SIST EN 14243-3:2019
(Main)Materials obtained from end of life tyres - Part 3: Shreds, cuts and chips - Methods for determining their dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions
Materials obtained from end of life tyres - Part 3: Shreds, cuts and chips - Methods for determining their dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions
This European Standard provides test methods for the determination of the dimension(s) of shreds, cuts and chips (including protruding filaments) produced from all categories of end-of-life tyres at all steps of the treatment processes.
The methods described in this Standard include sample collection and the preparation of a representative sample based on a sampling plan for the purpose of determining dimensions.
This Standard does not cover the operational performance or fitness for use of the materials which are deemed to be a function of agreements between the manufacturer and the customer.
This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. This standard does not establish appropriate safety and health practices and does not determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Materialien aus Altreifen - Teil 3: Reifenschnitzel, Abschnitte und Chips - Methode zur Bestimmung der Abmessungen und Verunreinigungen einschließlich vorstehender Fasern
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Abmessung(en) von Reifenschnipseln, Abschnitten und Chips (einschließlich vorstehender Fäden), die aus allen Kategorien von Altreifen in allen Stufen der Behandlungsprozesse hergestellt werden.
Die in dieser Norm beschriebenen Verfahren enthalten die Probesammlung und die Vorbereitung einer repräsentativen Probe auf Basis eines Probenahmeplans, um die Abmessungen zu bestimmen.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für die Betriebsleistung oder Gebrauchstauglichkeit der Materialien, die als eine Funktion von Vereinbarungen zwischen dem Hersteller und dem Kunden gelten.
Diese Norm enthält nicht die Absicht, alle mit ihrer Verwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsbedenken zu berücksichtigen. Diese Norm legt keine angemessenen Sicherheits- und Gesundheitspraktiken fest und bestimmt nicht die Anwendbarkeit von behördlichen Einschränkungen vor der Verwendung.
Matériaux produits à partir de pneus usagés non réutilisables (PUNR) - Partie 3 : Broyats, coupes et chips - Méthodes de détermination de leur(s) dimension(s) y compris les dimensions des barbules
La présente Norme européenne fournit des méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la (des) dimension(s) des broyats, coupes et chips (y compris les barbules) produits à partir de toutes les catégories de pneus usagés non réutilisables (PUNR) à toutes les étapes des procédés de traitement.
Les méthodes décrites dans la présente norme comprennent la collecte de l'échantillon et la préparation d'un échantillon représentatif sur la base d'un plan d’échantillonnage afin de déterminer des dimensions.
La présente norme ne couvre pas les performances opérationnelles ou l'aptitude à l'emploi des matériaux, considérées dans le cadre d'accords entre le fabricant et le client.
La présente norme ne traite pas de tous les problèmes de sécurité, s'ils existent, associés à son utilisation. La présente norme n'établit pas de bonnes pratiques en matière de sécurité et d'hygiène et ne détermine pas l'applicabilité des limitations réglementaires avant utilisation.
Snovi iz izrabljenih avtomobilskih gum - 3. del: Drobci, odrezki in lističi - Metode za ugotavljanje njihovih mer, vključno z merami štrlečih vlaken
Ta evropski standard določa preskusne metode za določanje mer drobcev, odrezkov in lističev (vključno s štrlečimi vlakni), proizvedenih iz vseh kategorij izrabljenih avtomobilskih gum v vseh korakih procesov obdelave.
Metode, opisane v tem standardu, zajemajo jemanje vzorcev in pripravo reprezentativnega vzorca na podlagi načrta vzorčenja za namene določanja mer.
Ta standard ne zajema operativnega delovanja ali primernosti za uporabo materialov, za katere se šteje, da so predmet dogovora med proizvajalcem in stranko.
Ta standard ne obravnava vseh morebitnih varnostnih težav, ki se nanašajo na njegovo uporabo. Ta standard ne vzpostavlja ustreznih varnostnih in zdravstvenih praks ter ne določa uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Materialien aus Altreifen - Teil 3: Reifenschnitzel, Abschnitte und Chips - Methode zur Bestimmung der Abmessungen und Verunreinigungen einschließlich vorstehender FasernMatériaux produits à partir de pneus usagés non réutilisables (PUNR) - Partie 3 : Broyats, coupes et chips - Méthodes de détermination de leur(s) dimension(s) y compris les dimensions des barbulesMaterials obtained from end of life tyres - Part 3: Shreds, cuts and chips - Methods for determining their dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions83.160.01Avtomobilske pnevmatike na splošnoTyres in general13.030.50RecikliranjeRecyclingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14243-3:2019SIST EN 14243-3:2019en,fr,de01-april-2019SIST EN 14243-3:2019SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14243:20101DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14243-3
February
t r s { English Version
Materials obtained from end of life tyres æ Part
uã Shredsá cuts and chips æ Methods for determining their ding filaments dimensionsMatériaux produits à partir de pneus usagés non
This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s { November
t r s zä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s { CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v t v uæ uã t r s { ESIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 2
Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 5 4 Categories of products obtained from end-of-life tyres based mainly on their dimensions . 6 5 Determination of dimensions for shreds, cuts and chips . 6 Annex A (normative)
Evaluation of protruding filaments for shreds, cuts and chips . 13 A.1 General. 13 A.2 Principle of the evaluation . 13 A.3 Sampling . 13 A.4 Principle for determining dimension(s) by image analysis . 13 A.5 Equipment . 13 A.6 Procedure . 14 A.7 Metrological characteristics . 14 A.8 Measurement report . 14 Annex B (informative)
Example of scoop . 16 Annex C (informative)
Positioning of shreds when using image analysis . 17 C.1 General. 17 C.2 Position on the image . 17 C.3 Curvature . 17 Annex D (informative)
Removal of loose metal wires . 19 Bibliography . 20
SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 3
European foreword This document (EN 14243-3:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 366 “Materials obtained from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT)”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document together with EN 14243-1 and EN 14243-2 supersedes CEN/TS 14243:2010. EN 14243, Materials obtained from End-of-Life Tyres (ELTs), consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General definitions related to the methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities — Part 2: Granulates and powders – Methods for determining the particle size distribution and impurities, including free steel and free textile content — Part 3: Shreds cuts and chips – Methods for determining their dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 4
Introduction This standard is used in conjunction with the other parts of EN 14243 series. Such series is intended to cover the testing programs needed to characterize each product category as shown on the figure below.
Figure 1 — Typical scheme for a testing programme concerning several characteristics with testing steps in the field and in the laboratory End-of-life tyres consist mainly of passenger and commercial vehicle tyres, truck, earthmover and agricultural tyres manufactured for distribution in the European market that are no longer suitable for their original purpose. Products from end-of-life tyres are used as a secondary raw material finding a wide range of applications. The principal categories of materials from end-of-life tyres are defined on the basis of their dimension(s) according to EN 14243-1. SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 5
1 Scope This document provides test methods for the determination of the dimension(s) of shreds, cuts and chips (including protruding filaments) produced from all categories of end-of-life tyres at all steps of the treatment processes. The methods described in this document include sample collection and the preparation of a representative sample based on a sampling plan for the purpose of determining dimensions. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14243-1:2019, Materials obtained from end of life tyres — Part 1: General definitions related to the methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities EN 14243-2, Materials obtained from end of life tyres — Part 2: Granulates and powders — Methods for determining the particle size distribution and impurities, including free steel and free textile content ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14243-1:2019 apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. ANPF Average Number per Piece of Filaments longer than MLF1 HDF Higher Dimension of the Format (millimetres) L Maximum projected Length (millimetres) LDF Lower Dimension of the Format (millimetres) MF Mass of the Fine pieces (grams) MLF Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres) SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 6
MLF1 Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres) for the criterion average number of filaments per piece MLF2 Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres) for the criterion number percentage of pieces having at least one filament; MLM Mass of the Loose Metal wires (grams) MPC Mass Percentage of the NCC Central Classes (optional) MPF Mass Percentage of the Fine pieces MPL Mass Percentage of Large pieces (optional) MPM Mass Percentage of the loose Metal wires MS Mass of the laboratory Sample (grams) NCC Number of Central Classes NCR Number of Classes in the Range LDF — HDF NPC Number Percentage of the NCC Central Classes NPF Number Percentage of pieces having at least one Filament longer than MLF2 NPL Number Percentage of Large pieces TNP Total Number of Pieces in the sample not including the fine pieces 4 Categories of products obtained from end-of-life tyres based mainly on their dimensions For categories and testing program refer to EN 14243-1:2019, Clause 4. 5 Determination of dimensions for shreds, cuts and chips 5.1 General Shreds, cuts and chips are materials produced from end-of-life tyres by primary shredding. Primary shredding corresponds to the processing of end-of-life tyres by shredding, crushing or fragmenting, while maintaining in the obtained output material an average global composition similar to that of the end-of-life tyres. Depending on the agreed test programme between the producer and the customer, or at the producer's own will, the determination of dimensions specified in this clause for shreds, cuts and chips if required shall be followed by the additional determination of filaments as specified in Annex A. Producer and customer may also agree to determine the dimensions of chips considered as large granulates, using the methods described in EN 14243-2. 5.2 Sampling plan 5.2.1 Principles of sampling The main principle of sampling is to obtain a representative sample(s) from a whole lot (of defined material) from which a characteristic is to be determined. If the lot is to be represented by a sample, then every particle in the lot shall have an equal probability of being included in the sample (i.e. probabilistic SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 7
sampling). When these principles cannot be applied in practice, the sampler shall define a procedure as close as possible to probabilistic sampling in his judgement (i.e. judgemental sampling) and note the limitations in the sampling plan and sampling report. To take samples in a way that is truly representative of the material produced is easier when the material is moving (to be avoided for example in a stockpile, big bag or silo). Regarding shreds, it is necessary to take samples when the material is in movement. NOTE The determination of other properties than dimensions may result in different sampling requirements. This is the case for the determination of physical properties (such as apparent density) or chemical composition. 5.2.2 Preparation of the sampling plan for determining dimensions The first step is to identify the properties required in the testing programme and the lot in relation to which they are defined, for instance "maximum projected length on a shreds production of 300 t". The lot size is based on production quality management decisions or specific customer requirements. The lot size may be defined by the producer as a fixed quantity produced between machine settings or a fixed quantity in a production day/shift/week or a fixed quantity. With regards to certain pieces exhibiting large dimensions, the tools for taking an increment shall be sufficiently large in order that the large pieces are equally sampled. For shreds, this typically results in increments of more than 200 pieces (about 3 kg to 15 kg). NOTE 1 Larger increments would slightly improve the sampling quality, while increasing the size of the field sample, therefore complicating the size reduction into laboratory sample(s). It is preferable to increase the number of increments, thus increasing directly the representativeness. For reference testing (contractual or pre-contractual) concerning shreds dimension(s) the field sample is a composite sample constituted of three increments taken at dates selected randomly along the period of time during which the lot is produced. When at one date there are no shreds at the sampling location, the increment is taken at another date preselected prior to sampling, unless this is caused by a major change in the production process (see below). For routine testing concerning the dimension(s) of shreds the field sample consists of one increment taken at a date selected randomly along the period of time during which the lot is produced. When at this date there are no shreds at the sampling location, the increment is taken at another date preselected prior to sampling, unless this is caused by a major change in the production process (see below). During a sampling step the production process may be interrupted by a major change. Such a major change would induce in the sample two different subpopulations, before and after the major change. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a lot before and a lot after the major change. Major changes may occur on the feed and on the production process. NOTE 2 The random taking of three increments allows having a first approximation of the variability inside the considered lot. The random taking of one increment in routine testing allows also another evaluation of the variability when considering the lots obtained under comparable conditions. 5.3 Procedure for taking the field sample and producing the laboratory sample(s) Taking increment(s) at the output of the conveyer in the falling zone. The used tool is typically a rectangular open scoop, i.e. without an edge on one of the long side capable of "cutting" the entire flow. Such a scoop (see Annex B) shall have: a) a width L at least 1,5 times the width of the falling flow; b) a depth P at least 2/3 of the width L and at least 2,5 times the higher dimension HDF; c) an edge height H equal at least to 1/3 of the width L and at least two times the higher dimension HDF. SIST EN 14243-3:2019
EN 14243-3:2019 (E) 8
This scoop is moved for instance with a loader according to a detailed procedure adapted to the site condition. This scoop can be the bucket of a loader, provided that its cleanliness is compatible with the requirement of the dimension measurement, i.e. the absence of deposit. The taken increment is considered as valid if both criteria are fulfilled: — the increment consists of at least 200 pieces for shreds (after sieving of fines); — the mass of the increment does not exceed 15 kg for shreds. NOTE The minimum size of the increment is specified as a minimum number of pieces in view of the statistical evaluation of the measurements of the maximum projected length of each piece. A specification in mass would result in significant differences depending on the size of the pieces. For the determination of dimension(s), each increment constitutes a laboratory sample for such determination. If there are several increments, the dimension of each increment is determined and the average is calculated. This is easier than reducing the size of the field sample prior to measurement of the dimension. 5.4 Principle of determining the dimension(s) A laboratory sample of at least TNP > 200 that do not pass through the LDF mm sieve is taken for the test. The MS mass (in grams) of this laboratory sample is weighed to within ± 0,01 kg. Any elements consisting solely of metal wires released from the pieces of end-of-life tyre are not counted in the TNP pieces. They are collected and weighed together (MLM g). After passing through a LDF mm sieve, the mass (in grams) of the fine pieces (MF) is weighed to within ± 0,01 kg. The pieces th
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018
01-februar-2018
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Materials obtained from end of life tyres - Part 3: Shreds, cuts and chips - Methods for
determining their dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions
Materialien aus Altreifen - Teil 3: Reifenschnitzel, Abschnitte und Chips - Methode zur
Bestimmung der Abmessungen und Verunreinigungen einschließlich vorstehender
Fasern
Matériaux produits à partir de pneus usagés non réutilisables (PUNR) - Partie 3 :
Broyats, coupes et chips - Méthodes de détermination de leur(s) dimension(s) y compris
les dimensions des barbules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14243-3
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
83.160.01 Avtomobilske pnevmatike na Tyres in general
splošno
oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018
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oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14243-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2017
ICS 83.160.01 Will supersede CEN/TS 14243:2010
English Version
Materials obtained from end of life tyres - Part 3: Shreds,
cuts and chips - Methods for determining their
dimension(s) including protruding filaments dimensions
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 366.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14243-3:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 14243-3:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
4 Categories of products obtained from end-of-life tyres based mainly on their
dimensions . 6
5 Determination of dimensions for shreds, cuts and chips . 6
5.1 General. 6
5.2 Sampling plan . 6
5.3 Procedure for taking the field sample and producing the laboratory sample(s). 7
5.4 Principle of determining the dimension(s) . 8
5.5 Equipment . 9
5.6 Procedure for quantification of maximum projected length (manual) . 9
5.7 Metrological characteristics . 10
5.8 Measurement report . 10
Annex A (normative) Evaluation of protruding filaments for shreds, cuts and chips . 12
A.1 General. 12
A.2 Principle of the evaluation . 12
A.3 Sampling . 12
A.4 Principle for determining dimension(s) by image analysis . 12
A.5 Equipment . 12
A.6 Procedure . 13
A.7 Metrological characteristics . 13
A.8 Measurement report . 13
Annex B (informative) Example of scoop . 15
Annex C (informative) Positioning of shreds when using image analysis . 16
C.1 General. 16
C.2 Position on the image . 16
C.3 Curvature . 16
Annex D (informative) Removal of loose metal wires . 18
Bibliography . 19
2
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oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018
prEN 14243-3:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 14243-3:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 366
“Materials obtained from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT)”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 14243:2010.
prEN 14243, Materials obtained from end of life tyres, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: General definitions related to the methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities;
— Part 2: Granulates and powders — Methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities,
including free steel and free textile content;
— Part 3: Shreds, cuts and chips — Methods for determining their dimension(s) including protruding
filaments dimensions;
— Part 4: Steel wires and textile fibres — Methods for their characterization.
3
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prEN 14243-3:2017 (E)
Introduction
This Standard will be used in conjunction with the other parts of the prEN 14243 series. Such series is
intended to cover the testing programs needed to characterize each product category as shown on the
figure below.
Figure 1 — Typical scheme for a testing programme concerning several characteristics with
testing steps in the field and in the laboratory
End-of-life tyres consist mainly of passenger and commercial vehicle tyres, truck, earthmover and
agricultural tyres manufactured for distribution in the European market that are no longer suitable for
their original purpose. Products from end-of-life tyres are used as a secondary raw material finding a
wide range of applications. The principal categories of materials from end-of-life tyres are defined on
the basis of their dimension(s) according to prEN 14243-1.
European Standards are needed for the production, trade and use of the materials from end-of-life
tyres. They are also useful for buyers, regulators, controllers and laboratories.
4
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oSIST prEN 14243-3:2018
prEN 14243-3:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard provides test methods for the determination of the dimension(s) of shreds,
cuts and chips (including protruding filaments) produced from all categories of end-of-life tyres at all
steps of the treatment processes.
The methods described in this Standard include sample collection and the preparation of a
representative sample based on a sampling plan for the purpose of determining dimensions.
This Standard does not cover the operational performance or fitness for use of the materials which are
deemed to be a function of agreements between the manufacturer and the customer.
This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. This
standard does not establish appropriate safety and health practices and does not determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 14243-1:2017, Materials obtained from end of life tyres — Part 1: General definitions related to the
methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities
ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes
of openings
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative
methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 14243-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this part, the following symbols apply.
ANPF Average Number per Piece of Filaments longer than MLF1
HDF Higher Dimension of the Format (millimetres)
L Maximum projected Length (millimetres)
LDF Lower Dimension of the Format (millimetres)
MF Mass of the Fine pieces (grams)
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prEN 14243-3:2017 (E)
MLF Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres)
MLF1 Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres) for the criterion average number of filaments per
piece
MLF2 Minimum length of a filament (in millimetres) for the criterion number percentage of pieces
having at least one filament;
MLM Mass of the Loose Metal wires (grams)
MPC Mass Percentage of the NCC Central Classes (optional)
MPF Mass Percentage of the Fine pieces
MPL Mass Percentage of Large pieces (optional)
MPM Mass Percentage of the loose Metal wires
MS Mass of the laboratory Sample (grams)
NCC Number of Central Classes
NCR Number of Classes in the Range LDF — HDF
NPC Number Percentage of the NCC Central Classes
NPF Number Percentage of pieces having at least one Filament longer than MLF2
NPL Number Percentage of Large pieces
TNP Total Number of Pieces in the sample not including the fine pieces
4 Categories of products obtained from end-of-life tyres based mainly on their
dimensions
For categories and testing program, refer to prEN 14243-1:2017, Clause 4.
5 Determination of dimensions for shreds, cuts and chips
5.1 General
Shreds, cuts and chips are materials produced from end-of-life tyres by primary shredding. Primary
shredding corresponds to the processing of end-of-life tyres by shredding, crushing or fragmenting,
while maintaining in the obtained output material an average global composition similar to that of the
end-of-life tyres.
Depending on the agreed test programme between the producer and the customer, or at the producer's
own will, the determination of dimensions specified in this clause for shreds, cuts and chips if required
shall be followed by the additional determination of filaments as specified in Annex A.
Producer and customer may also agree to determine the dimentions of chips considered as large
granulates, using the methods described in prEN 14243-2.
5.2 Sampling plan
5.2.1 Principles of sampling
The main principle of sampling is to obtain a representative sample(s) from a whole lot (of defined
material) from which a characteristic is to be determined. If the lot is to be represented by a sample
then every particle in the lot shall have an equal probability of being included in the sample (i.e.
probabilistic sampling). When these principles cannot be applied in practice, the sampler shall define a
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procedure as close as possible to probabilistic sampling in his judgement (i.e. judgemental sampling)
and note the limitations in the sampling plan and sampling report.
To take samples in a way that is truly representative of the material produced is easier when the
material is moving (for example in a stockpile, big bag or silo). Regarding shreds, it is necessary to take
samples when the material is in movement.
The determination of other properties than dimensions may result in different sampling requirements.
This is the case for the determination of physical properties (such as apparent density) or chemical
composition.
5.2.2 Preparation of the sampling plan for determining dimensions
The first step is to identify the properties required in the testing programme and the lot in relation to
which they are defined, for instance “maximum projected length on a shreds production of 300 t”.
The lot size is based on production quality management decisions or specific customer requirements.
The lot size may be defined by the producer as a fixed quantity produced between machine settings or a
fixed quantity in a production day/shift/week or a fixed quantity. With regards to certain pieces
exhibiting large dimensions, the tools for taking an increment shall be sufficiently large in order that the
large pieces are equally sampled. For shreds, this typically results in increments of more than
200 pieces (3 kg to 15 kg).
NOTE 1 Larger increments would slightly improve the sampling quality, while increasing the size of the field
sample, therefore complicating the size reduction into laboratory sample(s). It is preferable to increase the
number of increments, thus increasing directly the representativeness.
For reference testing (contractual or pre-contractual) concerning shreds dimension(s) the field sample
is a composite sample constituted of three increments taken at dates selected randomly along the
period of time during which the lot is produced. When at one date there are no shreds at the sampling
location, the increment is taken at another date preselected prior to sampling, unless this is caused by a
major change in the production process (see below).
For routine testing concerning the dimension(s) of shreds the field sample consists of one increment
taken at a date selected randomly along the period of time during which the lot is produced. When at
this date there are no shreds at the sampling location, the increment is taken at another date
preselected prior to sampling, unless this is caused by a major change in the production process (see
below).
During a sampling step the production process may be interrupted by a major change. Such a major
change would induce in the sample two different subpopulations, before and after the major change.
Therefore it is necessary to consider a lot before and a lot after the major change. Major changes may
occur on the feed and on the production process.
NOTE 2 The random taking of three increments allows having a first approximation of the variability inside the
considered lot. The random taking of one increment in routine testing allows also another evaluation of the
variability when considering the lots obtained under comparable conditions.
5.3 Procedure for taking the field sample and producing the laboratory sample(s)
Taking increment(s) at the output of the conveyer in the falling zone. The used tool is typically a
rectangular open scoop, i.e. without an edge on one of the long side so as to be capable of “cutting” the
entire flow. Such a scoop (see Annex B) shall have:
a) a width L at least 1.5 times the width of the falling flow;
b) a depth P at least 2/3 of the width L and at least 2.5 times the higher dimension HDF;
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c) an edge height H equal at least to 1/3 of the width L and at least two times the higher dimension
HDF.
This scoop is moved for instance with a loader according to a detailed procedure adapted to the site
condition. This scoop can be the bucket of a loader, provided that its cleanliness is compatible with the
requirement of the dimension measurement, i.e. the absence of deposit. The taken increment is
considered as valid if both criteria are fulfilled:
— the increment consists of at least 200 pieces for shreds (after sieving of fines);
— the mass of the increment does not exceed 15 kg for shreds.
NOTE The minimum size of the increment is specified as a minimum number of pieces in view of the
statistical evaluation of the measurements of the maximum projected length of each piece. A specification in mass
would result in significant differences depending on the size of the pieces.
For the determination of dimension(s), each incr
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