S STANDARDI
V tehnični specifikaciji SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 pomeni sklicevanje na evropske in mednarodne standarde, ki je vključeno v to evropsko tehnično specifikacijo, sklicevanje na enakovredne slovenske standarde.
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO TEHNIČNE SPECIFIKACIJE – privzem tehnične specifikacije CEN/TS 45545-2:2009
OPOMBE
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del tehnične specifikacije. – Naslovi standardov v preglednici 8 k SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 v angleškem jeziku so prevedeni v slovenščino samo za namen prevoda te skupine tehničnih specifikacij CEN/TS 45545.
– Ta tehnična specifikacija je enakovredna CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 in je objavljena z dovoljenjem
CEN in CENELEC
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
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This technical sspecification is identical with CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 and is published with the permission of
CEN/CENELEC
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Brussels
TEHNIČNA SPECIFIKACIJA CEN/TS 45545-2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION januar 2009
ICS 45.060.01
Slovenska izdaja
Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih – 2. del: Zahteve za obnašanje materialov in sestavnih delov v požaru
Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components Applications ferroviaires – Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires – Partie 2: Exigences du comportement au feu des matériaux et des composants Bahnanwendungen – Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen – Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten
To tehnično specifikacijo (CEN/TS) je potrdil CEN 9. junija 2008 za začasno uporabo.
Trajanje veljavnosti te CEN/TS je omejeno na tri leta. Po dveh letih se bo od članic CEN/CENELEC zahtevalo posredovanje njihovih komentarjev, zlasti o vprašanju preoblikovanja CEN/TS v evropski standard.
Od članic CEN in CENELEC se zahteva, da objavijo obstoj te CEN/TS na enak način kot EN in omogočijo dostopnost CEN/TS v primerni obliki na nacionalni ravni. Dopustno je, da nasprotujoči nacionalni standardi ostanejo v veljavi (skupaj s CEN/TS), dokler ne bo doseženo preoblikovanje CEN/TS v EN.
Članice CEN in CENELEC so nacionalne ustanove za standardizacijo in nacionalni elektrotehniški komiteji Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike, Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Nemčije, Grčije, Madžarske, Islandije, Irske, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga, Malte, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
Evropski komite za standardizacijo European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Upravni center CEN:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Centralni sekretariat CENELEC: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CEN/CENELEC Ref. oznaka. CEN/TS 45545-2:2009 E
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 2 Vsebina Stran
Predgovor.4 Uvod.4 1
Področje uporabe.4 2
Zveza s standardi.5 3
Izrazi in definicije.7 3.1
Definicije parametrov.9 3.2
Razlaga izrazov.9 3.3
Stopnje tveganja.10 4
Zahteve.11 4.1
Bistvo.11 4.2
Splošno.11 4.3
Uvrščeni proizvodi.12 4.4
Neuvrščeni proizvodi.16 4.5
Zahteve za obnovo in vzdrževanje.17 4.6
Proizvodi za preskus funkcionalne nujnosti.18 4.7
Nabor zahtev za materiale.18 5
Preskusne karakteristike.24 5.1
Povzetek preskusnih metod.24 5.2
Spremembe preskusnih metod, uporabljenih v 5.1.27 5.3
Pravila preskušanja.28 6
Vrednotenje skladnosti.30 Dodatek A (normativni): Standardni preskus poškodovanih sedežnih prevlek.31 A.1 Uvod.31 A.2 Naprave.31 A.3
Priprava preskusnega vzorca.32 A.4
Preskusni postopek.32 A.5
Rezultati.32 A.6
Poročilo o preskusu.33 Dodatek B (normativni): Požarni preskus za sedeže.34 B.1
Splošno.34 B.2
Varnostna opozorila.34 B.3
Preskusne priprave.34 B.4
Preskusni vzorci.40 B.5
Postopek preskušanja in uporaba gorilnika.41 B.6
Predčasni konec preskusa.42 B.7
Rezultati preskusa.42 B.8
Poročilo o preskusu.43 Dodatek C (normativni): Preskusne metode za določanje strupenih plinov iz
železniških proizvodov.44
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009
3 C.1
Uvod.44 C.2
Metoda 1 – Preskusne naprave.45 C.3
Analiza iztoka produktov ognja po metodi 1.45 C.4
Preskusno okolje.47 C.5
Klimatiziranje.47 C.6
Pogoji za naprave pred preskusom po metodi 1.47 C.7
Opozorila.47 C.8
Preskušanje dima in plinov po metodi 1.48 C.9
Obdelava podatkov.49 C.10
Poročilo o preskusu po metodi 1.50 C.11
Uporaba alternativnih tehnik za analizo plinov po FTIR.51 C.12
Metoda 2 – Preskusne naprave.51 C.13
Preskusno okolje (metoda 2).52 C.14
Klimatizacija vzorca.52 C.15
Preskus za ugotovitev koncentracije plinov po metodi 2.52 C.16
Izračun CIT.52 Dodatek D (normativni): Poročilo o obdelavi preskusnih vzorcev v standardnih preskusih.55 D.1
Poročilo o obdelavi preskusnih vzorcev po EN ISO 5659-2 in ISO 5660-1.55 D.2
Poročilo o pripravi vzorca proizvodov oblazinjenega pohištva za preskuse po
EN ISO 5659-2 in ISO 5660-1.55 D.3
Poročilo o pripravi preskusnega vzorca za preskus širjenja plamena.57 Dodatek ZA (informativni): Povezava med to tehnično specifikacijo in bistvenimi zahtevami
Direktive EU 96/48/ES, dopolnjene z 2004/50/ES.58 Literatura.59
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 4 Predgovor
Ta dokument (CEN/TS 45545-2:2009) je pripravil tehnični odbor CEN/TC 256 Železniške naprave pod vodstvom tajništva DIN.
Posebna pozornost je namenjena možnosti, da so lahko nekateri elementi tega dokumenta predmet patentnih pravic. CEN (in/ali CENELEC) nista odgovorna za identifikacijo katerekoli ali vseh patentnih pravic.
Ta dokument je bil pripravljen na osnovi mandata, ki sta ga CEN dodelila Evropska komisija ter Evropsko združenje za prosto trgovino in podpira bistvene zahteve direktiv ES.
Povezave z direktivami ES so razvidne iz informativnega dodatka ZA, ki je sestavni del tega dokumenta.
To zbirko tehničnih specifikacij »Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih« sestavljajo: – 1. del: Splošno – 2. del: Zahteve za obnašanje materialov in sestavnih delov v požaru
– 3. del: Zahteve za požarno odpornost požarnih pregrad – 4. del: Protipožarne varnostne zahteve pri konstrukciji železniških vozil – 5. del: Zahteve požarne varnosti za električno opremo, vključno z opremo trolejbusov, tirno vodenih avtobusov in lebdečih vozil na magnetni blazini – 6. del: Obvladovanje požara in sistemi upravljanja – 7. del: Varnostne zahteve za vnetljive tekočine in inštalacije z vnetljivimi plini
Skladno z notranjimi predpisi CEN/CENELEC morajo to tehnično specifikacijo obvezno uvesti nacionalne organizacije za standardizacijo naslednjih držav: Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike, Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Nemčije, Grčije, Madžarske, Islandije, Irske, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga, Malte, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
Uvod
Ta del temelji na veljavnih predpisih o požarni varnosti za železniška vozila Mednarodne železniške zveze (UIC) in na predpisih različnih evropskih držav.
Z uporabo obratovalnih in konstrukcijskih kategorij, opredeljenih v CEN/TS 45545-1, so v zahtevah tega dela upoštevani sedanji obratovalni pogoji v evropskem javnem potniškem železniškem prometu.
1
Področje uporabe
Ta del določa zahteve odziva na ogenj za materiale in proizvode, ki se uporabljajo na železniških vozilih, kot je opisano v CEN/TS 45545-1.
Obratovalne in konstrukcijske kategorije, podane v CEN/TS 45545-1, se uporabljajo za določanje stopenj tveganja, ki so podlaga za razvrstitev v sistem.
Za vsako stopnjo tveganja so v tem delu specifikacije določene preskusne metode, preskusni pogoji in zahteve odziva na ogenj.
V okviru te tehnične specifikacije niso opisani ukrepi, ki zagotavljajo varovanje vozil v primeru požara.
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009
5 2
Zveza s standardi
Za uporabo tega dokumenta so nujni naslednji referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja referenčnega dokumenta (vključno z vsemi dopolnili).
EN 13238 Preskusi odziva gradbenih proizvodov na ogenj – Postopki kondicioniranja in splošna pravila za izbiro podlag
Reaction to fire tests for building products – Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates
EN 13501-1 Požarna klasifikacija gradbenih proizvodov in elementov stavb – 1. del: Klasifikacija po podatkih iz preskusov odziva na ogenj
Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests
CEN/TS 45545-1 Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih – 1. del: Splošno
Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 1: General
CEN/TS 45545-3:2009 Železniške naprave – Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih – 3. del: Zahteve za požarno odpornost požarnih pregrad
Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers
EN 50266-2-4 Common tests methods for cables under fire conditions – Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables – Part 2-4: Procedures – Category C
EN 50305:2002 Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having special fire performance – Test methods
EN 60332-1-2 Preskusi na električnih kablih in kablih iz optičnih vlaken v požarnih razmerah – 1-2. del: Preskus navpičnega širjenja ognja po posamezni izolirani žici ali kablu – Postopek za predmešani plamen 1 kW
(IEC 60332-1-2:2004)
Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions – Part 1-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable – Procedure for 1 kW pre-miksed flame (IEC 60332-1-2:2004)
EN 60584-1 Thermocouples – Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995)
EN 61034-1 Merjenje gostote dima pri gorenju kablov pri določenih pogojih – 1. del: Preskusni aparat (IEC 61034-1:2005)
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions -- Part 1: Test apparatus
EN 61034-2 Merjenje gostote dima pri gorenju kablov pri določenih pogojih – 2. del: Preskusni postopek in zahteve (IEC 61034-2:2005)
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions – Part 2: Test procedure and requirements (IEC 61034-2:2005)
EN ISO 1182 Preskusi odziva gradbenih proizvodov na ogenj – Preskus negorljivosti
(ISO 1182:2002)
Reaction to fire tests for building products – Non-combustibility test
(ISO 1182:2002)
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 6 EN ISO 1716:2002 Preskusi odziva gradbenih proizvodov na ogenj – Ugotavljanje specifične toplote zgorevanja (ISO 1716:2002)
Reaction to fire tests for building products – Determination of the heat of combustion (ISO 1716:2002)
EN ISO 4589-2 Polimerni materiali – Določanje gorljivosti s kisikovim indeksom – 2. del: Preskus pri sobni temperaturi (ISO 4589-2:1996)
Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen indeks – Part 2: Ambient-temperature test (ISO 4589-2:1996)
EN ISO 5659-2 Polimerni materiali – Nastajanje dima – 2. del: Določanje optične gostote s preskusom v eni preskusni komori (ISO 5659-2:2006)
Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2006)
EN ISO 6507-3 Kovinski materiali – Preskus trdote po Vickersu – 3. del: Umerjanje primerjalnih ploščic (ISO 6507-3:2005)
Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (ISO 6507-3:2005)
EN ISO 9239-1 Preskusi odziva talnih oblog na ogenj – 1. del: Ugotavljanje obnašanja pri gorenju z uporabo sevalnega vira toplote (ISO 9239-1:2002)
Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a radiant heat source (ISO 9239-1:2002)
EN ISO 11925-2 Preskusi odziva na ogenj – Sposobnost vžiga gradbenih proizvodov v neposrednem stiku s plamenom – 2. del: Preskus z enim gorilnikom (ISO 11925-2:2002)
Reaction to fire tests – Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame – Part 2: Single-flame source test (ISO 11925-2:2002)I
EN ISO 12952-3:1999 Tekstilije – Gorljivost posteljnine – 3. del: Splošne metode preskušanja vnetljivosti z majhnim odprtim plamenom (ISO 12952-3:1998)
Textiles – Burning behaviour of bedding items – Part 3: General test methods for the ignitability by a small open flame (ISO 12952-3:1998)
EN ISO 12952-4 Tekstilije – Gorljivost posteljnine – 4. del: Posebne metode preskušanja vnetljivosti z majhnim odprtim plamenom (ISO 12952-4:1998)
Textiles – Burning behaviour of bedding items – Part 4: Specific test methods for the ignitability by a small open flame (ISO 12952-4:1998)
EN ISO 13943:2000 Požarna varnost – Slovar (ISO 13943:2000)
Fire safety – Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000)
ISO 5658-2:2006 Preskusi odziva na ogenj – Širjenje plamena – 2. del: Vzdolžno širjenje plamena po pokončnih gradbenih proizvodih
Reaction to fire tests – Spread of flame – Part 2: Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration
ISO 5660-1 Požarni preskusi – Odzivnost materialov na ogenj – 1. del: Hitrost sproščanja toplote gradbenih proizvodov (metoda konusnega kalorimetra)
Fire tests – Reaction to fire – Part 1: Rate of heat release from building products (Cone calorimeter method)
ISO/TR 9705-2 Reaction-to-fire tests – Full-scale room tests for surface products – Part 2: Technical background and guidance
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009
7 ISO 11054 Cutting tools – Designation of high-speed steel groups ISO 19702 Toxicity testing of fire effluents – Guidance for analysis of gases and vapours in fire effluents using FTIR gas analysis
IEC/TS 60695-1-40
Fire hazard testing – Part 1-40: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products – Insulating liquids
NF X70-100-1 Fire tests – Analysis of gaseous effluents – Part 1: Methods for analysing gases stemming from thermal degradation
NF X70-100-2 Fire tests – Analysis of gaseous effluents – Part 2: Tabular furnace thermal degradation method
3
Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo naslednji izrazi in definicije.
3.1
Definicije parametrov
3.1.1 povprečna intenzivnost emisije toplote v času t
(average rate of heat emission at time t) ARHE kumulativna emisija toplote od t = 0 do t = t, deljeno s t
ARHE se izračuna, kot sledi:
Intenzivnost emisije toplote se podaja s parom podatkovnih točk (t, q), kjer je t čas in q intenzivnost emisije toplote. ARHE se izračuna (z uporabo trapezne prostorske predpostavke) po:
12112)()(−−−−+×−=∑nnnnnnnnttqqtttARHE&&
Ponavadi sta t1 = 0 in q1 = 0 oziroma se pozneje lahko priredita tako, da dosežeta te pogoje; zgornji izraz se lahko še nadalje poenostavi.
Emisija toplote v vsakem elementu časa (hn) se izračuna s predpostavljenim časom vzorčenja 2 s za gorenje, krajše od 3 minut, in 5 s za daljši čas gorenja (ISO 5660-1). Prvi grelni element se dobi iz podatkovnih točk 1 in 2 in dodeli k podatkovni točki 2 kot h2:
2)(11−−−×−=nnnnnqqtth&&)
Elementi od n = 2 do n = n se štejejo in delijo s časovnim intervalom t1 do tn:
12)(tthtARHEnnnn−=∑
3.1.2 največji povprečni porast emisije toplote (maximum average rate of heat emission)
MARHE največja vrednost ARHE v časovnem razdobju t = 0
do
t = tend
Za konusni kalorimeter (ISO 5660-1), naveden v preglednici 8 kot T03.1 in T03.2, so rezultati ARHE in MARHE izraženi v kW/m2 (porast emisije toplote na enoto prostora), medtem ko je za pohištveni kalorimeter (T06) porast emisije toplote izražen v kW.
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 8 3.1.3 specifična optična gostota dima (specific optical density of smoke) Ds(n) optična gostota v preskusni komori, pomnožena s faktorjem, ki je odvisen od instrumenta in velikosti vzorca; indeks n podaja »v času n minut med preskusom«
Ds nima dimenzije
3.1.4 kumulativna vrednost specifične optične gostote v prvih 4 minutah preskusa
(cumulative value of specific optical densities in the first 4 min of the test) VOF4 območje pod časovno funkcijo Ds(t) v preskusnem času t = 0 do t = 4 pri uporabi trapeznega območja in ob predpostavki, da je končni element (t) 1 min
Z
Ds (0) = 0
in
t = 1
2)4()3()2()1(4ssssDDDDVOF+++=
VOF4 ima dimenzijo v minutah.
3.1.5 konvencionalni indeks toksičnosti (conventional index of toxicity)
CIT specifičen pomen za določene materiale/proizvode, vendar CIT v vseh primerih vsebuje dva izraza:
CIT = [predhodni izraz] × [skupni izraz]
Skupna vrednost se dobi iz razmerja med emisijsko in referenčno stopnjo sestavin plina.
Če emisijska in referenčna stopnja nimata enake dimenzije, potem naj ima predhodna vrednost takšno dimenzijo, da se okrajša z dimenzijo skupne vrednosti: izraz CIT je vedno brez dimenzije.
Podrobnosti o izpeljavi rezultata CIT za strukturne proizvode, neuvrščene proizvode in kable so natančneje podane v dodatku C.
V okviru te tehnične specifikacije je treba analizirati naslednjih 8 sestavin plina: CO2; CO; HF; HCI; HBr; HCN; SO2; NOx.
OPOMBA 1: NOx vsebuje tako NO2 in NO, izraženo kot NO2.
Preglednica 1: Referenčna koncentracija plinskih sestavin
Plinska sestavina Referenčna koncentracija (mg/m3) CO2 72000 CO 1380 HBr 99 HCl 75 HCN 55 HF 25 NOx 38 SO2 262
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009
9 OPOMBA 2: Te referenčne vrednosti temeljijo na vrednosti IDLH, tj. srednji nevarnosti za življenje in zdravje, ki jo je Nacionalni inštitut za poklicno varnost in zdravje (NIOSH) ocenil kot najvišjo pri izpostavljenosti oseb plinskim sestavinam (verzija 1997).
3.2
Razlaga izrazov
3.2.1
Splošno
Izrazi o ognju in definicije v tej tehnični specifikaciji in tisti, ki niso opredeljeni drugače, so podani v
EN ISO 13943. Izrazi, uporabljeni v tej specifikaciji, so razloženi v preglednici 2.
Preglednica 2: Preglednica izrazov
Izraz Razlaga SklicevanjeNaslon za roke Element, ki se lahko uporablja kot podpora za roko sedeče osebe, vendar je lahko tudi del sedeža, ki določa širino sedeža. 5.3.5 Obloga Nanos tekočega ali prašnatega proizvoda, ki posušen ali vulkaniziran tvori neprekinjeno površino osnove.
Zunanjost ogrodja
Če pot do potniških prostorov ali prostorov z vlakovnim osebjem, ki jo zavzame vpliv ognja, poteka le zunaj fizičnega zunanjega oboda vozila, potem sta proizvod ali površina zunanja, v nasprotnem primeru pa notranja. Prostor med konci vozila, odpornimi proti ognju, je opredeljen kot zunanji prostor.
Uvrščeni proizvod Proizvod, naveden v preglednici 4. 4.3 Neuvrščeni proizvodi Vsi drugi proizvodi, ki niso navedeni v preglednici 4. 5.4 Material Homogena snov oziroma enotno porazdeljena zmes, npr. kovin, mineralov, lesa, betona, mineralne volne z enakomerno razdeljenim vezivom, polimeri.
Funkcionalnost primernega proizvoda Funkcionalnost primernega proizvoda je tista, ki izpolnjuje statične, dinamične in mehanske lastnosti za uporabo v določenem obratovalnem okolju (npr. temperatura, kemikalije, vlažnost) in ohranja svojo življenjsko dobo pri normalnem industrijskem vzdrževanju. 4.6 Proizvod Material oziroma sestav, za katerega se zahteva podatek.
Preskusni vzorec Preskusni vzorec je proizvod, namenjen oceni ali merjenju. Biti mora reprezentativni predstavnik proizvoda, vgrajenega v železniško vozilo.
Substrat Material ali materiali, uporabljeni neposredno pod proizvodom (podlaga).
Kabelski vodniki in kanali Podolgovati električni proizvodi, kot npr. gibljivi okrogli vodniki, trdi pravokotni kanali ali kabelske police.
3.2.2
Mejne površine in trakovi
3.2.2.1
Splošno
Površine, skladne z naslednjimi pravili, je treba opredeliti kot posamične mejne površine. Površine, ki so združene zaradi svoje neskladnosti s posameznimi pravili, je treba pri nadaljnjih analizah obravnavati kot enojno združeno površino.
Samo površine, ki so obravnavane za »mejni« položaj, je treba obravnavati kot združene površine.
SIST-TS CEN/TS 45545-2 : 2009 10 Meja med steno in stropom je pod kotom 45°.
Največje področje stropa, ki ima lahko »mejni« položaj znotraj vsakega oddelka za potnike ali vlakovno osebje, je 15 % celotnega področja stropa.
Največje področje sten (navpične površine, vključno z okni in prečnimi pregradami), ki ima lahko »mejni« položaj v vsakem potniškem oddelku ali oddelku za vlakovno osebje, je 15 % celotnega področja sten.
3.2.2.2
Stropi
Vzdolžne mejne površine s širino <200 mm (trakovi): – ne smejo imeti vzdolžnih omejitev; – morajo biti ločene od drugih mejnih površin z razdaljo >200 mm z ustreznim materialom R1.
Druge mejne površine: – morajo obsegati področje <0,20 m2; – morajo imeti največje mere v katerikoli smeri površine <1 m; – morajo biti ločene od drugih mejnih površin z ustreznim materialom R1 z razdaljo, ki je večja od dimenzije mejne površine, merjeno v isti vodoravni smeri kot smer ločevanja.
3.2.2.3
Stene
Navpične mejne površine s stransko širino <200 mm (trakovi): – ne potrebujejo največje navpične omejitve dimenzije; – morajo biti ločene od drugih mejnih površin z razdaljo >200 mm z materialom R1.
Druge mejne površine: – morajo meriti v navpični smeri največ <1 m; – morajo biti navpično navzgor ločene od drugih mejnih površin z razdaljo, ki je večja od navpičn
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