SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
(Main)Optics and photonics - Microlens arrays - Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties (ISO 14880-1:2016)
Optics and photonics - Microlens arrays - Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties (ISO 14880-1:2016)
This part of ISO 14880 defines terms for microlens arrays. It applies to microlens arrays which consist
of arrays of very small lenses formed inside or on one or more surfaces of a common substrate and
systems. The aim of this part of ISO 14880 is to improve the compatibility and interchangeability of lens
arrays from different suppliers and to enhance the development of technology using microlens arrays.
Optik und Photonik - Mikrolinsenarrays - Teil 1: Begriffe und allgemeine Eigenschaften (ISO 14880-1:2016)
Dieser Teil der ISO 14880 definiert Begriffe für Mikrolinsenarrays. Er gilt für Mikrolinsenarrays, bestehend aus Arrays sehr kleiner Linsen, die innerhalb oder auf einer oder mehreren Seiten eines gemeinsamen Substrates und Systems ausgebildet sind. Das Ziel dieses Teils der ISO 14880 ist es, die Kompatibilität und die Austauschbarkeit von Linsenarrays verschiedener Hersteller zu verbessern und die Entwicklung von Technologien, die Mikrolinsenarrays verwenden, zu fördern.
Optique et photonique - Réseaux de microlentilles - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et propriétés générales (ISO 14880-1:2016)
ISO 14880-1:2016 définit les termes relatifs aux réseaux de microlentilles. Elle s'applique aux réseaux de microlentilles constitués de très petites lentilles qui composent l'intérieur ou une ou plusieurs surfaces d'un substrat commun, ainsi qu'aux systèmes. Le but de l'ISO 14880-1:2016 est d'améliorer la compatibilité et l'interchangeabilité des réseaux de lentilles provenant de différents fournisseurs et d'accroître le développement de la technologie utilisant des réseaux de microlentilles.
Optika in fotonska tehnologija - Vrste mikroleč - 1. del: Slovar in splošne lastnosti (ISO 14880-1:2016)
Ta del standarda ISO 14880 določa pogoje za vrste mikroleč. Uporablja se za vrste mikroleč, ki so sestavljene iz zelo majhnih leč znotraj ali na eni ali več površinah običajnega substrata in sistemov. Cilj tega dela standarda ISO 14880 je izboljšati združljivost in medsebojno zamenljivost vrst leč različnih dobaviteljev ter pospešiti razvoj tehnologije, ki uporablja vrste mikroleč.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
01-oktober-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2005
SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2005/AC:2009
2SWLNDLQIRWRQVNDWHKQRORJLMD9UVWHPLNUROHþGHO 6ORYDULQVSORãQHODVWQRVWL
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Optics and photonics - Microlens arrays - Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties (ISO
14880-1:2016)
Optik und Photonik - Mikrolinsenarrays - Teil 1: Begriffe und allgemeine Eigenschaften
(ISO 14880-1:2016)
Optique et photonique - Réseaux de microlentilles - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et propriétés
générales (ISO 14880-1:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ICS:
01.040.31 Elektronika (Slovarji) Electronics (Vocabularies)
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
EN ISO 14880-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.31; 31.260 Supersedes EN ISO 14880-1:2005
English Version
Optics and photonics - Microlens arrays - Part 1:
Vocabulary and general properties (ISO 14880-1:2016)
Optique et photonique - Réseaux de microlentilles - Optik und Photonik - Mikrolinsenarrays - Teil 1:
Partie 1: Vocabulaire et propriétés générales (ISO Begriffe und allgemeine Eigenschaften (ISO 14880-
14880-1:2016) 1:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 July 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14880-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
EN ISO 14880-1:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
EN ISO 14880-1:2016 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 14880-1:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 “Optics and
photonics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN
ISO 14880-1:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 123 “Lasers and photonics” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14880-1:2005.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14880-1:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14880-1:2016 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14880-1
Second edition
2016-04-01
Optics and photonics — Microlens
arrays —
Part 1:
Vocabulary and general properties
Optique et photonique — Réseaux de microlentilles —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire et propriétés générales
Reference number
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Basic definition of microlens and microlens array . 1
2.2 General terms and definitions . 1
2.3 Terms relating to properties of the microlens array . 5
2.3.1 Geometrical properties . 5
2.3.2 Optical properties . 6
3 Symbols and units of measure . 7
4 Coordinate system . 8
5 Properties of individual lenses . 9
Annex A (informative) Microlens arrays applications (1) — Telecommunications .10
Annex B (informative) Microlens arrays applications (2) — Image sensor arrays .11
Annex C (informative) Microlens arrays applications (3) — LCD projection panels .12
Annex D (informative) Microlens arrays applications (4) — Wavefront sensors .13
Annex E (informative) Microlens arrays applications (5) — stereo displays .16
Annex F (informative) Microlens arrays applications (6) — 3D imaging and light-field cameras.17
Bibliography .19
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 9,
Electro-optical systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14880-1:2001), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO 14880-1:2001/Cor 1:2003 and
ISO 14880-1:2001/Cor 2:2005.
ISO 14880 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and photonics — Microlens arrays:
— Part 1: Vocabulary and general properties
— Part 2: Test methods for wavefront aberrations
— Part 3: Test methods for optical properties other than wavefront aberrations
— Part 4: Test methods for geometrical properties
— Part 5: Guidance on testing
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
Introduction
The aim of this part of ISO 14880 is to clarify the terms used in the field of microlens arrays.
[1]
Microoptics and microlens arrays are found in many modern optical devices. They are used as
coupling optics for detector arrays, the digital camera being an example of a mass market application.
They are used to enhance the optical performance of liquid crystal displays to couple arrays of light
sources and to direct illumination for example in 2D and 3D television, mobile phone and portable
computer displays. Microlens arrays are used in wavefront sensors for optical metrology and astronomy,
lightfield sensors for three–dimensional photography and microscopy and in optical parallel processor
elements.
Multiple arrays of microlenses can be assembled to form optical systems such as optical condensers,
[2][3]
controlled diffusers and superlenses. Furthermore, arrays of microoptical elements such as micro-
[4][5]
prisms and micro-mirrors are used.
The expanded market in microlens arrays has generated a need to agree on basic terms and definitions
for microlens arrays and systems and this part of ISO 14880 aims to satisfy that need.
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
Optics and photonics — Microlens arrays —
Part 1:
Vocabulary and general properties
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14880 defines terms for microlens arrays. It applies to microlens arrays which consist
of arrays of very small lenses formed inside or on one or more surfaces of a common substrate and
systems. The aim of this part of ISO 14880 is to improve the compatibility and interchangeability of lens
arrays from different suppliers and to enhance the development of technology using microlens arrays.
2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Basic definition of microlens and microlens array
2.1.1
microlens
lens in an array with an aperture of less than a few millimetres including lenses which work by
refraction at the surface, refraction in the bulk of the substrate, diffraction or a combination of these
Note 1 to entry: The microlens can have a variety of aperture shapes: circular, hexagonal or rectangular for
example. The surface of the lens can be flat, convex or concave.
2.1.2
microlens array
regular arrangement of microlenses on a single substrate
Note 1 to entry: Irregular or structured arrays are sometimes used, for example, in beam shaping, diffusion, and
homogenization.
2.2 General terms and definitions
2.2.1
effective front focal length
f
E,f
distance from the vertex of the microlens to the position of the focus given by finding the maximum of
the power density distribution when collimated radiation is incident from the back of the substrate
Note 1 to entry: The effective front focal length can differ from the paraxial front focal length in the case of
aberrated lenses.
Note 2 to entry: The effective front focal length is different from the classical effective focal length since it is
measured from the lens vertex.
2.2.2
effective back focal length
f
E,b
distance from the back surface of the substrate or the vertex of the microlens to the position of the focal
point, when collimated radiation is incident from the lens side of the substrate
Note 1 to entry: The effective back focal length can differ from the paraxial back focal length in the case of
aberrated lenses.
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
Note 2 to entry: In case the microlens or microlenses are formed on both sides of the substrate, “effective back
focal length” is defined from the vertex of the microlens to the position of the focal point.
2.2.3
radius of curvature
R
c
distance from the vertex of the microlens to the centre of curvature of the lens surface
Note 1 to entry: The radius of curvature is expressed in millimetres.
2.2.4
wavefront aberration
Φ
rms
root mean square of deviation of the wavefront from an ideal spherical or other wavefront
Note 1 to entry: The wavefront aberration is expressed in parts of the wavelength, λ.
a) Microlens with a graded refractive index
b) Surface relief refractive microlens
c) Fresnel microlens
d) Hybrid microlens
e) Diffractive binary-optic microlens
Figure 1 — Five different types of microlens
2.2.5.1
chromatic aberration
change of the focal length with wavelength
Note 1 to entry: Chromatic aberration is characterized by the effective Abbe-number, which is given by:
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
11
−
ffλλ
( ) ( )
13
v =
eff
1
f λ
( )
2
where the values of λ , λ and λ are specified in order to correspond to current practice in optical lens
1 2 3
design; there are no units.
Note 2 to entry: At optical wavelengths, the C, D, F lines are generally used as λ < λ < λ . However, other
1 2 3
wavelengths such as the infrared spectrum can be used where appropriate.
2.2.5.2
achromatic microlens array
microlens array designed to limit the effects of chromatic aberration
Note 1 to entry: Achromatic microlens arrays are generally corrected to bring into focus in the same plane
radiation of two wavelengths, for example, red and blue light or infrared wavelengths where appropriate.
2.2.6.1
aperture shape
shape which is specified as square, circular, hexagonal, circular sector or other geometric shape
Note 1 to entry: For non-regular shapes, the vertices of the microlens aperture are to be defined by coordinates,
Xa , Ya , where j is the microlens number index and k is the vertex number index.
jk jk
2.2.6.2
geometric aperture
A
g
area in which the optical radiation passing through it is deviated towards the focused image and
contributes to it
Note 1 to entry: For graded index microlenses where no obvious boundary exists, the edge is the focus of points
at which the change of index is 10 % of the maximum value.
Note 2 to entry: The geometric aperture is expressed in square millimetres.
2.2.6.3
lens width
2a , 2a
1 2
widths of the microlens on the substrate consisting of the geometric aperture of the microlens given by
a variety of shapes such as circular, semi-rectangular, elliptical and so on
Note 1 to entry: The widths are determined by measuring the longest distance (2a ) and the shortest distance
1
(2a ) between the lens edges as shown in Figure 2. If the lens is circular symmetric, then the term diameter can
2
be used.
Note 2 to entry: Lens widths are expressed in millimetres.
2.2.6.4
diffraction-limited optical aperture
A
d
area within which the peak-to-valley wavefront aberrations are less than one quarter of the wavelength
of the radiation with which it is tested
Note 1 to entry: The diffraction-limited optical aperture is expressed in square millimetres.
2.2.6.5
geometrical numerical aperture
NA
g
sine of half the angle subtended by the aperture of the lens at the focal point
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
ISO 14880-1:2016(E)
2.2.6.6
diffraction-limited numerical aperture
NA
d
sine of half the angle subtended by the diffraction limited optical aperture of the lens at the focal point
2.2.7
focal ratio
ratio of the focal length to the lens width of the geometrical aperture
Note 1 to entry: The focal ratio is equivalent to the practical f-number.
2.2.8
imaging quality
quality of the microlens which is determined by Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) according to
ISO 15529 or the Strehl ratio
Note 1 to entry: The imaging quality should be measured in the conjugates in which the microlenses are to be
used and preferably for a range of angles of incidence.
2.2.9
focal spot size
w , w
x y
half width in the x direction and y direction, respectively, at which power density is decreased to the
2
1/e irradiance levels at the practical focus point when the microlens is irradiated with a uniform plane
wavefront
Note 1 to entry: Focal spot sizes are expressed in micrometres.
2.2.10
lenticular lens array
generally used to describe an array of cylindrical microlenses
2.2.11
beam homogenizer
one or more microlens arrays designed to shape the intensity distribution of an incident wavefront
2.2.12
structured microlens array
microlens array with regular or random geometry designed to shape an incident wavefront, often used
for applications with a broad range of wavelengths
2.2.13
condenser array
dual array of cylindrical or spherical microlenses designed to illuminate a large field at a relatively
short working distance
Note 1 to entry: For convenience, the dual arrays can be formed either side of a single substrate.
2.2.14
Gabor superlens
optical system formed from a pair of afocal microlens arrays which can have different periods and
focal lengths
Note 1 to entry: It is able to produce “integral” images which are very different from those produced by
conventional lenses.
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SIST EN ISO 14880-1:2016
IS
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