SIST EN ISO 2719:2026
(Main)Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719:2025)
Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719:2025)
This document specifies three procedures, A, B and C, using the Pensky-Martens closed cup tester, for determining the flash point of combustible liquids, liquids with suspended solids, liquids that tend to form a surface film under the test conditions, biodiesel and other liquids in the temperature range of 40 °C to 370 °C.
NOTE 1 Although, technically, kerosene with a flash point above 40 °C can be tested using this document, it is standard practice to test kerosene according to ISO 13736.[5] Similarly, lubricating oils are normally tested according to ISO 2592.[2]
Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, heating oil and turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, paints and varnishes, and other homogeneous liquids not included in the scope of procedures B or C.
Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residuals, used lubricating oils, mixtures of liquids with solids, and liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions or are of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of procedure A.
Procedure C is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as specified in specifications such as EN 14214[11] or ASTM D6751.[13]
This document is not applicable to water-borne paints and varnishes.
NOTE 2 Water-borne paints and varnishes can be tested using ISO 3679.[3] Liquids containing traces of highly volatile materials can be tested using ISO 1523[1] or ISO 3679.
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren nach Pensky-Martens mit geschlossenem Tiegel (ISO 2719:2025)
Dieses Dokument legt drei Verfahren, A, B und C, um mit Hilfe der Prüfeinrichtung mit geschlossenem Tiegel nach Pensky-Martens den Flammpunkt von brennbaren Flüssigkeiten, von Flüssigkeiten, die suspendierte Feststoffe enthalten, von Flüssigkeiten, die dazu neigen, unter den Prüfbedingungen einen Oberflächenfilm auszubilden, von Biodiesel und von anderen Flüssigkeiten im Temperaturbereich von 40 °C bis 370 °C zu bestimmen, fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Obwohl Kerosin mit einem Flammpunkt über 40 °C technisch nach diesem Dokument geprüft werden kann, ist es gängige Praxis, Kerosin nach ISO 13736 [5] zu prüfen. In ähnlicher Weise werden Schmieröle üblicherweise nach ISO 2592 [2] geprüft.
Verfahren A ist anwendbar für Destillatkraftstoffe (Diesel, Biodieselgemische, Heizöl und Flugturbinenkraftstoff), neue und in Gebrauch befindliche Schmieröle, Lacke und Anstrichstoffe sowie andere homogene Flüssigkeiten, die nicht in den Anwendungsbereich von Verfahren B oder C fallen.
Verfahren B ist anwendbar für Rückstandsheizöle, Verschnittrückstände, gebrauchte Schmieröle, Gemische aus Flüssigkeiten mit Feststoffen und Flüssigkeiten, die dazu neigen, unter Prüfbedingungen einen Oberflächenfilm zu bilden oder die eine derartige kinematische Viskosität aufweisen, dass sie unter den Bedingungen von Verfahren A bezüglich des Rührens und Erhitzens nicht gleichmäßig erwärmt werden.
Verfahren C ist anwendbar für Fettsäuremethylester (FAME, en: fatty acid methyl esters), wie sie in Spezifikationen wie z. B. EN 14214 [11] oder ASTM D6751 [13] festgelegt sind.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Lacke und Anstrichstoffe auf Wasserbasis.
ANMERKUNG 2 Lacke und Anstrichstoffe auf Wasserbasis können nach ISO 3679 [3] geprüft werden. Flüssigkeiten, die Spuren leichtflüchtiger Materialien enthalten, können nach ISO 1523 [1] oder ISO 3679 geprüft werden.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Dieses Dokument beansprucht nicht, alle damit verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung der Person, die das Dokument anwendet, vor der Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen, und die Geltung weiterer diesbezüglicher Auflagen zu prüfen.
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Pensky-Martens en vase clos (ISO 1719:2025)
Le présent document spécifie trois modes opératoires, A, B, et C, pour la détermination du point d'éclair des liquides combustibles, des liquides contenant des matières solides en suspension, des liquides ayant tendance à former un film en surface dans les conditions d'essai, des biocarburants et d'autres liquides, au moyen de l'appareil d'essai Pensky-Martens en vase clos, dans la plage de température entre 40 °C et 370 °C.
NOTE 1 Techniquement les kérosènes ayant un point d'éclair supérieur à 40 °C peuvent être soumis à essai selon le présent document. Cependant, il est d'usage courant de déterminer le point d'éclair des kérosènes selon l'ISO 13736.[5] De façon analogue, les huiles lubrifiantes sont normalement soumises à essai suivant l'ISO 2592.[2]
Le mode opératoire A est applicable aux distillats de pétrole (carburants diesel, mélanges de biocarburant, fiouls domestiques et turbocombustibles), aux huiles lubrifiantes neuves et en service, aux peintures et vernis, et à d'autres liquides homogènes ne faisant pas partie du champ d'application des modes opératoires B ou C.
Le mode opératoire B est applicable aux combustibles résiduels, aux résidus de bitumes fluidifiés, aux huiles lubrifiantes usagées, aux mélanges de liquides contenant des matières solides, et aux liquides ayant tendance à former un film en surface dans les conditions d'essai ou ayant une viscosité cinématique telle qu'ils ne sont pas chauffés de manière uniforme sous agitation et dans les conditions de chauffage du mode opératoire A.
Le mode opératoire C est applicable aux esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) tels que définis dans des spécifications telles que l'EN 14214[11] ou l'ASTM D6751.[13]
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux peintures et vernis renfermant de l'eau.
NOTE 2 Le point d'éclair des peintures et vernis renfermant de l'eau peut être déterminé suivant l'ISO 3679.[3] Les liquides contenant des traces de produits hautement volatils peuvent être analysés conformément à l'ISO 1523[1] ou l'ISO 3679.
Določevanje plamenišča - Metoda Pensky-Martens z zaprto posodo (ISO 2719:2025)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2026
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 2719:2016
SIST EN ISO 2719:2016/A1:2021
Določevanje plamenišča - Metoda Pensky-Martens z zaprto posodo (ISO
2719:2025)
Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719:2025)
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren nach Pensky-Martens mit geschlossenem
Tiegel (ISO 2719:2025)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Pensky-Martens en vase clos (ISO 1719:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 2719:2025
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 2719
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.080 Supersedes EN ISO 2719:2016, EN ISO
2719:2016/A1:2021
English Version
Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup
method (ISO 2719:2025)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Pensky- Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren nach
Martens en vase clos (ISO 1719:2025) Pensky-Martens mit geschlossenem Tiegel (ISO
2719:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 November 2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 2719:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 2719:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 "Petroleum
and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources" in collaboration with
Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of
petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2026, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 2719:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 2719:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 2719:2025 without any modification.
International
Standard
ISO 2719
Fifth edition
Determination of flash point —
2025-11
Pensky-Martens closed cup method
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode Pensky-Martens en
vase clos
Reference number
ISO 2719:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ISO 2719:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 2719:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Chemicals and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 3
7.1 General .3
7.2 Location of the apparatus .3
7.3 Cleaning the test cup .3
7.4 Apparatus assembly .3
7.5 Apparatus verification .3
8 Sampling . 4
9 Sample handling . 5
9.1 Petroleum products .5
9.1.1 Sub-sampling .5
9.1.2 Samples containing undissolved water.5
9.1.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature .5
9.1.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature .5
9.2 Paints and varnishes .5
10 Procedure . 6
10.1 General .6
10.2 Procedure A .6
10.3 Procedure B .7
10.4 Procedure C .8
11 Calculation . 9
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading .9
11.2 Correction of detected flash point .9
12 Expression of results . 9
13 Precision . 9
13.1 General .9
13.2 Repeatability, r.9
13.3 Reproducibility, R .10
14 Test report .11
Annex A (normative) Apparatus verification using reference materials .12
Annex B (normative) Pensky-Martens closed cup test apparatus .15
Annex C (normative) Temperature measuring device specification .23
Annex D (normative) Requirements for hot wire ignitors and flash point detectors .25
Bibliography .27
iii
ISO 2719:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and
lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 Paints and
varnishes and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 2719:2016), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 2719:2016/Amd 1:2021.
The main changes are as follows:
— revisions to 3.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.5, 10.1.1, 11.2, 14, C.2 and Table A.1;
— revision of Annex A and status changed to normative;
— new normative Annex D.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 2719:2025(en)
Introduction
Flash point values are used in shipping, storage, handling and safety regulations, as a classification property
to define “flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definitions of the classes are given in each
regulation.
A flash point value can indicate the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or
non-flammable material and flash point testing can be a preliminary step to other investigations into the
composition of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate for flash point determinations to be carried out on potentially unstable, decomposable
or explosive materials, unless it has been previously established that heating the specified quantity of such
materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash point apparatus, within the temperature
range required for the method, does not induce decomposition, explosion or other adverse effects.
Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of
the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash
point can therefore be defined only in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can
be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from
that specified.
[6]
ISO/TR 29662 gives useful advice in carrying out flash point tests and interpreting their results.
v
International Standard ISO 2719:2025(en)
Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed
cup method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and
health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the applicability of any
other restrictions for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document specifies three procedures, A, B and C, using the Pensky-Martens closed cup tester, for
determining the flash point of combustible liquids, liquids with suspended solids, liquids that tend to form a
surface film under the test conditions, biodiesel and other liquids in the temperature range of 40 °C to 370 °C.
NOTE 1 Although, technically, kerosene with a flash point above 40 °C can be tested using this document, it is
[5]
standard practice to test kerosene according to ISO 13736. Similarly, lubricating oils are normally tested according
[2]
to ISO 2592.
Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, heating oil and turbine fuels), new and
in-use lubricating oils, paints and varnishes, and other homogeneous liquids not included in the scope of
procedures B or C.
Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residuals, used lubricating oils, mixtures of liquids
with solids, and liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions or are of such kinematic
viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of procedure A.
Procedure C is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as specified in specifications such as
[11] [13]
EN 14214 or ASTM D6751.
This document is not applicable to water-borne paints and varnishes.
[3]
NOTE 2 Water-borne paints and varnishes can be tested using ISO 3679. Liquids containing traces of highly
[1]
volatile materials can be tested using ISO 1523 or ISO 3679.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 3170, Hydrocarbon Liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 2719:2025(en)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and the
flame to propagate across the surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test
4 Principle
The test portion is placed into the test cup of a Pensky-Martens apparatus and heated to give a constant
temperature increase with continuous stirring. An ignition source is directed through an opening in the test
cup lid at regular temperature intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The lowest temperature
at which the application of the ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and a flame to
propagate over the surface of the liquid is recorded as the flash point at the absolute barometric pressure.
This temperature is corrected to standard atmospheric pressure using a specified formula.
5 Chemicals and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.
The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested and the tenacity of the residue. Low
volatility aromatic (benzene free) solvents may be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents such as
toluene-acetone-methanol can be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Reference materials (RM), for flash point, certified reference materials (CRM) or secondary working
standards (SWS), as described in Annex A.
NOTE Reference materials are available from apparatus manufacturers and other commercial sources, or as
retained samples from proficiency testing schemes.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Flash point apparatus, as described in Annex B.
It is permitted for automated apparatus to divert from the standard configuration, for example, to enable
the use of electronic thermometers, flash detectors and safety measures.
If automated equipment is used, ensure that the test cup and cover assembly conform to the key dimensions
specified in Annex B and the procedures described in Clause 10 are followed. The user shall ensure that all
the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting and operating the instrument are followed. Implementation
and positioning of mechanical fixtures and components, required for automation, such as flash detectors
and ignitors, can vary with different manufacturers.
NOTE Under certain circumstances, the use of electric ignition sources can give different results to those obtained
when using a flame ignition source.
In cases of dispute, unless explicitly agreed otherwise, the flash point as determined using a flame ignition
source shall be considered the referee test.
6.2 Temperature measuring devices, meeting the requirements for accuracy and the response time as
specified in Annex C.
ISO 2719:2025(en)
6.3 Barometer, absolute pressure reading, accuracy of ±0,5 kPa, and with a resolution of 0,1 kPa.
Barometers pre-corrected to give sea level readings, such as those used at weather stations and airports,
shall not be used.
NOTE Some automated apparatus include an integral barometer that automatically measures and records the
absolute barometric pressure and makes the required corrections to the detected flash point.
6.4 Heating bath or oven, capable of controlling the temperature to ±5 °C, for warming the sample if
required.
The oven shall be ventilated and constructed in such a way that it will not cause ignition of any flammable
vapours that can be produced when the sample is heated.
The oven should be an explosion-protected type.
7 Apparatus preparation
7.1 General
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct setup, calibration, verification (7.5) and operation
of the apparatus including the integral barometer (if fitted), flash detector (if fitted) and temperature
measuring device, and ensure that the apparatus is as specified in Annex C and Annex D.
7.2 Location of the apparatus
Support the flash point apparatus (see 6.1 and Annex B) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free
position.
NOTE When draughts cannot be avoided, it is good practice to surround the apparatus with a shield.
WARNING — When testing materials that can produce toxic vapours, the apparatus should be in
a fume hood with individual air flow control, adjusted so that vapours can be withdrawn without
causing air currents around the test cup during the test.
7.3 Cleaning the test cup
Wash the test cup, its cover and its accessories with an appropriate cleaning solvent (5.1) to remove any
traces of gum or residue remaining from a previous test. Dry using a stream of clean air to ensure complete
removal of the solvent used.
7.4 Apparatus assembly
Examine the test cup, the cover and other parts to ensure that they are free from signs of damage and
deposits. Assemble the apparatus in accordance with Annex B.
7.5 Apparatus verification
7.5.1 Check the temperature measuring devices and barometer at least once a year to ensure that they
are in accordance with Annex C and 6.3, respectively. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to make any
necessary corrections.
7.5.2 Ensure that the correct operation of ignition sources and flash detectors is in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and this test method as specified in Annex B and Annex D.
7.5.3 Verify the accuracy of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a CRM (see 5.2 and Annex A). It is
recommended that more frequent verification checks are made using an RM (see 5.2 and Annex A).
ISO 2719:2025(en)
7.5.4 The result of a single test obtained for an RM shall be equal to or less than R /√2 from the certified
accepted reference value (ARV) of the CRM or from the ARV of the SWS, where R is the reproducibility as
identified in 7.5.4.1, 7.5.4.2 and 7.5.4.3.
7.5.4.1 To meet the requirement for an RM to be a stable and homogeneous material (see A.2.1, A.2.2 and
A.2.3), with a certified ARV or ARV determined using test procedures A, B or C, it is permitted to use a
material type that is routinely tested by procedure A. In these circumstances the reproducibility of test
procedure A shall be used to calculate the allowed tolerance.
7.5.4.2 RM material types that would be routinely tested by procedures B or C shall use the reproducibility
of test procedures B or C respectively to calculate the allowed tolerance. These RM material types shall be
stable and homogeneous (see A.2.1, A.2.2 and A.2.3).
7.5.4.3 An RM can have a separately calculated and certified reproducibility. This reproducibility may be
used to calculate the allowed tolerance if this separate value is less than the relevant value published in this
test method.
NOTE These reference materials (RM) and in-house quality control samples can also be used to monitor stability
[24]
and establish statistical control limits, according to ISO 4259-4 (equivalent national standards can also apply).
7.5.5 The numerical values obtained during the verification check shall not be used to provide a bias
statement, nor shall they be used to make any correction to the flash points subsequently determined using
the apparatus.
7.5.6 If the instrument fails the verification test, it is recommended that the operator follow the
manufacturer’s instructions and check the following, and then repeat the verification check:
a) the apparatus, referring to the specific requirements of this test method and automated instrument
manufacturer's instructions;
b) the size of the gas ignition source flame or setting of the electric ignition source;
c) the flash detector operates (if fitted) correctly;
d) the ignition source is aligned and operates correctly;
e) test cup temperature measuring device immersion depth and that it reads correctly;
f) the shutter, dipping assembly and stirrer operate correctly;
g) the heating rate of the test portion.
If there is no obvious non-conformity, conduct a further verification check using a different RM. If the result
conforms to the tolerance requirements, record this fact. If it is still not within the required tolerances,
contact the manufacturer.
8 Sampling
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, obtain representative samples for analysis in accordance with the
procedures given in ISO 3170, ISO 3171 or ISO 15528; it is also permitted to use equivalent national
standards.
8.2 When obtaining a sample of residual fuel oil, the sample container shall be from 85 % to 95 % full.
For FAME samples, a typical one litre container filled to 85 % volume is recommended. For other types of
samples, the size of the container shall be chosen such that the container is not more than 85 % full or less
than 50 % full prior to any sample aliquot being taken.
ISO 2719:2025(en)
8.3 Erroneously high flash points can be obtained if precautions are not taken to avoid the loss of volatile
material. Do not open containers unnecessarily, to prevent loss of volatile material or possible introduction
of moisture. Avoid storage of samples at temperatures in excess of 30 °C. For samples for storage, ensure that
the sample container is tightly closed and leak free. Do not make a transfer unless the sample temperature is
at least the equivalent of 18 °C below the expected flash point.
8.4 Do not store samples in gas-permeable containers, since volatile material can diffuse through the
walls of the enclosure. Samples in leaky containers are suspect and not a source of valid results.
9 Sample handling
9.1 Petroleum products
9.1.1 Sub-sampling
9.1.1.1 Sub-sample at a temperature at least 18 °C below the expected flash point.
9.1.1.2 Successive test portions may be taken from the same sample container. Repeat tests have been
shown to be within the precision of the method when the second test portion is taken with the sample
container at least 50 % filled.
NOTE Results of flash point determinations can be affected if the sample volume falls below 50 % of the container
capacity.
9.1.2 Samples containing undissolved water
9.1.2.1 Flash point results can be affected by the presence of water. If a sample contains undissolved
water, decant a water-free aliquot prior to mixing.
9.1.2.2 For certain fuel oils and lubricants, it is not always possible to decant the sample from the free
water. In such cases, separate the water from the aliquot physically, prior to mixing, or, if this is not possible,
test the material in accordance with ISO 3679.
9.1.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature
Mix samples by gentle manual shaking prior to removal of the test portion, taking care to minimize the loss
of volatile components and proceed in accordance with Clause 10.
9.1.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature
Samples shall be heated in their containers, with lid or cap slightly loosened to avoid build-up of dangerous
pressure, at the lowest temperature adequate to liquefy any solids, not exceeding 18 °C below the expected
flash point, for 30 min. If the sample is then not completely liquefied, extend the heating period for
additional 30 min periods as necessary. Then gently agitate the sample to provide mixing, such as orbiting
the container horizontally, before transferring to the test cup. No sample shall be heated and transferred
unless its temperature is more than 18 °C below its expected flash point.
WARNING — Volatile vapours can escape during heating when the sample container lid or cap is
too loose.
9.2 Paints and varnishes
Prepare the samples in accordance with ISO 1513.
ISO 2719:2025(en)
10 Procedure
10.1 General
10.1.1 The applicability of the three procedures A, B and C is explained in Clause 1.
Electronic flash point detection shall be used for procedure C, as it is difficult to observe a flash by visual
means, and may be used for procedures A and B.
Follow apparatus preparation (see Clause 7).
WARNING — For certain mixtures no flash point, as defined, is detected; instead a significant
enlargement of the test flame (not halo effect) and a change in colour of the test flame from blue to
yellowish-orange can occur. Continued heating can result in significant burning of vapours outside
the test cup and can be a potential fire hazard.
10.1.2 Care should be taken when testing samples of residual fuel oil that contain significant amounts of
water, as heating these samples can cause them to foam and eject from the test cup.
10.1.3 As a safety practice, it is strongly recommended to apply the ignition source to the test portion in the
cup before heating the test cup and test portion, to check for the presence of unexpected volatile material.
10.1.4 As a safety practice, it is strongly recommended, for an expected flash point above 130 °C, to dip
the ignition source every 10 °C throughout the test until the sample temperature reaches 28 °C below the
expected flash point and then follow the prescribed dipping procedure. This practice has been shown to
reduce the possibility of a fire and not to significantly affect the result.
10.1.5 At the end of a test, when the apparatus has cooled down to a safe handling temperature, remove the
test cover and the test cup and clean the apparatus as recommended by the manufacturer.
10.2 Procedure A
10.2.1 Record the laboratory absolute barometric pressure reading at the time of test (see 6.3).
It is not necessary to correct the barometric pressure to 0 °C, although some barometers are designed to
make this correction automatically.
10.2.2 Fill the test cup (see 7.3) with the test portion to the level indicated by the filling mark. Place the lid
on the test cup and put them in the heating chamber. Ensure that the locating or locking device is properly
engaged and insert the temperature measuring device (6.2). Light the test flame and adjust to a diameter of
3,2 mm to 4,8 mm or enable the alternative ignition source. Supply heat at such a rate that the temperature
of the test portion, as indicated by the temperature measuring device, increases at 5,0 °C/min to 6,0 °C/min,
and maintain this heating rate throughout the test. Stir the test portion at a rotational rate of 90 r/min to
120 r/min, stirring in a downward direction.
10.2.3 When the test portion is expected to have a flash point of 110 °C or below, make the first application
of the ignition source when the temperature of the test portion is 23 °C ± 5 °C below the expected flash point,
and thereafter at 1 °C temperature intervals. Cease stirring and apply the ignition source by operating the
mechanism on the cover, that controls the shutter and ignition source, so that the source is lowered into the
vapour space of the test cup in 0,5 s, left in its lowered position for 1 s, and quickly raised to its high position.
10.2.4 When the test portion is expected to have a flash point of above 110 °C, make the first application of
the ignition source when the temperature of the test portion is 23 °C ± 5 °C below the expected flash point,
and thereafter at temperatures that are a multiple of 2 °C. Cease stirring and apply the ignition source by
operating the mechanism on the cover, that controls the shutter and ignition source, so that the source is
ISO 2719:2025(en)
lowered into the vapour space of the test cup in 0,5 s, left in its lowered position for 1 s, and quickly raised to
its high position.
10.2.5 When testing a material of unknown flash point, conduct a preliminary test at a suitable starting
temperature. Make the first ignition source application at 5 °C above the starting temperature and follow
the procedure given in 10.2.3 or 10.2.4, as applicable.
10.2.6 Record, as the detected flash point, the temperature of the test portion read on the temperature
measuring device at the time when ignition source application causes a distinct flash in the interior of the
test cup. Do not confuse the true flash point with the bluish halo that sometimes surrounds the ignition
source at applications preceding the actual flash point.
10.2.7 When a flash point is detected on the first application, the test shall be discontinued, the result
discarded, and the test repeated with a fresh test portion. The first application of the ignition source with
the fresh test portion is recommended to be approximately 23 °C below the temperature at which a flash
point was detected on the first application.
10.2.8 When the temperature at which the flash point is detected is less than 18 °C or greater than
28 °C from the temperature of the first application of the ignition source, the result shall be considered
approximate. Repeat the test using a fresh test portion, adjusting the temperature of the first application
of the ignition source until a valid determination is obtained, that is where the flash point is 18 °C to 28 °C
above the temperature of the first application of the ignition source.
10.3 Procedure B
10.3.1 Record the laboratory absolute barometric pressure at the time of test (see 10.2.1).
10.3.2 Fill the test cup (see 7.3) with the test portion to the level indicated by the filling mark. Place the lid
on the test cup and put them in the heating chamber. Ensure that the locating or locking device is properly
engaged and insert the temperature measuring device (6.2). Light the test flame and adjust to a diameter of
3,2 mm to 4,8 mm or enable the alternative ignition source. Supply heat at such a rate that the temperature
of the test portion as indicated by the temperature measuring device increases at 1,0 °C/min to 1,5 °C/min,
and maintain this heating rate throughout the test. Stir the test portion at a rotational rate of (250 ± 10) r/
min, stirring in a downward direction.
10.3.3 When the test portion is expected to have a flash point of 110 °C or below, make the first application
of the ignition source when the temperature of the test portion is 23 °C ± 5 °C below the expected flash point,
and thereafter at 1 °C temperature intervals. Cease stirring and apply the ignition source by operating the
mechanism on the cover, that controls the shutter and ignition source, so that the source is lowered into the
vapour space of the test cup in 0,5 s, left in its lowered position for 1 s, and quickly raised to its high position.
10.3.4 When the test portion is expected to have a flash point of above 110 °C, make the first application of
the ignition source when the temperature of the test portion is 23 °C ± 5 °C below the expected flash point,
and thereafter at temperatures that are a multiple of 2 °C. Cease stirring and apply the ignition source by
operating the mechanism on the cover, that controls the shutter and ignition source, so that the source is
lowered into the vapour space of the test cup in 0,5 s, left in its lowered position for 1 s, and quickly raised to
its high position.
10.3.5 When testing a material of unknown flash point, conduct a preliminary test at a suitable starting
temperature. Make the first ignition source application at 5 °C above the starting temperature and follow
the procedure given in 10.3.3 or 10.3.4, as applicable.
10.3.6 Record, as the detected flash point, the temperature of the test portion read on the temperature
measuring device at the time when ignition source application causes a distinct flash in the interior of the
ISO 2719:2025(en)
test cup. Do not confuse the true flash point with the bluish halo that sometimes surrounds the ignition
source at applications preceding the actual flash point.
10.3.7 When a flash point is detected on the first application, the test shall be discontinued, the result
discarded, and the test repeated with a fresh test portion. The first application of the ignition source with
the fresh test portion is recommended to be approximately 23 °C below the temperature at which a flash
point was detected on the first application.
10.3.8 When the temperature at which the flash point is detected is less than 18 °C or greater than
28 °C from the temperature of the first application of the ignition source, the result shall be considered
approximate. Repeat the test using a fresh test portion, adjusting the temperature of the first application
of the ignition source until a valid determination is obtained, that is, where the flash point is 18 °C to 28 °C
above the temperature of the first application of the ignition source.
10.4 Procedure C
10.4.1 Record the laboratory absolute barometric pressure at the time of test (see 10.2.1).
10.4.2 Fill the test cup (see 7.3) with the test portion to the level indicated by the filling mark. Place the
lid on the test cup and put it in the heating chamber. Ensure that the locating or locking device is properly
engaged and insert the temperature measuring device (6.2). Light the test flame and adjust to a diameter of
3,2 mm to 4,8 mm, or enable the alternative ignition source. Supply heat at such a rate that the temperature
of the test portion as indicated by the temperature measuring device increases at 2,5 °C/min to 3,5 °C/min,
and maintain this heating rate throughout the test. Stir the test portion at a rotational rate of 90 r/min to
120 r/min, stirring in a downward direction.
10.4.3
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