SIST EN 1540:2022
(Main)Workplace exposure - Terminology
Workplace exposure - Terminology
This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or are specific to physical and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe fest, die im Zusammenhang mit der Bewertung der chemischen und biologischen Stoffbelastung am Arbeitsplatz stehen. Dabei handelt es sich entweder um allgemeine Begriffe oder um Begriffe, die für die physikalischen und chemischen Vorgänge bei der Luftprobenahme, das Analyseverfahren oder die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens spezifisch sind.
Das Dokument enthält Begriffe von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung, deren Definition erforderlich ist, um Mehrdeutigkeiten zu vermeiden und um einen widerspruchsfreien Gebrauch dieser Begriffe sicher zu stellen.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie
Le présent document spécifie les termes et définitions liés à l'évaluation de l'exposition aux agents chimiques et biologiques sur les lieux de travail. Il s'agit soit de termes généraux, soit de termes spécifiques aux processus physiques et chimiques de prélèvement de l'air, à la méthode d'analyse ou aux performances de la méthode.
Les termes inclus sont ceux qui sont apparus fondamentaux parce que leur définition est nécessaire pour éviter toute ambiguïté et assurer un usage cohérent.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Terminologija
Ta dokument določa izraze in definicije, ki so povezane z ocenjevanjem izpostavljenosti kemičnim in biološkim dejavnikom na delovnem mestu. To so splošni izrazi ali posebni izrazi za fizične in kemične procese vzorčenja zraka, analitično metodo ali delovanje metode.
Vključeni izrazi so tisti, ki so bili prepoznani kot ključni, ker je njihova definicija potrebna pri izogibanju dvoumnostim in zagotavljanju doslednosti uporabe.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1540:2022
01-marec-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1540:2012
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Terminologija
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1540:2021
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
SIST EN 1540:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 1540:2022
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SIST EN 1540:2022
EN 1540
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.13; 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 1540:2011
English Version
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 December 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1540:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 1540:2022
EN 1540:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 5
3.1.1 Agents and air pollutants . 5
3.1.2 Particles . 6
3.1.3 Exposure assessment . 11
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling . 13
3.3 Terms related to the analytical method. 19
3.4 Terms related to method performance . 20
3.4.1 Efficiencies . 20
3.4.2 Uncertainties . 21
3.4.3 General statistical terms . 24
3.4.4 Other statistical terms . 26
Annex A (informative) Trilingual alphabetical index of terms defined . 27
Bibliography . 35
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EN 1540:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 1540:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of
workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1540:2011.
The major technical changes between this document and the previous edition are as follows:
a) The given terminology has been re-adjusted, where appropriate, to ISO 18158:2016, which
represents a modified ISO-adoption of EN 1540:2011.
b) The subdivision and order of the terms and definitions has partly been changed and simplified by
deleting some subheadings.
c) The following terms and definitions (admitted terms given in italic) have been added:
1) General terms:
aerodynamic diameter, aerodynamic equivalent diameter, agglomerate, aggregate, air sampling
device, appraiser, coagulation, diffusive diameter, diffusive equivalent diameter, dustiness mass
fraction, effective density, equivalent density, exposure by inhalation, exposure profile, inhalation
exposure, material density, median diameter, median particle diameter, microbial compound,
mobility diameter, mobility equivalent diameter, nanomaterial, nano-object, nanoparticle,
nanoscale, particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter, particle diffusive diameter, particle diffusive
equivalent diameter, particle material density, particle mobility diameter, particle mobility
equivalent diameter, particle number concentration, particle size, particle size distribution,
particle surface area, similar exposure group, source domain, surface area, ultrafine particle,
volume diameter, volume equivalent diameter
2) Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling:
area sampling, back pressure, blank, blank sample, direct-reading instrument, flow-controlled
pump, method blank, pressure drop, real-time monitor, stationary sampler, sampling cassette,
vapour sampler
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3) Terms related to the analytical method:
test gas
4) Terms related to method performance:
collection efficiency, measurement bias, measurement precision, repeatability condition of
measurement, reproducibility condition of measurement, sampler bias, sampling bias
d) The term "thermodynamic diameter" is no longer used (see 3.1.2.12).
e) The term "efficiency curve" has been deleted as synonymous term for "sampling efficiency".
f) In Annex A, an additional column has been introduced for symbols commonly used.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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EN 1540:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure
to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or terms which are specific to physical
and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is
necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1 Agents and air pollutants
3.1.1.1
biological agent
bacteria, viruses, fungi and other micro-organisms or microbial compounds, including those which have
been genetically modified, cell cultures and human endoparasites which can provoke hazardous effects
Note 1 to entry: Examples for hazardous effects are infections, allergies, poisoning and inflammations.
Note 2 to entry: Dusts of organic origin, for example pollen, flour dust and wood dust, are not considered to be
biological agents and are therefore not covered by this definition.
3.1.1.2
chemical agent
chemical element or compound on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced,
used, or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally
and whether or not placed on the market
[SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC Art. 2(a)]
3.1.1.3
air pollutant
chemical or biological agent emitted into the atmosphere either by human activity or natural processes
and adversely affecting humans or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.1, modified – "material" has been replaced with "chemical or biological
agent".]
3.1.1.4
airborne dust
chemical and/or biological agent(s) in solid form, dispersed in air
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3.1.1.5
airborne particle
chemical or biological agent in solid or liquid form, dispersed in air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.3, modified – Singular form of term has been used and "fine matter" has
been replaced with "chemical or biological agent".]
3.1.1.6
total airborne particles
all airborne particles present in a given volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.4, modified – "all" has been added.]
3.1.1.7
aerosol
airborne particles and the gas (and vapour) mixture in which they are suspended
Note 1 to entry: The airborne particles can be in or out of equilibrium with their own vapours.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.1]
3.1.1.8
bioaerosol
biological agent(s) suspended in air
Note 1 to entry: Airborne dusts of organic origin, for example cotton dust, flour dust and wood dust, are not
considered being bioaerosols and are therefore not covered by this definition.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.2, modified – "aerosol consisting of (a)" has been deleted from the
beginning of the definition and "suspended in air" has been added at the end of the definition.]
3.1.1.9
microbial compound
cell or cell wall component or metabolite of microbial origin
Note 1 to entry: Microbial compounds also include the chemical agents which are produced by microorganisms.
Note 2 to entry: Endotoxins, glucans, mycotoxins and enzymes are examples of microbial compounds. Microbial
DNA is also included in this definition.
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2019, 3.17 modified – New Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.1.10
vapour
gas phase of a substance in a state of equilibrium or disturbed equilibrium with the same substance in a
liquid or solid state below its boiling or sublimation point
3.1.2 Particles
3.1.2.1
health-related fractions
fractions of airborne particles penetrating to different regions of the respiratory tract
Note 1 to entry: The health-related fractions are the inhalable fraction, the thoracic fraction and the respirable
fraction.
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3.1.2.2
inhalable fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.2.3
thoracic fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which penetrate beyond the larynx
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.3]
3.1.2.4
respirable fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which penetrate to the unciliated airways
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.4]
3.1.2.5
nanoparticle
ultrafine particle
particle with an equivalent diameter less than 0,1 µm
Note 1 to entry: The term ultrafine particle is often used in the context of particles produced as a by-product of a
process (incidental particles), such as welding fume and combustion fume.
Note 2 to entry: An equivalent diameter can be aerodynamic, diffusive, mobility, volume, geometric, projected-
area or otherwise equivalent.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, A.2.2, modified – "nanoparticle" has been introduced as preferred
term and the original Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been replaced by new Notes to entry.]
3.1.2.6
particle size
linear dimension of a particle determined by a specified measuring procedure and under specified
measurement conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, modified – "measurement method" has been replaced with "measuring
procedure".]
3.1.2.7
particle size distribution
distribution of particles as a function of particle size
Note 1 to entry: Particle size distribution can be expressed as cumulative distribution or a distribution density
(distribution of the fraction of material in a particle size class, divided by the width of that class).
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN ISO 14644-1:2015.
[SOURCE: EN 17199-1:2019, 3.6]
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3.1.2.8
particle number concentration
C
N
number of particles related to the unit volume of the carrier gas
−3
Note 1 to entry: The particle number concentration is given as number per cubic centimetre [cm ].
[SOURCE: EN 16897:2017, 3.7, modified – The original Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted and
replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.2.9
dustiness
propensity of materials to produce airborne dust during handling
Note 1 to entry: Dustiness is not an intrinsic property as it depends on how it is measured.
3.1.2.10
dustiness mass fraction
w
D
ratio of a health-related fraction of airborne dust produced by the dustiness test procedure to the test
mass for the respective test method
3.1.2.11
particle aerodynamic diameter
aerodynamic diameter
particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter
aerodynamic equivalent diameter
d
ae
3
diameter of a sphere of 1 g/cm density with the same terminal settling velocity in calm air as the particle,
under the prevailing conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity
Note 1 to entry: In the human respiratory tract, the separation of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller
than approximately 0,4 µm is better characterized by the particle diffusive equivalent diameter.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.8, modified – Further admitted terms, letter symbol and Note 1 to entry
have been taken over from EN 16966:2018.]
3.1.2.12
particle diffusive diameter
particle diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive diameter
DEPRECATED: thermodynamic diameter
d
de
diameter of a sphere with the same diffusion coefficient as the particle under prevailing condition of
temperature and pressure within the respiratory tract
Note 1 to entry: For particles with aerodynamic diameter above approximately 0,4 μm, the aerodynamic
diameter becomes more significant in characterizing deposition than particle diffusive diameter.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13138:2012, 3.2, modified — 'Particle diffusive diameter" has been introduced as new
preferred term, further admitted terms have been added, term 'thermodynamic diameter' is referred as
deprecated; the original Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been deleted and replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.]
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3.1.2.13
particle mobility diameter
particle mobility equivalent diameter
mobility equivalent diameter
mobility diameter
d
me
diameter of a sphere carrying a single elementary charge with the same drift speed in an electric field as
the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: The mobility diameter of a particle depends on its size, shape and electric charge level (which
depends on the charging process involving its capacitance, i.e. its capacity to become electrically charged by bipolar
air ions), but not of its density.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.21]
3.1.2.14
volume diameter
volume equivalent diameter
diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and
pressure
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.25, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.2.15
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external
surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces,
or simple physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.1]
3.1.2.16
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area can be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those
resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, 3.5]
3.1.2.17
coagulation
process caused by relative motion between particles which causes particles to collide with each other
and thereafter adhering to one another
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.5, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
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3.1.2.18
equivalent density
effective density
ratio of mass of an agglomerate/aggregate to the volume of a sphere defined by an equivalent diameter
of the same agglomerate/aggregate
Note 1 to entry: The equivalent density generally decreases as the size of an agglomerate/aggregate increases.
Note 2 to entry: An equivalent diameter can be aerodynamic, diffusive, mobility, volume, geometric, projected-
area or otherwise equivalent.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.7, modified – "effective density" has been replaced in Note 1 to entry by
"equivalent density" and Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.1.2.19
material density
particle material density
ratio of particle mass to particle volume excluding all pores, voids and other gas containing compartments
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.11]
3.1.2.20
median diameter
median particle diameter
particle size of a particle distribution for which one-half of the total number of particles are larger and
one-half are smaller
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.12, modified – The word "of" has been added between "one-half" and "the
total number".]
3.1.2.21
nanomaterial
material with any external dimensions in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure
in the nanoscale
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.4]
3.1.2.22
nano-object
discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale
Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each
other.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.5]
3.1.2.23
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm
Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this
length range.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.1]
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3.1.2.24
surface area
particle surface area
external (geometric) surface area of a particle
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.24, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.3 Exposure assessment
3.1.3.1
workplace
designated area or areas in which the work activities are carried out
3.1.3.2
exposure
situation in which a worker is affected by a chemical agent or a biological agent which is present in the
workplace air
3.1.3.3
inhalation exposure
exposure by inhalation
situation in which a chemical agent or biological agent is present in the air that is inhaled by a person
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.1, modified – General term "exposure", for which a new definition has
been introduced, has been changed to "inhalation exposure" and "exposure by inhalation" used as
admitted term; the context reference "" has been deleted from the definition.]
3.1.3.4
dermal exposure
contact between a chemical agent or biological agent and human skin
3.1.3.5
occupational exposure limit value
OELV
limit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing
zone of a worker in relation to a specified reference period
Note 1 to entry: The term “limit value” is often used as a synonym for “occupational exposure limit value” but the
term “occupational exposure limit value” is preferred because there is more than one limit value (e.g. biological limit
value and occupational exposure limit value).
Note 2 to entry: Occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) are often set for reference periods of 8 h but can also
be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions. OELVs for gases and vapours are stated in terms independent
3
of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m (equivalent to ppm) and in terms dependent on those variables
3
in mg/m for a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. OELVs for airborne particles and mixtures of
3
particles and vapours are given in mg/m or multiples of that for actual environmental conditions (temperature,
3 3
pressure) at the workplace. OELVs of fibres are given in number of fibres/m or number of fibres/cm for actual
environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) at the workplace.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.4, modified – Cross references in Note 2 to entry have been removed
and "(equivalent to ppm)" added.]
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3.1.3.6
averaging time
period of time for which the measuring procedure yields a single value
Note 1 to entry: For direct reading instruments the averaging time is related to the internal electrical time
constant. For other procedures it is normally equal to the sampling time.
3.1.3.7
breathing zone
space around the nose and mouth from which breath is taken
Note 1 to entry: Technically the breathing zone corresponds to a hemisphere (generally accepted to be 30 cm in
radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joining the ears. The base of the
hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head and the larynx.
3.1.3.8
measuring procedure
measurement procedure
measurement method
set of operations described specifically for the sampling and analysis of chemical agents or biological
agents in workplaces
Note 1 to entry: A measuring procedure usually includes preparation for sampling, conducting the sampling,
transportation and storage, and sample preparation for analysis and conducting the analysis.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.6, modified – "in air" has been replaced with "in workplaces".]
3.1.3.9
reference period
specified period of time for which the occupational exposure limit value of a chemical agent or biological
agent applies
Note 1 to entry: The reference period is usually 8 h for long-term occupational exposure limit values and 15 min
for short-term occupational exposure limit values.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.7, modified – "measurements" has been replaced twice in Note 1 to entry
by "occupational exposure limit values".]
3.1.3.10
appraiser
person who is sufficiently trained and experienced in occupational hygiene principles, working and
measurement techniques to conduct the part of the assessment they are performing according to the
state of the art
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.3.11
exposure profile
description of the exposure variations to a chemical agent in relation to the definable series of activities
from the periods under consideration
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.2, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
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3.1.3.12
similar exposure group
SEG
group of workers having the same general exposure profile for the chemical and/or biological agent(s)
being studied because of the similarity and frequency of the tasks performed, the materials and processes
with which they work, and the similarity of the way they perform the tasks
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.3, modified – "and/or biological" has been added.]
3.1.3.13
source domain
SD
generation mechanism that determines particle emission characteristics for a particular life cycle stage
Note 1 to entry: Different mechanisms determine the emission rate, particle size distribution, source location and
transport of nano-objects, agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) during the various life cycle stages (synthesis,
downstream use, application or treatment of products and end of life).
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 21623:2018, 3.17, modified – Explanation of acronym NOAA has been added.]
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling
3.2.1
air sample
collected sample
product of the process of air sampling that consists of the collected chemical agents and/or biological
agents only
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.2, modified – "air sample" has been introduced as preferred term and
the parentheses before and after "air" have been removed from the definition.]
3.2.2
sampler
air sampler
air sampling device
device for separating and/or collecting chemical agents and/or biological agents from the surrounding
air
Note 1 to entry: Air samplers are generally designed for a particular purpose, e.g. for sampling gases and vapours
or for sampling airborne particles.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1, modified –"air sampling device" has been introduced as further
admitted term and the domain entry has been removed.]
3.2.3
sampling
air sampling
process consisting of the collection of chemical agents and/or biological agents from air or the
withdrawal or isolation of a fractional part of a larger volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.1, modified – The domain entry has been
removed.]
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3.2.4
sampling method
air sampling method
all steps of the measuring procedure that describe the physical process of air sampling
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.2 modified – The domain entry has been
removed.]
3.2.5
sampling train
one or more air samplers connected in series, along with associated sampling equipment and connecting
tubing, used to collect one or more chemical and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.6, modified – "apparatus consisting of" has been deleted from the
beginning of the definition, "and/or biological" has been added before "agents" and the parentheses
before and after "air" have been removed from the definition.]
3.2.6
personal sample
product of the process of using a sampler, attached to a person, to collect gases, vapours, and/or airborne
particles in the breathing zone for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or
biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.3]
3.2.7
p
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1540:2020
01-september-2020
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Terminologija
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1540
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
oSIST prEN 1540:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1540:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1540
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2020
ICS 01.040.13; 13.040.30 Will supersede EN 1540:2011
English Version
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 137.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1540:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 5
3.1.1 Agents . 5
3.1.2 Air pollutants . 5
3.1.3 Particles . 6
3.1.4 Exposure assessment . 11
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace (air) sampling . 13
3.3 Terms related to the analytical method. 18
3.4 Terms related to method performance . 20
3.4.1 Efficiencies . 20
3.4.2 Uncertainties . 20
3.4.3 General statistical terms . 23
3.4.4 Other statistical terms . 25
Annex A (informative) Trilingual English alphabetical index of terms defined. 26
Bibliography . 35
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1540:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137
“Asssessment to workplace exposure of chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1540:2011.
The major technical changes between this document and the previous edition are as follows:
a) The given terminology has been re-adjusted, where appropriate, to ISO 18158:2016, which
represents a modified ISO-adoption of EN 1540:2011;
b) The subdivision and order of the terms and definitions has partly been changed and simplified by
deleting some subheadings;
c) The following terms and definitions (synonymous terms given in italic) have been added:
1) General terms:
aerodynamic diameter, aerodynamic equivalent diameter, agglomerate, aggregate, (air)
sampling device, appraiser, coagulation, diffusive diameter, diffusive equivalent diameter,
dustiness mass fraction, effective density, equivalent density, exposure by inhalation, exposure
profile, inhalation exposure, material density, median diameter, median particle diameter,
microbial compound, mobility diameter, mobility equivalent diameter, nanomaterial, nano-
object, nanoparticle, nanoscale, particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter, particle diffusive
diameter, particle diffusive equivalent diameter, particle material density, particle mobility
diameter, particle mobility equivalent diameter, particle number concentration, particle size,
particle size distribution, particle surface area, similar exposure group, source domain, surface
area, ultrafine particle, volume diameter, volume equivalent diameter
2) Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace (air) sampling:
area sampling, back pressure, blank, blank sample, direct-reading instrument, flow-controlled
pump, method blank, pressure drop, real-time monitor, sampling cassette, vapour sampler
3) Terms related to the analytical method:
test gas
4) Terms related to method performance:
analytical error, collection efficiency, measurement bias, measurement error, measurement
precision, random error, random error of measurement, random measurement error, random
sampling error, repeatability condition of measurement, reproducibility condition of
measurement, sampler bias, sampling bias, sampling error, systematic analytical error,
systematic error, systematic sampling error, systematic sampling uncertainty
d) The term "thermodynamic diameter" is no longer used (see 3.1.3.12).
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e) The term "efficiency curve" has been deleted as synonymous term for "sampling efficiency".
f) In Annex A, an additional column has been introduced for symbols used.
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1 Scope
This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure
to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or are specific to physical and
chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is
necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1 Agents
3.1.1.1
biological agent
bacteria, viruses, fungi and other micro-organisms or microbial compounds, including those which have
been genetically modified, cell cultures and human endoparasites which can provoke hazardous effects
Note 1 to entry: Examples for hazardous effects are infections, allergies, toxicity and inflammations.
Note 2 to entry: Dusts of organic origin, for example pollen, flour dust and wood dust, are not considered to be
biological agents and are therefore not covered by this definition.
3.1.1.2
chemical agent
chemical element or compound on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced,
used, or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced
intentionally and whether or not placed on the market
3.1.2 Air pollutants
3.1.2.1
air pollutant
chemical or biological agent emitted into the atmosphere either by human activity or natural processes
and adversely affecting humans or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.1, modified – "material" has been replaced with "chemical or biological
agent"]
3.1.2.2
airborne dust
chemical or biological agent in solid form, dispersed in air
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3.1.2.3
airborne particles
chemical or biological agent in solid or liquid form, dispersed in air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.3, modified – "fine matter" has been replaced with "chemical or
biological agent"]
3.1.2.4
total airborne particles
airborne particles present in a given volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.4]
3.1.2.5
aerosol
airborne particles and the gas (and vapour) mixture in which they are suspended
Note 1 to entry: The airborne particles can be in or out of equilibrium with their own vapours.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.1]
3.1.2.6
bioaerosol
biological agent(s) suspended in air
Note 1 to entry: Airborne dusts of organic origin, for example cotton dust, flour dust and wood dust, are not
considered to be bioaerosols and are therefore not covered by this definition.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.2, modified, "aerosol consisting of (a)" deleted from the beginning of
the definition and "suspended in air" added at the end of the definition]
3.1.2.7
microbial compound
cell or cell wall component or metabolite of microbial origin
Note 1 to entry: Endotoxins, glucans, mycotoxins and enzymes are examples of microbial compounds. Microbial
DNA is also included in this definition.
Note 2 to entry: Microbial compounds also include the chemical agents which are produced by microorganisms.
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2019, 3.17 modified, Note 2 to entry added]
3.1.2.8
vapour
gas phase of a substance in a state of equilibrium or disturbed equilibrium with the same substance in a
liquid or solid state below its boiling or sublimation point
3.1.3 Particles
3.1.3.1
health-related fractions
collective term for the fractions of airborne particles penetrating to different
regions of the respiratory tract, i.e. the inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions
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3.1.3.2
inhalable fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
3.1.3.3
thoracic fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which penetrate beyond the larynx
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.3]
3.1.3.4
respirable fraction
mass fraction of airborne particles which penetrate to the unciliated airways
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.4, modified – "total" has been deleted from the definition]
3.1.3.5
nanoparticle
ultrafine particle
particle with a nominal diameter (such as geometric, aerodynamic, mobility, projected-area or
otherwise) of 100 nm or less
Note 1 to entry: The term ultrafine particle is often used in the context of particles produced as a by-product of
a process (incidental particles), such as welding fume and combustion fume.
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 27628:2007, 2.21, modified – "nanoparticle" has been introduced as preferred term
and "ultrafine particle" has been added to Note 1 to entry]
3.1.3.6
particle size
linear dimension of a particle determined by a specified measuring procedure and under specified
measurement conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, modified – "measurement method" has been replaced with "measuring
procedure"]
3.1.3.7
particle size distribution
distribution of particles as a function of particle size
Note 1 to entry: Particle size distribution can be expressed as cumulative distribution or a distribution density
(distribution of the fraction of material in a particle size class, divided by the width of that class).
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN ISO 14644-1:2015.
[SOURCE: EN 17199-1:2019, 3.6]
3.1.3.8
particle number concentration
C
N
number of particles related to the unit volume of the carrier gas
−3
Note 1 to entry: The particle number concentration is given as number per cubic centimetre [cm ].
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[SOURCE: EN 16897:2017, 3.7, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted]
3.1.3.9
dustiness
propensity of materials to produce airborne dust during handling
Note 1 to entry Dustiness is not an intrinsic property as it depends on how it is measured.
3.1.3.10
dustiness mass fraction
w
t
ratio of a health-related fraction of airborne dust produced by the dustiness test procedure to the test
mass for the respective test method t
3.1.3.11
particle aerodynamic diameter
aerodynamic diameter
particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter
aerodynamic equivalent diameter
d
ae
3
diameter of a sphere of 1 g/cm density with the same terminal settling velocity in calm air as the
particle, under the prevailing conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity
Note 1 to entry: In the human respiratory tract, the separation of particles with an aerodynamic diameter
smaller than approximately 0,4 µm is better characterized by the particle diffusive equivalent diameter.
[SOURCE ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.8, modified – Further admitted terms, letter symbol and Note 1 to entry
have been taken over from EN 16966:2018]
3.1.3.12
particle diffusive diameter
particle diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive diameter
DEPRECATED: thermodynamic diameter
d
de
diameter of a sphere with the same diffusion coefficient as the particle under prevailing condition of
temperature and pressure within the respiratory tract
Note 1 to entry: For particles with aerodynamic diameter above approximately 0,4 μm, the aerodynamic
diameter becomes more significant in characterizing deposition than particle diffusive diameter.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13138:2012, 3.2, modified — 'Particle diffusive diameter" has been introduced as new
preferred term, further admitted terms have been added, term 'thermodynamic diameter' is referred as
deprecated; Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been deleted]
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3.1.3.13
particle mobility diameter
particle mobility equivalent diameter
mobility equivalent diameter
mobility diameter
d
me
diameter of a sphere carrying a single elementary charge with the same drift speed in an electric field as
the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: The mobility diameter of a particle depends on its size, shape and electric charge level (which
depends on the charging process involving its capacitance, i.e. its capacity to become electrically charged by
bipolar air ions), but not of its density.
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.21]
3.1.3.14
volume diameter
volume equivalent diameter
diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle under prevailing condition of temperature
and pressure
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.25, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted]
3.1.3.15
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external
surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces,
or simple physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, 3.4]
3.1.3.16
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area can be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or
those resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, 3.5]
3.1.3.17
coagulation
process caused by relative motion between particles which causes particles to collide with each other
and thereafter adhering to one another
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.5, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
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3.1.3.18
equivalent density
effective density
ratio of mass of an agglomerate/aggregate to the volume of a sphere defined by an equivalent diameter
of the same agglomerate/aggregate
Note 1 to entry: The effective density generally decreases as the size of an agglomerate/aggregate increases.
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.7]
3.1.3.19
material density
particle material density
ratio of particle mass to particle volume excluding all pores, voids and other gas containing
compartments
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.11]
3.1.3.20
median diameter
median particle diameter
particle size of a particle distribution for which one-half the total number of particles are larger and
one-half are smaller
[SOURCE: ISO 16972:2010, 3.47]
3.1.3.21
nanomaterial
material with any external dimensions in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure
in the nanoscale
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.4]
3.1.3.22
nano-object
discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale
Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each
other.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.5]
3.1.3.23
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm
Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this
length range.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.1]
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3.1.3.24
surface area
particle surface area
external (geometric) surface area of a particle
[SOURCE EN 16966:2018, 3.24. modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry deleted]
3.1.4 Exposure assessment
3.1.4.1
workplace
designated area or areas in which the work activities are carried out
3.1.4.2
exposure
situation in which a worker is affected by a chemical agent or a biological agent which is present in the
workplace air
3.1.4.3
inhalation exposure
exposure by inhalation
situation in which a chemical agent or biological agent is present in the air that is inhaled by a person
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.1, modified, general term "exposure", for which a new definition has
been introduced, changed to "inhalation exposure" and "exposure by inhalation" as synonymous term,
context "" deleted from the definition]
3.1.4.4
dermal exposure
contact between a chemical agent or biological agent and human skin
3.1.4.5
occupational exposure limit value
OELV
limit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the
breathing zone of a worker in relation to a specified reference period
Note 1 to entry: The term “limit value” is often used as a synonym for “occupational exposure limit value” but
the term “occupational exposure limit value” is preferred because there is more than one limit value (e.g.
biological limit value and occupational exposure limit value).
Note 2 to entry: Occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) are often set for reference periods of 8 h but can
also be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions. OELVs for gases and vapours are stated in terms
3
independent of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m and in terms dependent on those variables in
3
mg/m for a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. OELVs for airborne particles and mixtures of
3
particles and vapours are given in mg/m or multiples of that for actual environmental conditions (temperature,
3 3
pressure) at the workplace. OELVs of fibres are given in number of fibres/m or number of fibres/cm for actual
environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) at the workplace.
[ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.4, modified – Cross references in Note 2 to entry have been removed]
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3.1.4.6
averaging time
period of time for which the measuring procedure yields a single value
Note 1 to entry: For direct reading instruments the averaging time is related to the internal electrical time
constant. For other procedures it is normally equal to the sampling time.
3.1.4.7
breathing zone
space around the nose and mouth from which breath is taken
Note 1 to entry : Technically the breathing zone corresponds to a hemisphere (generally accepted to be 30 cm in
radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joining the ears. The base of the
hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head and the larynx.
3.1.4.8
measuring procedure
measurement procedure
measurement method
set of operations described specifically for the sampling and analysis of chemical agents or biological
agents in workplaces
Note 1 to entry: A measuring procedure usually includes preparation for sampling, conducting the sampling,
transportation and storage, and sample preparation for analysis and conducting the analysis.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.6, modified – "in air" has been replaced with "in workplaces"]
3.1.4.9
reference period
specified period of time for which the occupational exposure limit value of a chemical agent or
biological agent applies
Note 1 to entry: The reference period is usually 8 h for long-term occupational exposure limit values and 15 min
for short-term occupational exposure limit values.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.7, modified, "measurements" replaced two times in the Note 1 to entry
by "occupational exposure limit values".]
3.1.4.10
appraiser
person who is sufficiently trained and experienced in occupational hygiene principles, working and
measurement techniques, to conduct the part of the assessment they are performing according to the
state of the art
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
3.1.4.11
exposure profile
description of the exposure variations to a chemical agent in relation to the definable series of activities
from the periods under consideration
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.2, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted)
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3.1.4.12
similar exposure group
SEG
group of workers having the same general exposure profile for the chemical agent(s) being studied
because of the similarity and frequency of the tasks performed, the materials and processes with which
they work, and the similarity of the way they perform the tasks.
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.3]
3.1.4.13
source domain
SD
generation mechanism that determines particle emission characteristics for a particular life cycle stage
Note 1 to entry Different mechanisms determine the emission rate, particle size distribution, source location
and transport of nano-objects, agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) during the various life cycle stages
(synthesis, downstream use, application or treatment of products and end of life).
[SOURCE CEN ISO/TS 21623:2018, 3.17, modified – Explanation of acronym NOAA has been added]
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace (air) sampling
3.2.1
(air) sample
collected sample
product of the process of air sampling that consists of the collected chemical agents and/or biological
agents only
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.2, modified – "(air) sample" has been introduced as preferred term]
3.2.2
(air) sampler
(air) sampling device
device for separating and/or collecting chemical agents and/or biological
agents from the surrounding air
Note 1 to entry: (Air) samplers are generally designed for a particular purpose, e.g. for sampling gases and
vapours or for sampling airborne particles.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1, modified, synonymous term "(air) sampling device" introduced]
3.2.3
(air) sampling
process consisting of the collection of chemical agents and/or biological agents
(from air) or the withdrawal or isolation of a fractional part of a larger volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.1, modified – "from air" has been put in parentheses]
3.2.4
(air) sampling method
all steps of the measuring procedure that describe the physical process of (air)
sampling
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[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.2]
3.2.5
sampling train
one or more (air) samplers connected in series, along with associated sampling equipment and
connecting tubing, used to collect one or more chemical and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.6, modified – "apparatus consisting of" has been deleted from the
begin of the definition and "and/or biological" has been added before "agents"]
3.2.6
personal sample
product of the process of using a sampler, attached to a person, to collect gases, vapours, and/or
airborne particles in the breathing zone for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents
and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.3]
3.2.7
personal sampler
sampler, attached to a person, that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles in the breathing zone
for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.2]
3.2.8
personal sampling
process of using a sampler, attached to a person, to collect gases, vapours or airborne particles in the
breathing zone for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.3]
3.2.9
static sample
area sample
product of using a sampler in a stationary location that collects gases, vapours and/or airborne particles
for the purpose of measuring the concentration of chemical agents and/or biological agents at the
workplace
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.3, modified, "exposure to ." replaced with ".the concentration of … at
the workplace"]
3.2.10
static sampler
area sampler
stationary sampler, not attached to a person, that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles at a
particular location for the purpose of measuring the concentration of chemical agents and/or biological
agents at the workplace
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.3, modified – "for the purpose of measuring the concentration of
chemical agents and/or biological agent at the workplace" has been added at the end of the definition]
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3.2.11
...
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