oSIST prEN 17662:2021

Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804 for Steel, Iron and Aluminium structural products for use in construction works.

This European standard provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804, for Type III environmental declarations for steel components and aluminium components fabricated from steel or aluminium constituent products to be used for structural purposes in buildings and civil engineering works where their characteristic affects the mechanical resistance and stability of these construction works or parts thereof, where there does not exist a more specific specification for the product. This standard also provides guidance for other metal construction products where a specific PCR as EN standard does not exist.

Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken - Umweltproduktdeklarationen - EN 15804 ergänzende Produktkategorieregeln für tragende Produkte aus Stahl, Aluminium und Metall für den Einsatz in Bauwerken

Dieses Dokument legt die Produktkategorieregeln (c-PCR) als Ergänzung zu EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 für Umweltdeklarationen des Typs III für Stahl- und Aluminiumbauteile aus Stahl- oder Aluminium-Konstruktionsmaterialien für tragende Zwecke in Gebäuden und Ingenieurbauwerken fest, wo ihre Eigenschaften die mechanische Festigkeit und Standsicherheit dieser Bauwerke oder von Teilen derselben beeinflussen. Die Bauwerke können eingebaute oder offene Bauwerke sein. Dieses Dokument liefert außerdem eine Anleitung für andere Metall-Bauprodukte, für die keine spezifische PCR als EN-Norm besteht.
Dieses Dokument dient zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Dieses Dokument kann außerdem für alle nicht-tragenden Metallprodukte oder Metallteile derselben verwendet werden, wo keine spezifische PCR als EN-Norm besteht.
Dieses Dokument ist für die Verwendung in der Produktionsphase (Wiege bis Werkstor) mit Optionen oder die Bewertung des Lebenszyklus (Wiege bis Bahre) vorgesehen, vorausgesetzt, dass der Zweck ordnungsgemäß in der Beschreibung der Systemgrenze festgelegt ist.
Die Beurteilung der sozialen und ökonomischen Qualität auf der Produktebene ist nicht Gegenstand dieser Norm.

Exécution des structures en acier et des structures en aluminium - Déclarations environnementales sur les produits - Règles complémentaires à la norme EN 15804 régissant les catégories de produits en acier, en fer et en aluminium utilisés dans les ouvrages de construction

Izvedba jeklenih in aluminijastih konstrukcij - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za kategorije proizvodov, ki dopolnjujejo EN 15804 za jeklene, železne in aluminijaste gradbene proizvode za konstrukcijska dela

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-Jul-2021
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• ICS: 91.010.99 - Other aspects
• ICS: 91.080.13 - Steel structures
• ICS: 91.080.17 - Aluminium structures
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 17-May-2021
• Due Date: 04-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 04-Jun-2021
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Ref Project: prEN 17662 - Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804 for Steel, Iron and Aluminium structural products for use in construction works.

Overview

prEN 17662 - “Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804” is a CEN draft standard that defines complementary product category rules (c‑PCR) for Type III Environmental Product Declarations for steel, iron and aluminium structural products used in buildings and civil engineering works. It is intended to be used together with EN 15804 and supports cradle‑to‑gate with options or cradle‑to‑grave life cycle assessments (LCA). The standard clarifies system boundaries, mandatory modules (including modules C and D), and modelling rules specific to metal structural products.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope: Applies to structural steel and aluminium components whose characteristics affect mechanical resistance and stability; also gives guidance where no more specific PCR exists (including some non‑structural metal parts).
• LCA rules: Specifies Product Category Rules for LCA consistent with EN 15804, including allocation for multi‑output metal processes, recycled metal content, and treatment of reuse/recycling.
• Module allocation: Defines what belongs in modules A1 and A3 (material production vs. product manufacturing) and requires inclusion of transport impacts across life cycle stages.
• Mandatory modules: Clarifies inclusion of modules C and D and when optional modules (e.g., A5, C1) are used; default data for transport and end‑of‑life scenarios are provided in annexes.
• Coatings & additional indicators: Gives precision on when and where to include coating impacts and guidance on reporting additional environmental indicators (with some limits where indicators lack reliability).
• Annexed guidance: Includes detailed annexes for LCA modelling (Annex F), default transport data (Annex G), reuse/recycling rates (Annex H), end‑of‑life formulae and data quality schemes.
• Verification & validity: Contains requirements for EPD verification and reporting (see clause on verification and validity).

Practical applications

• Preparing or verifying Type III EPDs for beams, columns, hollow sections, sheet piling, cladding, sandwich panels, rebars and similar metal construction products.
• Performing LCAs for procurement, green building certification, environmental compliance, and supplier environmental communication.
• Supporting project teams (architects, structural engineers, contractors) to compare products on a life‑cycle basis when EN‑standard PCRs for metals are required.

Who should use this standard

• Steel and aluminium manufacturers and fabricators preparing EPDs
• LCA practitioners and EPD program operators
• Specifiers, engineers, architects and public procurers requiring compliant product environmental information
• Certification bodies, sustainability consultants and downstream users relying on EN 15804‑aligned EPDs

Related standards

• EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 - Core rules for environmental product declarations for construction products
• EN 1090‑1 - Conformity assessment for structural components
• ISO 14044 - LCA requirements and guidelines

Keywords: prEN 17662, Environmental Product Declarations, EPD, EN 15804, product category rules, steel structures, aluminium structures, LCA, construction works.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2021
Izvedba jeklenih in aluminijastih konstrukcij - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode -
Pravila za kategorije proizvodov, ki dopolnjujejo EN 15804 za jeklene, železne in
aluminijaste gradbene proizvode za konstrukcijska dela
Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Environmental Product
Declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804 for Steel, Iron and
Aluminium structural products for use in construction works.
Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken -
Umweltproduktdeklarationen - EN 15804 ergänzende Produktkategorieregeln für
tragende Produkte aus Stahl, Aluminium und Metall für den Einsatz in Bauwerken
Exécution des structures en acier et des structures en aluminium - Déclarations
environnementales sur les produits - Règles complémentaires à la norme EN 15804
régissant les catégories de produits en acier, en fer et en aluminium utilisés dans les
ouvrages de construction
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17662
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
91.080.17 Aluminijaste konstrukcije Aluminium structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2021
ICS 91.010.99; 91.080.13; 91.080.17
English Version
Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures -
Environmental Product Declarations - Product category
rules complementary to EN 15804 for Steel, Iron and
Aluminium structural products for use in construction
works.
Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und
Aluminiumtragwerken - Umweltproduktdeklarationen
- EN 15804 ergänzende Produktkategorieregeln für
tragende Produkte aus Stahl, Aluminium und Metall für
den Einsatz in Bauwerken
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 135.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17662:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Abbreviations . 7
5 General aspects . 7
6 Product Category Rules for LCA . 8
7 Content of the EPD . 20
8 Project report . 22
9 Verification and validity of an EPD . 22
Annex A (normative) Requirements and guidance on the reference service life . 23
Annex B (informative) Waste . 24
Annex C (normative) Impact categories and related indicators, methodologies and
characterization factors (CF) . 25
Annex D (informative) End of life formulae . 26
Annex E (informative) Schemes to be applied for data quality assessment of generic and
specific data . 27
Annex F (informative) Guidance for LCA modelling and calculation . 28
F.1 Introduction . 28
F.2 The life cycle stages . 28
F.3 The LCA calculation rules. 29
F.4 The calculation rules for recycling only . 30
F.5 The calculation rules for recycling and reuse . 37
F.6 Using data sets developed by the metal sector . 41
Annex G (normative) Default data for transport . 43
G.1 General. 43
G.2 Mode specific data . 43
G.3 Generic data . 45
Annex H (informative) Default rates of reuse, recycling and losses . 47
H.1 Default rates of reuse, recycling and losses . 47
Annex I (informative) Default data for modules A5 and C1 . 48
I.1 Default data for modules A5 and C1 . 48
Annex J (informative) Physical partitioning calculation example . 49
J.1 Example for Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBS) . 49
Annex K (informative) Selection of Additional Environmental Indicators. 52
K.1 Selection of Additional Environmental Indicators . 52
Annex L (informative) Requirements and guidance on the reference service life . 54
L.1 Introduction . 54
L.2 Guidance rules if more specific data are not known . 54
Bibliography . 58

European foreword
This document (prEN 17662:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 135 “Execution
of steel structures and aluminium structures”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
Introduction
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
This European Standard provides rules for Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for steel and
aluminium structural elements which are used in buildings and civil engineering works. It complements
the core product category rules for all construction products and services as established in
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
This document:
• gives precision to the material specific system boundaries, including mandatory modules C and D
• specifies the use of modules A1 and A3
• gives precision to when and where to include impact from coatings
• gives precision to when and how to report additional indicators
• gives precision to allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the steel and aluminium
manufacturing process chain
• gives precision to allocation procedures for re-use and recycling
• provides in Annexes G, H, and I, default data and scenarios for transport, reuse and re-cycling, and
erection/deconstruction
• gives guidance in Annex L for downstream companies on how to use an Environmental Product
Declaration, EPD, from a supplier
1 Scope
This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for steel components and aluminium
components fabricated from steel or aluminium constituent products to be used for structural purposes
in buildings and civil engineering works, where their characteristic affects the mechanical resistance
and stability of these construction works or parts thereof. The structures can be built-in structures or
open structures. This document also provides guidance for other metal construction products where a
specific PCR as EN standard does not exist.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
This document can be used also for non-structural metal products or metal parts thereof where a
specific PCR as EN standard does not exist.
This document is intended to be used for cradle-to-gate with options or cradle to grave assessment,
provided the intention is properly stated in the system boundary description.
The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations -
Core rules for the product category of construction products
EN 1090-1:2009+A1:2011, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements
for conformity assessment of structural components
EN ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
(ISO 14044:2006)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
recycled metals
metals produced from secondary materials which substitutes primary materials
Note 1 to entry: E.g. recycled metal ingot or slab.
Note 2 to entry: Recycled metals are typically produced from metal scrap which are secondary materials for
recycling. The fraction of recycled metal within a product can vary from low proportion to high depending on the
sourcing of its production, e.g. fraction of virgin metal vs fraction of metal scrap.
3.2
reused metal products and metal components
products or components recovered from previous use which substitutes new products/components
Note 1 to entry: Examples of reused metal products and metal components are reused structures (beams and
columns), sandwich panels, corrugated roofing sheets.
3.3
semi-finished product
product that needs further processing to be used as a construction product
Note 1 to entry: A semi-finished product can also be called an intermediate product.
4 Abbreviations
EPD Environmental product declaration
PCR Product category rules
LCA Life cycle assessment
LCI Life cycle inventory analysis
LCIA Life cycle impact assessment
RSL Reference service life
ESL Estimated service life
c-PCR Complementary product category rules
CF Characterization factor
ND Not declared
PEF Product environmental footprint
BF Blast furnace
BOF Basic oxygen furnace
DRI Direct reduced iron
HM Hot metal
5 General aspects
5.1 Objectives of the Complementary PCR
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.2 Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.3 Comparability of EPD for construction products
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.4 Additional environmental information
5.4.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.4.2 Additional impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
The following additional environmental impact indicators in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 shall not be
declared in the EPD except if mandatory in the country of declaration:
• Eco-toxicity (Freshwater)
• Human toxicity, cancer effects
• Human toxicity, non-cancer effects
NOTE 1 Under the current EN15804:2012+A2:2019 the additional indicators are optional, due to e.g. lack of
accuracy or representativeness of the underlying models.
The additional impact indicator designated in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 as ‘Potential incidence of
disease due to Particulate Matter emissions (PM)’ should not be declared when doubt has been
identified about the reliability of source data.
NOTE 2 See also Annex K.
5.4.3 Additional information on carbon offset, carbon storage and delayed emissions
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.4.4 Additional information not derived from LCA
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.5 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
5.6 Communication formats
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6 Product Category Rules for LCA
6.1 Product category
The product category referred to in this standard includes all construction products and construction
services for buildings and other construction works covered by the scope.
Product examples are:
• Hot rolled open sections (H, I, L, T, U))
• Cold formed hollow sections
• Hot finished hollow sections
• Welded sections of hot rolled plates or sections mentioned above
• Cold formed open sections (C, I, L, T, U))
• Cold formed structural sheets
• Steel and/or aluminium in multi-material structural products
The product category to which this standard refers, also includes metal construction products and
metal parts in construction products covered by other product standards.
Product examples are:
• Steel and aluminium frames for windows and doors, and steel doors
• Piles
• Sheet piling
• Cladding and roofing sheets
• Steel and aluminium sheets in metal-faced insulating sandwich panels
• Reinforcing and pre-stressing steel (rebars)
6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included
6.2.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
NOTE A guidance for LCA-calculation is given in Annex F.
Impacts from transport in all life cycle modules shall be included where relevant.
Unless specific data are calculated, the default data given in Annex G shall be used.
6.2.2 A1-A3, Product stage, information modules
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
For the supply chain of steel products and aluminium products all material production processes such
as mining and metal production shall be reported in A1 and all product manufacturing processes before
the construction site shall be reported in A3. Distribution between A1 and A3 is given in Table 1.
a)
Table 1 — Processes reported in modules A1 and A3
Processes A1 A3
Ingot, slab, bloom, billet and powder production including upstream x
processes
Coil, plate, bar, wire and profile production including upstream x
processes
Coating and surface treatment of coil, plate, bar and wire x
Foundry casting including rinsing but excluding machining including x
upstream processes
Forging  x
Additive manufacturing  x
Profiling and forming  x
Cutting, piercing, blanking and machining  x
Welding, soldering, gluing etc  x
Coating and surface treatment of material other than coil, plate, bar  x
and wire
Other processes taking place before transport to the building site  x
a
all transport steps between processes within and between A1 and A3 shall be included and reported
in A2
6.2.3 A4-A5, Construction process stage, information modules
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
NOTE Default data for module A5 is given in Annex I.
6.2.4 B1-B5, Use stage, information modules related to the building fabric
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
If coating is included in modules A1, A3 or A5, and the service life is known, then B2 should be declared
for necessary refurbishment of the coating during the service life.
6.2.5 B6-B7, use stage, information modules related to the operation of the building
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.2.6 C1-C4 End-of-life stage, information modules
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
The production of the secondary raw material, i.e. metal scrap, usually includes
• Collection and transport of end-of-life products and packages;
• Dismantling of components; Shredding and sorting;
This stage also includes provision of all materials, products and related energy and water use.
NOTE Default data for module C1 is given in Annex I.
6.2.7 D, Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
Examples of processes are:
• The conversion of metal scrap into a recycled cast metal, i.e. slab/billet/ingot. This usually includes
melting/remelting, refining and casting and if needed metallurgical treatment.
• The reuse of products. This usually includes storage of dismantled products and refurbishment.
This stage also includes transportation operations and provision of all materials, products and related
energy and water use.
6.2.8 End of life and use of secondary material
Building products or materials for reuse or recycling can occur in all stages of a life cycle.
Scrap generated in modules A1-A3 shall, unless otherwise justified, be treated as closed loop recycling
and not considered as secondary material input coming from outside the system boundary.
Secondary materials exiting modules A5, B and C shall, unless otherwise justified, be considered in
module D. Waste processing up to end of waste state for reuse and recycling shall be reported in the
modules where they occur as illustrated in Table 2.
The use of secondary material can give rise to burdens in modules A1-A3 as described in Table 3.
For the reuse scenario the product does not necessarily become a waste. For the recycling scenario the
end of waste state is normally reached when the scrap is sent to or enters the re-processing facility to
be re-melted, according to the table above, and does not necessarily follow the actual legal status in a
given country.
NOTE 1 for some metals like copper, very clean scrap can reach the point of substitution prior to melting
NOTE 2 In most reuse and recycling scenarios a fraction of the product is lost and can be reported in module
C4.
NOTE 3 Default rates of reuse and recycling and losses are given in Annex H.
Table 2 — Reuse and recycling scenarios for modules C1, C2, C3 and D
Processes taking place in each module
C1 C2 C3 D
Disassembly or Transport Waste processing in Benefits and loads

demolition preparation for from
reuse and recycling reuse/recycling
Reuse Disassembly, initial Transport to No further Cutting to size/
scenario sorting stockholder processing needed refurbishment/
/fabricator to reach end of finishing to the
waste state point of
substitution.
Benefits of
substitution of a
primary product of
equivalent function
Recycling Demolition/disass Transport to Further Transport to metal
scenario embly, initial treatment facility separation/sorting re-processor, re-
sorting of scrap types, melting and casting.
cutting to size or Benefit of
shredding and/or substituted primary
baling cast metal
ingot/slab
Table 3 — Processes for reuse of products and recycling of secondary materials
in modules A1-A3
Processes taking place in each module
Module A1 Module A2 Module A3
Raw material extraction Transport to Product manufacture
and material processing manufacturing
Secondary product None Additional transport to Cutting to size,
input for reuse manufacturer fabrication /finishing for
final application
Secondary material Transport to metal Transport to Product manufacturing
input for recycling reprocessor, re- manufacturer /fabrication
melting and casting,
material processing
(semi-finished)
6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA
6.3.1 Functional or declared unit
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
Declared unit shall be used for construction products covered by EN 1090-1.
Other construction products also covered by this standard may use declared unit or functional unit
depending on the nature of the product.
6.3.2 Functional unit
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.2.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.2.2 Performance in a functional unit
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.3 Declared unit
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
Declared unit shall be:
• 1 kg: for construction products covered by EN 1090-1.
6.3.4 Reference service life (RSL)
6.3.4.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.4.2 Scenarios for RSL and functional unit
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5 System boundaries
6.3.5.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.2 Product stage
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.3 Construction stage
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.4 Use stage
6.3.5.4.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.4.2 B1-B5 Use stage information modules related to the building fabric
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.4.3 B6 – B7 use stage information modules related to the operation of the building
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.5 End-of-life stage
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.5.6 Benefits and loads beyond the product system boundary in module D
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.6 Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.7 Selection of data
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
EPDs use a collection of company specific, regional average, or generic data to represent different parts
of the supply chain. For metal products, the most relevant data are typically in module A1 since they
drive the environmental impact results. To provide full transparency on data selection, the information
described in Table 4 shall be provided in the EPD.
Table 4 — Declaration of data sources in EPD
Data Source and type used (example shown)
A1
Data
A1.1 A1.2
Descriptio
Crude Semi
n
A2 A3 A4 A5 B C D
metal finished
supply metal
(from supply
slab,
ingot)
Process e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g.
Data worldst worldste GaBi Compa GaBi GaBi GaBi GaBi world-
Source eel el ny X steel
(Trade
association
, specified
database,
or
company
specific)
Process e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g.  e.g. e.g.
Data Type Europea European Europ Supply Europ Germa Europ Europ
(Generic, n Average ean Chain ean ny ean ean
Regional Average Averag Specifi Averag Averag Averag Averag
Average e c e e e e
(specify),
or Supply
Chain
a
Specific )
Scenario N/A N/A e.g. N/A e.g. e.g. e.g. e.g. N/A
Data distan distan Indust Main- Europ
source ce ce ry data tenanc ean
(e.g. Compa Compa e for Recycl
distance/r ny X ny X coatin ing
e-cycling specifi specifi gs rates
rate) c c
a
single company or a group of named companies in a collective

For the vehicle transport scenarios, an empty return journey shall be assumed unless specific return
journey data are available.
6.3.8 Data requirements
6.3.8.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.8.2 Data quality requirements
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
Metal production processes under module A1 (see 6.2.2), including the processes for the production of
ingot, slab, bloom, billet and metal powder, are considered ‘relevant data’ for the purposes of data
quality assessment, since they make a major contribution to the overall impact results.
6.3.8.3 Data quality assessment schemes applied on generic and specific data used and
established in the EPD
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.9 Developing product level scenarios
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.3.9.1 Units
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.4 Inventory analysis
6.4.1 Collecting data
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.4.2 Calculation procedures
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.4.3 Allocation of input flows and output emissions
6.4.3.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.4.3.2 Co-product allocation
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
Co-products of steel production include coke oven by-products, blast furnace slag, basic oxygen
steelmaking slag, process gases, and electric arc furnace steelmaking slag. Due to the use of both steel
and some slag co-products in the construction industry, the allocation of input and output flows in the
respective production processes is particularly important for several products. For these co-products,
the by-product status criteria are met due to a certainty of use following the existence of many different
market applications where they meet the required technical specifications.
By-products of the steel industry shall be considered by-products and not wastes as defined in
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 unless otherwise justified, and shall therefore not be counted as secondary
input materials (material from waste or previous use, i.e. with no allocated impacts). This is irrespective
of the legal status of the co-product in a particular country.
Particular attention shall be given to Blast Furnace Slag used as a cement or cement clinker
replacement, in the form of Ground and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for use in cement and
concrete products.
The process can be sub-divided and shall not be considered co-joined.
NOTE 1 The ratio of slag to iron is variable depending on the raw materials used and way of operation. There is
a physical separation within the furnace resulting in two distinct product flows with targeted properties.
The blast furnace shall be sub-divided by partitioning between the pig iron and slag intended for
granulation, in a way which reflects the underlying physical relationships between them. In other
words, they shall reflect the way in which the inputs and outputs are changed by quantitative changes
in the products or functions delivered by the system.
The following main underlying physical relationships affecting the inputs and outputs of the blast
furnace shall be included:
• The energy required and associated emissions to reduce the oxides of Fe, Si, P, and Mn, and their
subsequent dissolution in the pig iron. The energy inputs and associated emissions required to heat
the slag and iron to the required tap temperature (sensible heat).
NOTE 2 The ‘fEHM’ rule as shown in Table X5 is the fraction of the total energy associated with making hot
metal. Typically, 94.8 % of the energy inputs are associated with making hot metal and the remaining 5.2 % with
making granulated or air-cooled slag.
• The amount of gangue content in iron bearing inputs required for slag basicity compensation.
Table X5 shows the rules for ‘DRI’,’ Iron ore’, ‘Pellet’ and ‘Sinter’.
The coke oven shall be partitioned using the energy content of the coke oven outputs, based on the
amount of coke and coke oven gas needed for the sinter/pellet plant and blast furnace to make hot
metal and slag.
For remaining process gases and other co-products not used in construction, system expansion should
be applied, as per EN ISO 14044:2006.
NOTE 3 For carbon intensive process gases such as blast furnace gas, system expansion is justified as it is in
keeping with a polluter pays and conservative approach. In general, expanding the system avoids allocation where
it is not necessary, since several co-products are not used as construction products, and many have little influence
on overall results.
The partitioning rules in Table 5, 6 and 7 are based on average empirical values and shall be used for
the coke oven and blast furnace process where no site-specific data are available. The requirements
apply unless otherwise justified for site specific operations and for site specific input materials and
conditions, but the method used shall remain based on physical relationships.
Table 5 — Blast Furnace Physical Partitioning Rules
(default values to be used where no site specific values are available)
Rule % to Hot Metal % to Slag
fEHM 94.8 5.2
100 % HM 100 0
100 % Slag 0 100
DRI 96 4
Iron ore 88.6 11.4
Pellet 92.9 7.1
Sinter 81.7 18.3
Table 6 — Coke Oven Partitioning Rules
(default values to be used where no site specific values are available)
Coke Oven Partitioning Rules
Rule % to Coke and Coke Oven Gas used to % to Remaining Co-products
make hot metal and slag (including remaining Coke Oven Gas)
Energy 82.9 17.1
Table 7 — Partitioning Rules applied to Blast Furnace Process Inputs and Outputs
Inputs Partitioning Rule
BF slag 100 % slag
BOF slag 100 % slag
DRI DRI
Fluorspar 100 % slag
Graded sinter Sinter
Iron ore Iron ore
Iron scrap 100 % HM
Manganese 100 % HM
Manganese 100 % HM
Pellet Pellet
Scales internal 100 % HM
Serpentine 100 % slag
Silicon 100 % HM
Sinter Sinter
Sinter / pellet dust Sinter
Inputs Partitioning Rule
Soda (sodium carbonate) 100 % HM
Steel scrap external 100 % HM
Steel scrap home 100 % HM
All other inputs fEHM
HM is equal to liquid pig iron
Outputs
BF Slag 100 % HM
Iron scrap 100 % HM
Sinter / pellet Sinter
All other outputs fEHM
Process sub-division by physical partitioning shall be used in preference to economic allocation for all
remaining iron and steel co-products unless otherwise motivated.
The ability for slags to carbonate, especially due to their high exposed surface area, shall be included in
the calculation of the cradle-to-gate impacts for slags. This shall be done by calculating the allocated CO
emissions from production and then deducting any CO absorbed (e.g. via hydration products), from the
time of initial slag production through to delivery to a construction works. Calculation methods for
carbonation rates shall be stated.
NOTE 4 An example of physical partitioning for blast funcace slag, based on European average data, is given in
Annex J
NOTE 5 Documentation for partitioning of steel industry slag by-products is published by worldsteel, [1].
6.4.3.3 Allocation procedure of reuse, recycling and recovery
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.4.4 Information procedure of reuse, recycling and recovery
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.5 Impact assessment
6.5.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.5.2 Core environmental impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
6.5.3 Additional environmental impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7 Content of the EPD
7.1 Declaration of general information
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2 Declaration of environmental indicators derived from LCA
7.2.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.2 Rules for declaring LCA information per module
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.3 Indicators describing environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA
7.2.3.1 Core environmental impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.3.2 Additional environmental impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
See also 5.4.2
7.2.3.3 Disclaimers to the declaration of core and additional environmental impact indicators
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.4 Indicators describing resource use and environmental information based on Life Cycle
Inventory (LCI)
7.2.4.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.4.2 Indicators describing resource use
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.4.3 Environmental information describing waste categories
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.4.4 Environmental information describing output flows
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.2.5 Information on biogenic carbon content
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3 Scenarios and additional technical information
7.3.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.2 Construction process stage
7.3.2.1 A4, Transport to the building site
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.2.2 A5, Installation in the building
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.3 B1-B7 use stage
7.3.3.1 B1-B5 use stage related to the building fabric
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.3.2 Reference service life
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.3.3 B6, use of energy and B7, use of water
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.3.4 End-of-life
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.4 Additional information on release of dangerous substances to indoor air, soil and
water during the use stage
7.4.1 Indoor air
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
7.4.2 Soil and water
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, in addition:
NOTE CEN/TS 16637-1:2018,[2], states that “metallic products and coatings on metallic products are not
considered in the determination scheme of that Technical Specification since the test methods in
CEN/TS 16637-2,[3], (tank test) and CEN/TS 16637-3, [4] (column test) are not appropriate for the testing of
these construction products due to a different release mechanism (solubility control).” A harmonized test method
is not available and therefore the EPD does not need to give information on releases to soil and water.
7.5 Aggregation of information modules
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
8 Project report
8.1 General
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
8.2 LCA-related elements of the project report
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
8.3 Documentation on additional information
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
8.4 Data availability for verification
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
9 Verification and validity of an EPD
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex A
(normative)
Requirements and guidance on the reference service life
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex B
(informative)
Waste
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex C
(normative)
Impact categories and related indicators, methodologies and
characterization factors (CF)
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex D
(informative)
End of life formulae
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex E
(informative)
Schemes to be applied for data quality assessment of generic and specific
data
As in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
Annex F
(informative)
Guidance for LCA modelling and calculation
F.1 Introduction
Metals are used in the building and construction sector for structures, reinforcements, cladding, roofing,
window frames, plumbing, heating equipment and many other applications. Due to their high strength
and high stiffness, metals can bear high loads, be used to reinforce other materials or can span great
distances, allowing freedom of design. Metal building products are normally designed to be
weatherproof, seismic resistant, corrosion resistant and UV resistant, thus ensuring a long service life.
Most often, metal building products will satisfy the service life of the building itself.
In addition to their technical properties, metal products also have a unique characteristic in their ability
to be efficiently and economically reused or recycled without altering their properties. Today, more
than 95 % of the metal products used in buildings are collected at end-of-life. A survey carried out
among UK demolition contractors [5] and by EUROFER in 2012 [6], has shown that 99 % of steel
structural sections are recycled or reused. For aluminium building products, a study [7] performed on
several demolition sites in Europe has demonstrated that more than 96 % of the aluminium content of
these buildings was selectively collected and sent to recycling facilities, while 100 % of big aluminium
elements were collected and sent for recycling.
High economic value is the main driver for the systematic dismantling, collection and recycling of metal
products. As metal recycling provides energy savings of between 60 % and 95 % compared to primary
production [8] (depending on the metal and the metal-bearing product), metal recycling creates a win-
win situation for both the environment and the economy. Therefore, accurate modelling of recycling at
the production and end of life stages, is essential [12]. This informative annex provides guidance for
such a purpose.
This annex includes the following:
• The description of the typical life cycle stages for metal building products with a focus on steel and
aluminium structural elements
• The calculation rules for modules A1-A5, C and D on two exemplative metal sheet cases
• The aluminium and steel sectoral data sets which can be used for LCA modelling
F.2 The life cycle stages
F.2.1 Production stage module A1 to A5
The production stage can include some or all of the following steps:
1. Metal production from raw material (module A1), i.e. extraction, beneficiation and metallurgical
treatment, and primary metal smelting and refining including alloying, finally casting into
slab/ingot/billet (starting material for sheet or profile production).
2. Recycling from secondary material (module A1), i.e. scrap preparation, melting and refining
including alloying, finally casting into slab/ingot/billet (starting material for sheet or profile
production). In practice, primary metal and recycled metal are normally mixed as molten metal
before the casting operation so that the cast metal is often produced from mixed sources.
3. Semi finished production (module A1), the transformation of cast metal, e.g.
ingots/slabs/billets/castings, into the semi-finished structural elements, including rolling and/or
extrusion. The life cycle model should ideally allow the process scrap to be looped back to the input
side of the core process, including any treatment processes, i.e. modelled as closed loop recycling.
This internal scrap loop should not be considered in the evaluation quantity of external secondary
material entering module A.
4. Final manufacturing in plant (module A3), if relevant, further finishing processes like forming,
joining, coating can take place to fabricate the final product addressed by the EPD, e.g. steel or
aluminium kits.
5. Final fabrication stage on site (module A5) if relevant
Process scrap can also be produced in module A3. As far as possible, this scrap flow should be modelled
as closed loop and kept within the system boundary of module A. The mass flow of metal between
Module A1 and module A3 should be properly integrated. In particular, the overall metal sourcing, i.e.
the primary metal part and the external scrap input to module A, should properly balance the metal
exiting Module A3 as well as the metal losses reflecting the metal yield of the various processes
included in Module A. As a result, the closed loop flows do not contribute to the quantity of external
input flow of secondary material for the product exiting module A3.
If closed loop modelling is not possible for process scrap, co-product allocation should be applied to
process
...