SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
(Main)Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements (ISO 9241-5:1998)
This part of ISO 9241 specifies ergonomic guiding principles which apply to the user requirements, design, and procurement of workstation equipment for office tasks using VDTs.
In particular, the general principles and requirements specified in this part of ISO 9241 apply to the standards specifying technical design of furniture and equipment constituting the workplace.
Ergonomische Anforderungen für Bürotätigkeiten mit Bildschirmgeräten - Teil 5: Anforderungen an Arbeitsplatzgestaltung und Körperhaltung (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Diese Norm spezifiziert ergonomische Leitlinien, die für die Anforderungen der Benutzer, Gestaltung und für die Beschaffung von Arbeitsplätzen für Bürotätigkeiten mit Bildschirmgeräten gelten. Derartige Leitlinien können jedoch auch auf andere Tätigkeiten angewandt werden. Die in dieser Norm spezifizierten allgemeinen Leitlinien und Anforderungen gelten für die Normen, die die technische Gestaltung der Möbel und Geräte festlegen, welche zum Arbeitsplatz gehören.
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a écrans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 5: Aménagement du poste de travail et exigences relatives aux postures (ISO 9241-5:1998)
L'IEC 60456:2010 spécifie les méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction des machines à laver le linge à usage domestique, avec ou sans dispositif de chauffage et alimentées en eau froide et/ou en eau chaude. Elle traite également des appareils à essorer le linge par la force centrifuge (essoreuses centrifuges). De même, elle est applicable aux appareils destinés à laver et sécher le linge (machines lavantes-séchantes) pour ce qui concerne leurs fonctions relatives au lavage. La présente Norme internationale couvre également les machines à laver spécifiées comme n'utilisant pas de détergent en utilisation normale.
L'aptitude à la fonction des sèche-linge est évaluée selon l'IEC 61121.
L'objet de la présente norme est d'établir et de définir les caractéristiques principales d'aptitude à la fonction des machines à laver électriques à usage domestique et de décrire les méthodes d'essai et de mesure de ces caractéristiques.
La présente Norme internationale s'applique également aux machines à laver à usage collectif dans les immeubles ou les laveries automatiques. Elle ne s'applique pas aux machines à laver des blanchisseries. La présente Norme internationale n'est pas destinée à être utilisée dans le cadre d'une évaluation comparative de détergents.
La présente Norme internationale ne spécifie pas les exigences relatives au bruit applicables aux machines à laver. Les mesures de bruit sont spécifiées dans l'IEC 60704-1 et l'IEC 60704-2-4.
La présente Norme internationale ne spécifie pas les exigences de sécurité applicables aux machines à laver. Les exigences de sécurité sont spécifiées dans l'IEC 60335-2-7.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente.
- Modification de l'exigence de masse de la charge d'essai dans le cas où la capacité assignée de la machine d'essai n'est pas déclarée. La détermination de la masse de la charge d'essai dans le cas où la capacité assignée n'est pas déclarée a été modifiée afin de supprimer l'ambiguïté de l'édition 4 et d'encourager cette déclaration.
- Introduction d'une option d'eau douce.
- Extension des salissures employées (pour l'évaluation de l'aptitude au lavage).
- Amélioration de la méthode de chargement et de pliage des articles de charge d'essai pour une meilleure adaptation aux machines à axe vertical, à axe horizontal et à double cuve.
- Révision et amendement des spécifications de la machine de référence reflétant toutes les qualifications de la nouvelle Electrolux Wascator CLS.
- Nouveaux programmes de référence pour les systèmes à axe vertical et basses températures. Nouvelle annexe informative comparant les programmes de référence aux programmes domestiques types.
- Affinage de la méthode d'efficacité du rinçage.
- Introduction de modes "arrêt" et "marche" basse puissance (pour l'évaluation de la consommation d'énergie).
- Nouvelle annexe relative à l'incertitude des mesures.
Ergonomske zahteve za pisarniško delo s slikovno zaslonsko opremo - 5. del: Ureditev delovnega mesta in zahteve za položaj telesa (ISO 9241-5:1998)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
01-junij-2001
Ergonomske zahteve za pisarniško delo s slikovno zaslonsko opremo - 5. del:
Ureditev delovnega mesta in zahteve za položaj telesa (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5:
Workstation layout and postural requirements (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Ergonomische Anforderungen für Bürotätigkeiten mit Bildschirmgeräten - Teil 5:
Anforderungen an Arbeitsplatzgestaltung und Körperhaltung (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a écrans de
visualisation (TEV) - Partie 5: Aménagement du poste de travail et exigences relatives
aux postures (ISO 9241-5:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9241-5:1999
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9241-5
First edition
1998-10-01
Ergonomic requirements for office work
with visual display terminals (VDTs) —
Part 5:
Workstation layout and postural requirements
Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux à écrans
de visualisation (TEV) —
Partie 5: Aménagement du poste de travail et exigences relatives aux
postures
A
Reference number
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Contents
Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions . 1
4 Guiding principles . 4
4.1 General considerations. 4
Versatility and flexibility .
4.2 4
4.3 Fit. 4
Postural change.
4.4 5
4.5 User information . 5
4.6 Maintainability-adaptability. 5
5 Design requirements and recommendations. 5
5.1 General. 5
5.2 Postures . 6
5.3 Ease of adjustment. 9
5.4 Support surfaces . 9
5.5 Work chair . 11
5.6 Additional support elements . 14
5.7 Layout of workstations within the work space . 15
6 Conformance . 16
7 Measurement. 16
7.1 Support surfaces . 16
7.2 Safety and stability aspects of workstations. 17
7.3 Seat height . 17
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
7.4 Castors . 17
7.5 Layout of workstations within the workspace . 17
Annex A (informative) Anthropometric data needed for workstation
design and selection . 18
Bibliography . 25
iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO 9241-5:1998(E) ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collab-
orates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 9241-5 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Sub-committee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-
system interaction, Working Group WG 3, Control, workplace and
environmental requirements.
ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic
requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs):
� Part 1: General introduction
� Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
� Part 3: Visual display requirements
� Part 4: Keyboard requirements
� Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
� Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
� Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections
� Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours
� Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices
� Part 10 Dialogue principles
� Part 11: Guidance on usability
� Part 12: Presentation of information
� Part 13: User guidance
� Part 14: Menu dialogues
� Part 15: Command dialogues
� Part 16: Direct-manipulation dialogues
�
Part 17: Form filling dialogues
Annex A of this part of ISO 9241 is for information only.
iv
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this part of ISO 9241 is to promote and enhance
performance and comfort while minimizing risks to users’ safety and health.
Users of visual display terminals (VDTs) in office work typically adopt a
range of postures (seated with leaning, upright or reclining torso, standing
or a combination of both). Workplaces which accommodate such usage
can encourage movement, promote comfort and reduce physical, mental
and visual problems.
This part of ISO 9241 is intended for use by product and workstation
designers and implementers.
While drafting the text, the concept concerning the Frankfurt Plane was
discussed but not included. The concept will be considered in a revision of
this part of ISO 9241 in due course.
v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display
terminals (VDTs) —
Part 5:
Workstation layout and postural requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 9241 specifies ergonomic guiding principles which apply to the user requirements, design, and
procurement of workstation equipment for office tasks using VDTs.
In particular, the general principles and requirements specified in this part of ISO 9241 apply to the standards
specifying technical design of furniture and equipment constituting the workplace.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 9241. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems.
ISO 9241-2:1992, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 2: Guidance
on task requirements.
ISO 9241-3:1992, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 3: Visual
display requirements.
1)
ISO 9241-6:— , Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 6: Guidance
on the work environment.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 9241, the following definitions apply.
1) To be published.
1
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
3.1
angle of view
angle between the line-of-sight and the line orthogonal to the surface of the display at the point where the line-of-
sight intersects the image surface of the display
[ISO 9241-3:1992]
3.2
anthropometry
study and measurement of the physical dimensions of the human body
3.3
armrest
support for the lower arms
3.4
back rest
part of a work chair which provides support for the back
3.5
castor
wheeled component on the bottom of furniture to facilitate appropriate movement on the floor surface
3.6
design reference posture
posture specified for the purpose of workstation design to define relative positions and dimensions
3.7
deviation
alteration from the neutral position
3.8
dynamic posture
body position which changes, with relative movements of the limbs or other parts of the human body in relation to
one another or with respect to a fixed object (such as a workstation)
3.9
extension
movement that increases the angle between two adjacent bones; hand extension is the movement of the hand in
the dorsal direction
NOTE Dorsal pertains to the back of the hand, palmar to the palm.
3.10
flexion
movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent bones; hand flexion is the movement of the hand in the
palmar direction
NOTE Palmar pertains to the palm of the hand.
3.11
gloss
the mode of appearance by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due
to the directionally selective properties of that surface
[CIE Publ. 17.4:1987; IEC 845-04-73]
3.12
gloss unit
measure for quantifying the gloss of a surface
2
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
3.13
kyphosis
convex curvature of the thoracic spine
3.14
intended user population
group of human beings for which a product or a workstation is designed
EXAMPLE Male and female workers of South-East Asian origin aged between 45 and 65 years.
3.15
line-of-sight angle
the angle between a horizontal line and the visual axis of the eye (the line connecting the point of fixation and the
centre of the pupil)
3.16
lordosis
concave curvature of the spine
3.17
lumbar
region of the back between the thorax and the pelvis
3.18
popliteal
of or pertaining to the back of the knee
3.19
posture
overall position of the body, or body parts in relation to each other, with respect to the workplace and its
components
3.20
reference plane
surface designed to support the feet
NOTE If not otherwise indicated, the reference plane is the ground. Any other level higher or lower than the ground level may
be used as a reference plane for the calculation of the height of support surfaces.
3.21
static posture
adoption of a body position which is fixed over time and where there is muscle contraction without motion
3.22
task analysis
analytical process employed to determine the specific behaviours required of people when operating equipment or
doing work
NOTE The task analysis is not a risk assessment of the workplace according to legal requirements.
3.23
workplace
arrangement of workstations allocated to one person to complete a work task
3.24
work space
volume of space allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete a work task
3
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
3.25
worksurface
surface on which equipment and task materials are used
3.26
workstation
assembly comprising display equipment with or without a central processing unit, which may be provided with a
keyboard and/or input device and/or software determining the operator/machine-interface, optional accessories,
peripherals and the immediate work environment
4 Guiding principles
4.1 General considerations
Workplace design should be preceded by an analysis of the tasks that it is to support. Such an analysis should give
information about the different tasks and sub-tasks which are performed and about the use of related equipment. It
should also identify the relative priority given to different information sources within the user’s task with respect to
placement of displays, equipment location and job aids. For example, in many data-entry tasks, viewing of the hard
copy has greater priority than viewing of the display.
The task analysis should include consideration of
a) major tasks and their inter-relationships: frequency, importance, position of visual objects, duration and type
of use of all associated equipment and their interrelationships, (see ISO 9241-2);
b) the position and use of the hands: implications for posture, reach, and device manipulation by the relative
positioning of VDT equipment and task materials, frequency, duration and complexity of movements.
For the design and selection of workplaces for VDT office tasks the following five interrelated principles apply:
— versatility-flexibility;
— fit;
— postural change;
— user information;
— maintainability-adaptability.
The statements of this clause are intended to provide general principles and guidelines underlying the requirements
and recommendations given in Clause 5.
4.2 Versatility and flexibility
Workstations should enable the intended user population to perform a range of tasks comfortably and efficiently. In
addition, workstation design should be appropriate for the range of tasks to be performed at the workstation, taking
into account user characteristics (e.g. keyboard skills, anthropometric variation and user preferences). It should also
be dependent upon usage times such that the longer the time spent at the VDT, the more important is the
observance of good workstation design.
4.3 Fit
Selection and design of furniture and equipment requires a fit to be achieved between a range of task requirements
and the needs of users. The concept of fit concerns the extent to which furniture and equipment (work chairs, work
surfaces, visual display units, input devices, etc.) can accommodate individual users’ needs.
Good fit is needed for the intended user population including users sharing workstations and users with special
needs, e.g. handicapped persons. Fit can be accomplished by furniture built for a specified use (or user), or be
provided in a range of sizes and forms or by adjustability and combinations thereof.
4
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Since, except under special circumstances, workstations cannot be custom-made for individual users, some
alternative forms of ensuring a good fit are required. The extent to which the workstation provides a good fit
between the requirements of users and their work should be of primary consideration.
4.4 Postural change
The workplace organization, the task and the furniture should encourage voluntary postural changes.
Postures adopted by users and the need for changes in posture are very markedly influenced by work organization
and in particular, task requirements.
4.5 User information
The users should be informed why and how the furniture and other devices (e.g. support for the visual display unit)
should be adjusted.
Where specific skills are required for achieving a comfortable and efficient workplace, for example in adjusting work
chair or worksurface heights or finding a satisfactory viewing distance, adequate user information and training in
such skills should be provided. It is desirable that the design of furniture should minimize the need for training and
for user information.
Guidance and training on the above factors should be given to users to ensure that they are fully acquainted with
the design and functioning of the workplace and feel competent and confident to use the workplace properly. In
particular, training should ensure that users are familiar with the mechanisms of adjustment and how to decide
when furniture adjustment for the individual user and task is needed.
4.6 Maintainability-adaptability
Requirements for task performance, in addition to workplace design, should also take into account factors such as
maintenance, accessibility, and the ability of the workplace to adapt to changing requirements.
Workstation designers should consider that access for maintenance can be accomplished easily and that disruption
to ongoing task performance is minimized.
Workstation design should also facilitate adaptation of furniture and equipment in response to changing
requirements and circumstances.
5 Design requirements and recommendations
5.1 General
This clause contains requirements and recommendations for the configuration of VDT workstations that will facilitate
comfortable and efficient operation. Subclauses 5.2 to 5.7 identify the parameters aimed at accommodating an
individual user in terms of performance requirements, body clearance, acceptable and preferred postures and
comfort.
The main factors in determining appropriate workstation arrangements are seat and worksurface, line-of-sight
angle, worksurface and keyboard height, knee clearance, forearm inclination and elbow height.
Furniture, equipment, and work environment may be designed for use in the seated or standing position and where
sitting and standing alternate. Workstations need to be capable of supporting several tasks (screen viewing,
keyboard input, non-keyboard input device usage, writing, etc.) and should therefore be designed with such
functions in mind. The philosophy taken in this part of ISO 9241 is that work organization, job content and furniture
design should encourage user movement. This means that prolonged static sitting posture is minimized and that
more or less continuous voluntary adjustments of the posture can be made.
5
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
5.2 Postures
5.2.1 Design reference posture
In order to be able to articulate acceptable requirements for comfort and performance with respect to body
dimensions it is important to specify a design reference posture for purposes of specifying anthropometric data.
While empirical evidence has indicated that the posture so specified could be comfortable for users carrying out
certain tasks over short periods, it does not represent the optimum posture or the posture to strive for.
For purposes of referring to relevant anthropometric data, the following reference posture should be used (see
annex A):
a) the thighs positioned approximately in a horizontal position and the lower legs vertical; the seat height should
be at, or a little below, the popliteal height of the user;
b) the upper arms hanging vertically with the forearms horizontal;
c) no deviation or extension of the wrists;
d) an erect spine;
e) the sole of the foot making an angle of 90° with the lower leg;
f) no twisting of the upper torso;
g) the line-of-sight between horizontal and 60° below the horizontal.
The design reference posture is shown in figure 1.
NOTE 1 The distance between the forearms and the thighs depends on body dimensions and body proportions and varies in
a wide range between humans. For a substantial percentage of persons, it is smaller than the distance shown in figure 1.
The line-of-sight in the relaxed seated position is inclined approximately by 35° below the horizontal (see figure 1).
The optimum position for the most important visual display is within – 15° in the vertical and horizontal direction from
the line-of-sight.
NOTE 2 Placing a visual display in this position can cause glare problems if certain types of luminaires are used.
In the standing position, the inclination of the line-of-sight is about 30° (see figure 2).
5.2.2 Sitting postures
The purpose of well-designed seating is to provide stable support which allows movement, comfort, and task
accomplishment. The workstation design should allow dynamic sitting (see 5.5.3).
5.2.3 Standing and sit/stand postures
The standing posture is recommended if it can alternate with a sitting position. This can be achieved if the
workplace comprises either workstations or worksurfaces for sitting and standing postures or an adjustable
workstation that can accommodate the same person in the seated and standing position (see figure 3).
For chairs used at sit/stand workstations, stability aspects apply in both the seated and standing positions.
6
---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Key
1 Horizontal
This posture serves solely for design purposes, it is not the optimum posture for sedentary work!
Figure 1 — Design reference posture for sitting position
7
---------------------- Page: 19 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
Key
1 Horizontal
Figure 2 — Design reference posture for standing position
Figure 3 — Sit/stand posture and one way a workstation may support the postural change
8
---------------------- Page: 20 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
5.3 Ease of adjustment
Furniture adjustment controls should be convenient and designed so that they encourage correct use (see 4.5). For
the design and placement of controls, the principles described in ISO 6385 apply:
— they should preferably be operable from the usual working position;
— they should not require undue force for actuation;
— they should not require any special training or special tools before adjustment can be made;
— controls should be designed to prevent unintentional actuation.
The following criteria should be considered for placing adjustment controls:
— system engineering factors, e.g. nature and frequency of use;
— placement of the equipment;
— location(s) for the performance of task elements;
— placement of the furniture with relation to walls and partitions;
— ambient environmental conditions;
— placement of additional items (filing cabinets etc.).
The controls should be designed so as not to pose a safety problem during actuation. When the controls are not in
use, they should not violate the clearance envelopes under worksurfaces specified in 5.4.2.
5.4 Support surfaces
5.4.1 General recommendations
The worksurface should provide support for the display and input devices and associated equipment and material,
as well as for the hands and arms of the user.
Support surfaces for displays and input devices and associated equipment and materials should allow adequate
clearance for the user’s anthropometric characteristics and postural changes.
For input device use, the height of the support surface should allow comfortable and efficient posture of the upper
arms, forearms and hands. The furniture should therefore be sufficiently flexible to allow postural changes and to
provide sufficient comfort to conduct the tasks efficiently. The work surface should be height adjustable, and, when
required by the task, also tiltable.
5.4.2 Clearances under worksurfaces
For seated and standing work, sufficient vertical, horizontal and lateral clearance between the torso and lower limbs
of users (legroom height, width and depth) and workstation components (underside of worksurface, desk drawers,
table legs, etc.) is needed. The considerations are for
— postural changes and comfort;
— ease of use of VDT equipment and associated tasks;
— safety (stability, structural integrity, lack of injury); and
— ease of standing and sitting.
These considerations apply to both single workstations and combinations of workstations. The main considerations
are for clearance for thighs, knees, lower legs, and feet. Furniture designed to accommodate a specified user
population shall achieve fit for the range suitable for the intended user population. This range can be covered by
applying the concept of fit. If fit (in vertical, lateral and horizontal directions) is to be achieved by adjustable surfaces
only, it shall be able to accommodate a minimum range from the 5th percentile female (at the lower setting) to the
95th percentile male (at the upper setting) of the intended user population. While designing non-adjustable furniture
9
---------------------- Page: 21 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
as industrial products, the clearance envelope for 95th percentile males shall be used. Where particularly tall or
particularly short individuals are not accommodated by such requirements, and depending upon task and criticality
factors, they can often require other approaches to fit (e.g. custom built). General guidance is given for information
in annex A.
5.4.3 Viewing distances and angles of view
The user should be able to angle, tilt, or swivel the visual display unit in such a way that she or he maintains a
relaxed working posture regardless of the eye height, minimizes accommodative effort, and avoids disturbing
reflections and glare. Height adjustment is also preferred (see figure 4). Adjustability should be achieved by
mechanisms built into the visual display unit or by special device(s) which form part of the furniture or the display
itself. It should not be dependent upon the user propping up the unit with objects such as books or manuscripts.
Mechanisms of adjustment should be intelligible, unambiguous, and easy to operate.
Key
1 Horizontal
2 Line of sight angle
3 Line of sight
4 Angle of view 40° max.
5 Surface normal
Figure 4 — Recommendations for adjustability and for angles of view
10
---------------------- Page: 22 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 9241-5:2001
©
ISO
ISO 9241-5:1998(E)
The angle of view (optimum 0°) should not exceed 40° anywhere on the active display area. Specific constraints
over viewing distances and angles should be considered in relation to users’ visual correction and age. More
importantly, viewing distances and angles should be related to task requirements and support a neutral working
posture.
5.4.4 Finish of the work surface
The finish of the work surfaces should not exceed silky matt (corresponding to 45 gloss units or to a
60°-reflectometer value of less than 20) to minimize specular reflections. Reflectance values for the visible parts of
the worksurfaces should be selected to avoid undue luminance contrast to the equipment and other items within the
field of view.
There should be no sharp edges or corners on work surfaces and their supporting framework which could cause
injury or discomfort to users. The minimum radius on edges and corners should be 2 mm. However, a larger radius
is recommended.
5.4.5 Safety and stability aspects of workstations
The level of inherent or transmitted vibrations should be as low as possible, suitable to the task and to ensure safe
and comfortable use of the workstation and equipment.
The worksurface, loaded with intended equipment, should not tip over if a person leans on any side or sits on the
edge. Parts of the equipment should not tip over when loaded with intended work items (paper, visual display units,
etc.) and operated as intended.
NOTE In many countries, there are safety and stability requirements for workstations which are mandatory and which
therefore take precedence over the recommendations in this part of ISO 9241. The methods for testing such requirements are
governed by local safety regulations.
If tables are height adjustable, the adjustment shall be stable and safe.
If drawers are part of the workstation, it shall not be possible to pull a drawer out unintentionally so that it falls.
5.4.6 Energy loss to contact surfaces
The worksurface and parts of the supporting framework which come into contact with the user during the intended
use should not allow undue loss of energy from the body or feel cold to the touch.
5.5 Work chair
5.5.1 General considerations
The purpose of good seating is to provide stable body support in a dynamic posture which is comfortable over a
period of time, physiologically satisfactory and appropriate to the task or activity which is to be performed. The
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.