SIST ISO 4892-4:2015

Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps

ISO 4892-4:2013 specifies methods for exposing specimens to open-flame carbon-arc lamps in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end-use environments in daylight or daylight filtered through window glass.

Plastiques - Méthodes d'exposition à des sources lumineuses de laboratoire -- Partie 4: Lampes à arc au carbone

Polimerni materiali - Metode izpostavitve laboratorijskim virom svetlobe - 4. del: Ogljikove svetilke z odprtim plamenom

Ta del standarda ISO 4892 določa metode izpostavitve preskušancev ogljikovim svetilkam z odprtim plamenom v vlažnem okolju, kar poustvari vremenske vplive, do katerih pride, ko so materiali v okolju, kjer se uporabljajo, izpostavljeni neposredni dnevni svetlobi ali dnevni svetlobi, ki se filtrira skozi okensko steklo.
Preskušanci so izpostavljeni filtrirani svetlobi ogljikovih svetilk z odprtim plamenom v okolju z nadzorovanimi okoljskimi pogoji (temperatura, vlaga). Opisani so različni filtri. Priprava preskušancev in vrednotenje rezultatov sta obravnavana v drugih mednarodnih standardih za določene materiale.
Splošne smernice so podane v standardu ISO 4892-1.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Feb-2015
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: IPMA - Polimer materials and products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 22-Jan-2015
• Due Date: 29-Mar-2015
• Completion Date: 20-Feb-2015
• Ref Project: ISO 4892-4:2013 - Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ISO 4892-4:1996 - Plastics -- Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources -- Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015

Overview

ISO 4892-4:2013 - Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open‑flame carbon‑arc lamps - specifies laboratory methods to reproduce the weathering effects plastics experience in real daylight (or daylight filtered through glass). The standard defines controlled exposure to filtered open‑flame carbon‑arc radiation together with moisture (humidity, spray or condensation), plus requirements for measuring irradiance and reporting results.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Purpose and principle: Expose plastic specimens to glass‑filtered open‑flame carbon‑arc light with controlled heat and moisture to simulate end‑use daylight ageing.
• Apparatus: Details on the open‑flame carbon‑arc light source (carbon rods containing rare‑earth salts and metal coatings), test chambers, radiometers, thermometers, specimen holders and moisture systems.
• Filters and spectral irradiance: Describes three filter types - daylight (type 1), window‑glass (type 2) and extended‑UV (type 3) - and requires spectral irradiance measurement (typically from 250–400 nm in 2 nm increments) to characterise the light reaching specimens.
• Exposure conditions: Defines control of temperature, relative humidity, spray cycles, and light/dark cycling to reproduce various weathering regimes.
• Procedure and measurements: Guidance on specimen mounting, exposure, measurement of radiant exposure and post‑exposure assessment of changes in properties (colour, mechanical properties etc.). Use of a concurrent control material of known behaviour is recommended.
• Intercomparison caution: Results from different apparatus should not be directly compared unless an established statistical relationship exists between devices for the tested material.
• Reporting: Required exposure report elements and references to material‑specific specimen preparation and evaluation standards.

Applications and who uses it

ISO 4892-4 is used for accelerated weathering testing of plastics where open‑flame carbon‑arc radiation is appropriate. Typical users include:

• Test laboratories and certification bodies performing accelerated weathering and durability testing
• Polymer formulators and R&D teams evaluating UV/stress resistance of plastics and coatings
• Quality assurance teams validating material performance for outdoor or sun‑exposed products
• Manufacturers of automotive glazing, building products, outdoor furniture, signage and electrical housings where window‑filtered daylight effects matter

This standard helps predict long‑term colour change, embrittlement, loss of mechanical properties and other weathering phenomena under reproducible laboratory conditions.

Related standards

• ISO 4892‑1 - General guidance on laboratory light source exposure
• ISO 4892‑2 - Xenon‑arc lamps
• ISO 4892‑3 - Fluorescent UV lamps
• ISO 4582 - Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure

Keywords: ISO 4892-4:2013, open‑flame carbon‑arc, plastics weathering, accelerated weathering testing, spectral irradiance, daylight filters, laboratory light sources.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 4892-4:1996
Polimerni materiali - Metode izpostavitve laboratorijskim virom svetlobe - 4. del:
Ogljikove svetilke z odprtim plamenom
Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 4: Open-flame carbon-
arc lamps
Plastiques - Méthodes d'exposition à des sources lumineuses de laboratoire -- Partie 4:
Lampes à arc au carbone
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4892-4:2013
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4892-4
Third edition
2013-07-15
Plastics — Methods of exposure to
laboratory light sources —
Part 4:
Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
Plastiques — Méthodes d’exposition à des sources lumineuses de
laboratoire —
Partie 4: Lampes à arc au carbone
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 Laboratory light source . 2
4.2 Test chamber . 6
4.3 Radiometer . 7
4.4 Thermometer . 7
4.5 Moisture . 7
4.6 Specimen holders . 7
4.7 Apparatus to assess changes in properties . 7
5 Test specimens. 8
6 Test conditions . 8
6.1 Temperature . 8
6.2 Relative humidity of air . 8
6.3 Spray cycle . 8
6.4 Cycles with dark periods . 8
7 Procedure. 9
7.1 Mounting the test specimens . 9
7.2 Exposure . 9
7.3 Measurement of radiant exposure . 9
7.4 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 9
8 Exposure report . 9
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical
and environmental resistance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4892-4:2004), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. It also incorporates Technical Corrigendum ISO 4892-4:2004/Corr.1:2005.
ISO 4892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Methods of exposure to
laboratory light sources:
— Part 1: General guidance
— Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
— Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
— Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4892-4:2013(E)
Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources —
Part 4:
Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4892 specifies methods for exposing specimens to open-flame carbon-arc lamps in the
presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in
actual end-use environments in daylight or daylight filtered through window glass.
The specimens are exposed to filtered open-flame carbon-arc light under controlled environmental
conditions (temperature, moisture). Various filters are described.
Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other International Standards for
specific materials.
General guidance is given in ISO 4892-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to
daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources
ISO 4892-1:1999, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
3 Principle
3.1 Specimens of the materials to be tested are exposed to glass-filtered open-flame carbon-arc
light, to heat and to moisture continuously or in repetitive cycles.
3.2 The exposure conditions may be varied by selection of:
a) the light filter;
b) the type of exposure to moisture/humidity;
c) the length of exposure to light and moisture/humidity;
d) the temperature of the exposure;
e) the relative lengths of the light and dark periods.
The effect of moisture is usually produced by controlling the humidity of the air or by spraying the test
specimens with demineralized/deionized water or by condensation of water vapour on to the surfaces
of the specimens.
3.3 The procedure may include measurements of the irradiance and radiant exposure at the surface
of the specimens.
3.4 It is recommended that a similar material of known behaviour (a control) be exposed
simultaneously with the test specimens to provide a reference standard for comparative purposes.
3.5 Intercomparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different apparatus should not
be made unless an appropriate statistical relationship has been established between the devices for the
particular material tested.
4 Apparatus
4.1 Laboratory light source
4.1.1 General
Open-flame carbon-arc light sources typically use three or four pairs of carbon rods, which contain
a mixture of rare-earth metal salts and have a surface coating of a metal, such as copper. An electric
current is passed between the carbon rods, which burn, giving off ultraviolet, visible and infrared
radiation. The pairs of carbon rods are burned in sequence, with one pair burning at any one time.
Use the carbon rods recommended by the manufacturer of the apparatus. The radiation reaching the
specimens passes through glass filters. Three types of glass filter are used in practice. Tables 1 and
2 show the typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight and
window-glass filters, respectively. When extended-UV filters are used, the relative spectral irradiance
shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
4.1.2 Spectral irradiance of open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight filters (type 1)
Table 1 shows typical relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range of an open-flame carbon-
arc lamp with daylight filters in order to simulate daylight (see CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4).
Table 1 — Typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight
ab
filters (type 1)
Typical distribution for open-
Spectral passband
de
flame carbon-arc lamp with CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4
[λ = wavelength
c
daylight filters
%
in nanometres (nm)]
%
λ < 290 0,05
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 2,9 5,4
320 < λ ≤ 360 20,5 38,2
360 < λ ≤ 400 76,6 56,4
a
This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm
and 400 nm. To determine the relative spectral irradiance for a specific daylight filter or set of filters for an open-flame
carbon-arc lamp, the relative spectral irradiance shall be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. Typically, this is done in 2 nm
increments. The total irradiance in each passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance between 290 nm and
400 nm.
b
This table gives typical data for an open-flame carbon-arc lamp with borosilicate-glass daylight filters. At the time of
publication of this part of ISO 4892, not enough data are available to develop a specification for the open-flame carbon-arc
lamp with a daylight filter.
c
For any individual relative spectral irradiance, the calculated percentages for the passbands in this table will sum to
100 %.
d
The data from Table 4 of CIE Publication No. 85:1989 is the global solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for an air
mass of 1,0, an ozone column of 0,34 cm at STP, 1,42 cm of precipitable water vapour and a spectral optical depth of aerosol
extinction of 0,1 at 500 nm. These data are provided for comparison purposes only.
e
For the solar spectrum represented by Table 4 of CIE No. 85:1989, the UV irradiance (290 nm to 400 nm) is 11 % and the
visible irradiance (400 nm to 800 nm) is 89 %, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 290 nm to 800 nm.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

4.1.3 Spectral irradiance of open-flame carbon-arc lamps with window-glass filters (type 2)
Table 2 shows typical relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range of an open-flame carbon-
arc lamp with window-glass filters.
Table 2 — Typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with
ab
window-glass filters (type 2)
Typical distribution for open- CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4,
Spectral passband
flame carbon-arc lamp with plus effect of window
[λ = wavelength
c de
window-glass filters glass
in nanometres (nm)]
% %
λ < 300 0,0
300 ≤ λ ≤ 320 0,3 ≤1
320 < λ ≤ 360 18,7 33,1
360 < λ ≤ 400 81,0 66,0
a
This table gives the typical irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between
290 nm and 400 nm. To determine the irradiance in each passband for an open-flame carbon-arc lamp with a
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4892-4
Third edition
2013-07-15
Plastics — Methods of exposure to
laboratory light sources —
Part 4:
Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
Plastiques — Méthodes d’exposition à des sources lumineuses de
laboratoire —
Partie 4: Lampes à arc au carbone
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 Laboratory light source . 2
4.2 Test chamber . 6
4.3 Radiometer . 7
4.4 Thermometer . 7
4.5 Moisture . 7
4.6 Specimen holders . 7
4.7 Apparatus to assess changes in properties . 7
5 Test specimens. 8
6 Test conditions . 8
6.1 Temperature . 8
6.2 Relative humidity of air . 8
6.3 Spray cycle . 8
6.4 Cycles with dark periods . 8
7 Procedure. 9
7.1 Mounting the test specimens . 9
7.2 Exposure . 9
7.3 Measurement of radiant exposure . 9
7.4 Determination of changes in properties after exposure . 9
8 Exposure report . 9
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical
and environmental resistance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4892-4:2004), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. It also incorporates Technical Corrigendum ISO 4892-4:2004/Corr.1:2005.
ISO 4892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Methods of exposure to
laboratory light sources:
— Part 1: General guidance
— Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
— Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
— Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4892-4:2013(E)
Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources —
Part 4:
Open-flame carbon-arc lamps
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4892 specifies methods for exposing specimens to open-flame carbon-arc lamps in the
presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in
actual end-use environments in daylight or daylight filtered through window glass.
The specimens are exposed to filtered open-flame carbon-arc light under controlled environmental
conditions (temperature, moisture). Various filters are described.
Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other International Standards for
specific materials.
General guidance is given in ISO 4892-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to
daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources
ISO 4892-1:1999, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
3 Principle
3.1 Specimens of the materials to be tested are exposed to glass-filtered open-flame carbon-arc
light, to heat and to moisture continuously or in repetitive cycles.
3.2 The exposure conditions may be varied by selection of:
a) the light filter;
b) the type of exposure to moisture/humidity;
c) the length of exposure to light and moisture/humidity;
d) the temperature of the exposure;
e) the relative lengths of the light and dark periods.
The effect of moisture is usually produced by controlling the humidity of the air or by spraying the test
specimens with demineralized/deionized water or by condensation of water vapour on to the surfaces
of the specimens.
3.3 The procedure may include measurements of the irradiance and radiant exposure at the surface
of the specimens.
3.4 It is recommended that a similar material of known behaviour (a control) be exposed
simultaneously with the test specimens to provide a reference standard for comparative purposes.
3.5 Intercomparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different apparatus should not
be made unless an appropriate statistical relationship has been established between the devices for the
particular material tested.
4 Apparatus
4.1 Laboratory light source
4.1.1 General
Open-flame carbon-arc light sources typically use three or four pairs of carbon rods, which contain
a mixture of rare-earth metal salts and have a surface coating of a metal, such as copper. An electric
current is passed between the carbon rods, which burn, giving off ultraviolet, visible and infrared
radiation. The pairs of carbon rods are burned in sequence, with one pair burning at any one time.
Use the carbon rods recommended by the manufacturer of the apparatus. The radiation reaching the
specimens passes through glass filters. Three types of glass filter are used in practice. Tables 1 and
2 show the typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight and
window-glass filters, respectively. When extended-UV filters are used, the relative spectral irradiance
shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
4.1.2 Spectral irradiance of open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight filters (type 1)
Table 1 shows typical relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range of an open-flame carbon-
arc lamp with daylight filters in order to simulate daylight (see CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4).
Table 1 — Typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with daylight
ab
filters (type 1)
Typical distribution for open-
Spectral passband
de
flame carbon-arc lamp with CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4
[λ = wavelength
c
daylight filters
%
in nanometres (nm)]
%
λ < 290 0,05
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 2,9 5,4
320 < λ ≤ 360 20,5 38,2
360 < λ ≤ 400 76,6 56,4
a
This table gives the irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between 290 nm
and 400 nm. To determine the relative spectral irradiance for a specific daylight filter or set of filters for an open-flame
carbon-arc lamp, the relative spectral irradiance shall be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. Typically, this is done in 2 nm
increments. The total irradiance in each passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance between 290 nm and
400 nm.
b
This table gives typical data for an open-flame carbon-arc lamp with borosilicate-glass daylight filters. At the time of
publication of this part of ISO 4892, not enough data are available to develop a specification for the open-flame carbon-arc
lamp with a daylight filter.
c
For any individual relative spectral irradiance, the calculated percentages for the passbands in this table will sum to
100 %.
d
The data from Table 4 of CIE Publication No. 85:1989 is the global solar irradiance on a horizontal surface for an air
mass of 1,0, an ozone column of 0,34 cm at STP, 1,42 cm of precipitable water vapour and a spectral optical depth of aerosol
extinction of 0,1 at 500 nm. These data are provided for comparison purposes only.
e
For the solar spectrum represented by Table 4 of CIE No. 85:1989, the UV irradiance (290 nm to 400 nm) is 11 % and the
visible irradiance (400 nm to 800 nm) is 89 %, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 290 nm to 800 nm.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

4.1.3 Spectral irradiance of open-flame carbon-arc lamps with window-glass filters (type 2)
Table 2 shows typical relative spectral irradiance in the UV wavelength range of an open-flame carbon-
arc lamp with window-glass filters.
Table 2 — Typical relative spectral irradiance for open-flame carbon-arc lamps with
ab
window-glass filters (type 2)
Typical distribution for open- CIE No. 85:1989, Table 4,
Spectral passband
flame carbon-arc lamp with plus effect of window
[λ = wavelength
c de
window-glass filters glass
in nanometres (nm)]
% %
λ < 300 0,0
300 ≤ λ ≤ 320 0,3 ≤1
320 < λ ≤ 360 18,7 33,1
360 < λ ≤ 400 81,0 66,0
a
This table gives the typical irradiance in the given passband, expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance between
290 nm and 400 nm. To determine the irradiance in each passband for an open-flame carbon-arc lamp with a specific set of
window-glass filters, the relative spectral irradiance shall be measured from 250 nm to 400 nm. Typically, this is done in
2 nm increments. The total irradiance in each passband is then summed and divided by the total irradiance between 290 nm
and 400 nm.
b
This table gives typical data for an open-flame carbon-arc lamp with window-glass filters. At the time of publication of
this part of ISO 4892, there is not enough data available to develop a specifi
...