SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008

Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components - Hydraulics

This standard applies to hydraulic systems and their components on machinery. It identifies hazards and factors which affect the safety of systems and their components when they are put to their intended use. The principles specified apply to the design, construction and modification of new systems and their components and aspects of use including: - Assembly - Installation - Adjustment - Operation - Cleaning - Maintenance. Components are covered in the standard but only to the extent that safety requirements are given to allow the components to be safely integrated into a system's design. The standard applies to systems and their components on machinery that are manufactured after the date of the adoption of this standard.

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an fluidtechnische Anlagen und deren Bauteile - Hydraulik

Diese Norm gilt für hydraulische Anlagen und Bauteile in Maschinen. Sie benennt Gefährdungen und Faktoren, die die Sicherheit der Anlagen und deren Bauteile beeinflussen, wenn diese in der beabsichtigten Weise verwendet werden.
Die festgelegten Prinzipien gelten für die Konstruktion, den Bau und die Modifizierung von neuen Anlagen und deren Bauteile und für Aspekte der Anwendung, die
- Montage
- Einbau
- Einrichtung
- Betrieb
- Reinigung
- Instandhaltung
einschließen.
Bauteile sind in dieser Norm berücksichtigt, aber nur in dem Maße, wie sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen gestellt werden, die es erlauben, die Bauteile sicher in die Auslegung einer Anlage einzubeziehen.
Die Norm gilt für Anlagen und deren Bauteile in Maschinen, die nach dem Zeitpunkt der Annahme dieser Norm hergestellt werden.

Sécurité des machines - Prescriptions de sécurité relatives aux systèmes de transmissions hydrauliques et pneumatiques et à leurs composants - Hydraulique

Varnost strojev - Varnostne zahteve za fluidne sisteme in njihove komponente - Hidravlika

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 24-Sep-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 23-Nov-2010
• ICS: 23.100.01 - Fluid power systems in general
• Technical Committee: VSN - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Nov-2010
• Due Date: 16-Dec-2010
• Completion Date: 24-Nov-2010
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/079 - Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for standardization in the field of machines
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: EN 982:1996+A1:2008 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components - Hydraulics

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 4413:2011 - Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413:2010)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2011
• Replaces: SIST EN 982:1998 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components - Hydraulics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Consolidates: SIST EN 982:1998 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components - Hydraulics
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Consolidates: SIST EN 982:1998 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components - Hydraulics
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
01-november-2008
Varnost strojev - Varnostne zahteve za fluidne sisteme in njihove komponente -
Hidravlika
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components
- Hydraulics
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an fluidtechnische
Anlagen und deren Bauteile - Hydraulik
Sécurité des machines - Prescriptions de sécurité relatives aux systèmes de
transmissions hydrauliques et pneumatiques et à leurs composants - Hydraulique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 982:1996+A1:2008
ICS:
23.100.01 +LGUDYOLþQLVLVWHPLQDVSORãQR Fluid power systems in
general
SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 982:1996+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2008
ICS 23.100.01 Supersedes EN 982:1996
English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power
systems and their components - Hydraulics
Sécurité des machines - Prescriptions de sécurité relative Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitstechnische
aux systèmes et leurs composants de transmissions Anforderungen an fluidtechnische Anlagen und deren
hydrauliques et pneumatiques - Hydraulique Bauteile - Hydraulik
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 March 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 27 July 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.






EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 982:1996+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references.4
3 Definitions.5
4 List of hazards.6
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .9
5.1 Basic requirements for the design and specification of hydraulic systems.9
5.2 Additional requirements.10
5.2.1 Site conditions.10
5.2.2 Component removal.10
5.2.3 Preparation for transportation.11
5.3 Specific requirements for components and controls .11
5.3.1 Pumps and motors .11
5.3.2 Cylinders.12
5.3.3 Valves.12
5.3.4 Energy transmission and conditioning .14
5.3.5 System protection.18
5.3.6 Sequence control.18
5.3.7 Control systems with servo or proportional valves.18
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures.19
6.1 Inspection.19
6.2 Testing.19
7 Information for use .19
7.1 Final data.19
7.2 Maintenance data.20
7.2.1 General maintenance data .20
7.2.2 Accumulator maintenance data .20
7.3 Marking.20
7.3.1 Components.20
7.3.2 Components within a system.21
7.3.3 Ports.21
7.3.4 Valve control mechanisms .21
7.3.5 Internal devices.21
Annex A (informative) Bibliography .22
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC".24
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC".25

2

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 982:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of
machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by December 2009.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-07-27.
This document supersedes EN 982:1996.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."
It was developed to contribute towards unification of safety regulations and procedures in the various member
countries for each aspect dealt within the field of hydraulics for fluid power systems and their components.
This Standard utilizes the most recently validated technical information from established technical sources
(e.g. CEN, ISO, national standards and European documents).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

3

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
Introduction
This standard is a type B2 standard (according to EN 292-1) and contains the general requirements for
hydraulic systems and their components on machinery. For type C standard makers, it is a basis for the
development of specific requirements on dedicated machines. If no type C standards are available, it is a
basis for the manufacturers when constructing machines that include hydraulic systems and their
components.
In developing this standard, safety related requirements out of ISO 4413 were selected as well as additional
safety related requirements.
Equivalent safety requirements for pneumatic systems are defined in EN 983 "Safety of machinery – Safety
requirements for fluid power systems and their components – Pneumatics".
1 Scope
This standard applies to hydraulic systems and their components on machinery. It identifies hazards and
factors which affect the safety of systems and their components when they are put to their intended use.
The principles specified apply to the design, construction and modification of new systems and their
components and aspects of use including:
 Assembly
 Installation
 Adjustment
 Operation
 Cleaning
 Maintenance.
Components are covered in the standard but only to the extent that safety requirements are given to allow the
components to be safely integrated into a system's design.
The standard applies to systems and their components on machinery that are manufactured after the date of
the adoption of this standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology.
4

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications.
EN 418, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects – Principles for design.
EN 563, Safety of machinery – Temperature of touchable surfaces – Ergonomic data to establish temperature
limit values for hot surfaces.
prEN 954-1:1992, Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design.
prEN 1050:1992, Safety of machinery - Risk assessment
ENV 1070, Safety of machinery – Terminology.
prEN 1127-1:1993, Safety of machinery – Fire and explosions – Part 1: Explosion prevention and protection.
EN 50081-2, Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic emission standard – Part 2: Industrial environment.
prEN 50082-2:1994, Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic immunity standard – Part 2: Industrial
environment.
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 204-1:1992, modified).
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 529:1989).
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components – Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams – Part 1: Graphic
symbols.
ISO/DIS 1219-2:1993, Fluid power systems and components – Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams – Part 2:
Circuit diagrams.
ISO 4021, Hydraulic fluid power – Particulate contamination analysis – Extraction of fluid samples from lines
of an operating system.
ISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components - Vocabulary.
ISO/TR 11688-1, Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment –
Part 1: Planning.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions of ENV 1070 and the following apply. Other definitions not
included are given in ISO 5598.
3.1
fluid power
the means whereby signals and energy can be transmitted, controlled and distributed using a pressurized fluid
as the medium
3.2
system
arrangement of interconnected components which transmits and controls fluid power energy
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
3.3
component
an individual unit (e.g. cylinder, motor, valve, filter) comprising one or more parts designed to be a functional
part of a fluid power system
3.4
hydraulics
science and technology which deals with the use of a liquid as the fluid power medium
3.5
maximum working pressure
the highest pressure at which the system or part of the system is intended to operate in steady-state
conditions
3.6
rated pressure
the highest pressure at which the component is intended to operate for a number of repetitions sufficient to
assure adequate service life
3.7
operating device
device that provides an input signal to a control mechanism (e.g. cam, switch)
3.8
control mechanism
a device that provides an input signal to a component (e.g. lever, solenoid)
3.9
actuator
component that transforms fluid energy into mechanical energy (e.g. motor, cylinder)
3.10
piping
any combination of fittings, couplings or connectors with pipes, hoses or tubes which allows fluid flow between
components
4 List of hazards
The possible hazards associated with the use hydraulic power in a machine are given in table 1:
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
Table 1 — List of hazards
Hazard type Relevant clauses Relevant type B standard or clause
in this standard
EN 292- EN 292- Annex A
1:1991 2:1991 of EN
292-
2:1991
4.1 Mechanical hazards 4.2 1.3, 1.4, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.5, 5.1.7,
1.3.7 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.3.1, 5.3.2,
 shape
5.3.3, 5.3.4.2, 5.3.4.3, 5.3.4.4,
 relative location
5.3.4.5, 7.2, 7.3.1
 mass and stability (potential
energy of elements)
 mass and velocity (kinetic
energy of elements)
 inadequacy of the mechanical
strength
 accumulation of potential
energy by:
 elastic elements (springs),
or
 liquids or gases under
pressure, or
 vacuum
 leakage
4.2 Electrical hazards  5.1.6, 5.2.1, 5.3.3.3.2 a,
EN 60204-1
4.3 Thermal hazards resulting in  5.1.9, 5.1.10, 5.2.1, 5.3.4.6
burns and scalds, by a possible
contact of persons, by flames or
explosions and also by the
radiation of heat sources
4.4 Hazards generated by noise  5.1.8, 5.2.1
4.5 Hazards, especially unintended 3.7.11 1.5.10, EN 50081-2, prEN 50082-2
movements, caused by 1.5.11
electromagnetic fields
4.6 Hazards generated by materials  1.5.13
and substances processed, used
and exhausted by machinery
4.6.1 Hazards resulting from  5.3.2.6, 7.1, 7.2
contact with or inhalation of harmful
fluids, gases, mists, fumes and
dusts
4.6.2 Fire or explosion hazards  5.2.1, 5.3.4.1
continued
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
Table 1 — (concluded)
Hazard type Relevant clauses Relevant type B standard or clause
in this standard
EN 292- EN 292- Annex A
1:1991 2:1991 of EN
292-
2:1991
4.7 Hazards caused by failure of 5.2.2 3 1.2
energy supply, breaking down of
machinery parts and other
functional disorders
4.7.1 Failure of energy supply (of 5.1.4, 5.1.6, 5.2.1, 5.3.3.3.2 c,
3.16 3.7 1.2.6
energy and/or control circuits) 5.3.3.3.2 d
 variation of energy
 unexpected start
 prevention from stopping if the
command has already been
given
 falling or ejecting of moving
parts or pieces held by the
machinery
 impeded automatic or manual
stopping
 protection device remains not
fully effective
4.7.2 Unexpected ejection of 4.2.1 3.8, 4 1.3.2, 5.2.1, 5.3.4.3.2
machine parts or fluids 1.3.3
4.7.3 Failure, malfunction of control 3.15, 3.7 1.2.7, prEN 954-1, 5.1.4, 5.1.6, 5.3.3.2,
system (unexpected start up, 3.16, 1.6.3 5.3.5, 5.3.6, 5.3.7
unexpected overrun) 3.17
4.7.4 Errors of fitting  1.5.4 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.3.3.1, 5.3.4.2,
5.3.4.3, 5.3.4.5.3, 7.3
4.8 Hazards caused by temporarily 4
missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety related
measures/means, for example
4.8.1 Starting and stopping devices 3.7 1.2.3, 5.1.4
1.2.4
4.8.2 Safety signs and signals 3.6.7, 1.7.2, 5.3.4.5.1, 7.2
5.2, 5.3, 1.7.3
5.4
4.8.3 All kinds of information or 5.4 1.7.0, 5.3.4.1.3, 5.3.4.4.2, 5.3.5.7, 7.3
warning devices 1.7.1
4.8.4 Energy supply disconnecting 6.2.2 1.6.3 5.1.6, 5.3.4.5.2, 7.2
devices
4.8.5 Emergency devices 6.1 1.2.4 EN 418
4.8.6 Essential equipment and 3.3, 3.11 3.12, 1.1.2 f, 5.1.5, 5.3.2.3, 5.3.4.1.3, 5.3.5.1,
accessories for safe adjusting and 6.2.1, 1.1.5 5.3.5.2
/or maintaining 6.2.3,
6.2.6

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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
When designing hydraulic systems for machinery, all intended operations and use of systems shall be
considered. Risk assessment in accordance with prEN 1050 shall be carried out to determine the foreseeable
risks associated with systems when they are used as intended by their design. So far as it is practicable, the
risks identified shall be eliminated by design and, where this is not practicable, the design shall incorporate
safeguards against such risks. See EN 292-2.
Where systems or parts of systems have safety related control functions, they should be designed and
constructed to meet specified categories of performance, as given in prEN 954-1.
5.1 Basic requirements for the design and specification of hydraulic systems
5.1.1 All components in the system shall be selected or specified to provide for safety in use, and they shall
operate within their design limits when the system is put to its intended use. Components shall be selected or
specified so that they have adequate characteristics to allow them to operate reliably under all intended uses
of the system. Particular attention shall be paid to the reliability of components that could create a hazard in
the event of their failure or malfunction.
The components shall be selected, applied and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
NOTE It is recommended that, wherever practicable, components should be made in conformance with recognised
international or national standards.
5.1.2 All parts of the system shall be designed or otherwise protected against pressures exceeding the
maximum working pressure of a system or any part of the system or the rated pressure of any specific
component.
The preferred means of protection against excessive pressure are one or more pressure relief valves located
to limit the pressure in all parts of the system. Alternative means, such as pressure compensator pump
controls, may be used, provided those means satisfy the application requirements.
Systems shall be designed, constructed and adjusted to minimize surge pressures and intensification
pressures. Surge pressure and intensified pressure shall not cause hazards.
Loss of pressure or critical drops in pressure shall not expose persons to a hazard.
5.1.3 Leakage (internal or external) shall not cause a hazard
5.1.4 Whatever the type of control or power supply used (e.g. electrical, hydraulic, etc.) the following actions
or occurrences (unexpected or by intention) shall not create a hazard:
 Switching the supply on or off;
 Supply reduction;
 Supply cut-off or re-establishment.
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
5.1.5 The system shall be designed and constructed so that components are located where they are
accessible and can be safely adjusted and serviced.
5.1.6 The system shall be designed to facilitate positive isolation from energy sources and also to facilitate
dissipation of the fluid pressure in the system in order to prevent unexpected start-up. In hydraulic systems
this can be done by e.g.
 Mechanical locking of isolation valves to the shut-off position, and
 Dissipation of pressure from hydraulic systems;
 Isolation of the electrical supply (see 5.3 of EN 60204-1:1992).
5.1.7 Mechanical movements, whether intended or unintended (including effects from e.g. acceleration,
deceleration or lifting//holding of masses), shall not result in a situation hazardous to persons.
5.1.8 For the design of low-noise machinery and systems, see ISO/TR 11688-1.
5.1.9 The full range of operating temperatures for the system or component shall be specified. The fluid
temperature shall not exceed those specified limits at which it can safely be used or the specified working
range of any component in the system.
5.1.10 Hydraulic systems shall be designed to protect personnel from surface temperatures that exceed
touchable limits by either siting or guarding (see EN 563).
5.2 Additional requirements
5.2.1 Site conditions
When designing systems, it shall be ensured that the following influences that can lead to a hazard are
considered:
 Vibration, contamination, humidity, range of ambient temperatures;
 Fire or explosion hazard (see prEN 1127-1);
 Electrical network (voltage and its tolerances, frequency, available power);
 Protection for electrical devices;
 Requirements for guarding;
 Legal and other environmental limiting factors (e.g. noise emission level);
 Space required for access, use and maintenance, as well as the location and mounting of components
and systems to ensure their stability and security in use;
 Available cooling and heating capacity and media;
 Other safety requirements.
5.2.2 Component removal
To facilitate maintenance, means shall be provided or components so fitted that their removal from the system
for maintenance:
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
 Should minimise the loss of fluid;
 Should not require draining of the reservoir;
 Should not necessitate extensive disassembly of adjacent parts.
5.2.3 Preparation for transportation
5.2.3.1 Identification of piping
Whenever systems have to be dismantled for transportation, the piping and connections shall be clearly
identified. The identification shall correspond and not conflict with the data on any appropriate drawings.
5.2.3.2 Packaging
All systems/components shall be packaged in a manner that protects them from damage and distortion and
preserves their identification during transportation.
5.2.3.3 Sealing of openings
Exposed openings in hydraulic systems/components shall be sealed, and male threads shall be protected
during transportation. These seals shall only be removed immediately before reassembly. Only sealing caps
that require their removal before reassembly can take place shall be used.
5.3 Specific requirements for components and controls
5.3.1 Pumps and motors
5.3.1.1 Working pressure range
If there are any restrictions on the working pressure range at which a pump or motor may be used, these shall
be defined in the information for use (see 7).
5.3.1.2 Couplings and mountings
Driving couplings and mountings shall be capable of continuously withstanding the maximum torque that may
be generated at the pump or motor under all conditions of intended use.
Drive couplings shall be suitably guarded.
5.3.1.3 Speed
Speed shall not exceed the maximum, as specified in the manufacturer's documentation.
5.3.1.4 Drains, air bleeds and auxiliary ports
Drains, air bleeds, etc., shall be so installed that they do not allow ingress of air into the system and shall be
so dimensioned and installed that no excessive back pressure will be generated. High pressure air bleeds
shall be installed so as to minimize the hazard to the personnel.
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
5.3.2 Cylinders
5.3.2.1 Resistance to buckling
Attention shall be given to stroke length, loading and cylinder mountings in order to avoid bending or buckling
of the cylinder piston rod at any position.
5.3.2.2 Resistance to shocks and vibrations
Any components mounted on or connected to a cylinder shall be attached in a way that resists loosening
caused by shocks, vibrations, etc.
5.3.2.3 Stroke end stops
If stroke length is determined by external stroke end stops, means shall be provided for locking adjustable end
stops.
5.3.2.4 Alignment
Mounting surfaces shall be designed to prevent distortion of the cylinder when installed. The cylinder shall be
mounted in a way that avoids unintended side loads during operation.
5.3.2.5 Mounting fasteners
Mounting fasteners for cylinders and attachments shall be designed and installed to accommodate all
predictable forces. As far as possible the fasteners should be free from shear forces. Foot-mounted cylinders
should have means to absorb shear loads, rather than depending on mounting fasteners. The mounting
fasteners shall be adequate to absorb overturning moments.
5.3.2.6 Air vent
Single acting piston type cylinders shall have their air vent port designed and/or positioned to avoid hazards to
persons when entrapped fluid is ejected.
5.3.2.7 Rod protection
Piston rods should be protected against foreseeable damage from dents, scratches, corrosive fluids, etc.
5.3.2.8 Air bleeds
Cylinders shall be self-bleeding or accessible external air bleeds shall be provided.
5.3.3 Valves
5.3.3.1 Mounting
5.3.3.1.1 Method
Valve type and method of mounting shall be selected to ensure correct function, adequate leak tightness and
resistance against foreseeable mechanical and/or environmental influence.
5.3.3.1.2 Orientation
There shall be means to avoid incorrect mounting of valves.
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SIST EN 982:1998+A1:2008
EN 982:1996+A1:2008 (E)
5.3.3.1.3 Attitude
The effects of gravity, impact or vibration on the main elements of a valve shall be considered when mounting
any valve.
5.3.3.2 Spring biased or detent located valves
Any actuator required to maintain its position or to adopt a specific position for safety, in the event of a control
system failure, shall be controlled by a valve which is either spring biased or detent located to a safe position.
5.3.3.3 Valve operating devices
5.3.3.3.1 Mechanically operated valves
Mechanically operated valves shall be installed so that they cannot be damaged by the operating device.
5.3.3.3.2 Electrically operated valves
a) Electrical connections
Electrical connections to a supply shall be in accordance with appropriate standards, e.g. EN 60204-1. For
hazardous operation conditions, the appropriate degree of protection (e.g. explosion proofing, water proofing)
shall be employed.
b) Terminal block housing
Where terminal blocks and housings are specified on the valves, the termina
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