SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO 4618:2014)
Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO 4618:2014)
This International Standard defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and
raw materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those
applications and properties, e.g. corrosion protection, coating powders.
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with ISO/TS 80004-4.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this International
Standard gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the
member body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages
can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE 1 Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this International Standard are shown in italics.
NOTE 2 See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO 4618:2014)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Begriffe fest, die auf dem Gebiet der Beschichtungsstoffe (Lacke, Anstrichstoffe und Rohstoffe für Lacke und Anstrichstoffe) verwendet werden.
Begriffe, die sich auf spezifische Anwendungen und Eigenschaften beziehen, werden in Normen behandelt, die derartige Anwendungen und Eigenschaften betreffen, z. B. Korrosionsschutz, Pulverlacke.
Begriffe zur Nanotechnologie sind mit ISO/TS 80004-4 abgestimmt.
Zusätzlich zu den Begriffen in Englisch und Französisch (zwei der insgesamt drei offiziellen ISO-Sprachen) sind in dieser Internationalen Norm die entsprechenden Begriffe in Deutsch enthalten; diese sind unter der Verantwortung des deutschen ISO-Mitglieds (DIN) veröffentlicht. Dennoch können nur die in den offiziellen Sprachen der ISO veröffentlichen Begriffe als ISO-Begriffe betrachtet werden.
ANMERKUNG 1 In den Definitionen sind diejenigen Benennungen, für die an anderer Stelle in dieser Internationalen Norm Definitionen gegeben sind, durch Kursivdruck gekennzeichnet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Siehe auch die online browsing platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
Peintures et vernis - Termes et définitions (ISO 4618:2014)
L'ISO 4618:2014 définit des termes utilisés dans le domaine des produits de peinture (peintures, vernis et matières premières pour les peintures et vernis). Les termes relatifs aux propriétés et applications particulières sont traités dans les normes pertinentes, par exemple la protection contre la corrosion, les poudres de revêtement.
Les termes et définitions de l'ISO 4618:2014 peuvent être consultés gratuitement sur la plate-forme de consultation en ligne ISO (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
Barve in laki - Izrazi in definicije (ISO 4618:2014)
Ta mednarodni standard določa izraze, ki se uporabljajo na področju premaznih materialov (barve, laki ter surovine za barve in lake). Izrazi, ki se nanašajo na specifične načine uporabe in lastnosti so razloženi v standardih, ki obravnavajo te načine uporabe in lastnosti, npr. protikorozijska zaščita, prekrivni prah.
Izrazi, ki se nanašajo na področje nanotehnologije, so usklajeni s standardom ISO/TS 80004-4. Izrazi v tem mednarodnem standardu so razen v angleškem in francoskem jeziku (ki sta dva od treh uradnih jezikov ISO) navedeni tudi v nemškem jeziku. Slednji so objavljeni z odgovornostjo ustreznih organov za Nemčijo (DIN). Vendar je kot izraze in definicije ISO mogoče šteti samo tiste, ki so v uradnih jezikih.
OPOMBA 1: Tisti izrazi, ki so določeni drugje v tem mednarodnem standardu, so napisani v poševnem tisku.
OPOMBA 2: Glejte tudi platformo za brskanje po spletu ISO (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
01-januar-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 4618:2007
Barve in laki - Izrazi in definicije (ISO 4618:2014)
Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO 4618:2014)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO 4618:2014)
Peintures et vernis - Termes et définitions (ISO 4618:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4618:2014
ICS:
01.040.87 Industrija barv (Slovarji) Paint and colour industries
(Vocabularies)
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
SIST EN ISO 4618:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4618
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS 01.040.87; 87.040
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO 4618:2014)
Peintures et vernis - Termes et définitions (ISO 4618:2014) Einführendes Element - Haupt-Element - Ergänzendes
Element (ISO 4618:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 June 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4618:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
EN ISO 4618:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
EN ISO 4618:2014 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 4618:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 “Paints and
varnishes” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4618:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4618:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4618:2014 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4618
NORME
Second edition
Deuxième édition
INTERNATIONALE 2014-10-15
Paints and varnishes — Terms and
definitions
Peintures et vernis — Termes et
définitions
Beschichtungsstoffe — Begriffe
Reference number
Numéro de référence
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
©
ISO 2014
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
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l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland/Publié en Suisse
iiii © ISO 2014 – All rig© ISO 2014 – All rights rhts reserveserved/Ted/Tous drous droits roits réservéservésés
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index .30
Bibliography .41
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés iii
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4618:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are listed below.
a) The following terms have been added: abrasion, aerosol, appearance, bubble, colour retention,
dispersion, effect pigment, emulsion, functional pigment, nanoaerosol, nanocoating, nanodispersion,
nanoemulsion, nanoextender, nanofilm, nano-object, nanopigment, nanoscale, nanostructured
coating, nanosuspension, nanotexture, non-volatile matter by volume, overcoatability, performance,
pourability (changed from flowability), reflow effect, rheopexy/rheopectic behaviour, rust back
(synonym for flash rust), rust bloom, scratch, scribe, shear-thickening flow behaviour/dilatant
flow behaviour, shear-thinning flow behaviour/pseudoplastic flow behaviour, surface structure,
suspension, texture, thixotropy/thixotropic behaviour, viscoelasticity, viscosity, yield point/yield
stress/yield value.
b) The following terms have been amended: adhesive strength, ageing, agglomerate, aggregate, airless
spraying, anti-foaming agent, anti-fouling paint, application rate, barrier coating material, bleeding,
binder, biocide, blistering (replaced by blister), blooming, brightness, chalking, coat, coating,
coating material, coating process, cohesion, colour, colouring material, consistency/body, corrosion,
cracking, cratering, crocodiling, crow’s foot cracking, defoaming agent, de-nibbing, dirt pick-up, dirt
retention, drying, durability, dyestuff, elasticity, etching, extender, feather edging, feeding, filler,
filling, film, film formation, flash point, flexibility, floating, flooding, flow, flow agent, hardness,
hiding power, holiday, hot spraying, hydrocarbon resin, impregnating material, in-can preservative,
lap, leafing, mar resistance (changed to mar), masking, metamerism, non-volatile matter, paint,
pigment, polymer dispersion, pot life, preparation grade, recoatability, resin, run, rust grade,
sag, sagging, sheen, shelf life, shop primer, stopper, synthetic resin, thixotropic agent/thixotrope,
varnish.
c) The following terms have been deleted: blast primer, chromating, emulsion paint/latex paint,
coverage (as synonym for hiding power), flowability (changed to pourability), hair cracking, opacity
(as synonym for hiding power), high solids, miss (as synonym for holiday).
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and
raw materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those
applications and properties, e.g. corrosion protection, coating powders.
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with ISO/TS 80004-4.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this International
Standard gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the
member body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages
can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE 1 Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this International Standard are shown in italics.
NOTE 2 See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 Terms and definitions
2.1
abrasion
process of wearing away or deformation of a surface by friction as a result of rubbing
2.2
abrasive blast-cleaning
impingement of a high-kinetic-energy stream of an abrasive on the surface to be prepared
2.3
accelerator
additive that increases the speed of chemical reactions
2.4
acid value
number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize 1 g of a sample under
specified test conditions
2.5
acrylic resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polymerization or copolymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic
monomers, frequently together with other monomers
2.6
additive
any substance, added in small quantities to a coating material, to improve or otherwise modify one or
more properties
2.7
adhesion
phenomenon of attachment at the interface between a solid surface and another material caused by
molecular forces
Note 1 to entry: Adhesion should not be confused with cohesion.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.8
adhesive strength
force required to detach a coating from a substrate or another coating
2.9
aerosol
solid or liquid particles in dispersion in a gaseous medium
2.10
after tack
property of a film to remain sticky after normal drying or curing
2.11
ageing
change of one or more initial properties of a film during the passage of time
2.12
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external
surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The force applied to the aggregates/agglomerates during the paint making process can differ,
depending on the method used.
2.13
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The force applied to the aggregates/agglomerates during the paint making process can differ,
depending on the method used.
2.14
airless spraying
process of application of coating material by forcing it through an orifice at high pressure without air
supply
2.15
alkyd resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polycondensation of fatty acids (or oils) and carbonic acids with polyols
2.16
amino resin
synthetic resin resulting from the condensation of urea or melamine or derivatives such as benzo-
guanamine with formaldehyde
Note 1 to entry: These resins are often etherified with alcohols.
2.17
anti-blocking agent
additive that usually rises to the surface during the drying process and thus prevents blocking
2.18
anti-foaming agent
additive that prevents foaming or reduces the foaming tendency of a coating material
Note 1 to entry: See also defoaming agent.
2.19
anti-fouling paint
coating material applied to the underwater sections of a ship’s hull or to other underwater structures to
discourage biological growth
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ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.20
anti-settling agent
additive that prevents or retards the settling of pigments and/or extenders during storage of a coating
material
2.21
anti-skinning agent
additive that prevents or retards skinning caused by oxidation during storage
2.22
apparent density
ratio of mass to volume of an untamped powder
Note 1 to entry: See also bulk density and tamped density.
2.23
appearance
visual characteristics of a surface
Note 1 to entry: This includes colour, gloss, distinctness of image (DOI), haze, surface structure, texture, orange
peel, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The word appearance has no special paint related meaning in English but is included here for
clarification for non-English speakers.
2.24
application rate
quantity of a coating material that is required to produce, under defined working conditions, a dry film
or coat of given thickness on unit area
2 2
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in l/m or kg/m .
Note 2 to entry: See also spreading rate.
2.25
barrier coating material
coating material used to isolate a coating system from the substrate to which it is applied, in order to
prevent chemical or physical interaction, e.g. to prevent bleeding or migration from an underlying coat
or substrate
Note 1 to entry: The German term “Isoliermittel” which is still currently used should be avoided, in order to
prevent confusion with heat- and sound-deadening materials as well as with electrical insulators.
2.26
binder
non-volatile part of a medium
2.27
biocide
additive added to a coating material to prevent organisms responsible for microbiological degradation
from attacking a substrate, a coating material or a film thereof
2.28
bleeding
migration of a coloured substance from a material into another material in contact with it, which could
produce an undesirable staining or discoloration
2.29
blister
convex deformation in a film, arising from local detachment of one or more of the constituent coats
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.30
blocking
unwanted adhesion between two surfaces, at least one of which has been coated, when they are left in
contact under load after a given drying period
2.31
blooming
migration of a substance to form a deposit on the coating surface
Note 1 to entry: The substance can be a constituent of the coating or of the substrate to which the coating is
applied.
2.32
blushing
milky opalescence that sometimes develops as a film of lacquer dries, and is due to the deposition of
moisture from the air and/or precipitation of one or more of the solid constituents of the lacquer
2.33
brightness
combination of the lightness and colour intensity of a material
Note 1 to entry: Brightness is most commonly expressed numerically by the tristimulus value Y.
2.34
brittleness
condition whereby a film or coat has such poor flexibility that it disintegrates easily into small fragments
2.35
bronzing
change in the colour of the surface of a film giving the appearance of aged bronze
2.36
brush-drag
resistance encountered when applying a coating material by brush, related to its high-shear viscosity
2.37
bubble
closed or open spherical cavity trapped in a paint layer, often caused by evaporating solvents
2.38
bubbling
formation of temporary or permanent bubbles in an applied film
2.39
bulk density
ratio of mass to volume of a powder when poured gently under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The value of the bulk density depends to a large extent on the method of measurement used and
the manner in which it is carried out.
Note 2 to entry: See also tamped density.
2.40
burning off
removal of a coating by a process in which the film is softened by heat and then scraped off while still soft
2.41
chalking
appearance of a loosely adherent powder on the surface of a film or coat arising from the degradation of
one or more of its constituents
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ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.42
checking
form of cracking characterized by fine cracks distributed over the surface of a dry film or coat in a more
or less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of checking is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Checking
2.43
chemical pre-treatment
any chemical process applied to a surface prior to the application of a coating material
Note 1 to entry: See e.g. phosphating.
2.44
chipping
removal, in flakes, of a coating or rust and mill scale by use of hand or power tools
2.45
chlorinated rubber
polymeric material resulting from the action of chlorine on natural and/or synthetic rubber
2.46
cissing
appearance in a film of areas of non-uniform thickness which vary in extent and distribution
2.47
clear coating material
coating material which when applied to a substrate forms a solid transparent film having protective,
decorative or specific technical properties
Note 1 to entry: See also varnish.
2.48
coalescing agent
additive added to a coating material based on a polymer dispersion to facilitate film formation
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ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.49
coat
layer of a coating material resulting from a single application
Note 1 to entry: For fillers the word “coat” is used instead of “film”.
2.50.1
coating
layer formed from a single or multiple application of a coating material to a substrate
2.50.2
coating
process of applying a coat
Note 1 to entry: The use of the term “coating” for “coating material” is deprecated.
2.51
coating material
product, in liquid, paste or powder form, that, when applied to a substrate, forms a layer possessing
protective, decorative and/or other specific properties
Note 1 to entry: The German term “Beschichtungsstoff” includes the terms “Lack”, “Anstrichstoff” and such for
similar products.
2.52
coating powder
coating material in powder form which, after fusing and possibly curing, gives a continuous film
2.53
coating process
method of application of a coating material to a substrate
2.54
coating system
combination of all coats of coating materials which are to be applied or which have been applied to a
substrate
Note 1 to entry: The actual system can be characterized by the number of coats involved.
Note 2 to entry: See also coating.
2.55
cohesion
forces that bind a film or coat into an integral entity
Note 1 to entry: Cohesion should not be confused with adhesion.
2.56
coil coating
coating process whereby the coating material is applied continuously to a coil of metal which may be
rewound after the film has been dried
2.57
cold cracking
formation of cracks in a film resulting from exposure to low temperatures
2.58
colour
sensation resulting from the perception of light of a given spectral composition by the human eye
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German word “Farbe” alone, i.e. not in combinations of words, for coating materials
is deprecated.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
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Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue, chroma, and lightness.
2.59
colour retention
degree of permanence of a colour
Note 1 to entry: Colour retention can be influenced by weathering.
2.60
colouring material
any substance that confers colour to other materials
Note 1 to entry: Colouring materials comprise pigments that are insoluble in the application medium as well as
dyestuffs that are soluble in the application medium.
2.61.1
compatibility
ability of two or more materials to be mixed together without causing undesirable effects
2.61.2
compatibility
ability of a coating material to be applied to a substrate without
causing undesirable effects
2.62
consistency
body
flow resistance of a coating material as assessed subjectively when applying a shearing force
2.63
contrast ratio
ratio of the reflectance of a coating material applied under specified conditions over a black surface to
the reflectance of the same thickness of this coating material applied over a white surface
2.64
corrosion
process of deterioration by chemical, electrochemical or microbiological reactions resulting from
exposure to the environment or a medium
2.65
cracking
rupturing of a dry film or coat
Note 1 to entry: The English term “cracking” is also used for a specific form of cracking illustrated in Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: Crocodiling and crow’s foot cracking are examples of forms of cracking.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
Figure 2 — Cracking
2.66
cratering
formation in a film or coat of small circular depressions that persist after drying
Note 1 to entry: Craters can extend into preceding layers of coating or to the substrate.
Note 2 to entry: Cratering is caused by localized inhomogeneities of the surface tension of the coating.
Contamination of the substrate or coating with incompatible substances such as small oil drops or particulate
material are the most frequent causes.
2.67
crawling
extreme form of cissing
Note 1 to entry: There is no German term for “crawling”.
2.68
crazing
form of cracking characterized by wide, deep cracks distributed over the surface of a dry film in a more
or less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of crazing is shown in Figure 3.
Note 2 to entry: There is no French and German term for “crazing”.
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
Figure 3 — Crazing
2.69
critical pigment volume concentration
CPVC
value of the pigment volume concentration at which the voids between the solid particles which are
nominally touching are just filled with binder and above which certain properties of the film are markedly
changed
2.70
crocodiling
form of cracking characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crocodile skin
Note 1 to entry: An example of crocodiling is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Crocodiling
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2.71
crow’s foot cracking
form of cracking characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crow’s foot
Note 1 to entry: An example of crow’s foot cracking is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Crow’s foot cracking
2.72
curing
hardening
increase in the molecular size of a binder by chemical reaction
Note 1 to entry: Acceleration is possible by physical means (heat, radiation) or a catalyst.
Note 2 to entry: In French, curing is used for two-component paints, the second component generally being called
the hardener.
2.73
curing agent
additive that promotes the chemical curing of a coating
2.74
curtain coating
application of a coating material by passing the article to be coated horizontally through a descending
sheet of a continuously recirculated coating material
2.75
cutting-in
application of a coating material by brush up to a predetermined line
Note 1 to entry: An example is applying the coating material to the frames of windows without applying it to the
glazing.
2.76
defoaming agent
additive that reduces foam which can form during manufacture and/or application of the coating material
Note 1 to entry: See also anti-foaming agent.
10 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.77
degreasing
removal from a surface, prior to painting, of oil, grease and similar substances by either an organic
solvent or a water-based cleaning agent
2.78
de-nibbing
removal of small particles protruding from the dry surface of an applied coating or of a substrate
2.79
de-scaling
removal of mill scale or laminated rust from steel or other ferrous substrates
2.80
diluent
volatile liquid, single or blended, which, whilst not a solvent, may be used in conjunction with the solvent
without causing any deleterious effects
Note 1 to entry: See also solvent and thinner.
2.81
dipping
application of a coating material by immersing the object to be coated in a bath containing the coating
material and then, after withdrawal, allowing it to drain
2.82
dirt pick-up
tendency of a dry film or coat to attract to the surface appreciable amounts of soiling material
2.83
dirt retention
tendency of a dry film or coat to retain on the surface soiling material which cannot be removed by
simple cleaning
2.84
dispersion
heterogeneous mixture of at least two materials, which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in each
other and not chemically bonded
Note 1 to entry: Dispersion is the generic term for suspension and emulsion.
2.85
dispersing agent
dispersant
additive that facilitates the dispersion of solids in the medium during manufacture and that increases the
stability of the mixture thereafter
2.86
drier
compound, usually a metal soap, that is added to products drying by oxidation in order to accelerate this
process
2.87
drying
all the processes through which an applied coating material passes in going from the liquid to the solid
state
Note 1 to entry: “Oxidative drying” is used frequently, instead of the more correct term “oxidative hardening”.
Note 2 to entry: See also curing.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés 11
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SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
ISO 4618:2014(E/F)
2.88
drying oil
oil based on unsaturated fa
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
01-februar-2014
Barve in laki - Izrazi in definicije (ISO/DIS 4618:2012)
Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO/DIS 4618:2012)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO/DIS 4618:2012)
Peintures et vernis - Termes et définitions (ISO/DIS 4618:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 4618 rev
ICS:
01.040.87 Industrija barv (Slovarji) Paint and colour industries
(Vocabularies)
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 4618 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2012
ICS 01.040.87; 87.040 Will supersede EN ISO 4618:2006
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Terms and definitions (ISO/DIS
4618:2012)
Peintures et vernis - Termes et définitions (ISO/DIS Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO/DIS 4618:2012)
4618:2012)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 139.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 4618 rev:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
prEN ISO 4618:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
prEN ISO 4618:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 4618:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints and
varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN ISO 4618:2006.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 4618:2012 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 4618:2012 without any
modification.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4618
ISO/TC 35 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2012-12-20 2013-05-20
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
Peintures et vernis — Termes et définitions
[Revision of first edition (ISO 4618:2006)]
ICS 01.040.87; 87.040
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and
processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME
STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2012
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
ISO/DIS 4618
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
ISO/DIS 4618
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Illustrations of different forms of cracking . 27
Bibliography . 30
Alphabetical Index . 31
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
ISO/DIS 4618
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4618 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4618:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are:
a) The following terms have been added: aerosol, appearance, bubble, colour retention, dispersion,
emulsion, holiday, nanoaerosol, nanocoating, nanodispersion, nanoemulsion, nanoextender, nanofilm,
nano-object, nanopigment, nanostructured coating, nanosuspension, nanotexture, overcoatability,
overspray absorption, performance, reflow effect, scratch, scribe, surface structure, suspension, texture.
b) The following terms have been amended: agglomerate, aggregate, airless spraying, anti-foaming agent,
anti-fouling paint, binder, bleeding, blistering, blooming, brightness, bubbling, chalking, chromating, coat,
coating, coating material, coating process, cohesion, colour, colour retention, colouring material,
cratering, deforming agent, de-nibbling, dirt pick-up, dirt retention, drying, durability, etching, extender,
feather edging, filler, filling, film, floating, flooding, hardness, hiding power, lap, leafing, mar, miss, non-
volatile matter, pigment, polymer dispersion, pot life, recoatability, rust grade, sags, sheen, shelf life,
stopper, substrate.
c) The following terms have been deleted: hair cracking, high solids.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2014
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4618
Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw
materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those applications
and properties, e.g. corrosion protection, coating powders.
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with ISO/DTS 80004-4.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this International Standard
gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for
Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as
ISO terms and definitions.
Note to entry: Those terms that are defined elsewhere in the standard are shown in bold type.
2 Terms and definitions
2.1
abrasive blast-cleaning
impingement of a high-kinetic-energy stream of an abrasive on the surface to be prepared
2.2
accelerator
additive that increases the speed of chemical reactions
2.3
acid value
number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize 1 g of a sample under specified test
conditions
2.4
acrylic resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polymerization or copolymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers,
frequently together with other monomers
2.5
additive
any substance, added in small quantities to a coating material, to improve or otherwise modify one or more
properties
2.6
adhesion
phenomenon of attachment at the interface between a solid surface and another material caused by molecular
forces
Note to entry: Adhesion should not be confused with cohesion.
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2.7
adhesive strength
sum total of the forces of attachment between a dry coating and a substrate
2.8
aerosol
solid or liquid particles in dispersion in a gaseous medium
2.9
after tack
property of a film to remain sticky after normal drying or curing
2.10
ageing
irreversible changes in the properties of a film which occur with the passage of time
2.11
agglomerate
assemblage of primary particles and/or aggregates of pigments and/or extenders, which can be broken
down, during normal paint making processes
Note to entry: The force applied to the aggregates/agglomerates during the paint making process can differ, depending
on the method used.
2.12
aggregate
assemblage of particles of pigments and extenders so joined together that the assemblage cannot be
broken down during normal paint making processes
Note to entry: The force applied to the aggregates/agglomerates during the paint making process can differ, depending
on the method used.
2.13
airless spraying
process of application of coating material by forcing it hydraulically through an orifice at high pressure
2.14
alkyd resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polycondensation of fatty acids (or oils) and carbonic acids with polyols
2.15
amino resin
synthetic resin resulting from the condensation of urea or melamine or derivatives such as benzo-guanamine
with formaldehyde
Note to entry: These resins are often etherified with alcohols.
2.16
anti-blocking agent
additive that usually rises to the surface during the drying process and thus prevents blocking
2.17
anti-foaming agent
additive that prevents foaming or reduces the foaming tendency of a coating material
Note to entry: See also defoaming agent.
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2.18
anti-fouling paint
coating material applied either to the underwater sections of a ship's hull or to other underwater structures to
discourage biological growth
2.19
anti-settling agent
additive that prevents or retards the settling of pigments and/or extenders during storage of a coating
material
2.20
anti-skinning agent
additive that prevents or retards skinning caused by oxidation during storage
2.21
apparent density
ratio of mass to volume of an untamped powder
Note to entry: See also bulk density and tamped density.
2.22
appearance
visual characteristics of a surface
Note 1 to entry: This includes colour, gloss, distinctness of image (DOI), haze, surface structure, texture, orange
peel, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The word appearance has no special paint related meaning in English but is included here for
clarification for non-English speakers.
2.23
application rate
quantity of a coating material that is required to produce, under defined working conditions, a dry film of
given thickness on unit area
2 2
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in l/m or kg/m .
Note 2 to entry: See also spreading rate.
2.24
baking
See stoving.
Note to entry: There is no German term for “baking”.
2.25
barrier coating material
coating material used to isolate a coating system from the substrate to which it is applied, in order to
prevent chemical or physical interaction, e.g. to prevent bleeding or migration from an underlying coat or
substrate
Note 1 to entry: Barrier coating material should not be considered as the primer.
Note 2 to entry: The German term “Isoliermittel” which is still currently used should be avoided, in order to prevent
confusion with heat- and sound-deadening materials as well as with electrical insulators.
2.26
binder
non-volatile part of a medium, including synthetic resins and natural resins
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2.27
biocide
additive added to a coating material to prevent organisms responsible for microbiological degradation from
attacking a coating material or a film thereof
2.28
blast primer
coating material that is applied to a steel substrate directly after abrasive blast-cleaning
Note to entry: See also pre-fabrication primer.
2.29
bleeding
migration of a coloured substance from a material into another material in contact with it which could produce
an undesirable staining or discoloration
2.30
blister
convex deformation in a film, arising from local detachment of one or more of the constituent coats
2.31
blocking
unwanted adhesion between two surfaces, at least one of which has been coated, when they are left in
contact under load after a given drying period
2.32
blooming
migration of a substance to form a deposit on the coating surface
Note to entry: The substance can be a constituent of the coating or of the substrate to which the coating is applied.
2.33
blushing
milky opalescence that sometimes develops as a film of lacquer dries, and is due to the deposition of
moisture from the air and/or precipitation of one or more of the solid constituents of the lacquer
2.34
brightness
combination of the lightness and colour intensity of a material
Note to entry: Brightness is most commonly expressed numerically by the tristimulus value Y.
2.35
brittleness
condition whereby a film has such poor flexibility that it disintegrates easily into small fragments
2.36
bronzing
change in the colour of the surface of a film giving the appearance of aged bronze
2.37
brush-drag
resistance encountered when applying a coating material by brush, related to its high-shear viscosity
2.38
bubble
closed or open spherical cavity trapped in a paint layer, often caused by evaporating solvents
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2.39
bubbling
formation of temporary or permanent bubbles in an applied film
2.40
bulk density
ratio of mass to volume of a powder when poured gently under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The value of the bulk density depends to a large extent on the method of measurement used and the
manner in which it is carried out.
Note 2 to entry: See also tamped density.
2.41
burning off
removal of a coating by a process in which the film is softened by heat and then scraped off while still soft
2.42
chalking
appearance of a loosely adherent powder on the surface of a film or coat arising from the degradation of one
or more of its constituents
2.43
checking
form of cracking characterized by fine cracks distributed over the surface of a dry film in a more or less
regular pattern
Note to entry: An example of checking is shown in Figure 1.
2.44
chemical pre-treatment
any chemical process applied to a surface prior to the application of a coating material
Note to entry: See e.g. chromating, phosphating.
2.45
chipping
removal, in flakes, of a coating or rust and mill scale by use of hand or power tools
2.46
chlorinated rubber
polymeric material resulting from the action of chlorine on natural and/or synthetic rubber
2.47
chromating
chemical pre-treatment of the surface of certain metals using solutions usually consisting essentially of
chromic acid and/or chromate compounds
Note to entry: Due to the toxicity of chromate compounds the use of this pre-treatment technique is declining.
2.48
cissing
appearance in a film of areas of non-uniform thickness which vary in extent and distribution
2.49
clear coating material
coating material which when applied to a substrate forms a solid transparent film having protective,
decorative or specific technical properties
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Note to entry: See also varnish.
2.50
coalescing agent
additive added to a coating material based on a polymer dispersion to facilitate film formation
2.51
coat
layer of a coating material resulting from a single application
Note to entry: The word 'coat' is used instead of 'film' for fillers.
2.52
coating
1) layer formed from a single or multiple application of a coating material to a substrate
2) process of applying a coat
Note to entry: The use of the term “coating” for “coating material” is deprecated.
2.53
coating material
product, in liquid, paste or powder form, that, when applied to a substrate, forms a coat possessing
protective, decorative and/or other specific properties
Note to entry: The German term „Beschichtungsstoff” includes the terms „Lack”, „Anstrichstoff” and such for similar
products.
2.54
coating powder
coating material in powder form which, after fusing and possibly curing, gives a continuous film
2.55
coating process
method of application of a coating material to a substrate
2.56
coating system
combination of all coats of coating materials which are to be applied or which have been applied to a
substrate
Note to entry: The actual system can be characterized by the number of coats involved.
See also coating.
2.57
cohesion
forces that bind a film or coat into an integral entity
Note to entry: Cohesion should not be confused with adhesion.
2.58
coil coating
coating process whereby the coating material is applied continuously to a coil of metal which may be
rewound after the film has been dried
2.59
cold cracking
formation of cracks in a film resulting from exposure to low temperatures
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2.60
colour
sensation resulting from the perception of light of a given spectral composition by the human eye
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German word "Farbe" alone, i.e. not in combinations of words, for coating materials is
deprecated.
Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue, chroma, and lightness.
2.61
colour retention
degree of permanence of a colour
Note to entry: Colour retention can be influenced by for example weathering.
2.62
colouring material
any substance that confers colour to other materials
Note to entry: Colouring materials comprise pigments that are insoluble in the application medium as well as dyestuffs
that are soluble in the application medium.
2.63
compatibility
1) of materials:
ability of two or more materials to be mixed together without causing undesirable effects
2) of a coating material with the substrate:
ability of a coating material to be applied to a substrate without causing undesirable effects
2.64
consistency
body
apparent viscosity of a coating material as assessed subjectively when applying a shearing force
2.65
contrast ratio
ratio of the reflectance of a coating material applied under specified conditions over a black surface to the
reflectance of the same thickness of this coating material applied over a white surface
2.66
corrosion
process of deterioration by chemical, electrochemical or microbiological reactions resulting from exposure to
the environment
2.67
cracking
rupturing of a dry film
Note 1 to entry: The English term “cracking” is also used for a specific form of cracking illustrated in Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: Crocodiling (see Figure 4) and crow's foot cracking (see Figure 5) are examples of forms of
cracking.
2.68
cratering
formation in a film or coat of small circular depressions that persist after drying
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Note 1 to entry: Craters can extend into preceding layers of coating or to the substrate.
Note 2 to entry: Cratering is caused by localised inhomogeneities of the surface tension of the coating. Contamination
of the substrate or coating with incompatible substances such as small oil drops or particulate material are the most
frequent causes.
2.69
crawling
extreme form of cissing
Note to entry: There is no German term for “crawling”.
2.70
crazing
form of cracking characterized by wide, deep cracks distributed over the surface of a dry film in a more or
less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of crazing is shown in Figure 3.
Note 2 to entry: There is no German term for “crazing”.
2.71
critical pigment volume concentration
CPVC
value of the pigment volume concentration at which the voids between the solid particles which are
nominally touching are just filled with binder and above which certain properties of the film are markedly
changed
2.72
crocodiling
See cracking.
Note to entry: An example of crocodiling is shown in Figure 4.
2.73
crow's foot cracking
See cracking.
Note to entry: An example of crow's foot cracking is shown in Figure 5.
2.74
curing
hardening
increase in the molecular size of a binder by chemical reaction
Note 1 to entry: Acceleration is possible by physical means (heat, radiation) or a catalyst.
Note 2 to entry: In French, curing is used for two-component paints, the second component generally being called the
hardener.
2.75
curing agent
additive that promotes the chemical curing of a coating
2.76
curtain coating
application of a coating material by passing the article to be coated horizontally through a descending sheet
of a continuously recirculated coating material
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2.77
cutting-in
application of a coating material by brush up to a predetermined line
Note to entry: An example is applying the coating material to the frames of windows without applying it to the glazing.
2.78
defoaming agent
additive that destroys foam which can form during manufacture and/or application of the coating material
Note to entry: See also anti-foaming agent.
2.79
degreasing
removal from a surface, prior to painting, of oil, grease and similar substances by either an organic solvent or
a water-based cleaning agent
2.80
de-nibbing
removal, using an abrasive technique, of small particles protruding from the surface of a dry coating
2.81
de-scaling
removal of mill scale or laminated rust from steel or other ferrous substrates
2.82
diluent
volatile liquid, single or blended, which, whilst not a solvent, may be used in conjunction with the solvent
without causing any deleterious effects
Note to entry: See also solvent and thinner.
2.83
dipping
application of a coating material by immersing the object to be coated in a bath containing the coating
material and then, after withdrawal, allowing it to drain
2.84
dirt pick-up
tendency of a dry film or coat to attract to the surface appreciable amounts of soiling material
2.85
dirt retention
tendency of a dry film or coat to retain on the surface soiling material which cannot be removed by simple
cleaning
2.86
dispersion
heterogeneous mixture of at least two materials, which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in each other
and not chemically bonded
Note to entry: Dispersion is the generic term for suspension and emulsion.
2.87
dispersing agent
dispersant
additive that facilitates the dispersion of solids in the medium during manufacture and that increases the
stability of the mixture thereafter
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2.88
drier
compound, usually a metal soap, that is added to products drying by oxidation in order to accelerate this
process
2.89
drying
all the processes through which an applied coating material passes in going from the liquid to the solid state
Note 1 to entry: “Oxidative drying” is used frequently, instead of the more correct term “oxidative hardening”.
Note 2 to entry: See also curing.
2.90
drying oil
oil based on unsaturated fatty acids, yielding a film by oxidation
2.91
durability
ability of a coating to resist the damaging effects of its environment
2.92
dyestuff
colouring material, soluble in the application medium
2.93
efflorescence
phenomenon that occurs when water-soluble salts in a dry film or from the substrate migrate to the surface
and form a crystalline deposit
2.94
elasticity
ability of a film to return to its original form after the removal of stress applied in any lateral direction
Note to entry: See also flexibility.
2.95
electrodeposition
process whereby a film of a water-based coating material is deposited, under the influence of electric
current, on an object that forms either the anode or cathode, depending on the nature of the coating material
2.96
electron beam curing
process for the rapid curing of specially formulated coating materials by means of a concentrated stream of
electrons
2.97
electrostatic spraying
method of application by which an electrostatic potential difference is applied between the article to be coated
and the atomized coating material particles
2.98
emulsi
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