SIST EN 14199:2015

Execution of special geotechnical work - Micropiles

1.1   This document establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles.
They are for:
-  drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter  less than 300 mm;
NOTE 1   This document is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699.
NOTE 2   Definition of shaft diameter see 3.3.
1.2   Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and may contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and or to limit deformations. Examples of micropiles see Figure 1 to Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance may be improved (mostly by grouting) and they may be constructed with (see Figure 4):
-  uniform cross section (straight shaft); or
-  telescopically changing shaft dimensions;
-  shaft enlargements; and/or
-  base enlargement.
1.3   Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements.
1.4   The provisions of the document apply to (see Figure 6):
-  single micropiles;
-  micropile groups;
-  reticulated micropiles;
-  micropile walls.
1.5   The material of micropiles covered by this document can be:
-  steel or other reinforcement materials;
-  grout, mortar or concrete;
-  a combination of above.
1.6   Micropiles may be used for:
-  working under restricted access and/or headroom conditions;
-  foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations);
-  reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works;
-  reducing settlements and/or displacements;
-  forming a retaining wall;
-  reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure;
-  improving slope stability;
-  securing against uplift;
-  other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate.
1.7   Mixed-in-place columns are not included in this document. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537.

Ausführung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Pfähle mit kleinen Durchmessern (Mikropfähle)

1.1   Dieses Dokument gilt für die Herstellung
   von gebohrten Mikropfählen, für deren Herstellung ein Bohrkopf mit einem Durchmessern kleiner als 300 mm verwendet wurde.
ANMERKUNG 1   Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Verdrängungspfähle, deren Herstellung in EN 12699 festgelegt ist.
ANMERKUNG 2   Definition Pfahldurchmesser, siehe 3.3.
1.2   Mit Hilfe von Mikropfählen werden Kräfte in den Baugrund eingeleitet. Sie können Tragglieder beinhalten, um direkte oder indirekte Lasten abzuführen und/oder um Verformungen zu begrenzen. Beispiele für Mikropfähle, siehe Bild 1 bis Bild 3. Mantel- und Fußwiderstand von Mikropfählen dürfen durch Verpressung erhöht werden. Bei der Herstellung kann auf verschiedene Konstruktionsformen zurückgegriffen werden (siehe Bild 4):
   einheitlicher Querschnitt auf gesamter Länge; oder
   teleskopartige Querschnittsänderung;
   Schaftaufweitungen und/oder
   Fußaufweitung.
1.3   Es bestehen keine Beschränkungen hinsichtlich Länge, Neigung (Definition Neigung, siehe Bild 5), Schlankheitsgrad oder Schaft- bzw. Fußaufweitungen außer den herstellungsbedingten Vorgaben.
1.4   Die Bestimmungen in diesem Dokument gelten für (siehe Bild 6):
   einzelne Mikropfähle;
   Gruppen von Mikropfählen;
   Netzwerke von Mikropfähle;
   Wände aus Mikropfählen.
1.5   Die in diesem Dokument erfassten Mikropfähle können aus folgenden Materialien bestehen:
   Stahl oder anderen Bewehrungsmaterialien;
   Verpressmörtel, Zementmörtel/Feinkornbeton oder Beton;
   einer Kombination der oben genannten Materialien.
1.6   Mikropfähle dürfen eingesetzt werden:
   für Arbeiten unter schwer zugänglichen und/oder beengten räumlichen Bedingungen;
   für Gründungen neuer Tragwerke (besonders in sehr heterogenen Boden  oder Felsformationen);
   als Bewehrung oder Verstärkung bestehender Tragwerke zur Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit, um Lasten unter der Maßgabe verträglicher Setzungen in den Baugrund abzuleiten, z. B. für Unterfangungen;
   um Setzungen und/oder Verschiebungen zu verringern;
   um eine Stützwand herzustellen;
   als Baugrundbewehrung, um Trag- und/oder Stützkörper herzustellen;
   um die Standsicherheit von Geländesprüngen bzw. Böschungen zu verbessern;
   zur Sicherung gegen Aufschwimmen;
   für andere Anwendungen, für die der Einsatz von Mikropfählen angemessen ist.
1.7   Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für tiefreichende Bodenstabilisierungen (Mixed -in place Säulen). Mit Hilfe des Düsenstrahlverfahrens hergestellte Säulen werden durch EN 12716 abgedeckt, Verpressanker durch EN 1537.

Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Micropieux

1.1   Ce document établit les principes généraux pour l'exécution des micropieux.
Il s'applique :
   aux pieux forés exécutés à l'aide d'un outil de forage d'un diamètre inférieur à 300 mm ;
NOTE 1   Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux pieux foncés dont l'exécution est traitée dans l'EN 12699.
NOTE 2   Voir 3.3 pour la définition du diamètre de fût.
1.2   Les micropieux sont des structures destinées à transférer des actions au terrain. Ils peuvent contenir des éléments porteurs pour transférer directement ou non les charges et/ou pour limiter leurs déformations. Voir les Figures 1 à 3 pour des exemples de micropieux. Leur résistance par frottement sur le fût et leur résistance de pointe peuvent être améliorées (en général par injection) et ils peuvent être réalisés avec (voir Figure 4) :
   un fût de section transversale uniforme (fût rectiligne) ; ou
   un fût avec des sections transversales variables ;
   des élargissements du fût ; et/ou
   un élargissement de la base.
1.3   En dehors de considérations d'ordre pratique, il n'y a pas de limitation concernant les élargissements du fût ou de la base, la longueur, l'inclinaison ou l'élancement des micropieux (voir Figure 5 pour la définition de l'inclinaison).
1.4   Les dispositions de ce document s'appliquent (voir Figure 6) :
   aux micropieux isolés ;
   aux groupes de micropieux ;
   aux réseaux de micropieux ;
   aux parois de micropieux.
1.5   Les matériaux constitutifs des micropieux couverts par le présent document peuvent être :
   l'acier ou d'autres matériaux d'armature ;
   du coulis, du mortier ou du béton ;
   une combinaison des matériaux ci-dessus.
1.6   Les micropieux peuvent être utilisés :
   pour la réalisation de travaux dans des conditions d'accès et/ou de hauteur réduite ;
   comme fondation de structures nouvelles (en particulier dans des conditions de sols très hétérogènes ou dans des formations rocheuses) ;
   pour renforcer ou consolider des structures existantes en augmentant leur capacité à transférer des charges en profondeur avec des tassements acceptables, comme par exemple dans le cas des reprises en sous-œuvre ;
   pour limiter les tassements et/ou les déplacements ;
   pour construire une paroi de soutènement ;
   pour renforcer des terrains en réalisant une structure porteuse et/ou un ouvrage de soutènement ;
   pour améliorer la stabilité d'une pente ;
   pour s'opposer à des soulèvements ;
   pour d'autres applications pour lesquelles la technique des micropieux est appropriée.
1.7   Les colonnes de sols traités malaxées en place ne sont pas couvertes par ce document. Les colonnes de sol-ciment réalisées par jet relèvent de l'EN 12716. Les tirants d'ancrage relèvent de l'EN 1537.

Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del - Mikropiloti

1.1 Ta dokument določa splošna načela za izvedbo mikropilotov.
Veljajo za:
– uvrtane pilote, konstruirane z uporabo vrtalnega orodja s premerom manjšim od 300 mm;
OPOMBA 1 Ta dokument ne velja za zabite pilote, katerih izvedbo ureja standard EN 12699.
OPOMBA 2 Za definicijo premera gredi glej 3.3.
1.2 Mikropiloti so strukturni člani za prenos dejanj na tla in lahko vsebujejo ležajne elemente za neposreden ali posreden prenos bremen in omejevanje deformacij. Za primere mikropilotov glej slike 1–3. Odpornost gredi in podnožja je mogoče izboljšati (večinoma z nanašanjem malte); možna so naslednje konstrukcije (glej sliko 4):
– enakomeren prečni prerez (ravna gred); ali
– teleskopsko nastavljive mere gredi;
˜– povečanje gredi; in/ali
– povečanje podnožja.
1.3 Z izjemo praktičnih razlogov ni omejitev glede dolžine, naklona (definicija naklona, glej sliko 5), koeficienta vitkosti ali povečanja gredi ali podnožja.
1.4 Določila dokumenta veljajo za (glej sliko 6):
˜– posamezne mikropilote;
– skupine mikropilotov;
˜– mrežaste mikropilote;
– mikropilotne stene.
1.5 Material za mikropilote, zajet s tem dokumentom, je lahko:
– jeklo ali drug material za ojačitev;
– injekcijska masa, malta ali beton;
– kombinacija zgoraj navedenega.
1.6 Mikropiloti se lahko uporabljajo za:
– delo z omejenim dostopom in/ali omejenim prostorom nad glavo;
– temelje za nove strukture (zlasti pri zelo heterogenih tleh ali kamnitih formacijah);
– utrjevanje ali okrepitev obstoječih struktur za povečanje zmogljivosti za prenos bremen v globino s sprejemljivimi značilnostmi izravnave pogrezanja, npr. krepitev temeljev;
– zmanjševanje pogrezanja in/ali premikanja;
– oblikovanje opornih zidov;
– okrepitev tal za oblikovanje podporne in/ali oporne strukture;
– izboljšanje stabilnosti pobočja;
– varovanje proti dvigu;
– druge aplikacije, za katere so primerne tehnike mikropilotov.
1.7 Stebri »mixed-in-place« (mešanica zemljine in cementa) niso vključeni v ta dokument. Stebri, izdelani z brizganjem malte, so zajeti v standardu EN 12716. Zemeljska sidra so zajeta v standardu EN 1537.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Sep-2013
• Publication Date: 17-Aug-2015
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON.007 - Geotechnics
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Jul-2015
• Due Date: 14-Sep-2015
• Completion Date: 18-Aug-2015
• Ref Project: EN 14199:2015 - Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 14199:2005 - Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Replaces: SIST EN 14199:2005 - Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ausführung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Pfähle mit kleinen Durchmessern (Mikropfähle)Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - MicropieuxExecution of special geotechnical work - Micropiles93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14199:2015SIST EN 14199:2015en,fr,de01-september-2015SIST EN 14199:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14199:20051DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 14199:2015



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14199
May 2015 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 14199:2005English Version
Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles
Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Micropieux Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Mikropfähle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 March 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14199:2015 ESIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Information needed for the execution of the works . 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Special features . 12 4.3 List of activities . 13 5 Geotechnical investigation . 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Specific requirements . 14 6 Materials and products . 15 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Reinforcement and load bearing elements . 15 6.2.1 Steel for reinforcement . 15 6.2.2 Steel for load bearing elements . 15 6.2.3 Other materials or grades of steel . 16 6.3 Materials for grout, mortar and concrete . 16 6.3.1 Cement . 16 6.3.2 Aggregates . 16 6.3.3 Water . 16 6.3.4 Additions and admixtures . 16 6.4 Grout . 16 6.5 Mortar and concrete . 17 6.6 Spacers, centralisers and other components . 17 6.7 Coatings and corrosion protection compounds . 18 7 Considerations related to design . 18 7.1 General . 18 7.2 Geometrical construction tolerances . 19 7.3 Installation . 19 7.4 Reinforcement and load bearing elements . 19 7.5 Connecting elements . 20 7.6 Corrosion protection of steel elements . 20 7.7 Spacers and centralisers . 21 7.8 Micropile enlargement . 21 7.9 Connections to the superstructure . 22 7.10 Spacing of micropiles . 22 7.11 Special requirements for micropiles. 22 8 Execution . 22 8.1 General . 22 8.2 Construction tolerances . 23 8.3 Site preparation . 23 8.4 Sequence of installation . 24 8.5 Drilling . 24 8.5.1 General . 24 8.5.2 Use of flushing . 25 SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 3 8.5.3 Boreholes supported by casings . 25 8.5.4 Drilling with segmental hollow stem augers . 25 8.6 Enlargements . 25 8.7 Reinforcement and load bearing elements . 26 8.7.1 Handling and storing . 26 8.7.2 Joints . 26 8.7.3 Spacers and centralisers . 27 8.7.4 Installation . 27 8.8 Filling and grouting . 27 8.8.1 General . 27 8.8.2 Grout preparation . 28 8.8.3 Borehole testing and pregrouting . 28 8.8.4 Filling the borehole . 28 8.8.5 Filling or grouting through a temporary casing . 28 8.8.6 Filling or grouting through a load bearing element . 29 8.8.7 Grouting during drilling . 29 8.8.8 Multi-stage grouting . 29 8.9 Concreting . 29 8.9.1 Concreting in submerged conditions . 29 8.9.2 Concreting through a segmental hollow stem augers . 29 8.9.3 Concreting in dry conditions . 30 8.10 Trimming of micropiles . 31 9 Supervision, monitoring and testing . 32 9.1 Supervision . 32 9.2 Monitoring of micropile construction . 32 9.3 Micropile testing . 33 9.3.1 General . 33 9.3.2 Static load tests . 33 9.3.3 Dynamic load tests . 34 9.3.4 Low strain integrity tests . 34 10 Records . 35 10.1 General . 35 10.2 Records for the execution of construction micropiles . 35 10.3 Records for micropile tests . 37 11 Special requirements . 38 Annex A (informative)
Execution methods of micropiles . 51 Annex B (informative)
Guidance on minimum cover (in mm) for bearing element of low strength steel for cast in situ micropiles . 52 Annex C (informative)
Borehole testing and pregrouting . 53 Annex D (informative)
Guideline for a record for micropiles . 54 Annex E (informative)
Degree of obligation of the provisions . 55 Bibliography . 62
SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14199:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14199:2005. The technical changes in comparison to EN 14199:2005 are:  Driven piles are excluded from EN 14199 and transferred to EN 12699;
 sections describing concrete and testing have been minimised;  EN 14199:2015 has been harmonized with EN 1536. The general scope of CEN/TC 288 is the standardization of the execution procedures for geotechnical works, including testing and control methods, and the required material properties. WG 16 has been charged with the subject area of micropiles. This document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1. Clause 7 of this Standard covers design aspects of micropiles. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles. They are for drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter less than 300 mm. NOTE 1 This European Standard is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699. NOTE 2 For a definition of shaft diameter see 3.3. 1.2 Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and or to limit deformations. For examples of micropiles see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance can be improved (mostly by grouting) and they can be constructed with (see Figure 4): — uniform cross section (straight shaft); or — telescopically changing shaft dimensions; — shaft enlargements; and/or — base enlargement. 1.3 Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements. 1.4 The provisions of this European Standard apply to (see Figure 6): — single micropiles; — micropile groups; — reticulated micropiles; — micropile walls. 1.5 The material of micropiles covered by this European Standard can be: — steel or other reinforcement materials; — grout, mortar or concrete; — a combination of above. 1.6 Micropiles can be used for: — working under restricted access and/or headroom conditions; — foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations); — reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works; — reducing settlements and/or displacements; — forming a retaining wall; SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 6 — reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure; — improving slope stability; — securing against uplift; — other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate. 1.7 Deep mixing columns according to EN 14679 are not included in this European Standard. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206:2013, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 445, Grout for prestressing tendons - Test methods EN 447:2007, Grout for prestressing tendons - Basic requirements EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures EN 1536:2010, Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994-1-1, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing EN 10025 (all parts), Hot-rolled products of non-alloy structural steels EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General prEN 10138-4:2001, Prestressing steels — Part 4: Bars EN 10210 (all parts), Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 7 EN 16228 (all parts), Drilling and foundation equipment — Safety EN ISO 2560, Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 2560) EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063) EN ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817) EN ISO 9692-1, Welding and allied processes - Types of joint preparation - Part 1: Manual metal arc welding, gas-shielded metal arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels (ISO 9692-1) EN ISO 9692-2, Welding and allied processes - Joint preparation - Part 2: Submerged arc welding of steels (ISO 9692-2) EN ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells (ISO 11960) EN ISO 14341, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 14341) EN ISO 15630-3, Steel for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete - Test methods - Part 3: Prestressing steel (ISO 15630-3) EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1) EN ISO 17632, Welding consumables - Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 17632) EN ISO 17660-1, Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints (ISO 17660-1) EN ISO 18276, Welding consumables - Tubular cored electrodes for gas-shielded and non-gas-shielded metal arc welding of high-strength steels - Classification (ISO 18276) prEN ISO 22477-1:2014, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of geotechnical structures — Part 1: Pile load test by static axially loaded compression (ISO/DIS 22477-1:2014) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 micropile fr: micropieu de: Mikropfahl drilled piles which have a diameter smaller than 300 mm 3.2 enlarged base fr: base élargie de: Fußaufweitung base of the micropile formed to have a cross section greater than that of its shaft SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 8 3.3 shaft diameter fr: diamètre du fût de: Pfahldurchmesser diameter of the part of the micropile between the head and the base: a) for micropiles constructed with casing: equal to the external diameter of the casing; b) for micropiles constructed without casing: equal to the maximum diameter of the drilling tool 3.4 preliminary micropile fr: micropieu préliminaire de: Vorversuchs-Mikropfahl micropile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the chosen type of micropile and/or for confirming the design, dimensions and bearing capacity 3.5 trial micropile fr: micropieu de faisabilité de: Eignungsversuchs-Mikropfahl micropile installed to assess the practicability and suitability of the construction method for a particular application 3.6 test micropile fr: micropieu d’essai de: Abnahmeversuchs-Mikropfahl micropile to which a load is applied to determine the resistance and/or deformation characteristics of the micropile and/or the surrounding ground 3.7 working micropile fr: micropieu de fondation de: Bauwerksmikropfahl micropile which is part of a structure 3.8 integrity test fr: essai d’ intégrité de: Integritätsprüfung test carried out on an installed micropile for the verification of soundness of micropile components 3.9 static load test fr: essai de chargement statique de: statische Probebelastung loading test where a micropile is subjected to chosen axial and/or lateral forces for the analysis of its capacity and/or deformation characteristics 3.10 maintained load test (ML test) fr:essai de chargement par palier de: lastgesteuerte Probebelastung static loading test in which a micropile has loads applied in incremental stages, each of which is held constant for a certain period or until micropile motion has virtually ceased or has reached a prescribed limit SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 9 3.11 constant rate of penetration test (CRP test) fr:essai de chargement à vitesse d’enfoncement constante de: weggesteuerte Probebelastung static load test in which a micropile is forced into the ground at a constant rate and the force is measured 3.12 dynamic load test fr: essai de chargement dynamique de: dynamische Probebelastung loading test where a dynamic force is applied on the micropile for analysis of micropile bearing capacity and deformation characteristics 3.13 grout fr: coulis de: Verpressmörtel homogenous mixture of cement and water to which admixtures, additions, filler or sand can be added 3.14 mortar fr: mortier de: Zementmörtel/Feinkornbeton concrete with an aggregate size of 4 mm or less 3.15 drilling / boring fr: forage de: Bohren method of removing the soil or rock in an intermittent or continuous process 3.16 casing fr: tubage de: Verrohrung tube used to support the micropile hole during the construction of a micropile Note 1 to entry: The casing can be permanent or temporary. Permanent casing can act as a load bearing element and/or as a corrosion protection. 3.17 liner fr: gaine, chemise de: Hülse, Mantelrohr tube, generally of thin steel sheet or plastic, forming at least part of the shaft of a micropile EXAMPLE: used for the protection of micropile shafts in soft or aggressive grounds or to reduce negative skin friction 3.18 micropile joint fr: assemblage, connexion de micropieu de: Verbindung means of joining lengths of bearing elements either by welding or by mechanical joints SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 10 3.19 coupler fr: manchon de: Koppelelement / Muffe external device for joining lengths of bar or tube which comprise reinforcement or bearing element 3.20 nipple fr: mamelon de: Nippel internal device for joining lengths of tubes which comprise reinforcement or bearing element 3.21 centraliser fr: centreur de: Zentrierer device to locate reinforcement centrally in a borehole or casing 3.22 spacer fr: écarteur de: Abstandhalter device to ensure the required grout, mortar or concrete cover or the internal spacing between reinforcing elements 3.23 load bearing element fr: élément porteur de: Tragglied element of steel or other material that is capable of transmitting loads from the structure to the ground 3.24 drilling fluid/mud fr: fluide de forage, boue de forage de: Spülflüssigkeit, Bohrspülung water or a suspension of bentonite, polymers or clay, in water with or without cement and other additions, for stabilization of borehole walls and/or for flushing 3.25 tube-à-manchettes fr: tube à manchettes de: Manschettenrohr regularly slotted or perforated sleeved tube through which grout injections are possible using a packer device 3.26 piling platform level fr: niveau de travail de: Arbeitsebene level of the platform on which the piling rig works 3.27 grouting fr: injection sous pression de: Verpressen pumping of grout or mortar into the borehole with a pressure which is higher than the hydrostatic pressure SIST EN 14199:2015



EN 14199:2015 (E) 11 3.28 single-step grouting fr: injection en une seule passe de: Verpressen in einem Schritt placement of grout or mortar in a single location, see Figures 11 and 12 3.29 multi-step grouting fr: injection en plusieurs passes de: Verpressen in mehreren Schritten placement of grout or mortar in two or more locations, see Figure 13 3.30 multi-stage grouting fr: injection sous pression répétée de: Mehrfachverpressen grouting at more than one occasion at different times such as initial grouting, second-stage grouting or post grouting 3.31 post grouting fr: post-injection de: Nachverpressen high pressure grouting through one or more tube-à-manchettes, special valves or post-grouting tubes after the grout, mortar or concrete previously placed in the bore has set 3.32 filling fr: remplissage de: Verfüllen placing under no applied fluid pressure other than the height of grout, mortar or concrete 3.33 execution specification fr: specifications d’exécution de: Ausf
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