SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
(Main)Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test methodologies (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test methodologies (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013 includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with coordinate systems and testing methodologies for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers, educators, press/media, and others, particularly when reporting results from testing of parts made on AM systems. Terms included cover definitions for machines/systems and their coordinate systems plus the location and orientation of parts. It is intended, where possible, to be compliant with ISO 841 and to clarify the specific adaptation of those principles to additive manufacturing.
Normbegrifflichkeiten für die Additive Fertigung - Koordinatensysteme und Prüfmethodologien (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive - Systèmes de coordonnées et méthodes d'essai (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
L'ISO/ASTM 52921:2013 comprend les termes, les définitions de termes, les descriptions de termes, la nomenclature et les acronymes associés aux systèmes de coordonnées et aux méthodes d'essai concernant les technologies de fabrication additive dans le but de normaliser la terminologie employée par les utilisateurs, les producteurs, les chercheurs, les enseignants, la presse/les médias, et autres partenaires, en particulier lors de la communication de résultats d'essais de pièces réalisées sur des systèmes de fabrication additive. Les termes inclus couvrent les définitions concernant les machines/systèmes et leurs systèmes de coordonnées ainsi que l'emplacement et l'orientation des pièces. L'intention est, dans la mesure du possible, d'assurer la conformité à l'ISO 841 et de clarifier l'adaptation spécifique de ces principes à la fabrication additive.
Standardizirana terminologija za aditivno proizvodnjo - Koordinatni sistemi in preskusne metode (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013 vključuje izraze, definicije izrazov, opise izrazov, poimenovanje in kratice v povezavi s koordinatnimi sistemi in preskusnimi metodologijami za tehnologije aditivne proizvodnje za namene standardizacije terminologije, ki jo uporabljajo uporabniki aditivne proizvodnje, razvijalci, raziskovalci, učitelji, mediji in drugi, zlasti pri poročanju rezultatov preskušanja delov, izdelanih v sistemih aditivne proizvodnje. Vključeni izrazi zajemajo definicije za stroje/sisteme in njihove koordinatne sisteme skupaj z lokacijo in usmerjenostjo delov. Namen je (če je to mogoče) zagotoviti skladnost s standardom ISO 841 in pojasniti specifično prilagoditev teh načel aditivni proizvodnji.
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
01-november-2016
Standardizirana terminologija za aditivno proizvodnjo - Koordinatni sistemi in
preskusne metode (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test
methodologies (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive - Systèmes de coordonnées et
méthodes d'essai (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ICS:
01.040.25 Izdelavna tehnika (Slovarji) Manufacturing engineering
(Vocabularies)
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
EN ISO/ASTM 52921
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.040.20
English Version
Standard terminology for additive manufacturing -
Coordinate systems and test methodologies (ISO/ASTM
52921:2013)
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive - Normbegrifflichkeiten für die Additive Fertigung -
Systèmes de coordonnées et méthodes d'essai Koordinatensysteme und Prüfmethodologien
(ISO/ASTM 52921:2013) (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 August 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO/ASTM 52921:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261 “Additive
manufacturing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive Manufacturing” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2017, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52921:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 without
any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
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SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 52921
First edition
2013-0-1
Standard terminology for additive
manufacturing—Coordinate systems and
test methodologies
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive — Systèmes
de coordonnées et méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2013
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the
country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Tel. +610 832 9634
Fax +41 22 749 09 47 Fax +610 832 9635
E-mail copyright@iso.org E-mail khooper@astm.org
Web www.iso.org Web www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Referenced Documents . 1
3 Significance and Use. 1
4 Terminology. 1
5 Keywords. 3
Annex. 4
Figure A1.1 Generic (Upward Building) Additive Manufacturing Machine/System. 4
Figure A1.2 Generic (Downward Building) Additive Manufacturing Machine/System. 4
FigureA1.3 Right Hand Rule for Positive Rotations with Reference to the Build Volume Origin. 5
Figure A1.4 Example of an Arbitrarily Oriented Minimum Bounding Box. 5
Figure A1.5 Examples of Different Types of Bounding Boxes. 6
Figure A1.6 Initial Build Orientation . 7
FigureA1.7 Why is a Picture Normally Required to Communicate the Initial Build Orientation?. 8
Figure A1.8 Orthogonal Orientation Notation. 9
Figure A1.9 Examples of Bilateral Symmetry. 10
Figure A1.10 Examples where Symmetry Allows Abbreviation of Orthogonal Orientation
Notation. 11
Figure A1.11 Part Location and Initial Build Orientation: Five Round Bar Specimens with Z
Orientation. 11
FigureA1.12 PartLocationandReorientation:RoundBarsOrientedat B+45from Zand B–45
from Z. 12
Table A1.1 Description of Part Locations and Orientations. 12
Table A1.2 Description of Part Locations and Orientations. 12
Table X1.1 Task Group Contributors. 13
© ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. Neither ISO nor ASTM International shall be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.DetailsofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroduction
and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
ISO/ASTM 52921 was prepared by ASTM International (as ASTM F2921) and was adopted, under a special
“fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in parallel with its
approval by the ISO member bodies. This has been done under a Partner Standards Development
Organization (PSDO) Cooperation Agreement between ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, and ASTM
International Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies. ASTM F2921 was developed by
ASTM Subcommittee F42.01, Test Methods.
´3
This first edition of ISO/ASTM 52921 cancels and replaces ASTM F2921-11 .
iv © ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Standard Terminology for
Additive Manufacturing—Coordinate Systems and Test
1
Methodologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 52921; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
1. Scope F2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing
,
Technologies
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms,
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated
ISO 841 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration—
withcoordinatesystemsandtestingmethodologiesforadditive
Numerical Control of Machines—Coordinate System and
manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize
Motion Nomenclature
terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers,
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of tensile
educators, press/media, and others, particularly when reporting
properties
results from testing of parts made on AM systems. Terms
ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials — Tensile testing – Part 1:
included cover definitions for machines/systems and their
Method of test at room temperature
coordinate systems plus the location and orientation of parts. It
is intended, where possible, to be compliant with ISO 841 and
3. Significance and Use
to clarify the specific adaptation of those principles to additive
3.1 Although many additive manufacturing systems are
manufacturing.
based heavily upon the principles of Computer Numerical
NOTE 1—The applicability of this standard to cladding has to be
Control (CNC), the coordinate systems and nomenclature
evaluated. Discussions are under progress.
specific to CNC are not sufficient to be applicable across the
NOTE 2—Non-cartesian systems are not covered by this standard.
full spectrum of additive manufacturing equipment. This ter-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
minology expands upon the principles of ISO 841 and applies
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
them specifically to additive manufacturing. Although this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terminology is intended to complement ISO 841, if there
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
should arise any conflict, this terminology shall have priority
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for additive manufacturing applications. For any issues not
covered in this terminology, the principles in ISO 841 may be
2. Referenced Documents
applied.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Furthermore,thisterminologydoesnotprescribetheuse
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
of any specific existing testing methodologies or standards that
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
practitioners of AM may wish to employ for testing purposes;
terials
however, it is expected that practitioners will employ appro-
priate existing methodologies and standards to test parts made
by AM.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
4. Terminology
mittee F42.01 on Test Methods, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 261.
Current edition approved March 26, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
4.1 Definitions—Definitions shall be in accordance with
ε3
published as ASTM F2921-11. Last previous edition ASTM F2921-11
Terminology F2792 and the following:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
© ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
1
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Terms and Definitions—AM Machines and their Coordinate Systems
DISCUSSION—This is a universal origin reserved for the purpose of
build platform, n—of a machine, any base which provides a
identifying the location of parts within the build volume. (See A1.1 and
surface upon which the build is started and supported
A1.2).
throughout the build process (see A1.1).
machine origin, n—origin as defined by the original equip-
DISCUSSION—The machine build platform may be solid or perforated
and made from a wide variety of materials and constructions. ment manufacturer. Synonyms: machine home, machine zero
point.
DISCUSSION—In some systems the parts are built attached to the build
platform, either directly or through a support structure. In other
Z axis, n—of a machine, for processes employing planar
systems, such as powder bed systems, no direct mechanical fixture
layerwiseadditionofmaterial,shallrunnormaltothelayers.
between the build and the platform may be required.
(See A1.1 and A1.2.)
DISCUSSION—For processes employing planar layerwise addition of
build surface, n—area where material is added, normally on
material, the positive Z shall be the di
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
01-junij-2016
Standardizirana terminologija za aditivno proizvodnjo - Koordinatni sistemi in
preskusne metode (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test
methodologies (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive - Systèmes de coordonnées et
méthodes d'essai (ISO/ASTM 52921:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921
ICS:
01.040.25 Izdelavna tehnika (Slovarji) Manufacturing engineering
(Vocabularies)
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 52921
First edition
2013-0-1
Standard terminology for additive
manufacturing—Coordinate systems and
test methodologies
Terminologie normalisée pour la fabrication additive — Systèmes
de coordonnées et méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2013
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the
country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Tel. +610 832 9634
Fax +41 22 749 09 47 Fax +610 832 9635
E-mail copyright@iso.org E-mail khooper@astm.org
Web www.iso.org Web www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Referenced Documents . 1
3 Significance and Use. 1
4 Terminology. 1
5 Keywords. 3
Annex. 4
Figure A1.1 Generic (Upward Building) Additive Manufacturing Machine/System. 4
Figure A1.2 Generic (Downward Building) Additive Manufacturing Machine/System. 4
FigureA1.3 Right Hand Rule for Positive Rotations with Reference to the Build Volume Origin. 5
Figure A1.4 Example of an Arbitrarily Oriented Minimum Bounding Box. 5
Figure A1.5 Examples of Different Types of Bounding Boxes. 6
Figure A1.6 Initial Build Orientation . 7
FigureA1.7 Why is a Picture Normally Required to Communicate the Initial Build Orientation?. 8
Figure A1.8 Orthogonal Orientation Notation. 9
Figure A1.9 Examples of Bilateral Symmetry. 10
Figure A1.10 Examples where Symmetry Allows Abbreviation of Orthogonal Orientation
Notation. 11
Figure A1.11 Part Location and Initial Build Orientation: Five Round Bar Specimens with Z
Orientation. 11
FigureA1.12 PartLocationandReorientation:RoundBarsOrientedat B+45from Zand B–45
from Z. 12
Table A1.1 Description of Part Locations and Orientations. 12
Table A1.2 Description of Part Locations and Orientations. 12
Table X1.1 Task Group Contributors. 13
© ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. Neither ISO nor ASTM International shall be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.DetailsofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroduction
and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
ISO/ASTM 52921 was prepared by ASTM International (as ASTM F2921) and was adopted, under a special
“fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in parallel with its
approval by the ISO member bodies. This has been done under a Partner Standards Development
Organization (PSDO) Cooperation Agreement between ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, and ASTM
International Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies. ASTM F2921 was developed by
ASTM Subcommittee F42.01, Test Methods.
´3
This first edition of ISO/ASTM 52921 cancels and replaces ASTM F2921-11 .
iv © ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Standard Terminology for
Additive Manufacturing—Coordinate Systems and Test
1
Methodologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 52921; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
1. Scope F2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing
,
Technologies
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms,
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated
ISO 841 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration—
withcoordinatesystemsandtestingmethodologiesforadditive
Numerical Control of Machines—Coordinate System and
manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize
Motion Nomenclature
terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers,
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of tensile
educators, press/media, and others, particularly when reporting
properties
results from testing of parts made on AM systems. Terms
ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials — Tensile testing – Part 1:
included cover definitions for machines/systems and their
Method of test at room temperature
coordinate systems plus the location and orientation of parts. It
is intended, where possible, to be compliant with ISO 841 and
3. Significance and Use
to clarify the specific adaptation of those principles to additive
3.1 Although many additive manufacturing systems are
manufacturing.
based heavily upon the principles of Computer Numerical
NOTE 1—The applicability of this standard to cladding has to be
Control (CNC), the coordinate systems and nomenclature
evaluated. Discussions are under progress.
specific to CNC are not sufficient to be applicable across the
NOTE 2—Non-cartesian systems are not covered by this standard.
full spectrum of additive manufacturing equipment. This ter-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
minology expands upon the principles of ISO 841 and applies
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
them specifically to additive manufacturing. Although this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terminology is intended to complement ISO 841, if there
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
should arise any conflict, this terminology shall have priority
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for additive manufacturing applications. For any issues not
covered in this terminology, the principles in ISO 841 may be
2. Referenced Documents
applied.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Furthermore,thisterminologydoesnotprescribetheuse
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
of any specific existing testing methodologies or standards that
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
practitioners of AM may wish to employ for testing purposes;
terials
however, it is expected that practitioners will employ appro-
priate existing methodologies and standards to test parts made
by AM.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
4. Terminology
mittee F42.01 on Test Methods, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 261.
Current edition approved March 26, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
4.1 Definitions—Definitions shall be in accordance with
ε3
published as ASTM F2921-11. Last previous edition ASTM F2921-11
Terminology F2792 and the following:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
© ISO/ASTM International 2013 – All rights reserved
1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO/ASTM 52921:2016
ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)
Terms and Definitions—AM Machines and their Coordinate Systems
DISCUSSION—This is a universal origin reserved for the purpose of
build platform, n—of a machine, any base which provides a
identifying the location of parts within the build volume. (See A1.1 and
surface upon which the build is started and supported
A1.2).
throughout the build process (see A1.1).
machine origin, n—origin as defined by the original equip-
DISCUSSION—The machine build platform may be solid or perforated
and made from a wide variety of materials and constructions. ment manufacturer. Synonyms: machine home, machine zero
point.
DISCUSSION—In some systems the parts are built attached to the build
platform, either directly or through a support structure. In other
Z axis, n—of a machine, for processes employing planar
systems, such as powder bed systems, no direct mechanical fixture
layerwiseadditionofmaterial,shallrunnormaltothelayers.
between the build and the platform may be required.
(See A1.1 and A1.2.)
DISCUSSION—For processes employing planar layerwise addition of
build surface, n—area where material is added, normally on
material, the positive Z shall be the direction from the first layer to the
the last deposited layer which becomes the foundation upon
subsequent layers (see A1.1 and A1.2).
which the next layer is formed.
DISCUSSION—For the first layer the build surface is often the build
DISCUSSION—Where addition of material is possible from multiple
platform.
directions (such as with blown powder systems), the Z axis may be
identified according to the principles in ISO 841 (section 4.3.3) which
DISCUSSION— If the orientation of the material deposition or consoli-
addresses “swiveling or gimballing.”
dationmeans,orboth,isvariable,itmaybedefinedrelativetothebuild
surface (for example, a blown powder head may be kept normal to it.
X axis, n—of a machine, shall run perpendicular to the Z axis
See also Z axis discussion).
andparalleltothefrontofthemachine.(SeeA1.1andA1.2.)
DISCUSSION—Where possible, the X axis shall be horizontal and
front, n—of a machine, shall be designated by the machine
parallel with one of the edges of the build platform.
builder.
DISCUSSION—Generally, this is the side of the machine that the DISCUSSION—The positive X direction shall be from left to right as
operator faces to access the user interface or primary viewing window, viewed from the front of the machine while facing toward the build
or both. (See A1.1). volume origin.
Y axis, n—of a machine, shall run perpendicular to the Z and
machine coordinate system, n—a three-dimensional Carte-
X axes with positive direction defined to make a right hand
sian coordinate system as defined by a fixed point on the
set of coordinates as specified in ISO 841.
build platform “with the three principal axes labeled X, Y,
DISCUSSION—Where possible, the Y axis shall be horizontal and
and Z , with rotary axes about each of theses axes labeled A,
parallel with one of the edges of the build platform.
B, and C , respectively” (see A1.1, A1.2, and A1.3) as stated
in ISO 841. DISCUSSION—In the most common case of an upwards Z positive
direction, the positive Y direction shall be from the front to t
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