SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
(Main)Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
This European Standard specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the active interface (wheel flange and the gauge face of the rail/ back of wheel and check rail).
It outlines the information required for most approval procedures, the method of testing and routine control/monitoring of the lubricant.
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 2-1 : Eigenschaften und Merkmale - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
Dieses Dokument legt die Eigenschaften und Merkmale von Schmierstoffen fest, die auf die Kontaktfläche zwischen Spurkranz und Schienenflanke sowie die Kontaktfläche zwischen Radlenker und Rückseite des Rades entweder direkt oder indirekt auf den Spurkranz oder die Schiene aufgetragen werden, und umfasst sowohl fahrzeugseitige als auch gleisseitige Lösungen.
Es beschreibt die erforderlichen Informationen für die meisten Genehmigungsverfahren, das Prüfverfahren und die regelmäßige Kontrolle/Überwachung des Schmierstoffs.
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Partie 2-1: Propriétés et caractéristiques - Lubrification des boudins de roues
Le présent document spécifie les propriétés et caractéristiques des lubrifiants destinés à la lubrification de l'interface boudin de roue/rail (interface active), directement ou indirectement sur le boudin de roue ou sur le rail. Deux types de solutions sont suggérés : les systèmes embarqués et les systèmes de voie.
Il précise également les informations nécessaires à la plupart des procédures de validation, la méthode d'essai et les tâches de contrôle/surveillance de routine du lubrifiant.
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 2-1. del: Lastnosti in značilnosti - Maziva za prirobnice
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve glede maziv za mazanje aktivnega vmesnika (kolesna prirobnica in tirna širina tirnice/zadnjega dela kolesa ter vodilna tirnica).
Podaja informacije, ki se zahtevajo pri večini postopkov odobritve, preskusno metodo in rutinsko kontrolo/spremljanje maziva.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
01-julij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16028:2012
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 2-1. del: Lastnosti in značilnosti
- Maziva za prirobnice
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and
Characteristics - Flange lubricants
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 2-1 :
Eigenschaften und Merkmale - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Partie 2-1: Propriétés et
caractéristiques - Lubrification des boudins de roues
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15427-2-1:2022
ICS:
21.260 Mazalni sistemi Lubrication systems
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.040; 75.100 Supersedes EN 16028:2012
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
roue/rail - Partie 2-1: Propriétés et caractéristiques - Rad und Schiene - Teil 2 1: Eigenschaften und
Lubrification des boudins de roues Merkmale - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15427-2-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Design requirements . 8
5 Technical specification and product approval . 8
5.1 Introduction . 8
5.2 Product specification . 8
5.3 Technical file . 8
6 Control and monitoring of product. 9
6.1 Manufacturing process . 9
6.2 Composition of lubricant . 9
6.3 Routine tests . 9
6.4 Additional measures . 9
7 Technical datasheet . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Grease-based lubricant characteristics . 9
7.3 Oil-based lubricant characteristics . 9
7.4 Solid-based lubricant characteristics . 9
8 Packaging, labelling and storage . 10
Annex A (normative) Requirements for lubricants and testing . 11
Annex B (informative) Water wash-off test . 21
Annex C (informative) Corrosion test on steel . 23
Annex D (informative) Behaviour at an elevated temperature – adhesion on steel sheet . 25
Annex E (informative) Determination of the volatile constituents in greases . 27
Annex F (informative) Peak forming and droop . 29
Annex G (informative) Functional test on specific equipment . 32
Annex H (informative) Solid flange lubricant stick testing and starvation test on twin-disc
machine . 38
Annex I (informative) Mini Traction Machine creep curve test . 44
Bibliography . 53
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 15427-2-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
Applciations”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16028:2012.
This document is part of the following series:
— EN 15427-1-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-1: Equipment and
Application – Flange lubrication
— CEN/TS 15427-1-2, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-2: Equipment and
Application – Top of Rail materials
— CEN/TS 15427-1-3, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and
Application – Adhesion materials
— EN 15427-2-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and
Characteristics – Flange lubricants
— CEN/TS 15427-2-2, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-2: Properties and
Characteristics – Top of Rail materials
— CEN/TS 15427-2-3, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-3: Properties and
Characteristics – Adhesion materials
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes the following aspects:
— lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or rail
lubrication”;
— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface; commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”;
— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread, commonly
referred to as “top of rail friction management”;
— altering the level of adhesion at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread.
This document sets out requirements for the lubricant for flange or rail lubrication. It specifies
requirements for the lubricant, how to test it and how to approve it.
Lubricants should be tested to confirm there is:
— compatibility with lubricating systems;
— no intolerable increased risk of fire;
— accordance with relevant environmental requirements;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants in use, particularly between solid and fluid
systems;
— satisfactory and consistent product quality and performance;
— no degradation to the safety of the railway (braking, signalling).
The main purpose of the lubricant is to reduce friction and wear and reduce the risk of flange climb
derailment.
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the properties and characteristics of lubricants applied to the interface between
the wheel flange and the gauge face of the rail, and contact area between the check rail face and the back
of the wheel (active interface), either directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or to the rail, and includes
both trainborne and trackside solutions.
It outlines the information required for most approval procedures, the method of testing and routine
control/monitoring of the lubricant.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10130, Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery conditions
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness) (ISO 868)
EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion
method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1)
EN ISO 2592, Petroleum and related products - Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup
method (ISO 2592)
EN ISO 3146, Plastics - Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-
crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods (ISO 3146)
EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density -
Hydrometer method (ISO 3675)
EN ISO 7827, Water quality - Evaluation of the “ready”, “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability of organic
compounds in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (ISO 7827)
EN ISO 9408, Water quality - Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in
aqueous medium by determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 9408)
EN ISO 9439, Water quality - Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in
aqueous medium - Carbon dioxide evolution test (ISO 9439)
EN ISO 10707, Water quality - Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the “ultimate” aerobic biodegradability
of organic compounds - Method by analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (closed bottle test) (ISO 10707)
EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube
method (ISO 12185)
EN ISO 20623, Petroleum and related products - Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear
properties of lubricants - Four-ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623)
ISO 760, Determination of water — Karl Fischer method (General method)
ISO 2137, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of cone penetration of lubricating greases
and petrolatum
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
ISO 2176, Petroleum products — Lubricating grease — Determination of dropping point
ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method
ISO 22285, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of oil separation from grease — Pressure
filtration method
ISO 6072, Rubber — Compatibility between hydraulic fluids and standard elastomeric materials
ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification — Part 99: General
ISO 13737, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of low-temperature cone penetration of
lubricating greases
DIN 51631, Mineral spirits — Special boiling point spirits — Requirements
DIN 51807-1, Testing of lubricants — Test of the behaviour of lubricating greases in the presence of water
— Part 1: Static test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
lubricant
substance designed to alter friction at the active interface
3.2
oil
liquid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Oil can be mineral, natural or synthetic in origin and can have additives included.
3.3
grease
semi-solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Grease consists of a thickener and additives integrated in a lubricating oil.
3.4
stick
encapsulated solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the stick comprises a solid lubricant which is encapsulated in a polymeric binder/carrier.
The product is designed for direct contact with a rotating wheel flange; the polymeric binder has a sufficiently high
melting point such that it does not melt, but rather wears when in contact with the wheel flange to ensure
dimensional stability.
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
3.5
batch
entire content of a single identified production of lubricant from the same manufacturing process
3.6
active interface
contact area between wheel flange and the gauge face of the rail and contact area between the check rail
face and the back of the wheel
Note 1 to entry: For more information on this definition, see EN 15427-1-1.
3.7
flange lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the wheel flange
3.8
rail lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the rail gauge side face
3.9
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means of control
3.10
trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage containers
and a means of control
3.11
operating temperature
temperature range in which the lubricant can be applied effectively
3.12
creep
slip
measure of the relative displacement or motion of the wheel against the rail, usually caused by imperfect
steering of a bogie in a curve
Note 1 to entry: Creep is usually expressed as a percentage of the rolling displacement.
Note 2 to entry: Creep can be longitudinal, lateral or in a spin direction relative to the rail.
3.13
product specification
document prepared by the customer that describes the conditions and requirements for the adhesion
material to meet and the tests to validate it
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
4 Design requirements
The lubricant shall be designed to meet at least one of the following:
— reduction in noise and vibration;
— reduction in the rate of wear;
When applied within the specified limits, the lubricant shall not compromise the safety of the railway (i.e
braking distances, signalling systems, etc.).
NOTE Specified limits are normally understood and agreed between relevant parties before use of lubricant.
5 Technical specification and product approval
5.1 Introduction
This clause outlines the information required to gain product approval on most railway networks. It does
not cover its performance on the railway.
5.2 Product specification
The product specification shall be fully documented and shall consider the following information:
a) purpose of the lubricant;
b) conformity to the applicable type tests as set out in Tables A.1 to A.3;
c) conformance with other relevant local requirements, (such as environmental, fire, toxicity, etc.);
d) application data:
1) including equipment with which it can be used, (see Annex G - I);
2) operating temperatures;
e) additional validation tests, (see Table A.4);
f) any previous relevant experience, (i.e. use in other countries);
g) conditions for packaging and labelling, (see Clause 8);
h) environmental tests, as defined in Tables A.1 to A.3.
NOTE Where legislation and regulations (European, national or local) concerning ecological and
environmental compatibility of lubricants (biodegrability, toxicity, etc.) are applicable, consideration will need to
be given to the relevant requirements.
5.3 Technical file
A file of technical data showing compliance with the requirements in the product specification, and the
results of type tests and trials shall be provided. A technical datasheet shall also be provided (see
Clause 7).
A material safety data sheet for the product in the language of the interested customer or country shall
be included.
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
6 Control and monitoring of product
6.1 Manufacturing process
If the manufacturing process is changed in a way that can affect the properties or characteristics of the
lubricant, the new process shall be documented and the customer shall be notified.
NOTE In some cases, this leads to a new approval being required.
6.2 Composition of lubricant
If the composition of the lubricant is changed in any way that affects its properties or characteristics, it
shall be documented and the customer shall be notified.
NOTE In some cases, this leads to a new approval being required.
6.3 Routine tests
Routine tests ensure product consistency from batch to batch.
The routine tests are listed in Tables A1 to A3. If additional tests are required, (such as those not included
in the tables or a type test), these and their frequency should be agreed between the client and supplier.
The sample of lubricant assessed for quality testing shall have been manufactured in a regular production
batch. The entire sample of material used for the routine tests shall be taken from the same production
batch and delivered in a single consignment.
The results of the routine tests shall be recorded.
6.4 Additional measures
Retention of test records and samples, witnessing of tests, calibration of test equipment shall be
considered.
7 Technical datasheet
7.1 General
The technical datasheet shall include the individual identifying code or name of the lubricant, a
description of the product’s field of use and typical means of application. For each lubricant type, the
information in the following subclauses shall also be included.
7.2 Grease-based lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its consistency, its temperature range, the type of thickener and type
of base oil used. Where solid particulates are used, the type and content shall be reported. Further
technical data shall be provided as listed under the ‘Datasheet’ column in Table A.1.
7.3 Oil-based lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its viscosity, its temperature range and by the type of oil used. Where
solid particulates are used the type and content shall be reported. Further technical data shall be provided
as listed under the ‘Datasheet’ column in Table A.2.
7.4 Solid-based lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its melting point, hardness, dimensions and its temperature range.
Further technical data shall be provided as listed under the ‘Datasheet’ column in Table A.3.
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
The product shall be designed to minimize stick debris on the ballast.
8 Packaging, labelling and storage
The packaging shall protect the contents from contamination and damage.
The labelling shall include at least the following:
— supplier’s name;
— brand name and/or code of the lubricant;
— batch number and date of manufacture, uncoded or coded;
— net mass/quantity/volume.
NOTE Local regulatory requirements will apply.
The following additional information shall be included, if specified in the product specification:
— customer stock number;
— an indication that the batch has been accepted by the customer.
The storage conditions and, if necessary, the date limit of use of the lubricant shall be provided.
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Requirements for lubricants and testing
A.1 Explanation of Tables A.1 to A.4
The tables have two purposes:
1) Tests to show the product can be used in the railway environment;
2) Product consistency.
For each required property of the lubricants, Tables A.1, A.2 and A.3 list the mandatory and optional tests
for grease, oil and sticks respectively, and the parameters for trainborne and trackside applications. The
optional tests required by the customer shall be listed in the product specification. Although used, oil–
based lubricants have not been included for trackside applications as the usage is low.
Table A.4 lists additional tests to check the performance characteristics of the lubricants and that the
lubricant will operate correctly with the equipment with which it is to be used.
A.2 Key to Tables A.1 to A.4, columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Datasheet’
The key to the columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Datasheet’ in Tables A.1 to A.4 is as follows:
— ‘Type’: This indicates the type tests required for the purpose of approval testing (see 6.1 and 6.2).
— ‘Routine’: This indicates the routine tests required for testing from approved mass-produced batches
(see 6.3).
— ‘Datasheet’: This indicates the characteristics to be listed in the product documentation.
In each column, a symbol is used to indicate the required test or information:
— ‘X’ indicates that the test or piece of information is mandatory;
— ‘O’ indicates that the test or piece of information is optional.
A.3 Key to Tables A.1 to A.4, column ‘Use’
Tables A.1 to A.4 include a column headed ‘Use’ and the letters used mean the following:
— A = Trainborne, using oil or grease–based lubricants;
— B = Trackside, using grease-based lubricants;
— C = Trainborne, using a solid lubricant.
This column identifies the most common systems in current use. Most trainborne equipment sprays the
lubricant in the form of a free-flowing grease or thin oil, and most trackside equipment pumps it in the
form of a thicker grease. However, where alternatives exist, careful consideration to the tests required is
needed.
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Table A.1 — Requirements for greases
Item Property Use Unit Test method Values Type Routine Datasheet Comments
A.1.1 Appearance A and B - Visual Homogenous X X X Appearance is a general
assessment of the product
A.1.2 Colour A and B - Visual Homogenous X O X
A.1.3 Consistency A - ISO 6743-99 Typically 00–000 X X X
B - ISO 6743-99 Typically 1 X X X
Un-worked grease
A.1.4.1 A
penetration at:
a) 25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 2137 Typically 400 to X O
475
b) 0 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 ≥ 350 X O
c) −25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 ≥ 300 X O
A.1.4.2 Un-worked grease B
penetration at:
a) 25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 2137 Informative – no X O
criteria
b) 0 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 Informative – no X O
criteria
c) −25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 Informative – no X O
criteria
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SIST EN 15427-2-1:2022
EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Item Property Use Unit Test method Values Type Routine Datasheet Comments
A.1.6 Drop point B °C ISO 2176 Higher than X X X
operating range
upper limit
A.1.7 Flash point A and B °C EN ISO 2592 ≥ 200 X X
A.1.8 Water content A and B % mass ISO 760 or Informative – no O O
ISO 3733 criteria
A.1.9 Water resistance at 40 °C A Level DIN 51807-1 1 O O O
B Level DIN 51807-1 1 X O X
A.1.10 Adhesion to sheet steel A Stage Annex D 1 O O O
(0,05 mm, 24 h at B Stage Annex D 1 O O O
temperature agreed
between client and
supplier)
A.1.11 Volatile components (24 h A and B % mass Annex E ≤ 10 O O O
at 60 °C)
A.1.12 Oil separation / “bleeding”
A.1.12.1 (18 h at 40 °C) A % mass ISO 22285 ≤ 5 X O With 100 g weight
A.1.12.2 (168 h [7 days] at B % mass ISO 22285 5 % maximum by X O With 100 g weight
40 °C) weight for NLGI
No.2 grease &
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Item Property Use Unit Test method Values Type Routine Datasheet Comments
7 % maximum by
weight for a NLGI
No.1 grease
A.1.13 Corrosion test
a) Steel A Level Annex C 1 O O O
B Rating ISO 11007-1 and 0; 0 O O O
ISO 11007-2 using
water
b) Copper A and B Grade DIN 51811 1 O O O
24 h at 50 °C
A.1.14 Compatibility with A and B Where applicable
elastomers (60 °C for 168
h)
a) Change in volume for NBR1 % ISO 6072 +15/-0 O Other elastomer types may be
tested as necessary
b) Change in hardness for IRHD ISO 6072 ±8 O Other elastomer types may be
NBR1 tested as necessary
A.1.15 Identity testing: A and B Standard laboratory For routine tests X X Applicable standards:
method. compare with
Using Infrared, or DIN 51418-1
approved batch
(See comments for
Xray fluorescence, or DIN 51418-2
using same process
applicable standards)
Inductively coupled plasma DIN 51451
emission spectroscopy
DIN 51820-1
A.1.16 Apparent viscosity A
(1° cone, s = 300 s,
−1
D = 1 000 s ) at:
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EN 15427-2-1:2022 (E)
Item Property Use Unit Test method Values Type Routine Datasheet Comments
a) 25 °C mPa·s DIN 51810-1 ≥
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15427-2-1:2020
01-december-2020
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 2-1. del: Lastnosti in značilnosti
- Maziva za prirobnice
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and
Characteristics - Flange lubricants
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 2-1 :
Eigenschaften und Merkmale - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Partie 2-1: Propriétés et
caractéristiques - Lubrification des boudins de roues
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15427-2-1
ICS:
21.260 Mazalni sistemi Lubrication systems
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
oSIST prEN 15427-2-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15427-2-1:2020
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oSIST prEN 15427-2-1:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15427-2-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2020
ICS 45.040; 75.100 Will supersede EN 16028:2012
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
roue/rail - Partie 2-1: Propriétés et caractéristiques - Rad und Schiene - Teil 2-1 : Eigenschaften und
Lubrification des boudins de roues Merkmale - Spurkranzschmierstoffe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15427-2-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Lubricant requirements . 8
5 General requirements . 9
5.1 Introduction . 9
5.2 Product specification . 9
5.3 Technical file . 9
6 Control and monitoring of product . 10
6.1 Manufacturing process . 10
6.2 Composition of lubricant . 10
6.3 Routine tests . 10
6.4 Additional measures . 10
7 Technical datasheet. 10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Grease type lubricant characteristics . 10
7.3 Oil type lubricant characteristics . 10
7.4 Solid type lubricant characteristics . 11
8 Packaging, labelling and storage . 11
Annex A (normative) Requirements for lubricants and testing . 12
A.1 Explanation of Annex A: Tables A.1 to A.4 . 12
A.2 Key to Annex A table columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Datasheet’ . 12
A.3 Key to Annex A table column ‘Use’ . 12
Annex B (informative) Water wash-off test . 24
B.1 Purpose . 24
B.2 Short description . 24
B.3 Conditions for testing . 24
B.4 Test process. 24
Annex C (informative) Corrosion test on steel . 26
C.1 General . 26
C.2 Short description . 26
C.3 Conditions for testing . 26
C.4 Test process. 27
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Annex D (informative) Behaviour at an elevated temperature – Adhesion on steel
sheet . 28
D.1 Purpose . 28
D.2 Short description . 28
D.3 Conditions for test . 28
D.4 Test process. 28
Annex E (informative) Determination of the volatile constituents in greases . 30
E.1 Purpose . 30
E.2 Short description . 30
E.3 Conditions for testing . 30
E.4 Test process. 30
E.5 Recording of test results . 31
Annex F (informative) Peak forming and droop . 32
F.1 Purpose . 32
F.2 Short description . 32
F.3 Conditions for testing . 32
F.4 Test process. 32
Annex G (informative) Functional test on specific equipment . 35
G.1 General . 35
G.2 Flowing behaviour of wheel-flange greases . 35
G.3 Test of spraying of lubricants at various temperatures . 37
Annex H (informative) Solid flange lubricant stick testing and starvation test on
twin-disc machine . 41
H.1 Purpose . 41
H.2 Short description . 41
H.3 Conditions for test . 41
H.4 Required testing and measuring equipment . 42
H.5 Test process. 43
H.6 Test settings . 44
H.7 Test results . 44
Annex I (informative) MTM machine creep curve test . 46
I.1 General . 46
I.2 Test equipment . 46
I.3 Application of Flange lubricant to metal disk . 47
I.4 Performance of the Test . 48
I.5 Evaluation of the Test . 51
Bibliography . 55
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European foreword
This document (prEN 15427-2-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway Applciations”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16028:2012.
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Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface
is a complex subject and includes the following aspects:
— lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange
or rail lubrication”;
— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface; commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”
— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread,
commonly referred to as “top of rail friction management”.
— altering the level of adhesion at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread.
This document sets out requirements for the lubricant for flange or rail lubrication. It specifies
requirements for the lubricant, how to test it and how to approve it.
Lubricants should be tested to confirm there is:
— compatibility with lubricating systems;
— no intolerable increased risk of fire;
— meets relevant environmental requirements;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants in use, particularly between solid and
fluid systems;
— satisfactory and consistent product quality and performance.
— no degradation to the safety of the railway (braking, signalling).
The main purpose of the lubricant is to reduce friction and wear and reduce the risk of flange
climb derailment.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the wheel-rail
interface between the wheel and the rail (active interface) applied either directly or indirectly to
the wheel or to the rail.
It outlines the information required for most approval procedures, the method of testing and
routine control/monitoring of the lubricant.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 10130, Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery conditions
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer
(Shore hardness) (ISO 868)
EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1)
EN ISO 2592, Petroleum and related products - Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland
open cup method (ISO 2592)
EN ISO 3146, Plastics - Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range)
of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods (ISO 3146)
EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density
- Hydrometer method (ISO 3675)
EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-
tube method (ISO 12185)
EN ISO 20623, Petroleum and related products - Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-
wear properties of lubricants - Four-ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623)
ISO 760, Determination of water — Karl Fischer method (General method)
ISO 2049, Petroleum products — Determination of colour (ASTM scale)
ISO 2137, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of cone penetration of lubricating
greases and petrolatum
ISO 2176, Petroleum products — Lubricating grease — Determination of dropping point
ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation
method
ISO 6072, Rubber — Compatibility between hydraulic fluids and standard elastomeric materials
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ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification — Part 99:
General
ISO 13737, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of low-temperature cone
penetration of lubricating greases
DIN 51777-2, Testing of mineral oil-hydrocarbons and solvents — Determination of the water
content according to Karl Fischer (indirect method)
DIN 51350-4, Testing of lubricants — Testing by the Shell four-ball tester — Determination of
welding load of consistent lubricants
DIN 51350-5, Testing of lubricants — Testing by the Shell four-ball tester — Determination of wear
data for consistent lubricants
DIN 51631, Mineral spirits — Special boiling point spirits — Requirements
DIN 51807-1, Testing of lubricants — Test of the behaviour of lubricating greases in the presence
of water — Static test
DIN 51817, Testing of lubricants — Determination of oil separation from greases under static
conditions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
lubricant
substance that is designed to lower friction and wear
3.2
oil
liquid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Oil can be mineral, natural or synthetic in origin and can have additives included.
3.3
grease
semi-solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Grease consists of a thickener and additives integrated in a lubricating oil.
3.4
stick
encapsulated solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the stick comprises a solid lubricant which is encapsulated in a polymeric
binder/carrier. The product is designed for direct contact with a rotating wheel flange; the polymeric
binder has a sufficiently high melting point such that it does not melt but rather wears when in contact with
the wheel flange to ensure dimensional stability.
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3.5
batch
entire content of a single identified production of lubricant from the same manufacturing process
3.6
active interface
contact area between the wheel flange root and the rail gauge corner
Note 1 to entry: For more information on this definition, see EN 15427.
3.7
flange lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the wheel flange
3.8
rail lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the rail gauge side face
3.9
Lubricant Application Unit (LAU)
component of the lubrication system (trainborne or trackside) that delivers lubricant to the active
interface
Note 1 to entry: This includes spray nozzles, trackside grease distribution units/blades, stick applicators,
etc.
3.10
lubrication system
components required to apply lubricant to the active interface
Note 1 to entry: A lubrication system can include one or more Lubricant Application Units, a reservoir unit,
pump and/or a control device.
3.11
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means
of control
3.12
trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage
containers and a means of control
3.13
operating temperature
temperature range in which the lubricant can be applied effectively
4 Lubricant requirements
The lubricant, when applied within the specified limits, shall not compromise the safety of the
railway (i.e braking distances, signalling systems, etc.)
NOTE Specified limits are normally understood and agreed between relevant parties before use of
lubricant.
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5 General requirements
5.1 Introduction
This clause outlines the information required to gain approval on most railway networks. It does
not cover its performance on the railway.
5.2 Product specification
The product specification shall be fully documented and shall include the following information:
a) purpose of lubricant;
b) conformity to the applicable type tests as set out in Tables A.1 to A.3;
c) conformance with other relevant local requirements (such as environmental, fire, toxicity,
etc…);
d) application data:
1) including equipment, it can be used with (see Annex G - K);
2) operating temperatures;
NOTE 1 The typical operating temperature range to take into account is from −25 °C to +80 °C.
e) additional validation tests (see Table A.4);
f) any previous relevant experience (i.e. use in other countries);
g) conditions for packaging and labelling (see Clause 8);
h) environmental tests are defined in Tables A.1 to A.3.
NOTE 2 Where legislation and regulations (European, national or local) concerning ecological and
environmental compatibility of lubricants (biodegrability, toxicity, etc.) are applicable, consideration will
need to be given to the relevant requirements.
5.3 Technical file
A file of technical data showing compliance with the requirements in the product specification
and the results of type tests and trials shall be provided. A technical datasheet shall also be
provided (see Clause 7).
A material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the product in the language of the interested customer or
country shall be included.
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6 Control and monitoring of product
6.1 Manufacturing process
If the manufacturing process is changed in a way that can affect the chemical composition, the
new process shall be documented and the customer shall be notified.
NOTE In some cases, this leads to a new approval being required.
6.2 Composition of lubricant
If the composition of the lubricant is changed in any way, it shall be documented and the customer
shall be notified.
NOTE In some cases, this leads to a new approval being required.
6.3 Routine tests
Routine tests ensure product consistency from batch to batch.
The routine tests are listed in Tables A1 to A3. If additional tests are required (such as those not
included in the tables or a type test) this and the frequency can be agreed between the client and
supplier.
The sample of lubricant assessed for quality testing shall have been manufactured in a regular
production batch. The entire sample of material used for the approval tests shall be taken from
the same production batch and delivered in a single consignment.
The results of the routine tests shall be recorded.
6.4 Additional measures
Retention of test records and samples, witnessing of tests, calibration of test equipment shall be
considered.
7 Technical datasheet
7.1 General
The technical datasheet shall include the individual identifying code or name of the lubricant, a
description of the product’s field of use and typical means of application. For each lubricant type,
the information in the following subclauses shall also be included.
7.2 Grease type lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its consistency, its temperature range, the type of thickener
and type of base oil used. Where solid particulates are used, the type and content shall be
reported. Further technical data shall be provided as listed under the ‘datasheet’ column in
Table A.1.
7.3 Oil type lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its viscosity, its temperature range and by the type of oil used.
Where solid particulates are used the type and content shall be reported. Further technical data
shall be provided as listed under the ‘datasheet’ column in Table A.2.
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7.4 Solid type lubricant characteristics
The product shall be described by its melting point, hardness, dimensions and its temperature
range. Further technical data shall be provided as listed under the ‘datasheet’ column in Table A.3.
The product shall be designed to minimize stick debris on the ballast.
The mass of any piece of debris should be no greater than 5 g.
8 Packaging, labelling and storage
The packaging shall protect the contents from contamination and damage.
The labelling shall include at least the following:
— supplier’s name;
— brand name and/or code of the lubricant;
— batch number and date of manufacture, uncoded or coded;
— net mass/quantity/volume;
NOTE Local regulatory requirements will apply.
The following additional information shall be included if specified in the product specification:
— customer stock number;
— an indication that the batch has been accepted by the customer.
The storage conditions and, if necessary, the date limit of use of the lubricant shall be provided.
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Annex A
(normative)
Requirements for lubricants and testing
A.1 Explanation of Annex A: Tables A.1 to A.4
The tables have two purposes:
1) Tests to show the product can be used in the railway environment
NOTE Values can vary depending on where the material is used.
2) Product consistency
For each required property of the lubricants, Tables A.1, A.2 and A.3 list the mandatory and
optional tests for grease, oil and sticks respectively, and parameters for trainborne and trackside
applications. The optional tests required by the customer shall be listed in the product
specification. Although used, oil type lubricants have not been included for trackside applications
as the usage is low.
Table A.4 lists additional tests to check the performance characteristics of the lubricants and that
the lubricant will operate correctly with the equipment it’s to be used with.
A.2 Key to Annex A table columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Datasheet’
The key to the columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Technical Datasheet’ in Tables A.1 to A.4 is as
follows:
— ‘Type’ = This indicates the type tests required for the purpose of approval testing (see 6.1 and
6.2).
— ‘Routine’ = This indicates the routine tests required for testing from approved mass-
produced batches (see 6.3).
— ‘Technical Datasheet’ = This indicates the characteristics to be listed in the product
documentation.
In each column, a symbol is used to indicate the required test or information:
— ‘X’ indicates the test or piece of information is mandatory;
— ‘O’ indicates the test or piece of information is optional;
A.3 Key to Annex A table column ‘Use’
Tables A.1 to A.4 include a column headed ‘Use’ and the letters used mean the following:
— A = Trainborne using oil or grease type lubricants
— B = Trackside using grease type lubricants
— C = Trainborne using a solid lubricant
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This column identifies the most common systems in current use. Most trainborne equipment
sprays the lubricant in the form of a free-flowing grease or thin oil and most trackside equipment
pumps it in the form of a thicker grease. However, where alternatives exist, careful consideration
to the tests required is needed.
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Table A.1 — Requirements for greases
Item Property Use Unit Test method Values Type Routine Datasheet Comments
A.1.1 Appearance A and - Visual Homogenous X X X Appearance is a general
B assessment of the product.
A.1.2 Colour A and - ISO 2049 Homogenous X O X
B
A.1.3 Consistency A - ISO 6743-99 Typically 00–000 X X X
B - ISO 6743-99 Typically 1 X X X
A.1.4.1 Un-worked grease A
penetration at:
a) 25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 2137 Typically 400 to 475 X O
b) 0 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 ≥ 350 X O
c) −25 °C 0,1 mm ISO 13737 ≥ 300 X O
A.1.4.2 Un-worked grease B
penetration at:
a) 25 °C 0
...
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