SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
(Main)Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements
This European Standard specifies the characteristics of axles for use on European networks. It defines characteristics of forged or rolled solid and hollow axles, made from vacuum-degassed steel grade EA1N1 that is the most commonly used grade on European networks. For hollow axles, this standard applies only to those that are manufactured by machining of a hole in a forged or rolled solid axle In addition, the particular characteristics for axles in grade EA1T1 and EA4T1 are given in Annex A. Two categories of axle are defined, category 1 and category 2. Generally, category 1 is chosen when the operational speed is higher than 200 km/h. This standard is applicable to axles that are designed in accordance with the requirements of EN 13103 and EN 13104.
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzwellen - Produktanforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Eigenschaften von Radsatzwellen für den Einsatz auf europäischen Netzen fest.
Sie beschreibt die Eigenschaften für geschmiedete oder gewalzte Radsatzwellen aus vakuumentgastem Stahl der Güte EA1N1), der bei den europäischen Bahnen am meisten verwendete Stahlgüte. Bei Hohlwellen gilt diese Norm nur für diejenigen, die durch das Bohren eines Loches in eine geschmiedete oder gewalzte Vollwelle gefertigt werden.
Zusätzlich sind die für die Radsätze der Stahlgüten EA1T1) und EA4T1) zu berücksichtigende Sonderwerte der Charakteristika im Anhang A gegeben.
Es werden zwei Kategorien von Radsatzwellen unterschieden: Kategorie 1 und Kategorie 2. Im Allgemeinen wird die Kategorie 1 gewählt, wenn die Fahrgeschwindigkeit über 200 km/h liegt.
Diese Norm gilt für Radsatzwellen, die nach den Anforderungen von EN 13103 und EN 13104 konstruiert sind.
ANMERKUNG Für bestimmte Charakteristika können andere Werte akzeptiert werden, sofern diese durch besondere Fertigungsbedingungen (z. B. Kaltschmieden, Kugelstrahlen) beeinflusst werden.
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux-axes - Prescriptions pour le produit
La présente Norme Européenne spécifie les caractéristiques des essieux-axes, utilisés sur les réseaux européens.
Elle définit les caractéristiques des essieux-axes fabriqués par forgeage ou par laminage, en acier dégazé sous vide, de nuance EA1N ) qui est la nuance la plus utilisée sur les réseaux de chemins de fer européens. Pour les essieux-axes creux cette Norme s'applique seulement à ceux qui sont obtenus par usinage du trou dans un essieu-axe plein forgé ou laminé.
En complément, les valeurs particulières des caractéristiques à prendre en compte pour les essieux de nuance EA1T1) et EA4T1) sont données en Annexe A.
Deux catégories d'essieux axes sont distinguées, la catégorie 1 et la catégorie 2. Généralement, la catégorie 1 est utilisée pour des vitesses de circulation supérieures à 200 km/h.
Cette Norme s'applique aux essieux-axes dont la conception est conforme aux règles définies dans l’EN 13103 et l’EN 13104.
NOTE Des valeurs différentes pour certaines caractéristiques peuvent être acceptées lorsque des conditions particulières de fabrication (par exemple forgeage à froid, grenaillage de précontrainte) ont une influence sur celles-ci.
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Osi - Zahtevane lastnosti proizvoda
Ta evropski standard določa značilnosti osi za uporabo v evropskih omrežjih. Opredeljuje značilnosti kovanih ali valjanih trdnih in votlih osi, narejenih iz vakuumsko razplinjenega jekla vrste EA1N1, ki je najpogosteje uporabljena vrsta jekla v evropskih omrežjih. Pri votlih oseh ta standard velja le za osi, narejene s strojno izdelavo luknje v kovano ali valjano trdno os. Poleg tega so v Dodatku A navedene posebne značilnosti osi iz vrst jekla EA1T1 in EA4T1. Opredeljeni sta dve kategoriji osi, kategorija 1 in kategorija 2. Kategorija 1 se običajno izbere, kadar hitrost obratovanja presega 200 km/h. Ta standard velja za osi, načrtovane v skladu z zahtevami EN 13103 in EN 13104.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzwellen - ProduktanforderungenApplications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux-axes - Prescriptions pour le produitRailway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13261:2009+A1:2010SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010en,fr,de01-december-2010SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13261:2009+A1
October 2010 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13261:2009English Version
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux-axes - Prescriptions pour le produit
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsatzwellen - Produktanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2008 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13261:2009+A1:2010: ESIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .5 Introduction .6 1 Scope .7 2 Normative references .7 3 Product definition .8 3.1 Chemical composition .8 3.1.1 Values to be achieved .8 3.1.2 Location of sample .8 3.1.3 Chemical analysis .8 3.2 Mechanical characteristics .9 3.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test .9 3.2.2 Impact test characteristics . 10 3.2.3 Fatigue characteristics . 13 3.3 Microstructure characteristics . 15 3.3.1 Values to be achieved . 15 3.3.2 Location of the test piece . 15 3.3.3 Test method . 15 3.4 Material cleanliness . 15 3.4.1 Micrographic cleanliness . 15 3.4.2 Internal integrity . 16 3.5 Permeability to ultrasound . 17 3.5.1 General . 17 3.5.2 Level to be achieved . 17 3.5.3 Test piece . 17 3.5.4 Test method . 17 3.6 Residual stresses . 17 3.6.1 General . 17 3.6.2 Values to be achieved . 18 3.6.3 Test piece and position of measurement points . 18 3.6.4 Measurement method . 18 3.7 Surface characteristics . 18 3.7.1 Surface finish . 18 3.7.2 Surface integrity. 21 3.8 Geometrical and dimensional tolerances . 22 3.9 Protection against corrosion and against mechanical aggression . 27 3.9.1 Final protection . 27 3.9.2 Temporary protection . 31 3.10 Marking . 31 Annex A (normative)
Particular characteristics for axles of steel grade EA1T and EA4T . 33 A.1 Chemical composition . 33 A.2 Mechanical characteristics . 33 A.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test . 33 A.2.2 Impact test characteristics . 33 A.2.3 Fatigue characteristics . 34 A.3 Metallographic characteristics . 34 Annex B (normative)
Standard wedge for measurement of permeability to ultrasound . 35 B.1 Test piece . 35 B.2 Tolerances of the wedge . 35 B.3 Steel grade . 35 SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 3 Annex C (normative)
Method to assess resistance to impact of the coating . 36 C.1 Principle. 36 C.2 Test piece . 36 C.3 Apparatus . 36 C.4 Procedure . 36 C.5 Expression of results . 36 Annex D (normative)
Method to assess resistance to gritting of the coating . 37 D.1 Principle. 37 D.2 Test piece . 37 D.3 Apparatus . 37 D.4 Procedure . 37 D.5 Expression of results . 37 Annex E (normative)
Method to assess the resistance of the coating to specific corrosive products . 38 E.1 Principle. 38 E.2 Test piece . 38 E.3 Apparatus . 38 E.4 Corrosive products . 38 E.5 Procedure . 38 E.6 Expression of results . 39 Annex F (normative)
Method to assess the resistance of the coating to cyclic mechanical stresses . 40 F.1 Purpose . 40 F.2 Principle. 40 F.3 Test piece . 40 F.4 Apparatus . 40 F.5 Procedure . 40 F.6 Expression of results . 41 Annex G (normative)
Measurement of the hydrogen content in the steel for axles at the melting stage . 42 G.1 Sampling. 42 G.2 Analysis methods . 42 G.3 Precautions . 42 Annex H (informative)
Drawings of test pieces . 43 Annex I (informative)
Product qualification . 45 I.1 Introduction . 45 I.2 General . 45 I.3 Requirements . 45 I.3.1 Requirements to be met by the supplier . 45 I.3.2 Requirements to be met by the product . 46 I.4 Qualification procedure . 46 I.4.1 General . 46 I.4.2 Documentation required . 46 I.4.3 Evaluation of the manufacturing plant and of the production processes . 47 I.4.4 Laboratory tests . 47 I.5 Qualification certificate . 47 I.5.1 Condition of validity . 47 I.5.2 Modification and extension . 48 I.5.3 Transference . 48 I.5.4 Lapsed certification . 48 I.5.5 Cancellation . 48 I.6 Qualification file . 48 Annex J (informative)
Product delivery . 49 J.1 Introduction . 49 J.2 General . 49 J.3 Delivery condition . 50 SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 4 J.4 Controls on each axle . 50 J.5 Batch control . 50 J.5.1 Controls . 50 J.5.2 Permeability to ultrasound . 51 J.5.3 Surface finish . 52 J.5.4 Visual examination . 52 J.6 Quality plan . 52 J.6.1 General . 52 J.6.2 Purpose . 52 J.6.3 Application of the quality plan . 52 J.7 Allowable rectification . 53 Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 2008/57/EC"""" . 54 Bibliography . 57
SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 13261:2009+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document comprises amendment 1 adopted by CEN on 2010-09-14. This document supersedes EN 13261:2009. The start and end of the text added or modified by the amendment is indicated in the text by the !" marks. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC." !For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document." According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 6 Introduction Normative documents which have been used until now in Europe for axle delivery (UIC leaflets, national standards) had, for the main purpose, a complete definition of delivery procedures and axle characteristics that were to be measured.
Product qualification was sometimes mentioned, but the procedures and the characteristics that had to be verified for the qualification were not given.
This standard addresses these issues by:
a) definition of all axle characteristics; these are verified either during qualification or delivery of the product (see clause 3); b) definition of qualification procedures (see Annex I); c) definition of delivery conditions (see Annex J); here, a choice is given to the supplier of either: 1) a traditional delivery procedure with a control by batch sampling as in existing documents (see J.5),
or; 2) a delivery procedure using quality assurance concepts (see J.6). SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 7
1 Scope This European Standard specifies the characteristics of axles for use on European networks.
It defines characteristics of forged or rolled solid and hollow axles, made from vacuum-degassed steel grade EA1N1 that is the most commonly used grade on European networks. For hollow axles, this standard applies only to those that are manufactured by machining of a hole in a forged or rolled solid axle
In addition, the particular characteristics for axles in grade EA1T1 and EA4T1 are given in Annex A.
Two categories of axle are defined, category 1 and category 2. Generally, category 1 is chosen when the operational speed is higher than 200 km/h.
This standard is applicable to axles that are designed in accordance with the requirements of EN 13103 and EN 13104.
NOTE Different values for some characteristics may be agreed if a particular process of fabrication (e.g. cold rolling, shot peening, shot peening, steel cleanliness, reduction ratio, improved material properties from melting and heat treatment processes, etc.) has an influence on them. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method
EN 13103, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Non-powered axles — Design method
EN 13104, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Powered axles — Design method
EN 13260, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheelsets — Product requirements
EN 20898-2:1993, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992)
EN 22768-1, General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications (ISO 2768-1:1989)
EN 22768-2, General tolerances — Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications (ISO 2768-2:1989)
EN ISO 643:2003, Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643:2003)
EN ISO 2409:2007, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test (ISO 2409:2007)
1
N for a normalized metallurgical condition
T for a quenched and tempered metallurgical condition SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 8
EN ISO 2808:2007, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness (ISO 2808:2007)
EN ISO 9227:2006, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2006)
EN ISO 14284:2002, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition (ISO 14284:1996)
ISO 4967:1998, Steel — Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions — Micrographic method using standard diagrams
ISO 5948:1994, Railway rolling stock material — Ultrasonic acceptance testing
ISO 6933:1986, Railway rolling stock material — Magnetic particle acceptance testing . ISO/TR 97692
Steel and iron — Review of available methods of analysis. 3 Product definition 3.1 Chemical composition 3.1.1 Values to be achieved The maximum percentage contents of the various elements are given in Table 1. Table 1 —
Limit values by product analysis (%)
C Si Mn P a S ab Cr Cu Mo Ni V 0,40 0,50 1,20 0,020 0,020 0,30 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,06 a A maximum content of 0,025 % may be agreed at the time of enquiry and the order. b A minimum sulfur content may be agreed at the time of enquiry and the order according to the steelmaking process, in order to safeguard against hydrogen embrittlement.
3.1.2 Location of sample The test sample shall be taken at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles.
3.1.3 Chemical analysis The chemical composition analysis shall be performed according to the methods and definitions described in ISO/TR 9769.
2
See also CEN/TR 10261. SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 9 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 3.2.1 Characteristics from tensile test 3.2.1.1 Values to be achieved The values to be achieved at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles are given in Table 2.
The values to be achieved near the external surface shall be greater than or equal to 0,95 times the values measured at mid-radius of solid axles or at the mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles.
The values to be achieved in the centre of solid axles or near the internal surface of hollow axles shall be greater than or equal to 0,8 times the values measured at mid-radius or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces. Table 2 —
Values to be achieved at mid-radius of solid axles or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles
ReH(N/mm²)a Rm (N/mm²) A5% ≥ 320 550-650 ≥ 22 a If no distinctive yield strength is present, the proof stress Rp0,2 shall be determined.
3.2.1.2 Location of test pieces The test pieces shall be taken from three levels in the largest axle section:
1) as near as possible to the external surface for all the axles; 2) at mid-radius and in the centre of solid axles;
3) at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces, and near the internal surface of hollow axles as shown in Figure 1 a) and b).
SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres
1a) — Solid axle
1b) — Hollow axle Figure 1 — Location of test pieces 3.2.1.3 Test method The test shall be carried out in accordance with EN 10002-1. The test piece diameter shall be at least 10 mm in the machined-down portion. The gauge length shall be five times the diameter.
3.2.2 Impact test characteristics 3.2.2.1 Values to be achieved Impact test characteristics shall be determined at 20 °C in the longitudinal and the transverse directions. Values to be achieved at mid-radius of solid axles, or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles, are given in Table 3.
Near the surface, they shall be greater than or equal to 0,95 times the values measured at mid-radius or at SIST EN 13261:2009+A1:2010
EN 13261:2009+A1:2010 (E) 11 mid-distance between external and internal surfaces of hollow axles.
In the centre of solid axles or near the internal surface of hollow axles, they shall be greater than 0,8 times the values measured at mid-radius or at mid-distance between external and internal surfaces.
For each level (surface, mid-radius, centre), the average value of the 3 test pieces (see 3.2.2.2) is defined in Table 3.
No individual v
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