SIST EN 12413:2020
(Main)Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
This document is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the abrasive products.
This document also contains procedures and tests for verification of compliance with the requirements as well as safety information for use, which is to be made available to the user by the manufacturer.
This document does not apply to superabrasive products and coated abrasive products.
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Schleifkörper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel
Dieses Dokument gilt für rotierende Schleifkörper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel. Es legt Anforderungen und/oder Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung oder Verringerung von Gefährdungen fest, die von der Gestaltung und Anwendung der Schleifwerkzeuge herrühren.
Dieses Dokument umfasst auch Verfahren und Prüfungen zur Feststellung der Übereinstimmung mit den Anforderungen sowie Benutzerinformationen, die der Hersteller dem Anwender zur Verfügung zu stellen hat.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Schleifwerkzeuge mit Diamant oder Bornitrid und nicht für Schleifmittel auf Unterlagen.
Exigences de sécurité pour les produits abrasifs agglomérés
Le présent document est applicable aux produits abrasifs agglomérés en rotation. Il spécifie les prescriptions et/ou mesures pour la suppression ou la réduction des phénomènes dangereux résultant de la conception ou de l'utilisation des produits abrasifs.
Le présent document contient également les procédures et les essais pour la vérification de la conformité aux prescriptions aussi bien que les informations de sécurité pour l’utilisation, que le fabricant doit fournir à l’utilisateur.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux produits superabrasifs ni aux produits abrasifs appliqués.
Varnostne zahteve za vezana brusilna sredstva
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12413:2020
01-april-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12413:2007+A1:2011
Varnostne zahteve za vezana brusilna sredstva
Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Schleifkörper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel
Exigences de sécurité pour les produits abrasifs agglomérés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12413:2019
ICS:
25.100.70 Brusiva Abrasives
SIST EN 12413:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.100.70 Supersedes EN 12413:2007+A1:2011
English Version
Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
Exigences de sécurité pour les produits abrasifs Sicherheitsanforderungen für Schleifwerkzeuge aus
agglomérés gebundenem Schleifmittel
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 August 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12413:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 5
4 List of significant hazards . 8
5 Safety requirements . 9
5.1 General requirements . 9
5.1.1 General . 9
5.1.2 Sequence of maximum operating speeds . 9
5.2 Strength requirements . 9
5.2.1 Safety factors. 9
5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted points and wheels . 10
5.2.3 Side load capacity . 10
5.3 Dimensional requirements. 11
5.3.1 Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speeds . 11
5.3.2 Limit deviations and run-out tolerances . 39
5.4 Admissible unbalance . 39
5.5 Marking . 39
5.6 Blotters . 39
6 Verification of the safety requirements . 39
6.1 Verification of the general requirements . 39
6.1.1 General . 39
6.1.2 Visual inspection . 39
6.1.3 Ring test . 39
6.1.4 Safety speed test . 39
6.2 Verification of the strength requirements . 39
6.2.1 Verification of the safety factor . 39
6.2.2 Verification of side load capacity . 40
6.3 Verification of the dimensional requirements . 40
6.4 Verification of the admissible unbalance . 40
6.5 Verification of the marking . 40
6.6 Verification of the requirements for blotters . 40
7 Information for use . 40
Annex A (normative) Marking . 41
Annex B (informative) Mounted points and wheels . 46
Annex C (normative) Verification methods for side load capacity . 54
Annex D (informative) Colour codes . 57
Annex E (informative) Speed conversion table . 58
Annex F (informative) Recommended scope of the in-process inspection . 60
Bibliography . 63
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 12413:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 “Machine
tools — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12413:2007+A1:2011.
Significant technical differences between EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 and EN 12413:2019 are as follows:
a) Clause 3 “Terms and definitions” has been revised;
b) several modifications throughout the document have been done due to a change of concept
regarding the terms “grinding” and “cutting-off” where the expression “grinding” does not include
“cutting-off” anymore;
c) the abbreviation “RE” for the “Restrictions of use” has been deleted;
d) the type names in Table 6 have been checked and updated (the new edition of ISO 525 that is still
under preparation will also include these revised types);
e) in Table 6, the new Types 17R, 18B, 18P and 19R have been added;
f) 6.2 “Scope of inspection by the manufacturer” has been moved to an informative Annex F
“Recommended scope of the in-process inspection”;
g) in Annex A, requirements for safety symbols (including symbols for personal protective
equipment) have been added;
h) in Table A.2, the following 'restrictions to use' including safety symbols have been added: “Only for
grinding at an angle greater than 10°”. For the 'restriction to use' “Only permitted for totally
enclosed working areas”, a safety symbol has been added;
i) a new Table A.3 with symbols for personal protective equipment and a new safety symbol for "Do
not use a damaged abrasive wheel" has been added;
j) the three point side load test in C.3 has been deleted;
k) Bibliography has been updated.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with essential safety
requirements, e.g. of the General Product Safety Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
This document is addressed to designers, manufacturers and suppliers of the abrasive products
described in the scope. In addition, it helps designers, manufacturers and suppliers of grinding
machines in the selection of abrasive products, in order to reduce the risks and achieve conformity of
the respective machinery with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this document.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or
measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the
abrasive products.
This document also contains procedures and tests for verification of compliance with the requirements
as well as safety information for use, which is to be made available to the user by the manufacturer.
This document does not apply to superabrasive products and coated abrasive products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 6103, Bonded abrasive products - Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered - Static
testing (ISO 6103)
ISO 525, Bonded abrasive products — General requirements
ISO 13942, Bonded abrasive products — Limit deviations and run-out tolerances
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General
3.1.1
bonded abrasive product
product consisting of abrasive grains held together by a bond
EXAMPLE Typical abrasive grains are aluminium oxide or silicon carbide.
Note 1 to entry: Types of bonded abrasive products are defined in ISO 525.
3.2 Grinding and cutting-off machines
3.2.1
stationary machine
machine being fixed in position during operation
Note 1 to entry: See for example EN ISO 16089.
Note 2 to entry: Included are fixed swing frame machines and mobile machines clamped firmly in position
during use.
Note 3 to entry: Transportable machines are fixed in position during operation and therefore considered to be
stationary machines.
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EN 12413:2019 (E)
3.2.2
stationary machine with totally enclosed working area
stationary machine being protected by separating guards in such a way that machining processes are
carried out inside them and persons are protected against hazards
3.2.3
mobile machine
machine not being fixed in position during operation
Note 1 to entry: Mobile machines are manually guided (but not hand-held) by the operator during use, e.g. floor
grinding machines.
3.2.4
hand-held machine
machine being held in the hand during operation
Note 1 to entry: Included are machines with flexible drives.
3.3 Grinding and cutting-off methods
3.3.1
peripheral grinding
grinding with the periphery of the wheel with no or limited side loads
3.3.2
face grinding
grinding with the face of the wheel
3.3.3
cutting-off
cutting or slotting with the periphery of the cutting-off wheel
3.3.4
high pressure grinding
grinding with high contact pressure for steel conditioning
3.4 Type of application
3.4.1
mechanically guided grinding and cutting-off
process with feed movements of the abrasive product and/or the workpiece guided by mechanical
means
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
3.4.2
manually guided grinding and cutting-off
process with feed movements of the abrasive product and/or the workpiece manually guided by the
operator
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
3.4.3
hand-held grinding and cutting-off
process with the grinding or cutting-off machine entirely guided by the operator
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
Table 1 — Type of application
Type of machine Type of application Abrasive product Workpiece
Fixed Mechanically guided
Stationary machines
Mechanically guided
and stationary
grinding and cutting- Mechanically guided Fixed
machines with totally
off
enclosed working area
Mechanically guided Mechanically guided
Manually guided Guided by the operator Fixed
Stationary and mobile
grinding and cutting-
machines
Fixed Guided by the operator
off
Hand-held grinding
Hand-held machines Guided by the operator Fixed
and cutting-off
3.5 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Symbols
Symbol Designation Definition Unit
A Impact resistance Resistance of a rotating abrasive product Nm
to lateral impact
f Bursting speed factor Bursting speed divided by maximum —
br
operating speed:
v
br
f =
br
v
s
f Test speed factor Safety test speed divided by maximum —
pr
operating speed:
v
pr
f =
pr
v
s
F Single point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product N
S1
to lateral single point load
n Deflection speed of mounted Revolutions per minute at which the 1/min
ab
points spindle of mounted points is deflecting
under centrifugal force
n Maximum permissible speed Revolutions per minute of a new 1/min
max
of rotation abrasive product at maximum operating
speed
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
Symbol Designation Definition Unit
S Safety factor against spindle Deflection speed divided by maximum —
ab
deflection for mounted permissible speed of rotation:
points
n
ab
S =
ab
n
max
S Safety factor against bursting Bursting speed divided by maximum —
br
due to centrifugal force operating speed, all squared:
2
v
br
S =
br
v
s
v Maximum operating speed Maximum permissible peripheral speed m/s
s
of a rotating abrasive product
v Safety test speed Peripheral speed at which abrasive m/s
pr
products are tested by the manufacturer
v Bursting speed Peripheral speed at which an abrasive m/s
br
product breaks due to centrifugal force
v Minimum bursting speed Peripheral speed which an abrasive m/s
br, min
product shall at least reach without
bursting due to centrifugal force
4 List of significant hazards
The significant hazards are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 — List of significant hazards
Hazard designation Hazardous situation (Examples) Relevant clauses in this standard
Ejection of parts 1. Abrasive product breakage —
caused by
— improper design 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and Annex C
— manufacturing defects 5.1
— wrong selection 5.5, Clause 7 and Annex A
— improper handling and storage Clause 7
— improper use (mounting and 5.6, Clause 7 and Annex A
grinding process)
2. Grinding debris Clause 7
Vibration Hand arm vibration on hand-held —
machines caused by
— manufacturing defects 5.3 and 5.4
— improper use Clause 7
— incorrect mounting Clause 7
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Hazard designation Hazardous situation (Examples) Relevant clauses in this standard
Kickback Kickback effect of cutting-off —
wheels on hand-held machines
caused by:
— improper use Clause 7
— improper design 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and Annex C
— manufacturing defects 5.1
— wrong selection 5.5, Clause 7 and Annex A
— improper handling and storage Clause 7
5 Safety requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 General
Abrasive products shall be designed and manufactured in such a way that they resist the forces and
loads that are to be expected when used as intended. They shall not present visible faults and shall
comply with the requirements listed in the following clauses.
5.1.2 Sequence of maximum operating speeds
Abrasive products shall be manufactured for maximum operating speeds according to the following
sequence:
< 16 — 16 — 20 — 25 — 32 — 35 — 40 — 45 — 50 — 63 — 80 — 100 — 125 in m/s
The only exception to this is where the application requirements dictate an intermediate speed.
The manufacturer may select any of these speeds up to the maximum values shown in Table 6.
NOTE For conversion of peripheral speeds into speeds of rotation for different outside diameters D of the
abrasive product, see Annex E.
5.2 Strength requirements
5.2.1 Safety factors
Abrasive products — with the exception of mounted points and wheels — shall have a safety factor
against bursting due to centrifugal forces at their maximum operating speed as given in Table 4.
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Table 4 — Safety factors
Type of Type of abrasive Maximum Safety factor Bursting speed
machine product operating factor
speed
v S f
s br br
m/s
high pressure grinding
≤ 80 3,50 1,87
wheels
cutting-off wheels,
manually guided cutting- ≤ 100 3,50 1,87
Stationary
off
machines
cutting-off wheels, only
mechanically guided ≤ 100 2,00 1,41
cutting-off
all other types all 3,00 1,73
Stationary high pressure grinding
≤ 100 3,00 1,73
machines wheels
totally
all other types all 1,75 1,32
enclosed
Mobile grinding and cutting-off
≤ 100 3,50 1,87
machines wheels
≤ 50 3,00 1,73
grinding wheels
D > 125 mm
50 < v ≤ 80
3,50 1,87
s
Hand-held
cutting-off wheels
≤ 100 3,50 1,87
machines
D > 125 mm
≤ 80 3,00 1,73
all types D ≤ 125 mm
> 80 3,50 1,87
5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted points and wheels
Mounted points and wheels shall have a safety factor against bursting due to centrifugal forces of
S = 3 at their maximum operating speed. The spindle shall have a safety factor against deflection of
br
S = 1,3. For further requirements, see Annex B.
ab
5.2.3 Side load capacity
Depressed-centre wheels, straight cutting-off wheels and depressed-centre cutting-off wheels for the
use on hand-held machines shall have a side load capacity according to Table 5.
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Table 5 — Side load capacity of abrasive products for use on hand-held machines
Abrasive product Maximum Outside Side load capacity
operating diameter
Single point Impact resistance
speed
side load
v F
D A
s S1
m/s mm N Nm
≥ 115 290 —
Depressed-centre
grinding wheels 150 290 4,5
≤ 80
a,b
(type 27 and
180 290 5,4
a,c
type 28 )
230 290 6,9
≥ 115 40 —
150 50 1,2
Straight and
180 50 1,5
depressed-centre
cutting-off wheels
≤ 80 230 50 2,0
a
(type 41 and
300 125 5,4
a
type 42 )
350/356 125 5,4
400/406 125 5,4
80 < v ≤ 125
115 < D ≤ 125 40 —
s
Straight cutting-
300 125 5,4
off wheels
80 < v ≤ 100
a 350/356 125 5,4
s
(type 41 )
400/406 125 5,4
a
According to ISO 525.
b
With back-up pad where intended for the type of application.
c
Tested as a type 27.
5.3 Dimensional requirements
5.3.1 Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speeds
Bonded abrasive products shall comply with the dimensional limitations and maximum operating
speeds as specified in Table 6.
NOTE The arrow in the figures in Table 6 symbolizes the working face of the bonded abrasive product.
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Table 6 — Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speed
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 1 c
H ≤ 0,67 D 63 63 — 63 63 63
25
Mechanically
40 50 63 50 — 40 50
Straight grinding wheel
guided grinding
d
H ≤ 0,50 D 80 80 80 80 80 —
16
H ≤ 0,67 D
Mechanically
guided grinding, — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,50 D 125 100 100 100 — —
totally enclosed
Mechanically
Stationary
guided high
machines
— 80 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
pressure
grinding
H ≤ 0,50 D
Mechanically
guided high
pressure — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,33 D — 100 — — — —
grinding, totally
enclosed
c
Stationary
H ≤ 0,50 D — 63 — 63 63 —
25
Manually
and mobile H ≤ 0,67 D 35 50 63 50 50 40 50
guided grinding
d
machines H ≤ 0,33 D — — 80 — 80 —
16
Hand-held Hand-held
H ≤ 0,25 D — 50 80 50 80 — — 50 H ≤ 0,25 D — 63 — 63 — —
b
D × T × H machines grinding
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.4.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
c
D ≤ 1 000 mm
d
D > 1 000 mm
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EN 12413:2019 (E)
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 2
Mechanically
guided 32 40 — — — — 25 40 63 63 — — — 50
Cylinder grinding wheel, cemented or clamped to a
grinding
back-plate
Stationary
W < 0,17 D W < 0,17 D
machines
Manually
guided 32 40 — — — — — 40 — 50 — — — 50
grinding
Key
1 back-plate
b
D × T × W
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.4.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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EN 12413:2019 (E)
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 3 Mechanically H ≤ 0,67 D 63 63 — 63 — 63
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
Grinding wheel, tapered on one side
H ≤ 0,50 D 80 80 — 80 — —
grinding
Stationary
Mechanically
H ≤ 0,67 D
machines
guided
grinding, — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,50 D 125 100 — 100 — —
totally
enclosed
b
D/J × T × H
Type 4 Mechanically H ≤ 0,67 D 63 63 — 63 — 63
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
Grinding wheel, tapered on both sides
H ≤ 0,50 D 80 80 — 80 — —
grinding
Stationary
Mechanically
H ≤ 0,67 D
machines
guided
grinding, — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,50 D 125 100 — 100 — —
totally
enclosed
Hand-held Hand-held
D ≤ 200 — 50 80 — — — — — — — — — — — —
machines grinding
b
D × T × H
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.4.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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EN 12413:2019 (E)
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 5 H ≤ 0,67 D
63 63 63 63 63 63
Mechanically
Grinding wheel, recessed on one side E ≥ 0,50 T
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
H ≤ 0,50 D
grinding
80 80 80 80 80 —
E ≥ 0,50 T
Stationary
machines
Mechanically
guided
H ≤ 0,67 D H ≤ 0,50 D
grinding, — — — — — — — — 100 100 — 100 — —
E ≥ 0,50 T E ≥ 0,50 T
totally
enclosed
H ≤ 0,50 D
Stationary — — 63 — 63 —
Manually
E ≥ 0,50 T
and
guided 35 50 — 50 — — — 50
b
D × T × H − P × F mobile
H ≤ 0,33 D
grinding
— — 80 — 80 —
machines
E ≥ 0,50 T
H ≤ 0,25 D H ≤ 0,25 D
Hand-held Hand-held
— 50 80 50 80 — — 50 — 63 — 63 — —
machines grinding
E ≥ 0,75 T E ≥ 0,75 T
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.4.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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SIST EN 12413:2020
EN 12413:2019 (E)
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 6 Mechanically
guided E ≥ 0,20 T 32 40 — 40 — — — 40 63 63 — 63 — —
Straight cup grinding wheel
grinding
Mechanically
guided
Stationary
grinding, — — — — — — — — — E ≥ 0,20 T 63 80 — 63 — 50
machines
totally
enclosed
Manually
guided E ≥ 0,20 T 32 40 — 40 — — — 40 — 50 — — — —
grinding
D ≤ 180
Hand-
Hand-held
held T ≤ 70 — 50 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
b
D × T × H − W × E
grinding
machines
E ≥ 0,25 T
Type 7 H ≤ 0,67 D
Mechanically
63 63 — 63 — 63
Grinding wheel, recessed on both sides E ≥ 0,50 T
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
grinding
80 80 — 80 — —
H ≤ 0,67 D
Stationary
Mechanically
machines
E ≥ 0,50 T
H ≤ 0,50 D
guided
E ≥ 0,50 T
grinding, — — — — — — — — 100 100 — 100 — —
totally
enclosed
b
D × T × H − P × F/G
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.4.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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EN 12413:2019 (E)
Shape, designation, dimensional letters Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 9
Double cup grinding wheel
Mechanically
Stationary
guided E ≥ 0,2 T 32 40 — 40 — — — 40 E ≥ 0,2 T 50 50 — 50 — —
machines
grinding
b
D × T × H − W × E
Mechanically
Type 11
guided E ≥ 0,2 T 32 40 — 40 — — — 40 E ≥ 0,2 T 50 50 — 50 — —
Taper
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12413:2018
01-oktober-2018
Varnostne zahteve za vezana brusilna sredstva
Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Schleifkörper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel
Exigences de sécurité pour les produits abrasifs agglomérés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12413
ICS:
25.100.70 Brusiva Abrasives
oSIST prEN 12413:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 12413:2018
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oSIST prEN 12413:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 12413
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2018
ICS 25.100.70 Will supersede EN 12413:2007+A1:2011
English Version
Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products
Exigences de sécurité pour les produits abrasifs Sicherheitsanforderungen für Schleifkörper aus
agglomérés gebundenem Schleifmittel
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 143.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12413:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 9
5 Safety requirements . 10
5.1 General requirements . 10
5.1.1 General . 10
5.1.2 Sequence of maximum operating speeds . 10
5.2 Strength requirements . 10
5.2.1 Safety factors. 10
5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted points and wheels . 11
5.2.3 Side load capacity . 11
5.3 Dimensional requirements. 12
5.3.1 Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speeds . 12
5.3.2 Limit deviations and run-out tolerances . 33
5.4 Admissible unbalance . 33
5.5 Marking . 33
5.6 Blotters . 33
6 Verification of the safety requirements . 33
6.1 Verification of the general requirements . 33
6.1.1 General . 33
6.1.2 Visual inspection . 33
6.1.3 Ring test . 33
6.1.4 Safety speed test . 33
6.2 Verification of the strength requirements . 34
6.2.1 Verification of the safety factor . 34
6.2.2 Verification of side load capacity . 34
6.3 Verification of the dimensional requirements . 34
6.4 Verification of the admissible unbalance . 34
6.5 Verification of the marking . 34
6.6 Verification of the requirements for blotters . 34
7 Information for use . 35
Annex A (normative) Marking . 36
A.1 Content of marking . 36
A.1.1 Marking requirements . 36
A.1.2 Additional inscriptions . 39
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A.1.2.1 General . 39
A.1.2.2 Abrasive products for hand-held machines . 39
A.1.2.3 Oriented wheels . 39
A.1.2.4 Multiple or gang mounted wheels . 39
A.1.2.5 Magnesite bond . 40
A.2 Execution of marking . 40
Annex B (informative) Mounted points and wheels . 41
B.1 Example of calculation of the maximum permissible speed of rotation . 41
B.2 Example for application of the calculation method . 45
B.2.1 Mounted point cylindrical shape . 45
B.2.2 Assumptions for the calculation . 45
B.2.3 Maximum permissible speeds of rotation . 46
Annex C (normative) Verification methods for side load capacity . 47
C.1 General . 47
C.2 Single point side load . 47
C.3 Impact test . 48
Annex D (informative) Colour codes . 50
Annex E (informative) Speed conversion table . 51
Annex F (informative) Recommended scope of the in-process inspection . 53
Bibliography . 56
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European foreword
This document (prEN 12413:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 “Machine
tools — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12413:2007+A1:2011.
Significant technical differences between EN 12413:2007+A1:2011 and prEN 12413:2018 are as
follows:
a) Clause 3 “terms and definitions” has been revised;
b) Clarification on the concept “grinding” and “cutting-off” has been given. The expression “grinding”
does not include “cutting-off” which caused modifications throughout the document;
c) The abbreviation “RE” for the “Restrictions of use” has been deleted;
d) The type names in Table 6 have been checked to be in line with ISO 525 and adopted, if necessary;
e) Types 17R and 19R have been added in Table 6;
f) 6.2 “Scope of inspection by the manufacturer” has been moved to an informative Annex F
“Recommended scope of the in-process inspection”;
g) In Annex A, requirements for safety symbols including symbols for personal protective equipment
have been added;
h) In Table A.2 the following restrictions to use including symbols have been added: “Do not use a
damaged abrasive wheel” and “Only for grinding at an angle greater than 10°”. For the restriction to
use “only permitted for totally enclosed working areas” a symbol has been added;
i) A new Table A.3 with symbols for personal protective equipment as examples has been added;
j) The three point side load test in C.3 has been deleted;
k) Bibliography has been updated.
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Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with essential safety
requirements, e.g. of the General Product Safety Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
This European Standard is addressed to designers, manufacturers and suppliers of the abrasive
products described in the scope. In addition, it helps designers, manufacturers and suppliers of grinding
machines in the selection of abrasive products, in order to reduce the risks and achieve conformity of
the respective machinery with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or
measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the
abrasive products.
This document also contains procedures and tests for verification of compliance with the requirements
as well as safety information for use, which is to be made available to the user by the manufacturer.
This document does not apply to superabrasive products and coated abrasive products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 6103, Bonded abrasive products - Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered - Static
testing (ISO 6103)
ISO 525, Bonded abrasive products — General requirements
ISO 13942, Bonded abrasive products — Limit deviations and run-out tolerances
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
bonded abrasive product
product consisting of abrasives e.g. aluminium oxide, silicon carbide held together by a bond
Note 1 to entry: Bonded abrasive products within the meaning of this standard are all products as defined, see for
example by ISO 525.
3.1.2
Grinding and cutting-off machines
3.1.2.1
stationary machine
machine being fixed in position during operation
Note 1 to entry: See for example EN ISO 16089.
Note 2 to entry: Included are fixed swing frame machines and mobile machines clamped firmly in position during
use.
Note 3 to entry: Transportable machines are fixed in position during operation and therefore considered to be
stationary machines.
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3.1.2.2
stationary machine with totally enclosed working area
stationary machine being protected by separating guards in such way that machining processes
including loading and unloading of workpieces are carried out inside them and persons are protected
against hazards generated by bursting of an abrasive product
3.1.2.3
mobile machine
machines not being fixed in position during operation
Note 1 to entry: Mobile machines are manually guided (but not supported) by the operator during use, e.g. floor
grinding machines, flexibly suspended swing-frame grinding machines.
3.1.2.4
hand-held machine
machine being held in the hand during the grinding process
Note 1 to entry: Included are those with flexible drives.
Note 2 to entry: See for example EN ISO 11148-7, EN ISO 11148-9, EN 60745-2-3, EN 60745-2-22,
EN 60745-2-23, EN 61029-2-4, EN 61029-2-10, EN 62841-3-4 and EN ISO 19432.
3.1.3
Grinding and cutting-off method
3.1.3.1
peripheral grinding
grinding with the periphery of the wheel with no or limited side loads
3.1.3.2
face grinding
grinding with the face of the wheel
3.1.3.3
cutting-off
cutting-off or slotting with the periphery of the cutting-off wheel
3.1.3.4
high pressure grinding
grinding with high contact pressure for steel conditioning
3.1.4
Type of application
3.1.4.1
mechanically guided grinding and cutting-off
feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are guided by mechanical means
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
3.1.4.2
manually guided grinding and cutting-off
feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are manually guided by the operator
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
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3.1.4.3
hand-held grinding and cutting-off
grinding machine entirely guided by the operator
Note 1 to entry: See Table 1.
Table 1 — Type of application
Type of grinding Type of application Abrasive product Workpiece
machine
Fixed Guided mechanically
Stationary machines
Mechanically guided
and stationary
grinding and cutting- Guided mechanically Fixed
machines totally
off
enclosed
Guided mechanically Guided mechanically
Manually guided Guided by the operator Fixed
Stationary and mobile
grinding and cutting-
machines
Fixed Guided by the operator
off
Hand-held grinding
Hand-held machines Guided by the operator Fixed
and cutting-off
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Symbols
Symbol Designation Definition Unit
A Impact resistance Resistance of a rotating abrasive product Nm
to lateral impact
f Burst speed factor Minimum bursting speed divided by —
br
maximum operating speed:
v
br,min
f =
br
v
s
f Test speed factor Safety test speed divided by maximum —
pr
operating speed:
v
pr
f =
pr
v
s
F Single point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product N
S1
to lateral single point load
n Deflection speed of mounted Revolutions per minute at which the 1/min
ab
points spindle of mounted points is deflecting
under centrifugal force
n Maximum permissible speed Revolutions per minute of a new 1/min
max
of rotation abrasive product at maximum operating
speed
S Safety factor against spindle Deflection speed divided by maximum —
ab
deflection for mounted permissible speed of rotation:
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Symbol Designation Definition Unit
points
n
ab
S =
ab
n
max
S Safety factor against bursting Bursting speed divided by maximum —
br
due to centrifugal force operating speed, all squared:
2
v
br
S =
br
v
s
v Maximum operating speed Maximum permissible peripheral speed m/s
s
of a rotating abrasive product
v Safety test speed Peripheral speed at which abrasive m/s
pr
products are tested by the manufacturer
v Bursting speed Peripheral speed at which an abrasive m/s
br
product breaks due to centrifugal force
v Minimum bursting speed Peripheral speed which an abrasive m/s
br, min
product shall at least reach without
bursting due to centrifugal force
4 List of significant hazards
The significant hazards are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 — List of significant hazards
Hazard designation Hazardous situation Relevant clauses
(Examples) in this standard
Ejection of parts Wheel breakage caused by —
— improper design 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and Annex C
— manufacturing defects 5.1
— wrong selection 5.5, 7 and Annex A
— improper handling and 7
storage
— improper use (mounting 5.6, 7 and Annex A
and grinding process)
Grinding debris 7
Vibration Hand arm vibration on hand- —
held machines caused by
— manufacturing defects 5.3 and 5.4
— improper use 7
— incorrect mounting 7
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5 Safety requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 General
Abrasive products shall be designed and manufactured in such a way that they resist the forces and
loads that are to be expected when used as intended. They shall not present visible faults and shall
comply with the requirements listed in the following clauses.
5.1.2 Sequence of maximum operating speeds
Abrasive products shall be manufactured for maximum operating speeds according to the following
sequence:
< 16 — 16 — 20 — 25 — 32 — 35 — 40 — 45 — 50 — 63 — 80 — 100 — 125 in m/s
The only exception to this is where the application requirements dictate an intermediate speed.
The manufacturer can select any of these speeds up to the maximum values shown in Table 6.
NOTE For a conversion table for speeds of rotation and maximum operating speeds as a function of the
outside diameter D of the abrasive products, see Annex E.
5.2 Strength requirements
5.2.1 Safety factors
Abrasive products — with the exception of mounted points and wheels — shall have a safety factor
against bursting due to centrifugal forces at their maximum operating speed as given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Safety factors
Type of Type of abrasive Maximum Safety factor Burst speed
machine product operating factor
speed
v S f
s br br
m/s
high pressure grinding
≤ 80 3,50 1,87
wheels
cutting-off wheels,
manually guided cutting- ≤ 80 3,50 1,87
stationary
off
machines
cutting-off wheels, only
mechanically guided ≤ 100 2,00 1,41
cutting-off
all other types all 3,00 1,73
stationary high pressure grinding
≤ 100 3,00 1,73
machines wheels
totally
all other types all 1,75 1,32
enclosed
mobile grinding and cutting-off
≤ 100 3,50 1,87
machines wheels
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Type of Type of abrasive Maximum Safety factor Burst speed
machine product operating factor
speed
v S f
s br br
m/s
≤ 50 3,00 1,73
grinding wheels
D > 125 mm
50 < v ≤ 80
3,50 1,87
s
hand-held
cutting-off wheels
≤ 100 3,50 1,87
machines
D > 125 mm
≤ 80 3,00 1,73
all types D ≤ 125 mm
> 80 3,50 1,87
5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted points and wheels
Mounted points and wheels shall have a safety factor against bursting due to centrifugal forces of
S = 3 at their maximum operating speed. The spindle shall have a safety factor against deflection of
br
S = 1,3. For further requirements, see Annex B.
ab
5.2.3 Side load capacity
Depressed-centre wheels, straight cutting-off wheels and depressed-centre cutting-off wheels for the
use on hand-held grinding machines shall have a side load capacity according to Table 5.
Table 5 — Side load capacity of abrasive products for the use on hand-held machines
Abrasive product Maximum Outside Side load capacity
operating diameter
Single point Impact
speed
side load resistance
v F
D A
s S1
m/s mm N Nm
≥ 115 290 —
Depressed-centre
grinding wheels 150 290 4,5
≤ 80
a,b
(type 27 and
180 290 5,4
a,c
type 28 )
230 290 6,9
≥ 115 40 —
150 50 1,2
Straight and
depressed-centre
180 50 1,5
cutting-off wheels
≤ 80 230 50 2,0
a
(type 41 and
a
300 125 5,4
type 42 )
350/356 125 5,4
400/406 125 5,4
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Abrasive product Maximum Outside Side load capacity
operating diameter
Single point Impact
speed
side load resistance
v F
D A
s S1
m/s mm N Nm
115 < D ≤ 12
80 < v ≤ 125
40 —
s
5
Straight cutting-
300 125 5,4
off wheels
a
(type 41 ) 80 < v ≤ 100
350/356 125 5,4
s
400/406 125 5,4
a
According to ISO 525.
b
With back-up pad where intended for the type of application.
c
Tested as a type 27.
5.3 Dimensional requirements
5.3.1 Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speeds
Bonded abrasive products shall comply with the dimensional limitations and maximum operating
speeds as specified in Table 6.
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Table 6 — Dimensional limitations and maximum operating speed
Shape, designation, dimensional Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
letters a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 1 c
H ≤ 0,67 D 63 63 — 63 63 63
25
Mechanically
40 50 63 50 — 40 50
Straight grinding wheel
guided grinding
d
H ≤ 0,50 D 80 80 80 80 80 —
16
H ≤ 0,67 D
Mechanically
guided grinding — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,50 D 125 100 100 100 — —
totally enclosed
Stationary
Mechanically
grinding
guided high
— 80 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
machines
pressure
grinding
H ≤ 0,50 D
Mechanically
guided high
pressure — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,33 D — 100 — — — —
grinding totally
enclosed
Stationary and c
H ≤ 0,50 D — 63 — 63 63 —
25
mobile Manually guided
H ≤ 0,67 D 35 50 63 50 50 40 50
grinding grinding
d
H ≤ 0,33 D — — 80 — 80 —
16
machines
Hand-held
Hand-held
grinding H ≤ 0,25 D — 50 80 50 80 — — 50 H ≤ 0,25 D — 63 — 63 — —
grinding
b
D × T × H machines
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.3.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
c
D ≤ 1 000 mm
d
D > 1 000 mm
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Shape, designation, dimensional Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
letters a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 2
Mechanically
Cylinder wheel, cemented or clamped
guided 32 40 — — — — 25 40 63 63 — — — 50
grinding
Stationary
grinding W < 0,17 D W < 0,17 D
machines
Manually
guided 32 40 — — — — — 40 — 50 — — — 50
grinding
Key
1 Plate
b
D × T × W
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.3.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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Shape, designation, dimensional Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
letters a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 3 Mechanically H ≤ 0,67 D 63 63 — 63 — 63
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
Wheel tapered on one side
H ≤ 0,50 D 80 80 — 80 — —
grinding
Stationary
Mechanically
grinding H ≤ 0,67 D
guided
machines
grinding — — — — — — — — H ≤ 0,50 D 125 100 — 100 — —
totally
enclosed
b
D/J × T × H
Type 4
Wheel tapered on both sides
Hand-held
Hand-held
grinding D ≤ 200 — 50 80 — — — — — — — — — — — —
grinding
machines
b
D × T × H
a
Definitions see 3.2 and 3.3.
b
Types of bond and designation examples see ISO 525.
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Shape, designation, dimensional Type of Type of Maximum operating speeds and dimensional limitations
letters a a
machine application
Standard operating speeds Special operating speeds
m/s m/s
b b
Types of bond Types of bond
Dimensional Dimensional
limitations limitations
V B BF R RF E MG PL V B BF R RF PL
Type 5 H ≤ 0,67 D
63 63 63 63 63 63
Mechanically
Wheel recessed on one side E ≥ 0,50 T
guided 40 50 — 50 — — — 50
H ≤ 0,50 D
grinding
80 80 80 80 80 —
Stationary
E ≥ 0,50 T
grinding
Mechanically
machines
guided
H ≤ 0,67 D H ≤ 0,50 D
grinding — — — — — — — — 100 100 — 100 — —
E ≥ 0,50 T E ≥ 0,50 T
...
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