SIST EN IEC 62402:2019
(Main)Obsolescence management (IEC 62402:2019)
Obsolescence management (IEC 62402:2019)
IEC 62402:2019 provides requirements and guidance for obsolescence management applicable to any organization that is dependent on another organization to obtain value from the usefulness of the items that it provides. A cost-effective obsolescence management process and the activities used to implement the process are applicable throughout all phases of an item’s life cycle. This document covers the following areas:
• establishing an obsolescence management policy;
• establishing an infrastructure and an organization;
• developing an obsolescence management plan (OMP);
• developing strategies to minimize obsolescence during design;
• determining an obsolescence management approach;
• selecting obsolescence resolution and implementation;
• measuring and improving the performance of the outcomes of the obsolescence management activities.
Guidance on obsolescence management is included as notes, in the informative annexes and references in the Bibliography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this document has now been written with requirements as a standard, not a guide;
b) this document continues to have guidance in the informative annexes;
c) this document has been written as a general process for all technologies and items.
Keywords: obsolescence management
Obsoleszenzmanagement (IEC 62402:2019)
Gestion de l'obsolescence (IEC 62402:2019)
IEC 62402:2019 fournit des exigences et des recommandations relatives à la gestion de l'obsolescence qui s'appliquent à toute organisation faisant appel à une autre organisation pour tirer parti des entités fournies par cette dernière. Un processus rentable de gestion de l'obsolescence ainsi que les activités de mise en œuvre de ce processus s'appliquent à chaque phase du cycle de vie d'une entité. Le présent document couvre les points suivants:
• l'établissement d'une stratégie de gestion de l'obsolescence;
• l'établissement d'une infrastructure et d'une organisation;
• le développement d'un plan de gestion de l'obsolescence;
• le développement de stratégies visant à réduire le plus possible l'obsolescence au cours de la conception;
• l'identification de l'approche de gestion de l'obsolescence à adopter;
• le choix et la mise en œuvre de la résolution de l'obsolescence;
• la mesure et l'amélioration des performances des activités de gestion de l'obsolescence.
Des recommandations relatives à la gestion de l'obsolescence sont incluses sous forme de notes, dans les annexes informatives et dans la Bibliographie.Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2007. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition comprend les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) le présent document a été réécrit pour se conformer aux exigences d'une norme et non d'un guide;
b) le présent document contient toujours des recommandations dans ses annexes informatives;
c) le présent document a été rédigé pour servir de processus général pour l'ensemble des technologies et entités.
Mots clés : gestion de l'obsolescence
Upravljanje zastarelosti (IEC 62402:2019)
Ta dokument podaja zahteve in smernice za upravljanje zastarelosti, ki se uporabljajo za katero koli organizacijo, ki je odvisna od druge organizacije za pridobivanje vrednosti o uporabnosti elementov, ki jih zagotavlja. Stroškovno učinkovit proces upravljanja zastarelosti in dejavnosti za uvedbo postopka se uporabljajo skozi vse stopnje življenjske dobe elementa:
Ta dokument zajema naslednja področja:
• vzpostavitev politike upravljanja zastarelosti;
• vzpostavitev infrastrukture in organizacije;
• vzpostavitev načrta upravljanja zastarelosti (OMP);
• razvoj strategij za zmanjšanje zastarelosti med zasnovo;
• določanje pristopa upravljanja zastarelosti;
• izbira reševanja in uvedbe zastarelosti;
• merjenje in izboljšanje rezultatov dejavnosti upravljanja zastarelosti.
Smernice glede upravljanja zastarelosti so kot opombe vključene v informativnih dodatkih in referencah v bibliografiji.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62402:2008
Upravljanje zastarelosti (IEC 62402:2019)
Obsolescence management (IEC 62402:2019)
Obsoleszenzmanagement (IEC 62402:2019)
Gestion de l'obsolescence (IEC 62402:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62402:2019
ICS:
21.020 Značilnosti in načrtovanje Characteristics and design of
strojev, aparatov, opreme machines, apparatus,
equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62402
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2019
Supersedes EN 62402:2007 and all of its amendments
ICS 21.020
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Obsolescence management
(IEC 62402:2019)
Gestion de l'obsolescence Obsoleszenzmanagement
(IEC 62402:2019) (IEC 62402:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-07-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62402:2019 E
European foreword
The text of document 56/1838/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62402, prepared by IEC/TC 56 "Dependability" was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62402:2019.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by (dop) 2020-04-03
publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-07-03
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62402:2007 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62402:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard
without any modification.
IEC 60300-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60300-1
IEC 62239-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62239-1
IEC/ISO 31010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 31010
IEC 62474 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62474
IEC 62668-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62668-1
IEC 62435-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62435-1
IEC 62435-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62435-4
IEC 62668-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62668-2
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 62668-1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: FprEN IEC 62668-2
IEC 62402 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Obsolescence management
Gestion de l'obsolescence
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 21.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-6960-2
– 2 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 11
4 Obsolescence management . 12
4.1 What is obsolescence . 12
4.2 What is obsolescence management . 13
4.3 Benefits of obsolescence management . 13
4.4 Obsolescence management process . 14
5 Obsolescence management policy . 17
6 Infrastructure and organization . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Management responsibilities . 18
6.3 Obsolescence management organization . 18
6.4 Customer/manufacturer management. 18
6.5 Partnering agreements between organizations . 19
7 Development of an OMP . 19
7.1 OMP . 19
7.2 OMP contents . 19
8 Strategies to minimize obsolescence during design . 21
8.1 Obsolescence as a consideration in design . 21
8.2 Source code . 21
8.3 Material characterization . 21
8.4 Modularity . 21
8.5 Transparency . 21
8.6 Sustainable technologies including materials . 22
8.7 Open standards . 22
8.8 Obtaining IPR . 22
8.9 Software licensing . 22
8.10 Data acquisition . 22
9 Obsolescence management approach . 23
9.1 Introduction to risk assessment . 23
9.2 Obsolescence monitoring . 24
9.2.1 Monitoring background . 24
9.2.2 Obsolescence notice monitoring . 25
9.2.3 Direct contact monitoring . 25
9.3 Risk assessment to select approach . 25
9.4 Proactive approach . 27
9.5 Reactive approach . 27
10 Obsolescence resolutions . 27
10.1 Resolution selection and implementation . 27
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
10.2 Same item . 28
10.3 Life of need buy . 29
10.4 Substitutes . 30
10.5 Emulation and reverse engineering . 30
10.6 Design change . 31
11 Measurement and improvement of obsolescence management activities . 31
11.1 General . 31
11.2 Metrics . 31
Annex A (informative) Vocabulary relating to obsolescence . 33
Annex B (informative) Obsolescence resolutions . 36
B.1 Obsolescence management resolutions with EOP forecast . 36
B.2 Obsolescence management resolutions with EOP announcement . 37
B.3 Alternate manufacturers: example of a reactive approach in electronics . 38
Annex C (informative) Guidance on the effects of obsolescence . 39
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the OMP . 40
Annex E (informative) Examples of an obsolescence risk assessment . 41
E.1 General . 41
E.2 Example 1 . 41
E.3 Example 2 . 42
E.3.1 Risk assessment process . 42
E.3.2 Likelihood assessment. 43
E.3.3 Impact date assessment . 43
E.3.4 Obsolescence risk . 44
E.3.5 Review . 44
Annex F (informative) Example of an obsolescence management decision process . 45
Bibliography . 47
Figure 1 – Obsolescence management activities . 14
Figure 2 – Assessments identifying obsolescence risks and issues . 15
Figure 3 – Item's life cycle versus obsolescence management activities . 17
Figure 4 – Proactive versus reactive approaches with resolutions . 24
Figure B.1 – Item production output with EOP forecast and obsolescence scenarios . 36
Figure B.2 – Item production output at EOP announcement and obsolescence
scenarios . 37
Figure E.1 – Sample risk assessment process . 43
Figure F.1 – Initial decision process to recommend obsolescence resolutions . 45
Figure F.2 – Decision process to recommend obsolescence resolutions (long term
repairs strategy) . 46
Figure F.3 – Decision process to recommend obsolescence resolutions (LNB) . 46
Table E.1 – Likelihood assessment . 41
Table E.2 – Impact assessment . 41
Table E.3 – Combination of likelihood and impact assessment . 42
– 4 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
Table E.4 – Level of proactive approach assessment . 42
Table E.5 – EOP forecast . 43
Table E.6 – Number of approved manufacturers . 43
Table E.7 – Likelihood . 43
Table E.8 – Impact date . 44
Table E.9 – Risk level . 44
Table E.10 – Obsolescence risk review . 44
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OBSOLESCENCE MANAGEMENT
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62402 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 56:
Dependability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) this document has now been written with requirements as a standard, not a guide;
b) this document continues to have guidance in the informative annexes;
c) this document has been written as a general process for all technologies and items.
– 6 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
56/1838/FDIS 56/1843/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
For the purposes of this document, obsolescence management is a discipline used at all
phases of an item’s life cycle to ensure an item and its sub items can continue to fulfil their
requirements over their expected useful life.
This document takes a different view of obsolescence from the standard dictionary definition.
Instead of an item becoming outdated or no longer used, this document views obsolescence
as the transition of a required item still in use from available to unavailable from the
manufacturer. Any item that remains in use will be subject to obsolescence. Obsolescence
manifests itself as difficulty in obtaining supplies, spares and/or support.
This document defines the requirements for managing the obsolescence of any type of item.
Obsolescence management helps prevent unnecessary losses (for example loss of
commercial service or capability) and treat risks associated with obsolescence. The
assessment of risk associated with obsolescence takes account of factors including but not
limited to: the likelihood of an item becoming obsolete during its expected useful life, the
likelihood of an impact occurring during that projected useful life, and the severity of that
impact. Obsolescence management treats risks associated with obsolescence by reducing the
likelihood or severity of impact, or both.
It has become essential to include obsolescence management within planning activities from
the earliest life cycle phases. The guidance provided in this document could be characterized
as strategic obsolescence management when obsolescence management is planned and
implemented during the early life cycle phases.
Even though this situation may not be a direct case of obsolescence, this document will also
be of assistance in the management of items that have diminished manufacturing sources and
materiel shortages that can result in long lead times, reduced availability and ultimately
obsolescence of those items.
Managing obsolescence contributes to the dependability of an item, particularly supportability,
which is defined as the ‘ability to be supported to sustain the required availability with a
defined operational profile and given logistic and maintenance resources’. As such,
obsolescence management may be performed as part of an overall dependability
management programme as described in IEC 60300-1 [1] .
____________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
– 8 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
OBSOLESCENCE MANAGEMENT
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and guidance for obsolescence management applicable
to any organization that is dependent on another organization to obtain value from the
usefulness of the items that it provides. A cost-effective obsolescence management process
and the activities used to implement the process are applicable throughout all phases of an
item’s life cycle.
This document covers the following areas:
• establishing an obsolescence management policy;
• establishing an infrastructure and an organization;
• developing an obsolescence management plan (OMP);
• developing strategies to minimize obsolescence during design;
• determining an obsolescence management approach;
• selecting obsolescence resolution and implementation;
• measuring and improving the performance of the outcomes of the obsolescence
management activities.
Guidance on obsolescence management is included as notes, in the informative annexes and
references in the Bibliography.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
alternative item
item whose characteristics can be different from that specified for one or more reasons
EXAMPLE Items with different quality or reliability level, tolerance, parameteters, temperature range.
Note 1 to entry: See also ‘substitutes’ (10.4).
3.1.2
commercial off-the-shelf
COTS
conforming to the manufacturer’s datasheet and available to any purchaser
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 9 –
Note 1 to entry: A single user is not able to influence the manufacturer’s datasheet.
Note 2 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.3
emulation
process that produces a substitute item for the purpose of replacing another item while
maintaining the same form, fit and function, and interface
Note 1 to entry: Microcircuit emulation can replicate, with state-of-the-art, items that emulate the original item.
3.1.4
end of production
EOP
date of discontinuance from manufacture
Note 1 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.5
equivalent item
item which is functionally, parametrically and technically interchangeable
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as ‘form, fit, function and interface’ F3I.
Note 2 to entry: See also ‘substitutes’ (10.4).
3.1.6
existing stock
sub item(s) from within the supply chain and inventory that can be allocated to the item
without requalification
3.1.7
indenture level
level of sub-division within a system hierarchy
EXAMPLE System, subsystem, assembly, and component.
Note 1 to entry: From the maintenance perspective, the indenture level depends upon various factors, including
the complexity of the item's construction, the accessibility of sub items, skill level of maintenance personnel, test
equipment facilities, and safety considerations.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [2], 192-01-05]
3.1.8
item
subject being considered
Note 1 to entry: The item may be an individual part, component, device, functional unit, equipment, subsystem, or
system.
Note 2 to entry: The item may consist of hardware, software, people or any combination thereof.
Note 3 to entry: The item is often comprised of elements that may each be individually considered. See sub
item (3.1.21) and indenture level (3.1.7).
Note 4 to entry: IEC 60050-191:1990 (now withdrawn; replaced by IEC 60050-192:2015) identified the term
“entity” as an English synonym, which is not true for all applications.
Note 5 to entry: The definition for item in IEC 60050-191:1990 (now withdrawn; replaced by IEC 60050-192:2015)
is a description rather than a definition. This new definition provides meaningful substitution throughout this
document. The words of the former definition form new note 1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [2], 192-01-01]
– 10 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
3.1.9
integrator
organization that assembles an item of complex sub items for the end user
Note 1 to entry: Examples of items for the end user are: car, ship, aeroplane, oilrig.
3.1.10
life of need buy
LNB
procurement of sub items sufficient to support the item throughout its life cycle, or until the
next planned upgrade
Note 1 to entry: Identified as a proactive LNB or a reactive LNB depending on which obsolescence approach is
being used for the phase of the life cycle for which the procurement is taking place. (See 10.3).
Note 2 to entry: This term was previously known as lifetime buy.
Note 3 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.11
manufacturer
organization or individual with responsibility for the design, manufacture, packaging and
labelling of an item before placing the item on the market under their own name or trademark
3.1.12
obsolescence
transition of an item from available to unavailable from the manufacturer in accordance with
the original specification
Note 1 to entry: In high reliability items, the sub item’s original manufacturer and original specification are
generally identified in the item’s original configuration.
Note 2 to entry: Obsolescence might be because production has ended or because of the lack of availability of
service provision, support of software or processed material.
Note 3 to entry: A specification can be of any form such as a drawing, datasheet, standard, written specification
or a list of keywords and properties. A specification cancelled or an item’s approval to a withdrawn specification
can also cause obsolescence.
3.1.13
obsolescence issue
effect when the item is obsolete or when there is certainty as to when the item will become
obsolete
Note 1 to entry: The item has an obsolescence issue when the PDN (see 3.1.18) has been issued by the
manufacturer of the item.
3.1.14
obsolescence risk
measure of uncertainty as to when an item will become obsolete
Note 1 to entry: Obsolescence risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the impact of an item
becoming obsolete and the associated likelihood.
3.1.15
obsolete
no longer in production from the manufacturer in accordance with the original specification
Note 1 to entry: Examples include but are not limited to: materials, chemicals, components, electronics, and
mechanical hardware.
Note 2 to entry: In high reliability items the sub item’s original manufacturer, part number and/or original
specification are generally identified in the item configuration.
Note 3 to entry: Discontinued is synonymous with obsolete.
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 11 –
3.1.16
obsolete
no longer available from the manufacturer in accordance with the original specification
Note 1 to entry: Examples include but are not limited to: software, services, specifications, and processes.
Note 2 to entry: In high reliability items the sub item’s original manufacturer and original specification are
generally identified in the item configuration.
Note 3 to entry: Discontinued is synonymous with obsolete.
3.1.17
product change notice
PCN
notification from a manufacturer announcing a change of process, properties, characteristics
or specification of an item
Note 1 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.18
product discontinuance notice
PDN
notification of end of production of an item by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.19
planned upgrades
predetermination points during the item life cycle at which the design of all or part of the item
will be brought up to date by replacing sub items with better performing sub items and/or
replacing obsolete sub items or sub items at risk from becoming obsolete
Note 1 to entry: These upgrades will often involve changes to both the software and the underlying hardware.
Between the planned upgrades, one of the other obsolescence resolutions can be necessary (see Clause 10).
3.1.20
reclamation
use of a sub item that has a remaining useful life from a surplus or redundant item
Note 1 to entry: Reclamation is a controlled process (see 10.2 and recycled item in Annex A).
Note 2 to entry: Reclamation is sometimes referred to as cannibalization.
3.1.21
sub item
part of the subject being considered
Note 1 to entry: A sub item becomes the item, when individually considered.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015 [2], 192-01-02]
3.1.22
supply chain
entire network of entities, such as organizations, people, technologies, activities, information
and resources, directly or indirectly interlinked and interdependent, involved in serving the
end user on delivering an item or service
Note 1 to entry: The supply chain is a part of an end-to-end process from the raw materials to the finished item
delivered to the end user.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
COTS commercial off-the-shelf
– 12 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
ECMP electronic components management plan
EOP end of production
IIOM International Institute of Obsolescence Management [3]
IPR intellectual property rights
LNB life of need buy
OCM original component manufacturer
OEM original equipment manufacturer
OMP obsolescence management plan
PCN product change notice
PDN product discontinuance notice
REACH registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals
RoHS restriction of hazardous substances
4 Obsolescence management
4.1 What is obsolescence
Obsolescence is the transition of an item from available to unavailable from the manufacturer
in accordance with the original specification.
Obsolescence is a significant cost driver and can occur at all phases of an item’s life cycle.
Unforeseen obsolescence issues can happen quickly, can cost a significant amount of
unplanned resources to resolve and may put at risk an organization’s financial stability,
operations and reputation.
Obsolescence management activities ensure an item and its sub items can continue to fulfil
their requirements over their expected useful life. Most items will become obsolete eventually;
however, there is often uncertainty about when this will occur and the consequences to the
item concerned.
Items include but are not limited to:
• physical assets (for example products, equipment, sub-assemblies, components,
manufacturing tooling, test equipment, spares);
• consumables (for example ink cartridges, adhesives, computer media, batteries);
• materials (for example metals, fluids, polymers, composites);
• software (for example operating environment, middleware, firmware, specific applications);
• systems (for example information systems, classification systems);
• services (for example maintenance, communication and information).
For the purposes of obsolescence management, items may also include information and
knowledge such as data, services, processes, procedures, specifications, standards and
regulations.
Environmental legislation may have the potential to affect the use of some materials during
the life of the item; those materials affected by the legislation should be considered from the
outset of development.
Reasons why items become obsolete are:
• market factors including reduced demand of an item, lack of profitability or the introduction
of new technologies and capabilities causing the manufacturer to issue a PDN;
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 13 –
• changes to the configured item (for example configured item number, item updates, item
rebranding, merger or acquisition of the manufacturer);
• obsolete sub items (for example raw materials or other sub items that make up an item);
• loss or change to manufacturing capability (for example process re-tooling, test
equipment, manufacturing equipment, in-process materials, support equipment,
documentation);
• loss of skill or knowledge to manufacture or support the item;
• loss of legal authority for manufacturers to place the item on the market due to regulations
(for example export control), legislation (for example environmental protection legislation
such as RoHS, REACH), or legal agreements;
• natural or man-made disasters.
NOTE See guidance on the effects of obsolescence on different technologies in informative Annex C.
4.2 What is obsolescence management
Obsolescence is inevitable but normally involves uncertainty as to when it will occur and what
the likely consequences in terms of cost and impact will be. Due to this uncertainty, it is
essential that obsolescence be addressed in a risk management context by understanding the
level of risk and implementing any necessary activities to treat the risks. This makes it
necessary to implement a management process to mitigate the negative effects of
obsolescence.
Obsolescence management collectively describes the activities taken by individuals or an
organization to manage the obsolescence of items. The objective of obsolescence
management is to ensure that obsolescence is managed as an integral part of the item’s life
cycle: concept, development (design), realization (production), utilization (in-service support),
enhancement (return to design upgrade) and retirement and then return to concept.
NOTE After the subclauses introducing the obsolescence management process and activities, the relationship
between obsolescence management activities and the item’s life cycle is shown in Figure 3.
Obsolescence management seeks to reduce the risk of obsolescence through undertaking
planned activities to reduce the frequency of obsolescence issues and/or reduce the impact
when an item becomes obsolete. The impact of obsolescence can vary depending on the type
of item and the context in which it delivers value to the organization. Obsolescence impacts
can be categorized in the following ways:
• Financial impacts. Responding to obsolescence can introduce significant costs to an
organization from changing supply chains, design or testing new items, changes to item
information or processes, or increased item cost as supply becomes scarce.
• Operational impacts. When an item becomes unavailable, the user can no longer derive
benefit from the item. The unavailability of the item may also impact the user’s ability to
derive benefit from other sub items or items.
• Compliance impacts. The obsolescence of an item may prevent an organization from
complying with regulatory requirements such as environmental or safety obligations.
• Reputation impacts. Where others are dependent on an organization to provide an item or
service, the inability to provide the item or service due to obsolescence may have long
term impacts on the reputation of the organization.
4.3 Benefits of obsolescence management
Effective obsolescence management typically delivers:
• an understanding of the current and future obsolescence risk being carried by an
organization;
• a lower overall risk to an organization’s objectives from obsolescence;
– 14 – IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019
• greater information and a framework to support obsolescence risk assessment and
decision making;
• efficiencies through common obsolescence approaches, standards, processes or
knowledge across and between organizations;
• more resolutions and time to respond to obsolescence risk and issues.
4.4 Obsolescence management process
The obsolescence management process contains the following steps, which are detailed in
the clauses below:
• establishing an obsolescence management policy (see Clause 5);
• establishing an infrastructure and an organization (see Clause 6);
• developing an OMP (see Clause 7);
• developing strategies to minimize obsolescence during design (see Clause 8);
• determining an obsolescence management approach (see Clause 9);
• selecting obsolescence resolution and implementation (see Clause 10);
• measuring and improving the performance of the outcomes of the obsolescence
management activities (see Clause 11).
Figure 1 – Obsolescence management activities
Figure 1 describes the obsolescence management activities that should be considered
throughout the life cycle phases of an item. The diagram has been simplified to identify the
activities of an obsolescence management process.
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 15 –
The end user’s requirements (including technical, business and social) for the item have to be
taken into consideration when performing and initiating the obsolescence management
activities by setting an obsolescence management policy. The output of the obsolescence
management process is a continuously evolving OMP. The obsolescence management
organization sets up the necessary resources to implement the obsolescence management
activities and strategies.
As each sub item is considered for the design it is selected from sustainable technologies and
assessed, identifying obsolescence risks and issues for the life of the item. As part of the
sustainment strategy, each sub item is fully identified (see 8.10) from the assessed
manufacturers which are selected from the technology strategies (see 8.6).
Figure 2 details the obsolescence risk and issues box within Figure 1.
The general approach selected to treat the level of risk for each of the technologies of the
item is added to the OMP, including approaches for critical sub items monitoring notices as
necessary. All individual sub items may be recorded within the OMP or a reference document,
with their selected approach, resolution and implementation, as necessary. During the life
cycle of the item the status information of each sub item may change the level of risk, which
may change the selected approach and resolution. This would result in the need to update
with the changes during the monitoring and surveillance stage of the process.
Figure 2 – Assessments identifying obsolescence risks and issues
The plan owner monitors the status of each sub item from their manufacturer's surveillance.
The OMP should identify the level of risk for the technology of the sub item becoming
obsolete which should determine the monitoring review period and therefore which sub items
need monitoring regularly.
A list of examples of resolutions for each approach is given below. These have been
suggested under either a proactive or reactive approach, but some can be interchangeable
with either approach to treat the risk level.
A proactive approach to item obsolescence risks may initiate:
• design considerations (see 8.1):
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– modularity (see 8.4);
– technology transparency (see 8.5);
• planned design changes/upgrades (see 10.6);
nd
• extended production (see 10.2, 2 bullet);
• authorized continuing manufacturer;
• proactive life of need buy (LNB) to avoid obsolescence and materiel shortages (see 10.3);
th
• preservation – technology long term storage (for example die banking) (see 10.2 7
bullet).
A reactive approach to item obsolescence issues may entail:
st
• searching for existing stock (see 10.2, 1 bullet);
• processing an LNB reacting to a notification of obsolescence (see 10.3);
• substituting items (see 10.4) as an:
– equivalent item;
– alternative item;
• researching an aftermarket solution provider who may perform:
th
bullet);
– divestment – IPR transfer (see 10.2, 4
th
– reclamation (see 10.2, 6 bullet);
– emulation/reverse engineering (see 10.5);
th
– repair (see 10.2, 5 bullet);
• design changes/upgrades (see 10.6 minor design change);
• introducing a new item (see 10.6 major design change);
• no action – no impact (see 10.2 last bullet).
Figure 3 suggests periods when obsolescence activities may be used in an item's life cycle.
IEC 62402:2019 © IEC 2019 – 17 –
Figure 3 – Item's life cycle versus ob
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