oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 12: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of copper and copper alloys

This Part 12 of EN 13445 series specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of copper and copper alloys (see 5.2) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels in EN 13445-1:2014 to EN 13445-5:2014.
NOTE 1 Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of EN 13445 series.
NOTE 2 Soldered connections are presently not considered.

Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 12: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für Druckbehälter aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen

Dieser Teil 12 der Normenreihe EN 13445 legt zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Anforderungen an unbefeuerte Druckbehälter nach EN 13445-1:2014 bis EN 13445-5:2014 Anforderungen an aus Kupfer und Kupfer-legierungen (siehe 5.2) hergestellte unbefeuerte Druckbehälter und deren Bauteile fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Gusswerkstoffe sind in der vorliegenden Fassung nicht enthalten. Angaben zu Gusswerkstoffen werden in einer Änderung der Normenreihe EN 13445 erfasst.
ANMERKUNG 2 Lötverbindungen sind derzeit nicht berücksichtigt.

Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 12 : Exigences complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en cuivre et alliages de cuivre

Outre les exigences générales relatives aux récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme spécifiées dans l'EN 13445-1:2014 à l'EN 13445-5:2014, la présente Partie 12 de la série EN 13445 spécifie les exigences relatives aux récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme et à leurs parties en cuivre et en alliages de cuivre (voir 5.2).
NOTE 1 La présente version ne traite pas des matériaux moulés. Les détails relatifs aux matériaux moulés feront l'objet d'un amendement ou d'une révision de la série EN 13445.
NOTE 2 Les raccordements à brasage tendre ne sont pas considérés dans le présent document.

Nekurjene tlačne posode - 12. del: Dodatne zahteve za tlačne posode iz bakra in bakrovih zlitin

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 03-Jun-2019
• ICS: 23.020.32 - Pressure vessels
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 22-Mar-2019
• Due Date: 09-Aug-2019
• Completion Date: 20-Jun-2019
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/601 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 1.3.2024 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards pressure equipment and assemblies in support of Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: prEN 13445-12 - Unfired pressure vessels - Part 12: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of copper and copper alloys

Overview

The oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019:2019 standard, developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), addresses unfired pressure vessels specifically made from copper and copper alloys. This part of the EN 13445 series supplements the general requirements established in EN 13445-1 through EN 13445-5 by detailing additional provisions that apply specifically to pressure vessels constructed using these materials.

This standard targets manufacturers, designers, and inspectors involved in the production and verification of unfired pressure vessels made of copper alloys. It ensures safety, reliability, and compliance with the essential requirements specified in the EU Directive 2014/68/EU on pressure equipment.

Key Topics

• Scope: Covers unfired pressure vessels and parts made of copper and copper alloys, excluding cast materials and soldered connections.
• Materials: Defines technical delivery conditions, ensuring material quality with emphasis on chemical composition, mechanical properties, and resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
• Material Grouping: Uses classification according to CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013, with copper alloys grouped within alloy groups 31 to 38.
• Design Requirements: Enhances general design principles by specifying additional conditions for fixed tubesheets, brazed joints, fatigue design, and permissible stresses.
• Manufacturing Processes: Includes rules on permanent joints, welding and brazing qualification, forming techniques, preheating, production testing, and repairs.
• Inspection & Testing: Defines non-destructive testing (NDT) methods applicable to copper alloy joints, criteria for acceptance, and extent of testing based on joint complexity.
• Material Properties Annexes: Provides detailed mechanical and physical properties at varying temperatures essential for engineering calculations.
• Compliance and Documentation: Ensures traceability through material documentation and adherence to relevant inspection documentation standards.

Applications

The oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019 standard applies broadly across industries where pressure vessels made from copper and copper alloys are used, including:

• Chemical and petrochemical industries working with copper-alloy vessels due to their corrosion resistance.
• HVAC and refrigeration sectors employing copper for heat exchangers and storage tanks.
• Energy generation where unfired pressure vessels handle non-flammable gases or liquids under pressure.
• Specialized equipment fabrication where copper’s thermal and conductive properties are leveraged.
• Situations requiring enhanced safety and inspection regimes compliant with EU maritime and industrial safety directives.

By adhering to this standard, manufacturers ensure that pressure vessels perform reliably under the designated operation conditions, avoiding risks such as hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, and material failures under elevated temperatures.

Related Standards

oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019 references and supplements numerous other standards critical to pressure vessel safety and manufacturing:

• EN 13445 series (Parts 1–5): Core requirements covering general, materials, design, fabrication, and testing for unfired pressure vessels.
• EN 1653: Covers copper and copper alloy plates and sheets for boilers and pressure vessels.
• EN ISO 9606-3 and EN ISO 13585: Qualification standards for welders and brazers working with copper materials.
• EN ISO 17635 to EN ISO 17637: Non-destructive testing standards essential for quality control.
• EN 764-5: Inspection documentation specifics for metallic materials.
• FprEN 14276-1: General requirements for refrigerating vessels complementing copper alloy vessel standards.
• ISO/TR 15608: Material grouping guidelines utilized for consistent classification and application practices within this standard.

Manufacturers and engineers implementing oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019 are encouraged to coordinate with these interconnected standards to achieve a comprehensive compliance framework and ensure the highest safety and quality levels for copper-alloy pressure vessels.

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Keywords: oSIST prEN 13445-12:2019, unfired pressure vessels, copper alloys, pressure vessel design, manufacturing standards, copper pressure vessels, material requirements, welding qualifications, brazing standards, non-destructive testing, EN 13445 series, EU Directive 2014/68/EU compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
1HRJUHYDQHQHNXUMHQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO'RGDWQH]DKWHYH]DWODþQHSRVRGH
L]EDNUDLQEDNURYLK]OLWLQ
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 12: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of
copper and copper alloys
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 12: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für Druckbehälter aus
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 12 : Exigences
complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en cuivre et alliages de cuivre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13445-12
ICS:
23.020.32 7ODþQHSRVRGH Pressure vessels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2019
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 12: Additional
requirements for pressure vessels of copper and copper
alloys
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 12: Zusätzliche
Partie 12 : Exigences complémentaires pour les Anforderungen für Druckbehälter aus Kupfer und
récipients sous pression en cuivre et alliages de cuivre Kupferlegierungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 54.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13445-12:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 6
4 General requirements . 6
5 Materials . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Technical delivery conditions . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 Materials in accordance with EN standards . 7
5.2.3 Particular Material Appraisals . 7
5.3 Material grouping system . 7
5.4 Material documentation and material marking . 8
5.5 Prevention of brittle fracture . 8
5.6 Lamellar tearing. 8
6 Design . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Design values . 8
6.3 Fixed tubesheets not uniformly perforated . 9
6.4 Brazed lapped and T-joints . 10
6.5 Fatigue design . 10
7 Manufacture . 10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Permanent joints . 10
7.2.1 General . 10
7.2.2 Permanent joint and operator qualification . 10
7.2.3 Permanent joint operations and traceability . 10
7.2.4 Qualification of welding procedures, welders and welding operators . 10
7.2.5 Qualification of brazing procedures and brazers . 10
7.2.6 Mechanical roller expansion . 11
7.3 Preheat . 11
7.4 Production test, reference criteria . 11
7.5 Extent of testing . 11
7.6 Performance of test and acceptance criteria . 11
7.7 Forming of pressure parts . 11
7.8 Sampling of formed products . 12
7.8.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment . 12
7.8.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment . 12
7.9 Tests . 13
7.9.1 Base material . 13
7.9.2 Butt welds . 13
7.10 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) . 13
7.11 Repairs . 13
8 Inspection and testing . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Non-destructive testing of permanent joints. 13
8.2.1 General . 13
8.2.2 Testing groups 1, 2 and 3 . 14
8.2.3 Demonstration of satisfactory experience for testing group 2 . 14
8.2.4 Testing group 4 . 14
8.2.5 Non-destructive testing of brazed joints . 14
8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing . 15
8.4 Applicable non-destructive techniques . 15
8.4.1 NDT methods . 15
8.4.2 Acceptance criteria . 15
Annex A (normative) Material properties for copper and copper alloys . 16
A.1 General information on Annexes B to G . 16
A.2 Grouping system for copper and copper alloys from CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017 . 16
Annex B (normative) Summary of alloys included . 17
Annex C (normative) Mechanical properties at room temperature. 19
Annex D (normative) Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures . 23
Annex E (normative) Long-term elevated temperature strength data . 27
Annex F (normative) Permissible stress f . 38
Annex G (normative) Physical properties of copper alloys . 44
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered . 46
Bibliography . 47

European foreword
This document (prEN 13445-12:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
Pressure Vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU.
For relationship with EU Directive 2014/68/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
1 Scope
This Part 12 of EN 13445 series specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made
of copper and copper alloys (see 5.2) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels
in EN 13445-1:2014 to EN 13445-5:2014.
NOTE 1 Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an
amendment to or a revision of EN 13445 series.
NOTE 2 Soldered connections are presently not considered.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and
compliance with the material specification
EN 1653, Copper and copper alloys — Plate, sheet and circles for boilers, pressure vessels and hot water
storage units
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 13134:2000, Brazing — Procedure approval
EN 13445-1:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General
EN 13445-2:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-5:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
EN 13445-8:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 8: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of
aluminium and aluminium alloys
FprEN 14276-1:2018, Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Part 1: Vessels —
General requirements
EN ISO 3452 series, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing (ISO 3452 series)
EN ISO 9606-3, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 3: Copper and copper alloys
(ISO 9606-3)
EN ISO 10042, Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections
(ISO 10042)
EN ISO 13585:2012, Brazing — Qualification test of brazers and brazing operators (ISO 13585:2012)
EN ISO 14732, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732)
EN ISO 15614-6, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 6: Arc and gas welding of copper and its alloys (ISO 15614-6)
EN ISO 15614-8, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 8: Welding of tubes to tube-plate joints (ISO 15614-8)
EN ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials (ISO 17635)
EN ISO 17636 series, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing (ISO 17636 series)
EN ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637)
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system
(ISO/TR 15608:2013)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13445-1:2014,
EN 13445-2:2014, EN 13445-3:2014, EN 13445-4:2014, EN 13445-5:2014 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
copper alloys
alloys which contain mainly copper and are classified in alloy groups 31 to 38 according to
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013
4 General requirements
The general requirements of EN 13445-1 shall apply.
5 Materials
5.1 General
The general requirements of EN 13445-2:2014 shall apply with the following additions/exclusions in 5.2
to 5.6.
The base materials listed in this European standard, additionally specified with the extra requirements
given in this European standard, are suitable for and may be employed in the manufacture of pressure
vessels conforming to prEN 13445-12.
NOTE Materials listed in this European standard can be used without European Approval of Materials (EAM) or
Particular Material Appraisal (PMA).
5.2 Technical delivery conditions
5.2.1 General
The material specification shall specify the composition limits for all constituents, heat treatment and the
appropriate mechanical properties for acceptance and other purposes.
The product forms in their delivery conditions shall be kept free from internal stresses that may lead to
stress corrosion cracking.
When using copper-zinc alloys, for example, care shall be taken to ensure that they are adequately
resistant to the media in question and that no hazardous chemical reactions take place.
When annealed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen (or, for example, when welding or brazing using a
naked flame), product forms made of Cu-DHP shall not show any signs of hydrogen embrittlement.
The use of these materials with > 70 % by mass of copper is not permitted in the presence of acetylene.
5.2.2 Materials in accordance with EN standards
The materials given in Annex B, Table B.1 can be used within the temperature limits for sheets, plates,
seamless tubes, rods and forgings. The limits for the various product forms are given in Table B.1.
The data in Annexes C to E apply for the material conditions, mechanical properties and long-term
elevated temperature strength properties.
NOTE For CuZn38Sn1As, the 1 % creep strain limit values are estimations on the basis of some orientation
values.
The materials shall be supplied in accordance with the technical delivery conditions laid down in the
respective material standards listed in Annex B, Table B.1. The materials shall be tested as specified in
these material standards. Testing shall comprise at least chemical analysis and tensile testing (tensile
strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture).
5.2.3 Particular Material Appraisals
Products made of other copper alloys and wrought copper alloys may be used after they have undergone
a Particular Material Appraisal (PMA). Information shall be given on application limits, requirements, test
conditions, marking and further processing (forming, heat treatment, welding, soldering). The materials
shall meet the following requirements:
Only material having a minimum elongation after fracture A of not less than 10 % in its final fabricated
state shall be used for the construction of pressure vessels.
Alternatively, the elongation at fracture A for materials subject to heat treatment shall display the values
characterizing the materials, but for sheets, strips, plates and rods shall be at least 14 % regardless of the
direction of the test specimen. If a test is only possible in the longitudinal direction, the elongation at
fracture A shall be at least 16 %.
However, lower elongation values may also be applied provided that appropriate measures are taken to
compensate for these lower values and the specific requirements are verifiable.
NOTE Examples for compensation:
— application of higher safety factors in design or of lower material strength values;
— performance of burst tests to demonstrate ductile material behaviour.
5.3 Material grouping system
Annex A of EN 13445-2:2014 is not applicable to pressure vessels of copper and copper alloys and is
replaced by the Annexes A to G of this prEN 13445-12:2019.
The grouping system for copper and its alloys is shown in Table A.1.
5.4 Material documentation and material marking
Materials for pressure bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this European Standard shall be
accompanied by inspection documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.
The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:2014 and include a declaration of
compliance to the material specification.
All products shall be marked or labelled as specified in the respective material standard. Marking or
labelling shall contain at least:
— the manufacturer’s symbol,
— the material symbol or material number,
— the production batch number
NOTE A production batch is defined as the volume of the semi-finished product of an order made from a
material of identical delivery condition, identical dimensions and, where applicable, of the same melt that has
been made continuously in the same production sequence and with the same production equipment.
5.5 Prevention of brittle fracture
EN 13445-2:2014, Annex B, is not applicable.
The lowest temperatures specified in Table B.1 of this document apply to unwelded parts.
Filler materials for permanent joints shall be selected to be suitable for the design temperature.
5.6 Lamellar tearing
Failure by lamellar tearing is not normally applicable to copper and copper alloys.
6 Design
6.1 General
All the design methods included in EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given
in 6.2 to 6.4.
Mechanical properties of copper and copper alloys are given in the Annexes B to G of this standard.
EN 13445-3:2014, Annex A and B, shall not be applied.
NOTE This could be subject to a future revision of or an amendment to this prEN 13445-12.
6.2 Design values
6.2.1 Tables F.1 to F.3 contain the permitted stress f.
The permitted stresses at room temperature apply up to 50 °C. For other temperatures, linear
interpolation shall be carried out between the values given.
Table 6.2.1-1 — Nominal design stress for copper products except for seamless pipes from copper
groups 31 and 34
Copper designation Normal operating load cases Testing and exceptional load
cases
Copper group 31–32–33–34–35 min (0,2 % proof stress/1,5 and Rp/Ttest/1,05
(except Cu-DHP, R200 and 1 % creep strain limit/1,0)

R220)
Elongation < 25 %
Copper group 31–32–33–34–35 min (max (0,2 % proof Rp/Ttest/1,05
(except Cu-DHP, R200 and stress/1,5 or 1,0 % proof
R220) stress/1,5), 1 % creep strain
limit/1,0)
a
Elongation ≥ 25 %
Cu-DHP, R200 and R220 R /3,5 R /2,22
m/T m/Ttest
a
The 1,0 % proof stress may be used instead of the 0,2 % proof stress if the ratio of the 0,2 % proof stress to
the tensile strength is ≤ 0,5 and the elongation at fracture in the transverse direction is at least 25 %, or at least
27 % in the longitudinal direction.
Table 6.2.1-2 — Nominal design stress for seamless pipes from copper groups 31 and 34
Material Supplied temper Design temper Normal Testing and
operating load exceptional
cases load cases
R /3 R /2,22
Y040, Y080 R220 m/T m/T
Cu-DHP
R /3 R /2,22
R200, R220, R250, R290, R360 R200 m/T m/T
R /1,3 R /1,05
CuNi10Fe1Mn R290, R310, R480 R290 p1,0/T p1,0/T
R /1,3 R /1,05
CuNi30Mn1Fe R370, R480 R370 p1,0/T p1,0/T
R /3 R /2,22
CuFe2P R370, R420 R300 m/T m/T
a R /3 R /2,22
R300 m/T m/T
CuFe2P R300
b R /1,3 R /1,05
R300 p1,0/T p1,0/T
a
Material according to EN 12735-1:2016.
b
Material with enhanced strength properties according to FprEN 14276-1:2018, Table F.3.
6.2.2 For welded, brazed or heat-treated components, the basis for the calculation shall be the
characteristic values of the material condition with the lowest characteristic values.
6.2.3 Table G.1 contains data on the modulus of elasticity. The scatter is ± 5 %.
6.3 Fixed tubesheets not uniformly perforated
This clause concerns flat tubesheets of shell and tube vessel types where the tubesheet is not uniformly
perforated in a circular area or where the unperforated diametral rows exceed four times the tube pitch.
To supplement EN 13445-3:2014, Clause 13 for tubesheets which are not uniformly perforated, the
design rules given in FprEN 14276-1:2018 may be applied.
6.4 Brazed lapped and T-joints
The design of brazed lapped and T-joints shall be in accordance with FprEN 14276-1:2018, Annex B.
6.5 Fatigue design
Fatigue design for over 500 full equivalent pressure cycles is not covered by this Part 12 for copper and
copper alloy pressure vessels. For the determination of 500 full equivalent pressure cycles see
EN 13445-3:2014, 5.4.2
NOTE This will be subject to a future revision of or an amendment to this Part 12.
7 Manufacture
7.1 General
EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 7.2 to 7.11.
NOTE Not all welding processes are suitable for all copper alloys.
Welding consumables may be selected from EN ISO 17777 and EN ISO 24373.
7.2 Permanent joints
7.2.1 General
Permanent joints in the context of this Clause 7.2 are composed of the following:
— welded and brazed joints which contribute to the pressure resistance of the vessel;
— expansion joints which are mainly used for the junction of tubes into the tubesheet.
7.2.2 Permanent joint and operator qualification
The permanent joint procedure and operator shall be qualified as defined below.
7.2.3 Permanent joint operations and traceability
No production of permanent joints shall be commenced until the permanent joint process and operators
have been qualified. The manufacturer shall have a procedure that allows the identification of the
operators who produce the joints.
7.2.4 Qualification of welding procedures, welders and welding operators
For welding procedures the requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 7.3, shall apply with the following
modifications:
a) WPAR shall be in accordance with EN ISO 15614-6 and/or EN ISO 15614-8.
b) Annex B of EN 13445-2:2014 shall not apply.
For welders and welding operators the requirements in EN 13445-4:2014, 7.4, shall apply with the
following modification:
Replace reference to EN ISO 9606-1 with EN ISO 9606-3.
7.2.5 Qualification of brazing procedures and brazers
For hand brazing and manual mechanical brazing, brazing procedures and brazer approvals shall be
conducted in accordance with EN 13134:2000 and EN ISO 13585:2012.
The rules for fully automated furnace brazing shall be in accordance with FprEN 14276-1:2018.
Old approvals valid under the Directive 2014/68/EU or 97/23/EC already before publication of this
standard retain their validity.
Note Brazing procedures qualified according to the rules described in FprEN 14276-1 are acceptable to be
used under EN 13445 series.
7.2.6 Mechanical roller expansion
Mechanical roller expansion procedures and expansion operator approvals shall be conducted in
accordance with FprEN 14276-1:2018, Annex K.
7.3 Preheat
Preheating may be required when welding some alloys above a certain thickness due to the high heat
conductivity of the material. As the heat conductivity varies significantly with the composition, any
preheat shall be specified.
Heating to 75 °C may be applied to remove condensation.
7.4 Production test, reference criteria
The requirements in EN 13445-4:2014, 8.2, are applicable with the following modifications:
a) Under d) in EN 13445-4:2014, 8.2: Replace reference to material groups 1.1, 1.2 and 8.1 with
reference to all copper materials permitted by Clause 5 of this document.
b) Paragraphs a), c) and e) in EN 13445-4:2014, 8.2, are not applicable.
7.5 Extent of testing
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 8.3, shall apply with the following modifications:
Table 8.3-1 shall be replaced by Table 7.5-1 below:
Table 7.5-1 — Testing of production test plates
Material Group a b
Thickness of test plate e Test specimens
mm
All e ≤ 12 1 FB, 1 RB, 1 TT, 1 Ma, 1 Mi
e > 12 c
2 SB , 1 TT, 1Ma, 1Mi
a
Thinner plate thickness.
b
The symbols for Table 7.5–1 are given in EN 13445-4:2014, Table 8.3–2.
c
SB = side bends
7.6 Performance of test and acceptance criteria
The requirements in 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.4.5, 8.4.6, 8.4.7, 8.4.9 and 8.4.10 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply.
7.7 Forming of pressure parts
The following requirements shall apply:
— Cold forming:
— If vessels are required for service where stress corrosion cracking is possible, a stress relieving
or limiting procedure should be considered. In particular, where copper alloy of group 32 and
group 35 have been cold formed in the course of fabrication, a stress relieving heat treatment
should be considered.
— For copper and other copper alloys stress relief is not necessary.
— Hot forming:
— Copper and copper alloys to be heat treated or hot worked shall be heated uniformly in a neutral
or oxidising atmosphere, without direct flame impingement, to a temperature within the range
specified in the following Table 7.7-1.
— Where hot forming is to be used, tests shall be carried out to demonstrate that the proposed heat
treatment gives the required properties on a representative test piece.
— For hot forming temperature see Table 7.7-1.
Table 7.7-1 — Hot-forming temperature
Material a
Temperature
Copper group 31 750 °C to 950 °C
Brass group 32 650 °C to 750 °C
Cu-Ni group 34 850 °C to 950 °C
Cu-Al group 35 800 °C to 975 °C
a
The hot forming temperatures in this table are recommendations only.
7.8 Sampling of formed products
7.8.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 9.5.1, are not applicable to pressure vessels made of copper and
copper alloys.
If heat treatment is not required after cold forming of plates or tubes, mechanical testing is not required.
7.8.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 9.5.2, are not applicable to pressure vessels made of copper and
copper alloys.
Compliance with material specifications shall be verified by means of one of the following:
— test coupons taken from excess length of formed part;
— alternatively, separately formed test coupons heat treated together with the formed parts;
— separately formed test coupons simulated heat treated.
The following number of test coupons shall be taken from each cast of material:
a) one test coupon from a batch of up to 10 parts;
b) two test coupons from a batch of up to 25 parts;
c) three test coupons from a batch of up to 100 parts;
d) one test coupon for every further 100 parts.
7.9 Tests
7.9.1 Base material
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 9.6.1, are not applicable to pressure vessels made of copper and
copper alloys.
One tensile test specimen shall be taken from each test coupon required by 7.9.2. Test specimens shall be
taken transverse to the rolling direction wherever possible.
7.9.2 Butt welds
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, 9.6.2, are not applicable to pressure vessels made of copper and
copper alloys.
Where multiple parts are formed after being welded together, one all weld metal tensile test specimen
shall be taken from the weld metal, for each welding procedure specification (WPS), for each cast of filler
metal used and for each formed product. This is not applicable for welded parts according to harmonized
material standards when they are formed under the responsibility of the pressure vessel manufacturer.
7.10 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, Clause 10, are not applicable to pressure vessels made of copper
and copper alloys.
The following shall apply:
a) Post weld heat treatment is normally not necessary for welded copper or copper alloy pressure
vessels. If vessels are required for service where stress corrosion cracking is possible, a stress
relieving procedure should be considered.
b) If post weld heat treatment is required then the heat treatment shall be performed in accordance
with a written procedure which describes the parameters required.
c) Heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the material manufacturer's
recommendations.
7.11 Repairs
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2014, Clause 11, shall apply, except that thermal gouging shall not be
used.
8 Inspection and testing
8.1 General
The requirements of EN 13445-5:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
8.2 Non-destructive testing of permanent joints
8.2.1 General
All testing groups shall require 100 % visual inspection of permanent joints.
8.2.2 Testing groups 1, 2 and 3
The non-destructive testing of permanent joints shall depend upon the testing group in Table 8.2.2-1.
Table 8.2.2-1 — Testing groups for pressure vessels of copper and copper alloys
Requirements Testing group
1 2 3
e All All All
Permitted materials
Extent of NDT for 100 % b 10 %
100 % - 10 %
c,f,g
governing joints
NDT of other joints Defined for each type of weld in EN 13445-8:2014, Table 8.3–1
Joint coefficient for welded 1 1 0,85
joints
Maximum thickness for d 40 mm 40 mm
Unlimited
which specific materials
are permitted
Joining process d Fully mechanical d
Unlimited Unlimited
a
welding only
a
Fully mechanized and/or automatic welding process (see EN ISO 14732).
b
First figure: initially, second figure: after satisfactory experience. For definition of “satisfactory experience”
see 8.2.3.
c
Testing details are given in EN 13445-8:2014, Table 8.3–1.
d
“Unlimited” means no additional restriction due to testing. The limitations mentioned in this table are
limitations imposed by testing. Other limitations given in the various clauses of the standard (such as design, or
material limitations etc.) shall be taken into account.
e
See Clause 5 of this prEN 13445-12 for permitted materials.
f
The percentage relates to the percentage of joints of each individual vessel.
g
For definition of governing joints see EN 13445-3:2014, 3.13, and examples give in EN 13445-3:2014, 5.6.
8.2.3 Demonstration of satisfactory experience for testing group 2
The requirements of EN 13445-5:2014, 6.6.1.1.4, shall apply, with the following modification:
Satisfactory experience is defined as the successful production of 25 consecutive pressure vessels or
50 consecutive metres of welded joints.
8.2.4 Testing group 4
Provided that all applicable requirements for testing group 4 in EN 13445-3, −4 and −5 are complied
with, testing group 4 is permitted for pressure vessels made of copper and copper alloys for service
temperatures between −10 °C and +90 °C up to and including 12 mm wall thickness. For these pressure
vessels, a joint efficiency of 0,7 shall be applied.
8.2.5 Non-destructive testing of brazed joints
For non-governing brazed joints and brazed joints designed and manufactured in accordance with
Clause 6.4 of this standard, visual and pressure testing is required.
For governing brazed joints, the extent of testing shall be as per Table 8.2.2-1 for testing group 1 and 3.
8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing
The requirements of EN 13445-5:2014, 6.6.2, shall apply, with the following modification:
EN 13445-5:2014, Table 6.6.2-1, shall be replaced by EN 13445-8:2014, Table 8.3-1.
8.4 Applicable non-destructive techniques
8.4.1 NDT methods
NDT shall be carried out using the principles, techniques and acceptance criteria specified in
EN ISO 17635 for aluminium, applying the following test methods:
— visual testing (VT) according to EN ISO 17637;
— radiographic testing (RT) according to EN ISO 17636 series, using copper-based IQ-indicators, and
— penetrant testing (PT) according to EN ISO 3452 series
8.4.2 Acceptance criteria
The quality levels shall be in accordance with EN ISO 10042
— Level C for excess weld metal, excess convexity, excess throat thickness and excessive penetration
— Level B for all other defects
For pressure vessels subject to creep level B applies in all cases.
NOTE The correlation between quality levels of EN ISO 10042 and the acceptance levels of different NDT
techniques is given in EN ISO 17635.
Annex A
(normative)
Material properties for copper and copper alloys
A.1 General information on Annexes B to G
The minimum values for 0,2 % or 1,0 % proof strength are given in Annexes C and D for Cu-DHP R200
and R220 as the minimum tensile strength as a function of the temperature (short-term values). For
calculations relating to pressure vessels made of ductile copper materials, the 1,0 % proof stress may be
used instead of the 0,2 % proof stress if the ratio of the 0,2 % proof stress to the tensile strength is ≤ 0,5
and the elongation at fracture in the transverse direction is at least 25 %, or at least 27 % in the
longitudinal direction.
The creep strain limit values are given in Tables E.1 to E.3 as a function of the temperature and design life.
This is the lower scatter band limit for the creep strain limits and, in the case of Cu-DHP R250, the
average value of the creep rupture strength. The average value of the creep rupture strength usually used
for steels cannot be used for copper or copper alloy because this results in excessive plastic deformation.
Tables F.1 to F.3 contain the permitted stress f. It results from the lowest value of the 0,2 % proof
stress/1,5 or 1,0 % proof stress/1,5 and 1 % creep strain limit/1,0. For Cu-DHP R200 and R220, the
stress f results from the tensile strength/3,5.
NOTE The component could experience plastic deformation of more than 1 % during its service life.
For parts of vessels or piping made from seamless drawn tubes from copper group 31 and 34 with
circumferential brazed joints of lap type only, the nominal design stress is calculated from the tensile
strength R with a safety factor of 3 or from the 1,0 % proof strength R with a safety factor of 1,3
m/t p1,0/t
with reference to the fully annealed material condition in accordance with Table 6.2.1-2.
A.2 Grouping system for copper and copper alloys from CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017
Table A.1 — Grouping system for copper and copper alloys
Group Subgroup Type of copper and copper alloy
31  Copper with up to 6 % Ag and 3 % Fe
32  Copper-zinc alloys
32.1 Copper-zinc alloys, binary
32.2 Copper-zinc alloys, complex
33  Copper-tin alloys
34  Copper-nickel alloys
35  Copper-aluminium alloys
36  Copper-nickel-zinc alloys
37  Copper alloys, low-alloyed (less than 5 % other elements) not covered by groups 31 to 36
38  Other copper alloys (5 % or more other elements) not covered by groups 31 to 36
Annex B
(normative)
Summary of alloys included
Table B.1 shows the alloys considered to be acceptable for pressure purposes and the relevant standards from which they are taken.
The table also shows the material groups according to CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013 to which the different alloys belong and the temperature range for
which the alloys are considered suitable.
Table B.1 — Alloys considered suitable for pressure purposes
CEN ISO/TR 1560 Temperature
Number Name 8 groups limits in °C
CW023A Cu-DLP 31 −273 to 250   A A
CW024A Cu-DHP 31 −273 to 250 A A A A   A   A A A A A A A A
CW107C CuFe2P 31 −273 to 250           A    A
CW125C CuFe0,1Sn0,1P 31 −273 to 250          A A
CW300G CuAl5As 35 −196 to 250             A
CW304G CuAl9Ni3Fe2 35 −196 to 250    A
CW307G CuAl10Ni5Fe4 35 −10 to 250    A A  A A  A
CW352H CuNi10Fe1Mn 34 −273 to 300   A A A  A   A A  A A
CW353H CuNi30Fe2Mn2 34 −273 to 350             A
CW354H CuNi30Mn1Fe 34 −273 to 350   A A A  A   A A  A A
CW453K CuSn8 33    A  A   A   A
CW459K CuSn8P 33 −273 to 350     A      A
EN 1057
EN 1173
EN 1652
EN 1653
EN 12163
EN 12164
EN 12165
EN 12167
EN 12168
EN 12420
EN 12449
EN 12450
EN 12451
EN 12452
EN 12735-1
EN 12735-2
EN 13348
CEN ISO/TR 1560 Temperature
Number Name 8 groups limits in °C
CW509L CuZn40 32.1 −196 to 250   A  A A A A A A A
CW610N CuZn39Pb0,5 32.2 −196 to 250   A A  A A A
CW613N CuZn39Pb2Sn 32.2 −196 to 250       A   A
CW614N CuZn39Pb3 32.2 −196 to 250      A A A A A A
CW617N CuZn40Pb2 32.2 −196 to 250      A A A A A A
CW702R CuZn20Al2As 32.2 −10 to 250   A A       A  A
CW706R CuZn28Sn1As 32.2 −273 to 250             A A
CW707R CuZn30As 32.2 −273 to 250             A
CuZn38AlFeNiPbS
CW715R n 32.2 −196 to 250    A
CW717R CuZn38Sn1As 32.2 −10 to 250    A
CW719R CuZn39Sn1 32.2 −10 to 250    A A
CW724R CuZn21Si3P 32.2 −196 to 250     A A A A A A A
CW725R CuZn33Pb1AlSiAs 32.2 −196 to 250      A A A A A
EN 1057
EN 1173
EN 1652
EN 1653
EN 12163
EN 12164
EN 12165
EN 12167
EN 12168
EN 12420
EN 12449
EN 12450
EN 12451
EN 12452
EN 12735-1
EN 12735-2
EN 13348
Annex C
(normative)
Mechanical properties at room temperature
For dimensions and other data refer to the material standard referred to in Table B.1.
Table C.1 — Strength values to be used in design
R /MPa R /MPa R /MPa
Number Name Condition Product form m p0,2 p1,0
CW023A Cu-DLP R200 plate 200 40
...