SIST EN 115-1:2009
(Main)Safety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Construction and installation
Safety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Construction and installation
This standard is applicable for new escalators and moving walks (pallet or belt type) as defined in Clause 3. This standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to escalators and moving walks when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This standard does not deal with hazards arising from seismic activities. This document is not applicable to escalators and moving walks which were manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. It is, however, recommended that existing installations be adapted to this standard.
Sicherheit von Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteigen - Teil 1: Konstruktion und Einbau
1.1 Diese Norm gilt für neue Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteige (Paletten- oder Gurtkonstruktion) wie im Abschnitt 3 angegeben.
Diese Norm behandelt alle für Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteige signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungs-situationen und Gefährdungsereignisse (wie in Abschnitt 4 angegeben), wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter Bedingungen, die vom Hersteller als Fehlanwendung vernünftigerweise vorhersehbar sind, verwendet werden.
1.2 Diese Norm behandelt keine Gefährdungen, die durch seismische Aktivitäten hervorgerufen werden.
1.3 Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteige, die hergestellt wurden, bevor CEN dieses Dokument veröffentlichte. Es wird jedoch empfohlen, dass bestehende Anlagen an diese Norm angepasst werden.
Sécurité des escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants - Partie 1: Construction et installation
1.1 La présente norme est applicable aux nouveaux escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants (à palettes ou à bande) tels que définis à l’Article 3.
Cette norme prend en compte tous les risques significatifs, les situations et événements dangereux relatifs aux escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants, utilisés conformément à l’usage pour lequel ils ont été prévus ainsi que dans des cas d’utilisations inappropriées qui peuvent être raisonnablement prévisibles par le constructeur (voir Article 4).
1.2 Cette norme ne prend pas en compte les risques émanant de l’activité sismique.
1.3 Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants fabriqués avant la date de publication de ce document en tant que norme EN. Il est toutefois recommandé que les installations existantes soient adaptées à cette norme.
NOTE Pour ce type particulier de machines le bruit n’est pas considéré comme un risque significatif ou pertinent.
Varnost tekočih stopnic in trakov za osebe (stez) - 1. del: Konstrukcija in vgradnja
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Sicherheit von Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteigen - Teil 1: Konstruktion und EinbauSafety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Construction and installation91.140.90Lifts. EscalatorsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 115-1:2008SIST EN 115-1:2009en,fr,de01-april-2009SIST EN 115-1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 115:1997/A2:2004SIST EN 115:1997/A1:19991DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 115-1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 115-1July 2008ICS 91.140.90Supersedes EN 115:1995
English VersionSafety of escalators and moving walks - Part 1: Constructionand installationSécurité des escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants -Partie 1: Construction et installationSicherheit von Fahrtreppen und Fahrsteigen - Teil 1:Konstruktion und EinbauThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 115-1:2008: ESIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions - Symbols and abbreviations.8 3.1 Terms and definitions.8 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations.10 4 List of significant hazards.12 4.1 General.12 4.2 Mechanical hazards.13 4.3 Electric hazards.13 4.4 Radiation hazards.13 4.5 Fire hazard.14 4.6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design.14 4.7 Hazard generated by failure of control circuit.14 4.8 Hazards generated by break-up during operation.14 4.9 Slipping, tripping and falling hazards.14 4.10 Hazards specific for this type of machine.15 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.15 5.1 General.15 5.2 Supporting structure (truss) and enclosure.16 5.3 Steps, pallets, belt.17 5.4 Drive unit.21 5.5 Balustrade.26 5.6 Handrail system.30 5.7 Landings.31 5.8 Machinery spaces, driving station and return stations.32 5.9 Fire protection.34 5.10 Transportation.34 5.11 Electric installations and appliances.41 5.12 Protection against electric faults - controls.45 6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures.52 6.1 General.52 6.2 Specific data, test reports and certificates.54 7 Information for use.55 SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 3 7.1 General.55 7.2 Signals and warning devices.55 7.3 Inspection and test.56 7.4 Accompanying documents (in particular, instruction handbook).57 7.5 Marking.60 Annex A (normative)
Building interfaces.61 Annex B (normative)
Electronic components - Failure exclusion.66 Annex C (normative)
Drafting and assessing fail safe circuits.71 Annex D (normative)
Testing of fail safe circuits containing electronic components.72 Annex E (informative)
Design guide-line for safety circuits.75 Annex F (informative)
Examples of possible dynamic torsional tests for steps and pallets.76 Annex G (normative)
Safety signs for the user of escalators and moving walks.79 Annex H (informative)
Guidelines for selection and planning of escalators and moving walks.81 Annex I (normative)
Requirements on escalators and moving walks intended to transport shopping trolleys and baggage carts.82 Annex J (informative)
Determination of anti-slip properties of the tread surfaces of steps and pallets, of comb plates and cover plate.84 Annex K (informative)
Determination of sliding properties of footwear on balustrade skirting.86 Annex L (informative)
Interpretations of EN 115-1:2008.87 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 98/37/EC.89 Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC.90 Bibliography.91
SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 115-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 115:1995. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document. This standard is part of the EN 115 series of standards: “Safety of escalators and moving walks”. Considering that EN 115:1995 had given rise to requests for interpretation and this standard did not fully comply with EN 414 (today CEN Guide 414 "Safety of machinery - Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards"), CEN/TC 10 asked its working group 2 to revise EN 115:1995. This task was completed by CEN/TC 10/WG 2 in 2007 by: taking into account the interpretations;
taking over the agreed upon points from the work carried out by ISO/TC 178/WG 5; adapting the requirements to the state of the art using the risk assessment methodology as given in ISO/TS 14798:2006 [1]; improving the references to other standards according to the progress in that field; covering the requirements of CEN Guide 414 by creating a new structure which addresses the safety rules for the machine and provides requirements in the normative annexes and information in the informative annexes; increasing the measures against foreseeable misuse; reviewing the safety requirements for escalators and moving walks; discussing the comments arising from the CEN Enquiry. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 5 Introduction This standard is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. When the provisions of this C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. The purpose of this standard is to define safety requirements for escalators and moving walks in order to safeguard people and objects against risks of accidents during installation, operation, maintenance and inspection work. The contents of this standard are based on the assumption that persons using escalators and moving walks are able to do so unaided. However, physical and sensory abilities in a population can vary over a wide range, escalators and moving walks are also likely to be used by persons with a range of other disabilities.
Some individuals, in particular older people, might have more than one impairment. Some individuals are not able to use an escalator or moving walk independently and rely on assistance/support being provided by a companion. Furthermore some individuals can be encumbered by objects or be responsible for other persons, which can affect their mobility. The extent to which an individual is incapacitated by impairments and encumbrances often depends on the usability of products, facilities and the environment. The use of wheelchairs on escalators and moving walks can lead to dangerous situations which cannot be mitigated by machine designs and therefore should not be permitted. The use of lifts is the preferred method of vertical travel for most people with disabilities and in particular wheelchair users and persons with guide dogs. Additional signs should be provided to indicate the location of other facilities, these facilities should be in close proximity to the escalators and moving walks and easy to find.
It is assumed that negotiations have been made for each contract between the customer and the supplier/installer (see also Annex A) about: a) intended use of the escalator or moving walk; b) environmental conditions; c) civil engineering problems; d) other aspects related to the place of installation. If escalators or moving walks are intended to be operated under special conditions, such as directly exposed to the weather or explosive atmosphere, or in exceptional cases serve as emergency exits, appropriate design criteria, components, materials and instructions for use should be used that satisfy the particular conditions.
An Interpretation Committee has been established to clarify, if necessary, the spirit in which the clauses of the standard have been drafted and to specify the requirements appropriate to particular cases. Interpretation Requests can be sent to the National Standard Bodies which will contact the responsible Technical Committee CEN/TC 10. The formats of an interpretation request and the interpretation are given in Annex L. SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope 1.1 This standard is applicable for new escalators and moving walks (pallet or belt type) as defined in Clause 3. This standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to escalators and moving walks when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). 1.2 This standard does not deal with hazards arising from seismic activities. 1.3 This document is not applicable to escalators and moving walks which were manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. It is, however, recommended that existing installations be adapted to this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design
EN 1929-2, Basket trolleys - Part 2: Requirements, tests and inspection for basket trolleys with or without a child carrying facility, intended to be used on passenger conveyors EN 1929-4, Basket trolleys - Part 4: Requirements and tests for basket trolleys with additional goods carrying facility(ies), with or without a child carrying facility, intended to be used on passenger conveyors EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 10025-1, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 1: General technical delivery conditions EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 10025-3, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels EN 10025-4, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels EN 10025-5, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance EN 10025-6, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 6: Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
EN 10083-1, Steels for quenching and tempering - Part 1: General technical delivery conditions
EN 10083-2, Steels for quenching and tempering - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non alloy steels
EN 10083-3, Steels for quenching and tempering - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for alloy steels SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 7 EN 12015, Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks – Emission EN 12016, Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks – Immunity EN 13015:2001, Maintenance for lifts and escalators – Rules for maintenance instructions EN 13501-1:2007, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests EN 60068-2-6:1995, Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Tests Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6:1995 + Corrigendum 1995) EN 60068-2-14, Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:1984 + A1:1986) EN 60068-2-27:1993, Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock (IEC 60068-2-27:1987) EN 60068-2-29, Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2: Tests; Test Eb and guidance: Bump (IEC 60068-2-29:1987) EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60269-1, Low-voltage fuses - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60269-1:2006) EN 60439-1:1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies (IEC 60439 1:1999) EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1:2007) EN 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters; Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000) EN 60947-5-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003) EN 61249 series, Materials for printed boards and other interconnecting structures (IEC 61249 series) EN 61558-1:2005, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products - Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61558-1:2005)
EN 62326-1, Printed boards - Part 1: Generic specification (IEC 62326-1:2002) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO 13849-2:2003) EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006) SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 8 EN ISO 13857:2006, Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by the upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public areas (Note: Corrected and reprinted in 2003-12) ISO 3864-3, Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs HD 21.3 S3, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 3: Non-sheathed cables for fixed wiring (IEC 60227-3:1993, modified) HD 21.4 S2, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring HD 21.5 S3, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 5: Flexible cables (cords) (IEC 60227-5:1979, modified) HD 22.4 S4, Cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V and having crosslinked insulation - Part 4: Cords and flexible cables HD 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364- 4-41:2005, modified) IEC 60747-5-5, Semiconductor devices - Discrete devices -- Part 5-5: Optoelectronic devices – Photocouplers (NOTE: This standard is intended to be published unmodified as an EN 60747-5-5.) 3 Terms and definitions - Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1.1
angle of inclination maximum angle to the horizontal in which the steps, the pallets or the belt move 3.1.2 balustrade part of the escalator/moving walk which ensures the user's safety by providing stability, protecting from moving parts and supporting the handrail 3.1.3 balustrade decking transverse member of the balustrade which meets the handrail guidance profile and which forms the top cover of the balustrade
3.1.4 brake load load on the step/pallet/belt which the brake system is designed to stop the escalator/moving walk 3.1.5 a comb pronged section at each landing that meshes with the grooves SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 9 3.1.5 b comb plate platform at each landing to which the combs are attached 3.1.6 electrical safety system safety related part of the electrical control system as an arrangement of safety circuits and monitoring devices 3.1.7 electrical safety devices part of a safety circuit consisting of safety switches and/or fail safe circuits 3.1.8 escalator power-driven, inclined, continuous moving stairway used for raising or lowering persons in which the user carrying surface (e.g. steps) remains horizontal
NOTE Escalators are machines - even when they are out of operation - and cannot be considered as fixed staircases. 3.1.9 exterior panel
part of the exterior side of the enclosure of an escalator or moving walk 3.1.10 fail safe circuit safety related electrical and/or electronic system with defined failure mode behaviour 3.1.11 handrail power-driven moving rail for persons to grip while using the escalator or moving walk 3.1.12 interior panel
panel located between the skirting or lower inner decking and the handrail guidance profile or balustrade decking 3.1.13 a lower inner decking
profile that connects the skirting with the interior panel when they do not meet at a common point 3.1.13 b lower outer decking profile that connects the exterior panels with the interior panel 3.1.14 machinery escalator or moving walk machine(s) mechanisms and associated equipment 3.1.15 machinery spaces space(s) inside or outside of the truss where the machinery as a whole or in parts is placed 3.1.16 maximum capacity maximum flow of persons that can be achieved under operational conditions SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 10 3.1.17 moving walk power-driven installation for the conveyance of persons in which the user carrying surface remains parallel to its direction of motion and is uninterrupted (e.g. pallets, belt)
NOTE Moving walks are machines - even when they are out of operation – and should not be used as a fixed access. 3.1.18 newel end of the balustrade 3.1.19 nominal speed speed in the direction of the moving steps, pallets or the belt, when operating the equipment under no load condition (i.e. without persons), stated by the manufacturer as that for which the escalator or moving walk has been designed NOTE Rated speed is the speed the escalator/moving walk moves under rated load conditions. 3.1.20 rated load load which the equipment is designed to move NOTE For maximum capacity, see Annex H. 3.1.21 rise vertical distance between the upper and lower finished floor levels 3.1.22 safety circuit part of the electric safety system consisting of electrical safety devices 3.1.23 skirting vertical part of the balustrade interfacing with the steps, pallets or belt 3.1.24 skirt deflector device to minimise the risk of trapping between the step and the skirting 3.1.25 stand-by operation mode in which an escalator/moving walk can be stopped or operated under no load condition with any speed below the nominal speed 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations The following symbols and corresponding units of measurement of the following Table 1 are used in this standard. SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 11 Table 1 — Symbols and corresponding units of measurement used in this standard Symbol Designation Unit Figure b1 Distance between the handrail centre lines m 3 b2 Width of the handrail mm 3 b3 Horizontal distance between skirting and interior panel mm 3 b4 Width of the horizontal part of the lower inner decking that directly joins the interior panel mm 3 b5 Horizontal distance between the inner edge of the handrail and the top edge of the interior panel mm 3 b6', b6'' Horizontal distance between the handrail profile and guide or cover profiles mm 3 b7 Width of the grooves mm 2 b8 Web width mm 2 b9 Horizontal distance between the outer edge of the handrail and a non-continuous obstruction, e.g. roof intersection, column mm A.1 b10 Horizontal distance between the outer edge of the handrail and a continuous obstruction, e.g. wall mm A.1 b11 Horizontal distance between the handrails of adjacent escalators/moving walks mm A.1 b12 Vertical distance between the lower edge of the handrail and the balustrade decking mm 3 b13 Width of the lower outer decking mm 4 b14 Horizontal distance between the outer edges of interior panels on adjacent escalators or moving walks mm 4 b15 Horizontal distance between the building structure (wall) and the centreline of the handrail mm 4 b16 Horizontal distance between the centrelines of the handrails of adjacent escalators/moving walks mm 4 b17 Horizontal distance of the anti-slide device to the outer edge of the handrail mm 4 h1 Vertical distance between the top of the handrail and step nose or pallet surface or belt surface m 2, 3 h2 Vertical distance between top edge of skirting or bottom edge of cover joints and the line of the step nose or the tread surface of the pallets or belt mm 3 h3 Distance between the entry of handrail into the newel and the floor m 2,3 h4 Free height above any point of step surfaces, pallets or belt over the area between both outer edges of the handrails m 2, A.1 h5 Height of the deflector m 2,4
SIST EN 115-1:2009
EN 115-1:2008 (E) 12
Table 1 (continued) Symbol Designation Unit Figure h6 Clearance between the upper edge of the tread surface and the root of the comb teeth mm 2 h7 Depth of the grooves mm 2 h8 Mesh depth of the comb into the grooves of the tread mm 2 h9 Vertical distance between floor and lower end of the anti-climbing device mm 4 h10 Vertical distance between lower edge of the handrail and upper end of the access restriction device mm 4 h11 Height of the anti-slide device mm 4 h12 Height of the upper edge of the free space outside the handrail mm A.1 h13 Vertical distance between the upper and lower finished floor levels m 2 L1 Root of the comb teeth - 2 l1 Horizontal distance between supports m 2 L2 Comb inte
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