SIST EN 1649:2005
(Main)AIDC technologies - Operational aspects affecting the reading of bar code symbols
AIDC technologies - Operational aspects affecting the reading of bar code symbols
This document specifies the operational aspects affecting the reading of bar code symbols which must be considered in the preparation of application standards. It defines the subjects which must be addressed by application standards if they are to provide practical guidance to the user industries for whose use they are developed.
AutoID-Technologien - Einflussgrößen auf die Lesung von Strichcodes
Dieses Dokument legt Einflussgrößen bezüglich des Lesens von Strichcodesymbolen fest, die bei der Ausarbeitung von Anwendungsstandards berücksichtigt werden müssen. Sie legt die Themenbereiche fest, die in Anwendungsstandards enthalten sein müssen, wenn diese der anwendenden Industrie, für die sie entwickelt werden, von praktischem Nutzen sein sollen.
Techniques d'identification automatique et de saisie des données - Aspects de mise en oeuvre affectant la lecture des symboles en codes a barres
Le présent document spécifie les aspects de mise en ?uvre affectant la lecture des symboles en code a barres, qui doivent etre pris en considération dans la préparation des normes d'application. Il définit les sujets qui doivent etre traités par les normes d'application si elles sont destinées a fournir des indications pratiques aux industries utilisatrices pour lesquelles elles sont élaborées.
Tehnologije AIDC – Obratovalni vidiki, ki vplivajo na branje simbolov črtnih kod
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.AutoID-Technologien - Einflussgrößen auf die Lesung von StrichcodesTechniques d'identification automatique et de saisie des données - Aspects de mise en oeuvre affectant la lecture des symboles en codes a barresAIDC technologies - Operational aspects affecting the reading of bar code symbols35.040Nabori znakov in kodiranje informacijCharacter sets and information codingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1649:2004SIST EN 1649:2005en01-januar-2005SIST EN 1649:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 1649:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1649:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1649August 2004ICS 35.040Supersedes ENV 1649:1995English versionAIDC technologies - Operational aspects affecting the reading ofbar code symbolsTechniques d'identification automatique et de saisie desdonnées - Aspects de mise en oeuvre affectant la lecturedes symboles en codes à barresAutoID-Technologien - Einflussgrößen auf die Lesung vonStrichcodesThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 July 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1649:2004: ESIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 2 Contents Foreword.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Requirements.6 4.1 Closed or open system.6 4.2 Pre-existing standards.6 4.3 Data to be encoded.7 4.4 Symbology selection.8 4.5 Optical Parameters.11 4.6 Symbol quality.13 4.7 Symbol Application.13 4.8 Labels.13 4.9 Positioning of the Symbols.14 4.10 Environmental Conditions.14 4.11 Health and Safety Considerations.15 4.12 Global Environmental Considerations.15 Annex A (informative)
Symbology character sets.16 Annex B (informative)
Symbology features.18 Bibliography.20
SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1649:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 225, "Bar coding", the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. This document supersedes ENV 1649:1995
SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 4 Introduction Implementation of the technology of bar coding requires the originators of the bar code marking, and those wishing to make use of the bar codes to capture data relating to the marked entity automatically, to work to a common application standard. The application standard may make reference to publicly available specifications for the underlying technical aspects of the bar code symbol and of the equipment for its production and reading. By means of such publicly available standards, the producers of symbols and those wishing to read the symbols can be aware of the requirements which must be met by any symbol production and symbol reading equipment which they specify for their respective systems. This document also provides the manufacturers of both bar code marking and bar code reading equipment with the requirements to which that equipment must comply, for that application.
This document provides the means by which bodies which are making application standards for industries can ensure that all relevant technical requirements are addressed during the standards making process. SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the operational aspects affecting the reading of bar code symbols which must be considered in the preparation of application standards.
It defines the subjects which must be addressed by application standards if they are to provide practical guidance to the user industries for whose use they are developed. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1556:1998,
Bar Coding — Terminology. EN 1573,
Bar Coding — Multi-industry transport label. EN 12323,
Bar coding
Symbology specification
“Code 16k”. EN ISO/IEC 15416, Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code print quality test specification - Linear symbols (ISO/IEC 15416:2000). EN ISO/IEC15438 Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code symbology specifications - PDF417 (ISO/IEC 15438:2001). ISO/IEC 646:1991,
Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. ISO/IEC 8859–1:1998
Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1. ISO/IEC 15415
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques – Bar code print quality test specification – Two dimensional symbols. ISO/IEC 15418 Information technology -- EAN/UCC Application Identifiers and Fact Data Identifiers and Maintenance. ISO/IEC 15420
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code symbology specification — EAN/UPC. ISO/IEC 15424
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data Carrier Identifiers (including Symbology Identifiers). ISO/IEC 16022, Information technology -- International symbology specification -- Data matrix. ISO/IEC 16023, Information technology -- International symbology specification – MaxiCode.
ISO/IEC 16390
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code symbology specifications — Interleaved 2 of 5. ISO/IEC 18004
Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Barcode symbology — QR Code. General EAN’UCC Specifications (EAN International, Brussels, 2004).
SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1556:1998 and the following apply. 3.1 closed system application which is intended for use by a closed group of users, typically within a single organisation or subject to a specific agreement.
NOTE Existing closed systems are used subject to bilateral agreement between the participants. 3.2 open system application in which independent parties may freely participate and in which bilateral agreements are not necessary 3.3 application standard specification defining the method by which and conditions under which automatic identification and data capture technology may be applied to a particular purpose, prescribing, for example, data formats, optical requirements and symbology related parameters as subsets of the total range defined by relevant technical standards 4 Requirements 4.1 Closed or open system The developer of a standard shall determine if the system to which the application standard applies is a closed or an open system. 4.2 Pre-existing standards Before commencing the making of a new application standard, careful consideration should be given to the potential of adopting an existing standard.
Many currently used application standards are readily adaptable to specific industry uses whilst remaining totally compatible with their existing uses.
Broadening the scope of existing international, multi industry standards, provides for the ready trading of bar code marked items internationally and between industry sectors and is, therefore, the preferred option.
It should be noted that the proliferation of standards is a waste of resources and is contrary to the principles of standardisation.
SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 7
4.3 Data to be encoded 4.3.1 Type of Data to be Encoded The choice of symbology will be influenced by the type of data to be encoded; which can be: —
numeric —
alphanumeric —
ASCII other character sets which, particularly in high capacity two dimensional symbologies, may be accessed by the use of the AIM : ECI — Part 1.
Annex A includes details of those symbologies which support this standard. The character set required to encode the data content shall be a subset of the encodable character set of the symbology. There are symbologies covered by European and International Standards, the encodable character set of which meet all these requirements. For a given application, the character set used may be a limited part of the total character set available. NOTE The character sets encodable by symbologies covered by European or International Standards are described in annex A. 4.3.2 Data string length 4.3.2.1 Linear symbols The data string length to be encoded will influence the length of linear bar code symbols.
The specification of long data strings, and the resultant long symbols, may be the cause of symbols being difficult to scan with a high degree of reliability and ease. It will also limit the choice of bar code printing and reading systems which may be used for a particular application. In particular some types of bar code readers may have limitations in the data string length which may be decoded and transmitted to the host system. 4.3.2.2 Two dimensional symbols For some applications the data string length to be encoded may exceed that which can be encoded in a linear symbol. In such cases high capacity two dimensional multi-row bar code or matrix symbols can be used. In their largest sizes these may permit up to two thousand characters of data to be encode in a symbol. Some two dimensional symbologies permit the decoded data from more than one symbol to be concatenated into a single data string, thus enabling very large amounts of data to be encoded in a set of symbols. 4.3.3 Data check characters For applications where key entry is used, or where data security is critical, data check characters as distinct from symbol check characters should be used. The system of data check characters used will depend upon the application, a suitable algorithm may be selected from those described in ISO/IEC 7064. SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 8 4.4 Symbology selection 4.4.1 General When selecting a symbology or symbologies for any particular application every aspect of the application should be considered. The symbology which is specified for use in an application standard, should be one of those symbologies covered by European or International Standards. NOTE Annex B compares the features of two dimensional symbologies standardised by CEN and ISO/IEC.
4.4.1.1 Linear symbols The following exceptional factors shall be taken into consideration during the selection of a symbology for an application. a) “EAN/UPC” Symbology (ISO/IEC 15420) This symbology shall be used only in accordance with the EAN’UCC General Specifications. b) “Interleaved 2 of 5” Symbology (ISO/IEC 16390)
In Interleaved 2 of 5 symbols, the bar patterns of the start and stop patterns may be found as the respective end and beginning of certain encoded symbol characters within the symbol.
There is therefore no guarantee that a partial scan of the symbol will not produce a valid read for an embedded symbol having fewer characters.
Two additional measures should be applied to minimise the risk of such partial reads, fixing the symbol length and applying bearer bars: 1) Fixed length symbols In any application standard the number of characters encoded in an Interleaved 2 of 5 symbol should be fixed, and reading or data processing equipment for that application should be programmed to accept only messages of that defined length. 2) Bearer bars The purpose of bearer bars is to reduce the probability of a valid but erroneous short read of the symbol where a scanning beam enters and/or leaves the symbol at the top or bottom. Bearer bars should be added unless technical constraints prevent it or unless the reading or data processing equipment is programmed for fixed length symbols. In open system applications where a wide range of reading environments will be encountered, bearer bars should be applied as a default measure to prevent short reads. Bearer bars when used should be placed perpendicular to the bars in the symbol, abutting the top and the bottom of the symbol bars over the full length of the symbol.
They may extend over the quiet zones and may also be extended to form a frame around the symbol inclusive of the minimum quiet zones. The use of a data check digit can also reduce (by a factor of ten) the risk of data from a short read being accepted by the host system. SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 9
4.4.1.2 Two dimensional symbols The following two dimensional symbologies are European and International Standards: a) “Code 16k” Symbology (EN 12323) b) “PDF 417” Symbology (EN ISO/IEC 15438) c) “Datamatrix” Symbology (ISO/IEC 16022) d) “QR Code” Symbology (ISO/IEC 18004) e) “Maxicode” Symbology (ISO/IEC 16023) Where large sized high capacity two dimensional symbols are used in an application, the impact on the data processing system of sorting the large amount of data which is decoded from a single symbol should be taken into consideration in the development of the application NOTE Annex B compares the features of two dimensional symbologies standardised by CEN and ISO/IEC. 4.4.2 Number of symbologies to be used The number of symbologies to be specified for use by an application standard shall be carefully considered.
The use of autodiscrimination in an application where a number of different symbologies are in use can increase the risk of reading errors with resultant corruption of the database.
The number of symbologies employed in an application and enabled in the reading equipment should therefore be limited to the minimum required to operate that application efficiently.
If the use of more than one symbology is unavoidable, then the following recommendations should be applied: a) segregate the use of the different symbologies to different parts of the application, and set decoders to decode only the symbology specified for that part of the application. b) use symbology identifiers in accordance with
ISO/IEC 15424 to ensure that the system can be programmed to recognise the symbology from
which the data originated. c) apply other checks to the data decoded such as format, string length, data check character and symbol check character validations, to ensure that the integrity of the data decoded is maximised. NOTE Large capacity 2D symbols have a number of security features which are incorporated into every symbol, the points mentioned in c) are principally intended for use in applications where linear symbols are used. 4.4.3 Symbol security 4.4.3.1 Linear symbols In order to ensure the integrity of data decoded from symbols, provision should be made for the use of a symbol check character in symbologies where these are an optional feature of the symbology, or, in the absence of a symbol check character, for the use of a data check character (using for example one of the types described in ISO/IEC 7064). Systems considerations set out in the relevant symbology standards shall be applied where appropriate, to maximise the security of the reading and decoding of symbols. SIST EN 1649:2005
EN 1649:2004 (E) 10 4.4.3.2 Two dimensional symbols All two dimensional symbols have symbol check characters which ensure a very high level of data security. Most two dimensional symbologies also have error correction capabilities which can correct errors or erasures in the symbols, which are introduced by printing defects or caused by damage to the symbol after printing. The level of error correction applied to some two dimensional symbols can be adjusted: in applications where a high level of security is necessary, a high level of error correction should be specified. Application of error correction to a two dimensional symbol has the effect of increasing the non-data overhead of the symbol. 4.4.4 Aspect ratio of symbols 4.4.4.1 Linear symbols The application specification may specify the overall space requirements for symbols on items, packaging or labels. Where it does so, the standard should ensure that the height to width ratio of the symbol will not be reduced to less than the minimum specified by the standard for that symbology. 4.4.4.2 Two dimensional symbols For multi-row bar code symbols the minimum aspect ratios or Y dimensions for the rows of the symbol shall conform with the requirements of the European or International Symbology Standard for that symbology.
The aspect ratio of multi-row bar code symbols is influenced by a number of factors, these include: a) the manner in which the number of rows and columns to be used in the construction of the symbol is specified. b) whether or not the number of columns in a PDF 417 symbol is specified prior to the encoding operation being commenced. c) for Datamatrix symbols the aspect ratio is dependent on whether the application permits rectangular symbols to be used. 4.4.5 Symbol X dimensions The range of X dimensions permitted in an application shall be specified by the application standard. Consideration should be given to ensuring that the range of X dimensions specified is compatible with: a) the print resolution of appropriate bar code printing equipment. I.e. the widths of the elements shall be consistent integer multiples of the printer pixel width.
b) the optical resolution of appropriate scanning equipment. In determining the X dimensions of symbols to be used in an application it should be noted that the symbology specification for some s
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