SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
(Main)Insulating liquids - Unused modified or blended esters for electrotechnical applications
Insulating liquids - Unused modified or blended esters for electrotechnical applications
This Standard defines requirements for the characterization of unused modified esters or blends of unused esters used as insulating liquids for electrotechnical applications. It does not cover liquids that contain any proportion of used liquids. The liquids covered by this document are intended mainly for transformer applications. Unused modified/synthetized esters are derived from a natural or synthetic base, or are blends of both. This document covers a variety of ester liquids not covered by other standards specific to natural esters (IEC 62770) or synthetic esters (IEC 61099). As it addresses various categories of liquids, this document also covers a wide range of values for certain performance characteristics. An important property is viscosity, which can affect the design and cooling performance of electrical equipment. A categorization is defined based on the kinematic viscosity of the different liquids. The category of low viscosity ester liquids is established.
Isolierflüssigkeiten - Neue modifizierte oder verschnittene Ester für elektrotechnische Anwendungen
Isolants liquides - Esters neufs modifiés ou mélangés pour applications électrotechniques
L'IEC 60312:2019 définit les exigences relatives à la caractérisation des esters neufs modifiés ou des mélanges d'esters neufs, utilisés comme isolants liquides pour des applications électrotechniques. Il ne couvre pas les liquides contenant une proportion quelconque de liquides usagés. Les liquides couverts par le présent document sont principalement destinés aux applications dans des transformateurs. Les esters neufs synthétiques/modifiés sont dérivés d'une base naturelle ou synthétique, ou sont des mélanges des deux. Le présent document couvre une variété de liquides à base d'esters non couverts par d'autres normes spécifiques aux esters naturels (IEC 62770) ou aux esters synthétiques (IEC 61099). Traitant d'une grande variété de liquides, le présent document couvre également une large plage de valeurs pour certaines caractéristiques de performance. La viscosité est une propriété importante qui peut influencer la conception et les performances de refroidissement du matériel électrique. Une classification est définie sur la base de la viscosité cinématique des différents liquides. La catégorie des liquides à base d'esters à faible viscosité est donc établie.
Izolacijske tekočine - Neuporabljeni modificirani ali mešani estri za uporabo v elektrotehniki
Ta standard določa zahteve za karakterizacijo neuporabljenih modificiranih estrov ali mešanic neuporabljenih estrov, ki se uporabljajo kot izolacijske tekočine za uporabo v elektrotehniki. Ne zajema tekočin, ki vsebujejo kakršen koli delež uporabljenih tekočin. Tekočine, zajete v tem dokumentu, se povečini uporabljajo za transformatorje. Neuporabljeni modificirani/sintetizirani estri so pridobljeni iz naravne ali sintetične osnove ali pa so mešanica obeh. Ta dokument zajema različne tekoče estre, ki niso zajeti v drugih standardih za naravne estre (IEC 62770) ali sintetične estre (IEC 61099). Ker obravnava različne kategorije tekočin, ta dokument zajema tudi širok razpon vrednosti določenih značilnosti delovanja. Pomembna lastnost je viskoznost, ki lahko vpliva na zasnovo in zmogljivost ohlajanja električne opreme. Kategorizacija je določena na podlagi kinematične viskoznosti različnih tekočin. Določena je kategorija za tekoče estre z nizko viskoznostjo.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
01-november-2019
Izolacijske tekočine - Neuporabljeni modificirani ali mešani estri za uporabo v
elektrotehniki
Insulating liquids - Unused modified or blended esters for electrotechnical applications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 63012:2019
ICS:
29.040.01 Izolacijski fluidi na splošno Insulating fluids in general
SIST EN IEC 63012:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 63012
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2019
ICS 29.040.10
English Version
Insulating liquids - Unused modified or blended esters for
electrotechnical applications
(IEC 63012:2019)
Isolants liquides - Esters neufs modifiés ou mélangés pour Isolierflüssigkeiten – Neue modifizierte oder verschnittene
applications électrotechniques Ester für elektrotechnische Anwendungen
(IEC 63012:2019) (IEC 63012:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-06-13. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 63012:2019 E
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
EN IEC 63012:2019 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 10/1078/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 63012, prepared by IEC/TC 10 "Fluids for
electrotechnical applications" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 63012:2019.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2020-03-13
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-06-13
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 63012:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60076-14 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-14
IEC 60296 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60296
IEC 60422 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60422
IEC 61039 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61039
IEC 61203 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61203
IEC 61868 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61868
1
IEC 62975 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62975
ISO 3015 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 3015
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 62975.
2
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
EN IEC 63012:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60156 - Insulating liquids - Determination of the breakdown - -
voltage at power frequency - Test method
IEC 60247 - Insulating liquids - Measurement of relative permittivity, EN 60247 -
dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and d.c. resistivity
IEC 60628 - Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and HD 488 S1 -
ionization
IEC 60666 - Detection and determination of specified additives in EN 60666 -
mineral insulating oils
IEC 60814 - Insulating liquids - Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard EN 60814 -
- Determination of water by automatic coulometric Karl
Fischer titration
IEC 60897 - Methods for the determination of the lightning breakdown - -
voltage of insulating liquids
IEC 61099 2010 Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic EN 61099 2010
organic esters for electrical purposes
IEC 61125 - Insulating liquids - Test methods for oxidation stability - EN IEC 61125 -
Test method for evaluating the oxidation stability of
insulating liquids in the delivered state
IEC/TR 61294 - Insulating liquids - Determination of the partial discharge - -
inception voltage (PDIV) - Test procedure
IEC 61619 - Insulating liquids - Contamination by polychlorinated EN 61619 -
biphenyls (PCBs) - Method of determination by capillary
column gas chromatography
IEC 61620 - Insulating liquids - Determination of the dielectric EN 61620 -
dissipation factor by measurement of the conductance
and capacitance - Test method
IEC 62021-3 - Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 3: Test EN 62021-3 -
methods for non-mineral insulating oils
IEC 62535 - Insulating liquids - Test method for detection of potentially EN 62535 -
corrosive sulphur in used and unused insulating oil
IEC 62697-1 - Test methods for quantitative determination of corrosive EN 62697-1 -
sulfur compounds in unused and used insulating liquids -
Part 1: Test method for quantitative determination of
dibenzyldisulfide (DBDS)
IEC 62770 - Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural EN 62770 -
esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment
IEC 62961 - Insulating liquids - Test methods for the determination of EN IEC 62961 -
interfacial tension of insulating liquids - Determination
with the ring method
3
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
EN IEC 63012:2019 (E)
ISO 2049 - Petroleum products - Determination of colour (ASTM - -
scale)
ISO 2211 - Liquid chemical products - Measurement of colour in - -
Hazen units (platinum-cobalt scale)
ISO 2592 - Petroleum products - Determination of flash and fire - -
points - Cleveland open cup method
ISO 2719 - Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup EN ISO 2719 -
method
ISO 3016 - Petroleum products - Determination of pour point EN ISO 3016 -
ISO 3104 - Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - EN ISO 3104 -
Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of
dynamic viscosity
ISO 3675 - Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - EN ISO 3675 -
Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method
ISO 12185 - Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination EN ISO-
of density - Oscillating U-tube method 12185
Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial EN 14210
tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup
or ring method
ASTM D1275 - Methods A and B: Standard test method for corrosive - -
sulfur in electrical insulating oils
ASTM D1903 - Standard practice for determining the coefficient of - -
thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids of
petroleum origin, and askarels
ASTM D3300 - Standard test method for dielectric breakdown voltage of - -
insulating oils ofpetroleum origin under impulse
conditions
ASTM D4172 - Standard test method for wear preventive characteristics - -
of lubricating fluid (four-ball method)
ASTM D7150 - Standard test method for the determination of gassing - -
characteristics of insulating liquids under thermal stress
at low temperature
ASTM D7896 - Standard test method for thermal conductivity, thermal - -
diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity of engine coolants
and related fluids by transient hot wire liquid thermal
conductivity method
ASTM E1269 - Standard test method for determining specific heat - -
capacity by differential scanning calorimetry
DIN 51350-1 - Testing of lubricants - Testing in the four-ball tester - Part - -
1: General working principles
DIN 51350-2 - Testing of lubricants - Testing in the four-ball tester - Part - -
2: Determination of welding load of liquid lubricants
DIN 51350-3 - Testing of lubricants - Testing in the four-ball tester - Part - -
3: Determination of wearing characteristics of liquid
lubricants
OECD 301-B - OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals - Section 3: - -
Environmental fate and behaviour - 301 Ready
biodegradability - 301 B: CO2 Evolution test
OECD 301-C - OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals - Section 3: - -
Environmental fate and behaviour - 301 Ready
biodegradability - 301 C: Modified MITI test
OECD 301-F - OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals - Section 3: - -
Environmental fate and behaviour - 301 Ready
biodegradability - 301 F: Manometric respirometry test
EPA 712-C-98- US EPA OPPTS Series 835: Fate, transport and - -
076 transformation test guidelines - Group C: Laboratory
biological transformation test guidelines - 835.3110
Ready biodegradability
4
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
IEC 63012
®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Insulating liquids – Unused modified or blended esters for electrotechnical
applications
Isolants liquides – Esters neufs modifiés ou mélangés pour applications
électrotechniques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.040.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6894-0
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
– 2 – IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Classification . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Fire performance classification . 10
4.3 Viscosity classification . 10
5 Properties, significance and test methods . 10
5.1 Physical properties . 10
5.1.1 Appearance . 10
5.1.2 Colour . 11
5.1.3 Viscosity . 11
5.1.4 Lubricity . 11
5.1.5 Thermal conductivity . 11
5.1.6 Thermal expansion coefficient . 11
5.1.7 Specific heat capacity . 11
5.1.8 Pour point . 11
5.1.9 Water content . 12
5.1.10 Water saturation . 12
5.1.11 Density . 12
5.1.12 Interfacial tension . 12
5.2 Electrical properties . 12
5.2.1 AC breakdown voltage . 12
5.2.2 Lightning impulse breakdown voltage . 12
5.2.3 Partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) . 13
5.2.4 Dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) . 13
5.2.5 Relative permittivity (dielectric constant) . 13
5.2.6 DC resistivity . 13
5.2.7 Electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) . 13
5.3 Chemical properties . 13
5.3.1 Acidity . 13
5.3.2 Additive content . 13
5.3.3 Corrosive and potentially corrosive sulphur compounds . 13
5.3.4 Methanol content . 14
5.4 Properties related to long term performance . 14
5.4.1 Oxidation stability . 14
5.4.2 Operating temperature . 14
5.4.3 Material compatibility . 15
5.4.4 Stray gassing . 15
5.4.5 Gassing tendency . 15
5.5 Health, safety and environmental properties . 15
5.5.1 General . 15
5.5.2 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) . 15
5.5.3 Environmental toxicity . 15
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
5.5.4 Flash point and fire point . 15
5.5.5 Sustainability . 16
5.5.6 Biodegradation . 16
5.5.7 Disposal . 16
6 Minimum performance requirements . 16
7 Identification and general delivery requirements . 16
Annex A (informative) Miscibility and compatibility of liquids and retrofilling of
transformers . 19
Bibliography . 20
Table 1 – Required performance characteristics of modified or blended esters . 17
Table 2 – Optional performance characteristics of modified or blended esters . 18
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
– 4 – IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INSULATING LIQUIDS – UNUSED MODIFIED OR BLENDED ESTERS
FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 63012 has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee 10: Fluids
for electrotechnical applications.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
10/1078/FDIS 10/1082/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019 – 5 –
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
– 6 – IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019
INTRODUCTION
Electrical insulation and heat transfer are essential functions of insulating liquids for
electrotechnical applications. Until recently, these liquids have been normally homogeneous,
selected from different categories, such as most common mineral oils or newer synthetic
esters, natural esters or silicone liquids. The continuous research for improvement of
performance characteristics of equipment drives an interest in exploring benefits from
combinations of liquids. Some known examples of desired improved characteristics include
optimized liquid cost, increased cooling performance, improved flash point, extended
insulation life or reduced environmental impacts.
Currently, international standards exist for specifically defined liquid categories (mineral oils,
synthetic esters, natural esters, silicone liquids). None of them cover chemically modified
natural ester liquids or blends of various esters. Moreover, the existing standards do not
cover synthetic esters whose characteristics may go beyond the limits defined in IEC 61099.
Some modified esters or their blends are already available as commercial products by liquid
suppliers. Examples are:
2
• Palm fatty acid ester with low viscosity of 5 mm /s at 40 °C and with flash point of 176 °C.
2
• Blend of triglycerides (50 %) and monoesters (50 %) with low viscosity of 17 mm /s at
40 °C and with flash point of 200 °C.
The number of sources for ester liquids or their blends is expected to grow over the coming
years. Such liquids need to be characterized to confirm suitability for the intended application
by the user. Performance characteristics of blends should not be solely assumed from
performance characteristics of their individual components. This document is to provide
minimum requirements on characterization of new compositions.
WARNING
This document sets performance criteria for unused modified/synthetized or blended esters
earmarked for electrical applications. This document does not purport to address all the safety
problems associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to
establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitation prior to use.
Performance of some of the tests mentioned in this document could lead to a hazardous
situation. Attention is drawn to the relevant standard test method for guidance.
The disposal of liquids, chemicals and sample containers mentioned in this document should
be carried out in accordance with current local and national legislation with regards to the
impact on the environment. Every precaution should be taken to prevent the release of the
liquid into the environment.
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019 – 7 –
INSULATING LIQUIDS – UNUSED MODIFIED OR BLENDED ESTERS
FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS
1 Scope
This document defines requirements for the characterization of unused modified esters or
blends of unused esters used as insulating liquids for electrotechnical applications. It does not
cover liquids that contain any proportion of used liquids.
The liquids covered by this document are intended mainly for transformer applications.
Unused modified/synthetized esters are derived from a natural or synthetic base, or are
blends of both. This document covers a variety of ester liquids not covered by other standards
specific to natural esters (IEC 62770) or synthetic esters (IEC 61099).
As it addresses various categories of liquids, this document also covers a wide range of
values for certain performance characteristics. An important property is viscosity, which can
affect the design and cooling performance of electrical equipment. A categorization is defined
based on the kinematic viscosity of the different liquids. The category of low viscosity ester
liquids is established.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60156, Insulating liquids – Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency –
Test method
IEC 60247, Insulating liquids – Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation
factor (tan δ) and d.c. resistivity
IEC 60666, Detection and determination of specified additives in mineral insulating oils
IEC 60628, Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization
IEC 60814, Insulating liquids – Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard – Determination of
water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
IEC 60897, Methods for the determination of the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of
insulating liquids
IEC 61099:2010, Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
IEC 61125, Insulating liquids – Test methods for oxidation stability – Test method for
evaluating the oxidation stability of insulating liquids in the delivered state
IEC TR 61294, Insulating liquids – Determination of the partial discharge inception voltage
(PDIV) – Test procedure
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SIST EN IEC 63012:2019
– 8 – IEC 63012:2019 © IEC 2019
IEC 61619, Insulating liquids – Contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – Method
of determination by capillary column gas chromatography
IEC 61620, Insulating liquids – Determination of the dielectric dissipation factor by
measurement of the conductance and capacitance – Test method
IEC 62021-3, Insulating liquids – Determination of acidity – Part 3: Test methods for non-
mineral insulating oils
IEC 62535, Insulating liquids – Test method for detection of potentially corrosive sulphur in
used and unused insulating oil
IEC 62697-1, Test method for quantitative determination of corrosive sulfur compounds in
unused and used insulating liquids – Part 1: Test method for quantitative determination of
dibenzyldisulfide (DBDS)
IEC 62770, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Unused natural esters for transformers
and similar electrical equipment
IEC 62961, Insulating liquids – Test methods for the determination of interfacial tension of
insulating liquids – Determination with the ring method
ISO 2049, Petroleum products – Determination of colour (ASTM scale)
ISO 2211, Liquid chemical products – Measurement of colour in Hazen u
...
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