kSIST FprEN IEC 63369-1:2025

Methodology for the carbon footprint calculation applicable to industrial lithium-ion batteries

Methodik zur Berechnung des Kohlenstoff-Fußabdrucks für industrielle Lithium-Ionen-Batterien

Méthodologie pour le calcul de l’empreinte carbone applicable aux batteries lithium-ion industrielles

Metodologija vrednotenja ogljičnega odtisa za industrijske litij-ionske baterije

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 13-Mar-2024
• ICS: 13.020.60 - Product life-cycles
• ICS: 29.220.01 - Galvanic cells and batteries in general
• Technical Committee: ISCB - Secondary cells and batteries
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 28-Feb-2025
• Due Date: 18-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 21-Oct-2025
• Ref Project: FprEN IEC 63369-1:2025 - Carbon footprint calculation applicable to industrial lithium-ion batteries - Part 1: General requirements and methodology

Overview

FprEN IEC 63369-1:2025 - “Carbon footprint calculation applicable to industrial lithium‑ion batteries - Part 1: General requirements and methodology” provides a harmonized methodology for calculating the carbon footprint of industrial lithium‑ion battery products. Published under CLC/IEC processes, this Part 1 sets out general requirements, lifecycle boundaries, functional unit definitions and the calculation approach to enable consistent, transparent life cycle carbon accounting for industrial Li‑ion batteries.

Keywords: carbon footprint, lithium‑ion batteries, industrial batteries, IEC 63369-1, life cycle assessment, carbon footprint methodology.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Classification of battery functionality: four classes - repetitive energy supply (REP‑MOB, REP‑STA) and on‑demand energy supply (OND‑MOB, OND‑STA) - with guidance on selecting the appropriate functional unit and reference flow.
• Functional unit and reference flow: rules and example load profiles (e.g., forklift, ESS container, regional train, UPS/data centers) to define comparable service-based units for LCA.
• Virtual representative product concept: how to derive representative products and aggregate component-level data for assessment.
• System boundaries and life‑cycle stages: cradle‑to‑grave segmentation including raw material acquisition, production, distribution, use and end‑of‑life (EoL).
• Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and data quality: requirements for company‑specific foreground datasets, acceptable secondary datasets and a Data Quality Rating (DQR) framework.
• End‑of‑Life modelling: use of the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF) with parameters such as A and B factors, quality ratios (Qsin/Qp, Qsout/Qp), recycled content (R1), recycling output rate (R2), and energy substitution terms.
• Carbon footprint indicator and verification: calculation outputs, limitations, and verification procedures including minimum verifier competencies.

Practical applications and users

This standard is intended for:

• Battery manufacturers and OEMs establishing product carbon footprints for design, compliance and ecolabelling.
• LCA practitioners producing consistent, comparable assessments of industrial Li‑ion batteries.
• System integrators and energy storage providers (ESS, UPS, EV fleets, rail) quantifying lifecycle emissions for procurement or reporting.
• Regulators, policymakers and procurers seeking standardized metrics for environmental performance and public tenders.
• Recycling and EoL service providers applying CFF‑based modelling to allocate avoided impacts.

Related standards

• IEC 62973-1 (referenced load profile example for regional train / EMU)
• IEC 60896-21 (referenced stationary applications)
• Other lifecycle and product category rules referenced in normative bibliography

This Part 1 establishes the methodological foundation for consistent carbon footprinting of industrial Li‑ion batteries and supports downstream Parts or product‑specific rules that may define additional requirements.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024
01-marec-2024
Metodologija vrednotenja ogljičnega odtisa za industrijske litij-ionske baterije
Methodology for the carbon footprint calculation applicable to industrial lithium-ion
batteries
Méthodologie pour le calcul de l’empreinte carbone applicable aux batteries lithium-ion
industrielles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 63369-1:2023
ICS:
13.020.60 Življenjski ciklusi izdelkov Product life-cycles
29.220.01 Galvanski členi in baterije na Galvanic cells and batteries
splošno in general
oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024
oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024
21A/867/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 63369-1 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-12-22 2024-03-15
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
21A/805/CD, 21A/818A/CC
IEC SC 21A : SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Jean-Marie Bodet
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:

TC 21
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in
this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote
(CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant “In Some Countries” clau ses to
be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is the final stage for submitting ISC c lauses.
(SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).

TITLE:
Methodology for the Carbon Footprint calculation applicable to industrial Lithium -ion batteries

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2025
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
During SC21A / WG6 Fall Meeting on October 24th, 2023, the answers of the IEC63369 project team to the comments
have been presented to the WG6 experts and approved by the Secretary. The Revised Comments have been
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions. You
may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without permis sion in
writing from IEC.
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distributed to the Participating National Committees on October 27th, 2023 (21A/818A/CC). During the SC21A/WG6
Fall Meeting it has also been agreed to move from CD to the CDV.

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3 CONTENTS
5 FOREWORD . 6
6 INTRODUCTION . 8
7 1 Scope . 9
8 2 Normative references . 9
9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 10
10 3.1 Terms and definitions. 10
11 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 14
12 4 General information . 15
13 5 Classification of industrial Li-ion batteries . 16
14 5.1 Repetitive energy supply . 16
15 5.1.1 Repetitive energy supply in mobile equipment (“REP-MOB”) . 16
16 5.1.2 Repetitive energy supply in stationary equipment (“REP-STA”) . 17
17 5.2 On-demand energy supply . 17
18 5.2.1 On-demand energy supply in mobile equipment (“OND-MOB”) . 17
19 5.2.2 On-demand energy supply in stationary equipment (“OND-STA”) . 17
20 5.3 Potential combination of functionality classes . 17
21 6 Functional unit . 18
22 6.1 Functional Unit: generalities . 18
23 Functional Unit and Reference Flow for repetitive energy supply (REP-MOB &
24 REP-STA) . 19
25 6.2 19
26 6.2.1 Example of REP-MOB load profile – Forklift . 20
27 6.2.2 Example of REP-STA load profile – ESS container . 21
28 6.3 Functional Unit and Reference Flow for On-demand energy supply (OND-MOB
29 & OND-STA) . 22
30 6.3.1 Example of OND-MOB load profile –IEC 62973-1 Regional train / EMU . 25
31 6.3.2 Example of OND-STA load profile: IEC 60896-21 . 25
32 Calculation methodology . 26
33 7 26
34 7.1 Concept of virtual representative product . 27
35 7.2 Composition of the virtual representative product . 27
36 7.3 Derivation of the virtual representative products . 29
37 7.4 System boundaries . 32
38 7.5 Raw material acquisition stage and production stage . 36
39 7.6 Distribution . 40
40 7.7 Use stage . 40
41 7.8 End-Of-Life stage . 40
42 7.9 Carbon footprint assessment . 41
43 7.10 Limitations . 42
44 8 Life cycle inventory . 42
45 9 Data quality requirements . 45

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46 9.1 Company specific foreground datasets . 46
47 9.2 Secondary datasets . 49
48 10 End of Life Modelling . 50
49 10.1 The Circular Footprint Formula (CFF) . 50
50 10.2 Parameters of the CFF . 51
51 10.3 The A factor . 52
52 10.4 The B factor . 52
53 10.5 The quality ratios: Qsin/Qp and Qsout/Qp . 52
54 10.6 Recycled content (R1) . 53
55 10.7 Recycling output rate (R2) . 53
56 10.8 Erecycled (Erec) and ErecyclingEoL (ErecEoL) . 54
57 10.9 The E*v . 55
58 11 Battery Carbon Footprint results . 55
59 12 Verification . 56
60 12.1 Defining the scope of the verification . 56
61 12.2 Verification procedure . 57
62 12.3 Verifier(s) . 57
63 12.3.1 Minimum requirements for verifier(s) . 57
64 Annex A (normative) DATA SOURCE AND METHODOLOGY FOR TRANSPORTATION . 59
65 A.1 SEA & FLUVIAL . 59
66 A.2 RAIL : . 59
67 A.3 AIR . 59
68 A.4 Road transport : . 59
69 Bibliography . 61
71 Table 1: Example with dummy figures of a repetitive-cycling functional unit and resulting
72 carbon footprint . 19
73 Table 2 - Key aspects of the Functional Unit defining the key aspects used to define the
74 FU. REP-MOB .
75 Table 3 - Key aspects of the Functional Unit defining the key aspects used to define the
76 FU. REP-STA .
77 Table 4 - Key aspects of the Functional Unit defining the key aspects used to define the
78 FU OND-MOB .
79 Table 5 - Key aspects of the Functional Unit defining the key aspects used to define the
80 OND-STA .
81 Table 6 – Example with dummy figures of the on-demand functional unit and resulting
82 carbon footprint .
83 Table 7 – Representative products for the 4 functionality classes .
84 Table 8 – Life cycle stages .
85 Table 9 – Battery Carbon footprint calculation indicator . 42
86 Table 10 - Data Quality Rating (DQR) and data quality levels of each data quality criterion
87 Table 11 - Overall data quality level of compliant-datasets, according to the achieved data
88 quality rating .
89 Table 12 - How to assign the values to DQR criteria when using company-specific
90 information. No criteria shall be modified .
91 Table 13 - How to assign the values to DQR criteria when using secondary datasets.
92 Table 14 - Scoring system for each relevant competence and experience topic for the
93 assessment of the competences of verifier(s) .

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95 Figure 1 – Example of OND-MOB: load profile for regional train / EMU (without starting
96 up segment) .
97 Figure 2 – Example of OND-STA: load profile for UPS/ data centers .
98 Figure 3 – representative products components .
99 Figure 4 – System Boundaries- life cycle of a Li-ion battery system . 35
100 Figure 5 –Li-ion battery production cradle-to-gate processes . 39
101 Figure 6 – Disassembly and recycling processes . 41
102 Figure 7 – Typical daily solar generation & load curve . 44
103 Figure 8 - Graphical representation of a company-specific dataset. A company-specific
104 dataset is a partially disaggregated one: the DQR of the activity data and direct
105 elementary flows shall assessed. . 46
106 Figure 9 – point of substitution for recycling . 55
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108 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
109 ____________
111 CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION APPLICABLE TO INDUSTRIAL
112 LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
113 Part 1: General requirements and methodology
117 FOREWORD
118 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all
119 national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co -
120 operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition
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127 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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145 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
146 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
147 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
148 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
149 IEC 63369 has been prepared by subcommittee SC21A/WG6, of IEC technical committee SC21A.
150 It is an International Standard.
151 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
153 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in the
154 above table.
155 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
156 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
157 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at

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158 www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are described
159 in greater detail at http://www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
160 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
161 stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific
162 document. At this date, the document will be
163 • reconfirmed,
164 • withdrawn,
165 • replaced by a revised edition, or
166 • amended.
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168 INTRODUCTION
169 This document was prepared by the WG6 of the SC21A

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170 CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION APPLICABLE TO INDUSTRIAL
171 LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
172 Part 1: General requirements and methodology
176 1 Scope
177 This document is part of a series. The first part addresses general requirements and methodology
178 whereas the second part addresses applications of the methodology.
179 This document provides a comprehensive methodology for the calculation of carbon footprint of
180 industrial type Li-ion battery systems from cradle to grave.
181 Second life and/or usage that was not intended when the battery is put on the market is not taken
182 into account.
183 This document along with the other parts of the standard does not pertain to Li-ion batteries of
184 portable type or for use in electric road vehicles.
185 The definition of the parameters used for the calculation allows for an improved comparability of
186 results for all rechargeable Li-ion chemistries. Classes of representative products are defined in
187 this document to allow comparison inside each class.
188 This methodology, based on the data provided by the battery manufacturer, is mainly intended for
189 use by the battery purchaser or the battery end-user in order to compare the carbon footprint to
190 select between battery systems being considered for their use over their Reference Service Life
191 (RSL).
192 The methodology can also be used for a variety of purposes such as for battery system
193 development, eco-design and participation in voluntary or mandatory programs.
194 After cell manufacturing, and for the benefit of any downstream user, an intermediate collection of data such
195 as the data for processes & material components, related to carbon footprint weight of the cell, can be
196 performed by the cell manufacturer. Primary data are to be collected by cell/components manufacturers.This
197 document with the other parts of the standard offers also general guidance for the specific
198 application of ISO 14067 to such a calculation. The methodology in this document is based
199 exclusively on attributional LCA.
200 The carbon footprint calculation of charging equipment and power conversion equipment is not
201 covered in this document.
203 2 Normative references
204 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
205 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
206 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
207 applies.
209 IEC 62619:2022 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety
210 requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications

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212 IEC TS 62933-2-2:2022 Electrical energy storage (EES) systems - Part 2-2: Unit parameters and testing
213 methods - Application and performance testing
215 IEC TS 62933-3-1:2018 Electrical energy storage (EES) systems 212 - Part 3-1: Planning and performance
216 assessment of electrical energy storage systems - General specification
218 IEC 62973-1:2018 Railway applications - Rolling stock - Batteries for auxiliary power supply systems - Part
219 1: General requirements
221 IEC 60896-21:2004 Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 21: Valve regulated types - Methods of test
223 ISO/IEC 17020:2012 Conformity assessment -- Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies
224 performing inspection
226 ISO 15686-8:2008 Buildings and constructed assets — Service-life planning — Part 8: Reference service
227 life and service-life estimation
229 ISO 14067:2018 Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for
230 quantification
232 ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
234 ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
236 ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations —
237 Principles and procedures
238 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
239 3.1 Terms and definitions
240 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
241 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
242 addresses:
243 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
244 at
245 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
247 3.1.1
248 primary data
249 foreground data
250 company-specific data
251 quantified value of a process or an activity obtained from a direct measurement or a calculation based on
252 direct measurements
253 [source : ISO 14 067 (2018) 3.1.6.1]
255 3.1.2
256 Site-specific data /??
257 Primary data obtained within the product system.

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258 [source : ISO 14 067 (2018) 3.1.6.2]
260 Note 1 to entry: All site-specific data are primary data but not all primary data are site-specific data because
261 they may be obtained from a different product system.
262 Note 2 to entry: In case the component is manufactured in several facilities, to determine the level
263 of representativeness of the primary data collected, a statistical combination may be applied.
264 3.1.3
265 secondary data
266 background data
267 data which do not fulfil the requirements for primary data
269 Note 1 to entry: Secondary data can include data from databases and published literature, default
270 emission factors from national inventories, calculated data, estimates or other representative data,
271 validated by competent authorities.
273 Note 2 to entry: Secondary data can include data obtained from proxy processes or estimates not
274 directly collected, measured, or estimated by the company, but sourced from a third party LCI
275 database or other sources.
276 Note 1 to entry: data not originated from a specific process within the supply-chain of the company
277 performing the carbon footprint study.
278 Note 2 to entry: Secondary data include industry average data (e.g., from published production data,
279 government statistics, and industry associations), literature studies, engineering studies and
280 patents, and may also be based on financial data, and contain other generic data.
281 Note 3 to entry: Primary data that go through a horizontal aggregation step are considered as
282 secondary data.
283 Note 4 to entry: details on secondary data selection is provided in IEC63369- 2
285 [source : ISO 14 067 (2018) 3.1.6.3]
287 3.1.4
288 Battery manufacturer
289 Entity which is supplying the battery system(s) to meet the Reference Service Life of the
290 application as expressed in the technical specifications from the user.
291 Note 1 to entry: The component manufacturer that does not know the sizing of the battery is NOT
292 defined as the battery manufacturer in the case of this standard.
293 3.1.5
294 Battery system sizing
295 Activity that takes into account the final usage of the battery system and selects the most optimized
296 solution including all its technical parameters.
297 Note 1 to entry: It includes for example efficiencies, life expectations, selection of sub-systems,
298 safety, etc.
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299 3.1.6
300 Component manufacturer
301 Entity which is supplying a component of the battery system.
302 Note 1 to entry: The component manufacturer does not perform the battery system sizing.
303 3.1.7
304 Functionality class
305 < of battery systems>
306 Grouping where the battery system presents similarities in their operation in service
307 Note 1 to entry: Battery systems in the same functionality class can be compared in terms of carbon
308 footprint
309 3.1.8
310 Representative virtual product
311 Market weighted-average model of existing batteries in a given functionality class .
312 Note 1 to entry: There is one representative virtual products per functionality class except when
313 the bill of materials is significantly different.
314 3.1.9
315 Battery System
316 Battery
317
318 System which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs and has a battery
319 management system intended to provide the Reference Service Life as stated by the user.
320 Note 1 to entry: The battery system can have multiple additional components eg thermal
321 management. More than one battery system can constitute a larger battery system.
322 [SOURCE: IEC 62619:2022, 3.11, modified – “capable of controlling current in case of
323 overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating” has been replaced by " intended to
324 provide the Reference Service Life as stated by the user” and Note1 to entry deleted.]
326 3.1.10
327 Functional unit
328 quantified performance, as stated in the user specifications, of the service provided by an industrial
329 battery system
332 [SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.20, modified , deleted “of a product system for use as a reference
333 unit” and replaced by “as stated in the user specifications, of the service provided by an industrial
334 battery system“ ―]
335 3.1.11
336 Reference flow
337 Amount of product needed to fulfil the defined function, measured in kg of battery system per kWh
338 of the total energy required (for repetitive cycling REP) or per kWh of the “back-up cycle” (for on
339 demand usage OND) by the application over its Reference Service Life.

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340 Note 1 to entry: “Reference flow” is a standard wording in LCA. All quantitative input and output
341 data collected in the study are calculated in relation to this reference flow.
342 Elementary flow
343 material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from the
344 environment without previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the
345 system being studied that is released into the environment without subsequent human
346 transformation
347 [ISO14040:2006]
348 Product flow
349 products entering from or leaving to another product system
350 [ISO14040:2006]
352 3.1.12
353 Reference Service Life
354 RSL
355
358 Expected service duration expressed in calendar life or delivered energy in kWh, achievable
359 under a reference set of ambient and operating condition.
360 Note 1 to entry: This service duration is estimated by the battery manufacturer based on the
361 reference set of conditions provided by the battery end-user.
363 3.1.13
364 Set
365 group or collection of ambient and operating conditions present during the use stage.
366 3.1.14
367 most relevant components and processes
368 hotspots
369 The most-relevant processes are those that together contribute more than 80% to the carbon
370 footprint. The hotspots are the processes that together contribute more than 80% to the carbon
371 footprint. “Hotspot” is a synonym of most-relevant process.
372 3.1.15
373 Safety Management Unit
375 Component of the safety protection systems installed at cell level
376 3.1.16
377 compliant dataset
378 dataset which meets all the requirements in this document, where each data quality indicator is
379 rated to be at least of good quality
380 Note 1 to entry: a compliant dataset can be a company-specific dataset or a secondary dataset

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381 Note 2 to entry: definition of quality rating is provided in clause 9
382 3.1.17
383 Life cycle inventory
384 LCI
385 combined set of exchanges of elementary, waste and product flows in a LCI dataset.
387 3.1.18
388 Life Cycle inventory dataset
389 (LCI dataset)information on elementary and product flows including metadata and evidence
390 pertaining to process, modelling, validation and administrative data.
391 Note 1 to entry: A LCI process dataset can be partially or fully aggregated or a unit process
392 dataset.
394 3.1.19
395 Partially disagreggated dataset
396 dataset with a Life Cycle Inventory that contains elementary flows and activity data, and that only
397 in combination with its complementing underlying datasets yield a complete aggregated LCI data
398 set.
400 3.1.20
401 communication modes
402 ways to communicate the results of the CF calculation to the stakeholders.
403 Note 1 to entry : The list of CF communication modes includes, but it is not limited to, labels,
404 environmental product declarations, green claims, websites, infographics, etc
405 3.1.21
406 point of substitution
407 point in the value chain where secondary materials substitute primary materials
409 3.2 Abbreviated terms
410 BCF Battery CarbonFootprint (in kg CO2 equivalent)
411 BoM Bill of Materials
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412 BTMS Battery Thermal Management System
413 CAM Cathode Active Material
414 AAM Anode Active Material
415 CCF Component Carbon Footprint (in kg CO2 equivalent)
416 CF   Carbon Footprint (in kg CO2 equivalent)
417 CFF Circular Footprint Formula
418 DQR Data Quality Rating
419 EF Elementary Flow
420 EmF Emission Factor
421 EPA Environmental Protection Agency
422 FSS Fire Suppression System
423 FU Functional Unit
424 GHG Greenhouse Gas
425 GoO Guarantee of Origin
426 GWP Global Warming Potential
427 IEA International Energy Agency
428 IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
429 LCA Life Cycle Assessment
430 LCI         Life Cycle Inventory
431 LFP Lithium Iron Phosphate cathode material
432 LTO Lithium Titanium Oxide anode material
433 MOB Mobile equipments
434 NMC Nickel Manganese Cobalt cathode material
435 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
436 OND On-demand energy supply
437 PCB Printed Circuit Board
438 PCF Product Carbon Footprint
439 PCS Power Conversion System
440 PPA Power Purchase Agreement
441 PV  Photovoltaic
442 REC Renewable Energy Certificate
443 REP Repetitive Cycling
444 STA Stationary equipments
446 4 General information
447 This document with the other parts provides the necessary guidance and structure to ensure that
448 all Battery Carbon Footprint (BCF) calculations for industrial Li-ion batteries and their components
449 are derived, verified and presented in a consistent and comparable way.
450 The methodology can be used to assess the carbon footprint of single, multiple or all stages of the
451 life of a battery. In all cases, the knowledge of the Reference Service Life (3.1.12) is a prerequisite
452 for such a calculation.
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453 This document with the other parts can be applied to provide the Battery Carbon Footprint
454 calculations for one or for several stages of the battery life.
455 Electrical energy provided or accepted by the battery in the application is taken into account
456 already at the application level i.e., is not to be accounted for.
457 However, any electrical, thermal or mechanical energy consumed during charge, discharge and
458 storage by auxiliary components of the battery, as defined in 3.1.8, shall be taken in account in
459 the BCF calculation (e.g. powering BTMS).
466 5 Classification of industrial Li-ion batteries
467 Industrial Li-ion batteries are used in a large variety of applications and for proper Battery Carbon
468 Footprint calculations, their main functionality has to be identified.
469 The following functionality classes are covered in this document and the other parts:
470 • Applications with frequent and repetitive charge and discharge cycles (REP), and
471 • Applications with sporadic on-demand energy delivery (OND)
472 In order to compare the BCF of batteries with similar functionalities, each classification is divided
473 in two sub-classes to reflect significant difference in the Bill-of-Materials, eg Fire Suppression
474 System in ESS applications and not in mobility applications.
475 Examples are provided in the following clauses.
476 The specific uses of industrial Li-ion cells and batteries are classified as follows:
477 5.1 Repetitive energy supply
478 5.1.1 Repetitive energy supply in mobile equipment (“REP-MOB”) class
479 The battery is very frequently, eg daily, storing and supplying energy for mobile equipment as
480 required over its service life.
481 The metrics for this duty is the total energy dischargeable in kWh over the Reference Service Life.
482 Note : In such an application, the specific volumetric and gravimetric energy density of the battery
483 is of key importance.
484 NOTE: IEC 62619 describes "motive applications" as forklift trucks, golf carts, automated guided
485 vehicles (AGVs), railway vehicles, and marine vehicles, with the exception of road vehicles.

oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024
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486 5.1.2 Repetitive energy supply in stationary equipment (“REP-STA”) class
487 The battery is storing and very frequently supplying energy in stationary equipment as required
488 over its service life.
489 The metrics for this duty is the total energy dischargeable in kWh over the Reference Service Life.
490 Note: In such application, the specific volumetric energy density of the battery is of key
491 importance.
492 5.2 On-demand energy supply
493 5.2.1 On-demand energy supply in mobile equipment (“OND-MOB”) class
494 The battery is  supplying auxiliary energy in mobile equipment, whenever main power is lost and
495 as required over its service life.
496 The metrics for this duty are specific power capability (W/Wh) and Reference Service Life in
497 calendar years of operation.
498 INote : In such an application, the specific volumetric and gravimetric energy density of the battery
499 is of key importance.
500 5.2.2 On-demand energy supply in stationary equipment (“OND-STA”) class
501 The battery is supplying auxiliary energy in stationary equipment, whenever main power is lost and
502 as required over its service life.
503 The metrics for this duty are specific power capability (W/Wh) and Reference Service Life in
504 calendar years of operation.
505 Note: In such an application, the specific volumetric energy density of the battery is of key
506 importance.
508 5.3 Potential combination of functionality classes
509 The battery system shouldbe attributed to a single functionality class.
510 However, for very specific cases, where it is unclear if the battery usage is “repetitive-energy
511 supply” or “on- demand energy supply”, three cases are possible (cases 1 and 2 are strongly
512 recommended):
513 • Case 1: Attribute the battery system to the “repetitive energy supply” functionality class
514 • Case 2: Attribute the battery system to the “On-demand energy supply” functionality class
515 • Case 3: The end-user shall establish the ratio between the cycling part and the on-demand
516 part of the usage of the battery, eg x% REP + (100-x)% OND and in this case, the
517 comparison of carbon footprints with other batteries is only valid for the same weighed
518 shares x% REP + (100-x)% OND.
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520 6 Functional unit
521 6.1 Functional Unit: generalities
522 The function of the rechargeable batteries used in mobile or stationary applications is to supply
523 energy within a voltage window over the Reference Service Life of the battery systems for the
524 application as described in the technical specifications of the battery system purchaser.
525 Identification of the end-user’s detailed energy requirement needs is key for the definition of the
526 functional unit for industrial batteries.
527 The end-user is specifying the usage and Reference Service Life for the battery(ies) inside the
528 application. The battery system manufacturer is sizing the battery(ies) to meet the end -user
529 specifications and will rely on the information from the component manufacturers to perform the
530 calculations.
531 To ensure the same functional unit, it is possible to size the battery system in different ways. Table
532 1 provides an example with illustrative figures for comparing either a large battery for the entire
533 service life or several smaller batteries to be replaced over time.
535 An overview of the different of tasks to be performed for the CF calculation is given in Table 1 to
536 explain the relationship between the physical and the functional units. Task details will be provided
537 later in the document.
538 Table 1: Example with illustrative figures of a repetitive-cycling functional unit and
539 resulting carbon footprint
By whom (and
TASK UNIT unit description Remarks Case 1 Case 2
how)?
5000 cycles of 2 kWh 5000 cycles of 2 kWh
Cumulated
end-user
Identify the energy needed by under RSL conditions  under RSL conditions
kWh (technical
or or
need the application
specification)
a a
over the RSL 10 000 kWh over life 10 000 kWh over life

the result in the sizing report
Energy content of
can be battery type A or
the manufactured
c
Identify the battery system battery type B with different 2,5 kWh (selected at
b
unit based on 10 kWh (selected at sizing
manufactured kWh manufacturer battery capacities and sizing as capable of 500
rated capacity as capable of 1000 cycles)
unit (sizing report) cycling performance .Same cycles)
determination
or different chemistries can
from IEC 62620
be used.
1 kWh of all kWh_needed
over Reference Service Life
Define the
system boundaries as per
functionnal unit normalized_kWh Dimensionless users and 1kWh 1kWh
clause 7.4
a a
(as per 6.2 or divided by 7.4 manufacturers (from 10 000 kWh ) (from 10 000 kWh )
used to allow comparison of
6?3) kWh_installed
2 batteries
Define the
total number of
number of battery system total number of battery
battery systems to
batteries unit manufacturer systems over Reference 1 battery system 8 battery systems
provide the
(c)
needed for the (sizing report) Service Life
kWh_needed
reference flow
oSIST prEN IEC 63369-1:2024
IEC CDV 63369 © IEC:2023 – 19 – 21A/867/CDV

(as per 6.2 or
6.3)
battery system
manufacturer
(using real
Perform Value for 1
production lines
calculation for a battery system full system scope as per 900 kg CO2 eq for 1 battery 375 kg CO2 eq for 1
kg CO2 equivalent values and
b c
single battery manufactured figure 1 system of 10 kWh battery system of 2.5 kWh
accepted
system (cradle-to-gate)
secondary data
as per IEC
63369)
Perform CF battery system
=CO2_production_per_batter =900 kg CO2 equivalent x 1 =375 kg CO2 equivalent x
calculation for Value for manufacturer
kg CO2 eq y_system (cradle to grave) x battery system over life 8 battery
...