SIST EN IEC 61563:2021
(Main)Radiation protection instrumentation - Equipment for measuring the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in foodstuffs (IEC 61563:2019)
Radiation protection instrumentation - Equipment for measuring the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in foodstuffs (IEC 61563:2019)
This document applies to instruments used to measure the activity and/or activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in food and/or foodstuffs. This document applies to instruments used both gross count type instruments and pulse height analysing type instruments used in field conditions and in measurement facilities. This document does not apply to high-resolution spectrometers that use germanium detectors.
Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Einrichtungen für die Messung der Aktivitätskonzentration von Gammastrahlung emittierenden Radionukliden in Lebensmitteln (IEC 61563:2019)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Équipement de mesure de la concentration d’activité des radionucléides émetteurs gamma dans les aliments (IEC 61563:2019)
IEC 61563:2019 s’applique aux instruments utilisés pour mesurer l’activité et/ou l’activité volumique des radionucléides émetteurs gamma dans les aliments et/ou les produits alimentaires. Le présent document s’applique aux instruments utilisés à la fois comme instruments de comptage brut et comme instruments d’analyse d’amplitude d’impulsions dans des conditions en milieu réel et des installations de mesure. Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux spectromètres à haute résolution qui utilisent des détecteurs au germanium.
Les instruments auxquels le présent document s’applique peuvent servir à mesurer l’activité et l’activité volumique des radionucléides émetteurs gamma contenus dans une grande variété d’échantillons, tels que sols, eaux usées, plantes et animaux vivants.
L’objet du présent document consiste à définir des exigences de performances, à fournir des méthodes d’essai et à préciser des caractéristiques et des conditions d'essai générales, ainsi que des caractéristiques radiologiques, environnementales, mécaniques et électromagnétiques à appliquer pour déterminer si un instrument satisfait aux exigences du présent document. Les résultats d’essai fournissent des informations aux utilisateurs finaux et aux fabricants concernant la capacité de l’instrument à permettre un mesurage fiable de l’activité et/ou de l’activité volumique des radionucléides émetteurs gamma.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2001. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) La version antérieure concernait les instruments portatifs et portables. La présente version s’applique aux instruments transportables et installés, ainsi qu’au domaine d’application de la précédente version. Les instruments portatifs et portables sont principalement utilisés dans le cas de situations post-accidentelles. Cependant, ils peuvent être utilisés lors des phases de rétablissement.
b) L’incertitude de mesure telle qu'elle est définie dans le Guide pour l’incertitude de mesure (GUM) a été ajoutée.
c) La limite de détection définie dans l’ISO 11929 est ajoutée afin de préciser une activité minimale detectable.
d) Les exigences environnementales, mécaniques et électromagnétiques sont mises à jour conformément à l’IEC 62706,
e) Le format échantillon du rapport de mesure est ajouté
Instrumenti za zaščito pred sevanjem - Oprema za merjenje koncentracije aktivnosti radionuklidov, ki oddajajo gama žarke v živila (IEC 61563:2019)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2021
Instrumenti za zaščito pred sevanjem - Oprema za merjenje koncentracije
aktivnosti radionuklidov, ki oddajajo gama žarke v živila (IEC 61563:2019)
Radiation protection instrumentation - Equipment for measuring the activity concentration
of gamma-emitting radionuclides in foodstuffs (IEC 61563:2019)
Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Einrichtungen für die Messung der Aktivitätskonzentration
von Gammastrahlung emittierenden Radionukliden in Lebensmitteln (IEC 61563:2019)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Équipement de mesure de la concentration
d’activité des radionucléides émetteurs gamma dans les aliments (IEC 61563:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61563:2021
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61563
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2021
ICS 13.280
English Version
Radiation protection instrumentation - Equipment for measuring
the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in
foodstuffs
(IEC 61563:2019)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Équipement de Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Einrichtungen für die Messung
mesure de la concentration d'activité des radionucléides der Aktivitätskonzentration von Gammastrahlung
émetteurs gamma dans les aliments emittierenden Radionukliden in Lebensmitteln
(IEC 61563:2019) (IEC 61563:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-01-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61563:2021 E
European foreword
This document (EN IEC 61563:2021) consists of the text of IEC 61563:2019 prepared by SC 45B
"Radiation protection instrumentation" of IEC/TC 45 "Nuclear instrumentation".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022-01-25
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024-01-25
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61563:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60846-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60846-1
IEC/TR 62461 NOTE Harmonized as CLC IEC/TR 62461
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-395 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 395: Nuclear instrumentation: Physical
phenomena, basic concepts, instruments,
systems, equipment and detectors
IEC 60086-2 - Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and EN 60086-2 -
electrical specifications
IEC 60529 - Classification of degrees of protection - -
provided by enclosures
IEC 61187 - Electrical and electronic measuring EN 61187 -
equipment - Documentation
IEC 62706 - Radiation protection instrumentation - - -
Environmental, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements
ISO 11929 - Determination of the characteristic limits - -
(decision threshold, detection limit and
limits of the confidence interval) for
measurements of ionizing radiation -
Fundamentals and application
IEC 61563 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Radiation protection instrumentation –
Equipment for measuring the activity concentration of gamma-emitting
radionuclides in foodstuffs
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection –
Équipement de mesure de la concentration d’activité des radionucléides
émetteurs gamma dans les aliments
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-7100-1
– 2 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms, quantities, units and symbols . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Quantities and units . 11
3.3 Symbols . 11
4 General test procedure . 12
4.1 Nature of tests . 12
4.2 Reference conditions and standard test conditions . 12
4.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2 Tests performed under standard test conditions . 12
4.2.3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 12
4.3 Instrument set-up during tests . 13
4.4 Statistical fluctuations . 13
4.5 Standard sources and reference sources . 13
4.6 Check sources . 13
4.7 Functionality tests . 13
4.7.1 General . 13
4.7.2 Stability and reproducibility of the source-detector geometry . 14
4.7.3 Combination of functionality tests and performance tests . 14
4.7.4 Conduct of functionality tests . 14
4.7.5 Regular operation behaviour . 14
5 General requirements . 14
5.1 General characteristics . 14
5.2 Type of instrument . 15
5.2.1 General . 15
5.2.2 Instrument types . 15
5.2.3 Measurement type . 15
5.3 Physical configuration . 16
5.3.1 General . 16
5.3.2 Detection sub-assembly . 16
5.3.3 Measurement sub-assembly . 16
5.3.4 Electric power supply . 17
5.3.5 Storage and transportation . 17
5.3.6 IP (degree of protection) classification . 17
5.4 Basic information . 17
5.4.1 Effective range of measurement . 17
5.4.2 Range of measurement energy . 18
5.4.3 Instrument background . 18
5.4.4 Detection limit . 18
5.5 Data output . 20
5.6 User interface . 20
5.7 Markings . 20
6 Radiation detection requirements . 21
6.1 Consideration of the uncertainty of the conventional true value . 21
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
6.2 Determination of radionuclide activity conversion factor . 21
6.3 Response to check sources . 22
6.3.1 Requirements . 22
6.3.2 Method of test. 22
6.4 Linearity . 22
6.4.1 Requirements . 22
6.4.2 Method of test. 22
6.5 Detection limit . 22
6.5.1 Requirements . 22
6.5.2 Method of test. 23
6.6 Response to external gamma-radiation . 23
6.6.1 Requirements . 23
6.6.2 Method of test. 23
6.7 Measurement under interference . 23
6.7.1 Requirements . 23
6.7.2 Method of test. 23
6.8 Statistical fluctuation . 23
6.8.1 Requirements . 23
6.8.2 Method of test. 24
6.9 Overload characteristics . 24
6.9.1 Requirements . 24
6.9.2 Method of test. 24
6.10 Warm up time . 24
6.10.1 Requirements . 24
6.10.2 Method of test. 24
6.11 Battery . 25
6.11.1 Requirements . 25
6.11.2 Method of test. 25
7 Environmental requirements . 25
7.1 General requirements . 25
7.2 Functionality test . 25
7.3 Ambient temperature. 25
7.3.1 Requirements . 25
7.3.2 Method of test. 26
7.4 Temperature shock . 26
7.4.1 Requirements . 26
7.4.2 Method of test. 26
7.5 Relative humidity . 26
7.5.1 Requirements . 26
7.5.2 Method of test. 26
8 Mechanical requirements . 27
8.1 General requirements . 27
8.2 Functionality test . 27
8.3 Mechanical shock . 27
8.3.1 Requirements . 27
8.3.2 Method of test. 27
8.4 Vibration test . 27
8.4.1 Requirements . 27
8.4.2 Method of test. 28
– 4 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
9 Electromagnetic requirements . 28
9.1 General requirements . 28
9.2 Functionality test . 28
9.3 External electromagnetic fields . 28
9.3.1 Requirements . 28
9.3.2 Method of test. 28
9.4 External magnetic fields . 28
9.4.1 Requirements . 28
9.4.2 Method of test. 29
9.5 Electrostatic discharge . 29
9.5.1 Requirements . 29
9.5.2 Method of test. 29
9.6 Conducted radio frequency . 29
9.6.1 Requirements . 29
9.6.2 Method of test. 29
9.7 Surge immunity . 29
9.7.1 Requirements . 29
9.7.2 Method of test. 29
9.8 Power supply change . 30
9.8.1 Requirements . 30
9.8.2 Method of test. 30
10 Documentation . 30
10.1 General . 30
10.2 Type test report or certificate . 30
10.3 Certificate . 30
10.4 Operation and maintenance manuals . 31
Annex A (normative) Test conditions . 32
Annex B (normative) Criteria of tests . 33
Annex C (informative) Sample format of measuring report . 34
Bibliography . 35
Table 1 – Symbols . 11
Table A.1 – Reference conditions and standard test conditions . 32
Table B.1 – Summary table of criteria of tests . 33
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION – EQUIPMENT FOR
MEASURING THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OF GAMMA-EMITTING
RADIONUCLIDES IN FOODSTUFFS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard 61563 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection
instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The previous edition applied to handheld-type and portable-type instruments. This edition
applies to transportable-type and installed-type instruments, as well as the scope of the
previous edition. The handheld-type and portable-type instruments are mainly used in
case of a post accidental situation, however, the transportable-type and installed-type
instruments can be used through recovery phase.
b) Uncertainty of measurement according to GUM is introduced.
c) Detection limit defined in ISO 11929 is introduced to specify a minimum detectable activity.
– 6 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
d) Environmental requirements, mechanical requirements and electromagnetic requirements
are updated according to IEC 62706.
e) Sample format of measuring report is introduced as Annex C (informative).
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45B/931/FDIS 45B/936/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 7 –
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION – EQUIPMENT FOR
MEASURING THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OF GAMMA-EMITTING
RADIONUCLIDES IN FOODSTUFFS
1 Scope
This document applies to instruments used to measure the activity and/or activity
concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in food and/or foodstuffs. This document
applies to instruments used both as gross count type instruments and pulse height analysing
type instruments used in field conditions and in measurement facilities. This document does
not apply to high-resolution spectrometers that use germanium detectors.
The instruments to which this document applies can be used to measure the activity and
activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides for a wide variety of samples, such as
soil, sewage, plant, and animal life.
The object of this document is to establish performance requirements, to provide test methods
and to specify general characteristics, general test conditions, and radiological, environmental,
mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics to be used to determine whether an
instrument meets the requirements of this document. The test results provide information to
end-users and manufacturers regarding the capability of instrument for reliable measurement
of the activity and/or activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides.
This document does not apply to sample preparation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-395, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 395: Nuclear
instrumentation: Physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and
detectors
IEC 60086-2, Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61187, Electrical and electronic measuring equipment – Documentation
IEC 62706, Radiation protection instrumentation – Environmental, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements
ISO 11929, Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and
limits of the coverage interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation – Fundamentals and
application
– 8 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms, quantities, units and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given
in IEC 60050-395 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
activity concentration
-1 -3
activity per unit mass (Bq kg ) or activity per unit volume (Bq m ) of a given radionuclide.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-395:2014, 395-01-09, modified: Activity per unit mass mentioned in IEV
395-01-08 is added to a meaning of activity concentration defined as activity per unit volume
in IEV 395-01-09.]
3.1.2
blank sample
dummy sample that contains the same substance that is to be measured in the sample but
does not contain radioactive material other than Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
(NORMs)
3.1.3
coefficient of variation
V
which
ratio of the standard deviation s to the arithmetic mean x of a set of n measurements x
i
is given by the following formula:
n
s 1 1
V = = (x − x)
∑ i
x x n −1
i=1
.
3.1.4
conventional true value
value attributed to a particular quantity and accepted, sometimes by convention, as having an
uncertainty appropriate for a given purpose
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-01-06]
3.1.5
decade
range of values of a certain quantity for which the common logarithms of the ratio of maximum
and minimum value is unity
3.1.6
non-linearity
deviation from a straight line of the curve representing an output quantity as a function of an
input quantity
Note 1 to entry: The reference straight line is determined by the radionuclide activity conversion factor described
in 6.2.
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 9 –
3.1.7
effective range of measurement
absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a nominal range
3.1.8
upper limit of effective range of measurement
maximum activity or activity concentration to be measured at which the performance of an
instrument meets the requirements of its specifications
3.1.9
lower limit of effective range of measurement
A
minimum activity or activity concentration to be measured over which the performance of an
instrument meets the requirement of its specifications
3.1.10
decision threshold
y*
value of the estimator of the measurand, which, when exceeded by the result of an actual
measurement using a given measurement procedure of a measurand quantifying a physical
effect, is used to decide that the physical effect is present.
Note 1 to entry: The decision threshold is defined such that in cases where the measurement result, y, exceeds
the decision threshold, y*, the probability of a wrong decision, namely that the true value of the measurand is not
zero if in fact it is zero, is less or equal to a chosen probability α.
Note 2 to entry: If the result, y, is below the decision threshold, y*, it is decided to conclude that the result cannot
be attributed to the physical effect; nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that it is absent.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929:2019, 3.12]
3.1.11
detection limit
#
y
smallest true value of the measurand which ensures a specified probability of being
detectable by the measurement procedure.
Note 1 to entry: With the decision threshold according to 3.1.10, the detection limit is the smallest true value of
the measurand for which the probability of wrongly deciding that the true value of the measurand is zero is equal to
a specified value, β, when, in fact, the true value of the measurand is not zero. The probability of being detectable
is consequently (1-β).
Note 2 to entry: The terms detection limit and decision threshold are used in an ambiguous way in different
standards (e.g. standards related to chemical analysis or quality assurance). If these terms are referred to one has
to state according to which standard they are used.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929:2019, 3.13]
3.1.12
radionuclide activity conversion factor
C
quotient of the conventional true value of the activity (A) and an indication of the instrument in
count rate (I), which is given by the following formula:
A
C =
I
Note 1 to entry: Radionuclide activity conversion factor is inverse of the counting efficiency.
– 10 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
3.1.13
reference source
radioactive source calibrated by using the standard source for use in a calibration of the
measuring instrument
3.1.14
standard source
radioactive source that has been calibrated by a laboratory recognized as a country's national
standardizing laboratory for radioactivity measurements and that has been so certified by the
aforementioned laboratory
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-395:2014, 395-02-03]
3.1.15
check source
radioactive source which is used for the instrument operability check, as well as for
performing tests for stability and the influences of ambient factors
3.1.16
routine test
conformity test made on each individual item during or after manufacture
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-17]
3.1.17
type test
conformity test made on one or more items representative of the production
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001,.151-16-16]
3.1.18
acceptance test
contractual test to prove to the customer that the item meets certain conditions of its
specification
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-23]
3.1.19
uncertainty of measurement
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: This formal definition of the term “uncertainty of measurement” was developed for use in ISO/IEC
Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
(GUM 1995), and ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-815:2015, 815-17-19]
3.1.20
standard uncertainty
standard deviation associated with the measurement result or an input quantity
Note 1 to entry: See GUM 2.3.4.
Note 2 to entry: The standard uncertainty of the measurement result is sometimes called “combined standard
uncertainty”.
Note 3 to entry: The quotient of the standard uncertainty and a measurement result is called “relative standard
uncertainty” and sometimes given as percentage.
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 11 –
3.1.21
expanded uncertainty
U
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to
encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to
the measurand
Note 1 to entry: The expanded uncertainty can be obtained by multiplying the (combined) standard uncertainty
times a coverage factor.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, GUM 2.2.5]
3.2 Quantities and units
In the present document, the units of the International System (SI) are used . The definitions
of radiation quantities are given in IEC 60050-395. Nevertheless, the following units may also
be used:
–19
– for energy: electron-volt (symbol: eV), 1 eV = 1,602 × 10 J.
– for time: years (symbol: y), days (symbol: d), hours (symbol: h), minutes (symbol: min).
Multiples and submultiples of SI units will be used, when practicable, according to the SI
system.
– SI unit of absorbed dose, kerma and specific energy imparted
-1
1 Gy = 1 J kg
– SI unit of activity of an amount of radionuclide equal to a second to the power minus one
-1
1 Bq = 1 s
3.3 Symbols
Table 1 gives a list of symbols used.
Table 1 – Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
*
y decision threshold ---
#
y detection limit ---
standard uncertainty of a measurand when its true value equals
-1 -3
ũ(0) Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
zero
standard uncertainty of a measurand when its true value equals
# -1 -3
ũ(y ) Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
#
y
quantile of a standardized normal distribution for the
k ---
1-α
probabilities 1-α.
quantile of a standardized normal distribution for the
k ---
1-β
probabilities 1-β.
A conventional true value of the activity or activity concentration Bq
detection limit expressed in units of activity or activity
-1 -3
A Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
DL
concentration
-1 -1 -3
I indication of instrument s , Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
___________
International Bureau of Weights and Measures: The International System of Units (SI) 8th edition, 2006;
updated in 2014.
– 12 – IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019
Symbol Meaning Unit
u relative standard uncertainty of measurement ---
U relative expanded uncertainty of measurement ---
relative expanded uncertainty of a ratio of an actual value to
U the reference value of the conventional true value of the ---
rel
activity and/or activity concentration
C radionuclide activity conversion factor Bq s
-1 -3
A lower limit bound of effective range of measurement Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
-1 -3
M measurand of the instrument Bq, Bq kg , Bq m
4 General test procedure
4.1 Nature of tests
Tests in this document are to be considered as type tests unless otherwise specified. A user
may employ certain tests in this document as acceptance tests. The required specifications
are evaluated by the tests given in the appropriate clauses. All tests in this document shall be
performed using the same instrument setup with any accessories included with the
instruments under test. Type tests shall be performed by using one or more instruments in
order to verify the design of the instrument model. Where no test is specified, it is understood
to mean that the characteristics can be verified by observation or consultation of the
manufacturer’s specifications.
4.2 Reference conditions and standard test conditions
4.2.1 General
The tests should be carried out under reference conditions ideally, however, since it is not
always possible to maintain these conditions, standard test conditions, which have small
intervals around the reference values, may be used.
The reference and standard test conditions are given in Table A.1. The reference conditions
are the conditions under which the performances of the instrument are valid and the standard
test conditions indicate the necessary tolerances in practical testing.
The tests in this document shall be performed under the standard test conditions given in the
third column of Table A.1 unless otherwise specified.
The temperature, pressure and relative humidity at the time of the test shall be stated, as well
as measuring time and date of the tests.
4.2.2 Tests performed under standard test conditions
Tests that are performed under the standard test conditions are listed in Table B.1 which
indicates, for each characteristic under test, the requirements according to the clause in
which the corresponding test method is described.
4.2.3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities
For tests intended to determine the effects of variations in the influence quantities given in
Table A.1, all of the other influence quantities should be maintained within the limits for the
standard test conditions unless otherwise specified in the relevant test procedure.
IEC 61563:2019 © IEC 2019 – 13 –
4.3 Instrument set-up during tests
All tests, including those involving the use of the radioactive sources, should be performed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.4 Statistical fluctuations
If the magnitude of the statistical fluctuations of the indication arising from the random nature
of radiation alone is a significant fraction of the variation of the indication permitted in the test,
then sufficient readings shall be taken to ensure that the mean value of such readings may be
estimated with sufficient precision to determine whether the requirements for the
characteristic being tested are met. The interval between such readings shall be longer than a
measuring time for accumulating type instruments and longer than the three times the time
constant for rate meter type instruments, which are sufficient to ensure that the readings are
statistically independent.
4.5 Standard sources and reference sources
The following types of sources or their combinations are used for instrument testing and
adjustment of response:
standard sources,
reference sources.
Standard sources and reference sources should contain radionuclides, that the instrument is
intended to measure, existing either as a single radionuclide or some appropriate combination.
The activity(ies) of the standard sources and reference sources to be used shall be traceable
to national or international standards. The conventionally true value of activity of standard
sources shall be determined with a relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of less than 10 %. If
necessary, half-life corrections should be made for these standard sources.
The standard sources and reference sources may be produced by using various substitutes,
including polymeric compounds, activated aluminium powder or natural matrix. The standard
sources and reference sources may also be radioactive solutions. The sources should be
equivalent to the sample to be measured in terms of radionuclide composition and the total
mass attenuation coefficient. The sou
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