SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
(Main)Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Vocabulary (ISO 22739:2020)
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Vocabulary (ISO 22739:2020)
This document provides fundamental terminology for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.
Blockchain und Technologien für verteilte elektronische Journale - Vokabular (ISO 22739:2020)
Dieses Dokument stellt die grundlegende Terminologie zu Blockchain und verteilten elektronischen Journalen bereit.
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués - Vocabulaire (ISO 22739:2020)
Le présent document contient la terminologie fondamentale relative aux technologies de chaîne de blocs et de registre distribué.
Blockchain in tehnologije porazdeljenih evidenc - Slovar (ISO 22739:2020)
Ta dokument vsebuje temeljno terminologijo za tehnologije veriženja blokov in distribuirane knjige transakcij.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
01-april-2023
Blockchain in tehnologije porazdeljenih evidenc - Slovar (ISO 22739:2020)
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Vocabulary (ISO 22739:2020)
Blockchain und Technologien für verteilte elektronische Journale - Vokabular (ISO
22739:2020)
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués - Vocabulaire (ISO 22739:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22739:2022
ICS:
01.040.35 Informacijska tehnologija. Information technology
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
35.030 Informacijska varnost IT Security
35.040.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kodiranjem informacij information coding
35.240.40 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in banking
bančništvu
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 22739
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2022
ICS 35.240.40; 01.040.35; 35.030; 35.240.99
English version
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies -
Vocabulary (ISO 22739:2020)
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués - Blockchain und Technologien für verteilte
Vocabulaire (ISO 22739:2020) elektronische Journale - Vokabular (ISO 22739:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 October 2022.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. EN ISO 22739:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
EN ISO 22739:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Endorsement notice . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
EN ISO 22739:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 22739:2020 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 307 "Blockchain and
distributed ledger technologies” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has
been taken over as EN ISO 22739:2022 by Technical Committee CEN-CENELEC/ JTC 19 “Blockchain and
Distributed Ledger Technologies” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN-CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN and CENELEC websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22739:2020 has been approved by CEN-CENELEC as EN ISO 22739:2022 without any
modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22739
First edition
2020-07
Blockchain and distributed ledger
technologies — Vocabulary
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 22739:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .10
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 307, Blockchain and distributed ledger
technologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Introduction
This document defines basic terms relating to blockchain and distributed ledger technologies to clarify
the meaning of terms and concepts used in other document within the domain of ISO/TC 307 standards.
Clear, consistent and coherent standards require clear, consistent and coherent terminology. This
document follows rules and guidelines set by ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology, for terminology
standards.
This document applies to all types of organizations (e.g., commercial enterprises, government
agencies, not-for-profit organizations). The target audience includes but is not limited to academics,
solution architects, customers, users, tool developers, regulators, auditors and standards development
organizations.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22739:2020(E)
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies —
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document provides fundamental terminology for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
asset
anything that has value to a stakeholder
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19299:2015, 3.3, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.2
block
structured data comprising block data (3.3) and a block header (3.4)
3.3
block data
structured data comprising zero or more transaction records (3.79) or references to transaction
records (3.79)
3.4
block header
structured data that includes a cryptographic link (3.16) to the previous block (3.2) unless there is no
previous block (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: A block header can also contain a timestamp (3.75), a nonce (3.51), and other DLT platform (3.29)
specific data, including a hash value (3.39) of corresponding transaction records (3.79).
3.5
block reward
reward given to miners (3.48) or validators (3.83) after a block (3.2) is confirmed (3.8) in a blockchain
system (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: A reward can be in the form of a token (3.76) or cryptocurrency (3.14).
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
3.6
blockchain
distributed ledger (3.22) with confirmed blocks (3.9) organized in an append-only, sequential chain using
cryptographic links (3.16)
Note 1 to entry: Blockchains are designed to be tamper resistant and to create final, definitive and immutable
(3.40) ledger records (3.44).
3.7
blockchain system
system that implements a blockchain (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: A blockchain system is a type of DLT system (3.30).
3.8
confirmed
accepted by consensus (3.11) for inclusion in a distributed ledger (3.22)
3.9
confirmed block
block (3.2) that has been confirmed (3.8)
3.10
confirmed transaction
transaction (3.77) that has been confirmed (3.8)
3.11
consensus
agreement among DLT nodes (3.27) that 1) a transaction (3.77) is validated (3.81) and 2) that the
distributed ledger (3.22) contains a consistent set and ordering of validated (3.81) transactions (3.77)
Note 1 to entry: Consensus does not necessarily mean that all DLT nodes (3.27) agree.
Note 2 to entry: The details regarding consensus differ among DLT (3.23) designs and this is a distinguishing
characteristic between one design and another.
3.12
consensus mechanism
rules and procedures by which consensus (3.11) is reached
3.13
crypto-asset
digital asset (3.20) implemented using cryptographic techniques
3.14
cryptocurrency
crypto-asset (3.13) designed to work as a medium of value exchange
Note 1 to entry: Cryptocurrency involves the use of decentralized control and cryptography (3.17) to secure
transactions (3.77), control the creation of additional assets (3.1), and verify the transfer of assets (3.1).
3.15
cryptographic hash function
function mapping binary strings of arbitrary length to binary strings of fixed length, such that it is
computationally costly to find for a given output an input that maps to the output, it is computationally
infeasible to find for a given input a second input that maps to the same output, and it is computationally
infeasible to find any two distinct inputs that map to the same output
Note 1 to entry: Computational feasibility depends on the specific security requirements and environment.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 22739:2023
ISO 22739:2020(E)
3.16
cryptographic link
reference, constructed using a cryptographic hash function (3.15) technique, that points to data
Note 1 to entry: A cryptographic link is used in the block header (3.4) to reference the previous block (3.2) in
order to create the append-only, sequential chain that forms a blockchain (3.6).
3.17
cryptography
discipline that embodies the principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to
hide their
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
01-september-2022
Blokovno veriženje in tehnike razpršenih glavnih knjig - Slovar (ISO 22739:2020)
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Vocabulary (ISO 22739:2020)
Blockchain und Technologien für verteilte elektronische Journale - Vokabular (ISO
22739:2020)
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués - Vocabulaire (ISO 22739:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22739
ICS:
01.040.35 Informacijska tehnologija. Information technology
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
35.030 Informacijska varnost IT Security
35.040.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kodiranjem informacij information coding
35.240.40 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in banking
bančništvu
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22739
First edition
2020-07
Blockchain and distributed ledger
technologies — Vocabulary
Chaîne de blocs et technologies de registres distribués — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 22739:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .10
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 307, Blockchain and distributed ledger
technologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
Introduction
This document defines basic terms relating to blockchain and distributed ledger technologies to clarify
the meaning of terms and concepts used in other document within the domain of ISO/TC 307 standards.
Clear, consistent and coherent standards require clear, consistent and coherent terminology. This
document follows rules and guidelines set by ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology, for terminology
standards.
This document applies to all types of organizations (e.g., commercial enterprises, government
agencies, not-for-profit organizations). The target audience includes but is not limited to academics,
solution architects, customers, users, tool developers, regulators, auditors and standards development
organizations.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22739:2020(E)
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies —
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document provides fundamental terminology for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
asset
anything that has value to a stakeholder
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19299:2015, 3.3, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.2
block
structured data comprising block data (3.3) and a block header (3.4)
3.3
block data
structured data comprising zero or more transaction records (3.79) or references to transaction
records (3.79)
3.4
block header
structured data that includes a cryptographic link (3.16) to the previous block (3.2) unless there is no
previous block (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: A block header can also contain a timestamp (3.75), a nonce (3.51), and other DLT platform (3.29)
specific data, including a hash value (3.39) of corresponding transaction records (3.79).
3.5
block reward
reward given to miners (3.48) or validators (3.83) after a block (3.2) is confirmed (3.8) in a blockchain
system (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: A reward can be in the form of a token (3.76) or cryptocurrency (3.14).
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
3.6
blockchain
distributed ledger (3.22) with confirmed blocks (3.9) organized in an append-only, sequential chain using
cryptographic links (3.16)
Note 1 to entry: Blockchains are designed to be tamper resistant and to create final, definitive and immutable
(3.40) ledger records (3.44).
3.7
blockchain system
system that implements a blockchain (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: A blockchain system is a type of DLT system (3.30).
3.8
confirmed
accepted by consensus (3.11) for inclusion in a distributed ledger (3.22)
3.9
confirmed block
block (3.2) that has been confirmed (3.8)
3.10
confirmed transaction
transaction (3.77) that has been confirmed (3.8)
3.11
consensus
agreement among DLT nodes (3.27) that 1) a transaction (3.77) is validated (3.81) and 2) that the
distributed ledger (3.22) contains a consistent set and ordering of validated (3.81) transactions (3.77)
Note 1 to entry: Consensus does not necessarily mean that all DLT nodes (3.27) agree.
Note 2 to entry: The details regarding consensus differ among DLT (3.23) designs and this is a distinguishing
characteristic between one design and another.
3.12
consensus mechanism
rules and procedures by which consensus (3.11) is reached
3.13
crypto-asset
digital asset (3.20) implemented using cryptographic techniques
3.14
cryptocurrency
crypto-asset (3.13) designed to work as a medium of value exchange
Note 1 to entry: Cryptocurrency involves the use of decentralized control and cryptography (3.17) to secure
transactions (3.77), control the creation of additional assets (3.1), and verify the transfer of assets (3.1).
3.15
cryptographic hash function
function mapping binary strings of arbitrary length to binary strings of fixed length, such that it is
computationally costly to find for a given output an input that maps to the output, it is computationally
infeasible to find for a given input a second input that maps to the same output, and it is computationally
infeasible to find any two distinct inputs that map to the same output
Note 1 to entry: Computational feasibility depends on the specific security requirements and environment.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
3.16
cryptographic link
reference, constructed using a cryptographic hash function (3.15) technique, that points to data
Note 1 to entry: A cryptographic link is used in the block header (3.4) to reference the previous block (3.2) in
order to create the append-only, sequential chain that forms a blockchain (3.6).
3.17
cryptography
discipline that embodies the principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to
hide their semantic content, prevent their unauthorized use, or prevent their undetected modification
[SOURCE: ISO 7498-2:1989, 3.3.20, modified — the NOTE has been removed.]
3.18
decentralized application
DApp
application that runs on a decentralized system (3.19)
3.19
decentralized system
distributed system (3.32) wherein control is distributed among the persons or organizations
participating in the operation of the system
Note 1 to entry: In a decentralized system, the distribution of control among persons or organizations
participating in the system is determined by the system’s design.
3.20
digital asset
asset (3.1) that exists only in digital form or which is the digital representation of another asset (3.1)
3.21
digital signature
data which, when appended to a digital object, enable the user of the digital object to authenticate its
origin and integrity
[SOURCE: ISO 14641:2018, 3.17, modified —"digital document" has been replaced with "digital object".]
3.22
distributed ledger
ledger (3.43) that is shared across a set of DLT nodes (3.27) and synchronized between the DLT nodes
using a consensus mechanism (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: A distributed ledger is designed to be tamper resistant, append-only and immutable (3.40)
containing confirmed (3.8) and validated (3.81) transactions (3.77).
3.23
DLT
distributed ledger technology
technology that enables the operation and use of distributed ledgers (3.22)
3.24
DLT account
distributed ledger technology account
representation of an entity (3.34) participating in a transaction (3.77)
Note 1 to entry: A smart contract (3.72), digital asset (3.20), or one or more private keys (3.62), for example, can
be associated with a DLT account.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22739:2022
ISO 22739:2020(E)
3.25
DLT address
distributed ledger technology address
value that identifies a DLT account (3.24) participating in a transaction (3.77)
3.26
DLT network
distributed ledger technology network
network of DLT nodes (3.27) which make up a DLT system (3.30)
3.27
DLT node
distributed ledger technology node
node
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.