SIST ISO 9462:2011
Alpine ski-bindings - Requirements and test methods
Alpine ski-bindings - Requirements and test methods
This International Standard specifies the main characteristics of ski-bindings and describes, as an example, the test methods A and B. This International Standard applies to ski-bindings for alpine skiing for children, juniors and adults.
Fixations de skis alpins - Exigences et méthodes d'essai
L'ISO 9462:2006 spécifie les caractéristiques principales des fixations de ski et décrit, à titre d'exemple, les méthodes d'essai A et B.
L'ISO 9462:2006 s'applique aux fixations de ski utilisées dans la pratique du ski alpin par les enfants, les adolescents et les adultes.
Varnostne vezi za alpske smuči - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Ta mednarodni standard določa glavne značilnosti varnostnih vezi in opisuje, na primer, preskusni metodi A in B. Ta mednarodni standard velja za varnostne vezi za alpske smuči za otroke, mladostnike in odrasle.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9462
Third edition
2006-02-15
Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and
test methods
Fixations de skis alpins — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Reference number
ISO 9462:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
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© ISO 2006
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electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Test conditions . 4
4.1 Loading rate . 4
4.2 Accuracy of measurement. 4
4.3 Test sole . 4
4.4 Test ski. 4
5 Test methods A and B. 4
5.1 Principle. 4
5.2 Simple torsion test. 5
5.3 Forward bending test . 6
6 Requirements and testing. 7
6.1 General requirements. 7
6.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values . 9
6.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences. 11
6.4 Energy absorption (recentering). 16
6.5 Lateral release under impact loading . 16
6.6 Field tests . 17
6.7 Exposure to corrosion and dirt . 18
7 Marking . 19
Annex A (informative) Additional information to conduct tests according to test method A. 20
Annex B (informative) Fixtures and load configurations necessary for conducting tests using test
method B . 25
Annex C (normative) Grain size distribution of dirt. 32
Annex D (informative) Determination of tolerances on M and M . 33
z y
Bibliography . 35
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9462 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and recreational equipment,
Subcommittee SC 3, Ski bindings.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9462:1993), Clauses 3 and 7/subclauses 5.1,
6.3.3, 6.3.4 and 6.6.2/Tables 1 and 3/Annexes A and B of which have been technically revised/deleted/added.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 9462:1993/Amd.1:2002 and the Technical Corrigendum
ISO 9462:1993/Cor.1:1993.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9462:2006(E)
Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the main characteristics of ski-bindings and describes, as an example,
the test methods A and B.
This International Standard applies to ski-bindings for alpine skiing for children, juniors and adults.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5355:2005, Alpine ski-boots — Requirements and test methods
ISO 8061:2004, Alpine ski-bindings — Selection of release torque values
ISO 9465:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Lateral release under impact loading — Test method
ISO 9838:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Test soles for ski-binding tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alpine ski-binding
system to ensure firm connection between boot and ski, fixing the heel low for downhill skiing
NOTE The system releases the boot from the ski when certain loads reach preset values.
3.2
release
detachment of the boot from the ski by release of the mechanism that ensures the connection between boot
and ski
NOTE This release is only considered effective when all the loads due to the boot/ski connection have dropped to
values which present no danger to the skier.
3.3
release values
maximum values of torques M and M caused at the boot/ski connection by the two movements of torsion
z y
and forward bending
See Figure 1.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
NOTE 1 These values are generally adjustable on current bindings which have a scale and an indicator displaying the
setting level.
NOTE 2 In the present state of the art, bindings are designed at least to release in torsion (± M ) and in forward
z
bending (± M )
y
3.4
reference value
value, adjusted after a series of tests, used as a basis of comparison to evaluate the behaviour of the binding
during the tests (see 6.3.1)
3.5
combined loading
loading of the sole or ski in several directions at the same time, where one of the loads is the torque M
z
progressively applied to the sole until the binding releases
See Figure 1 and Table 1.
Figure 1 — Definition of the loads and torques
Table 1 — Coordinates of reference point 0
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of binding
C CA A
s
85 100 100
1
s
70 80 80
2
NOTE Each of the load combinations simulates a given situation, chosen within an infinite field of possibilities and
simplified for the purpose of the tests. The main simplification being that the loads applied additionally to the release
torque M are held constant in value and direction during all the release process.
z
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
3.6
additional loads
loads applied additionally to the release torque M
z
3.7
deflection of the ski
deflection of the ski perpendicular to its gliding surface
NOTE In practice, the deflection of the ski depends at the same time on the loading situation and the profile of the
snow-surface (“geometrical” situation); in test simplification, only the “geometrical” situation is simulated.
3.8
type C bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type C of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at least the
following release values:
a) M = 10 N⋅m
z
b) M = 37 N⋅m
y
3.9
type CA bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with types C and A of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at
least the following release values:
a) M = 20 N⋅m
z
b) M = 75 N⋅m
y
3.10
type A bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type A of ISO 5355:2005
3.11
limit
L
1
lowest possible position of the setting indicator
3.12
limit
L
2
position of the indicator at the lowest mark on the setting scale
3.13
limit
L
3
position of the indicator at the highest mark on the setting scale
3.14
limit
L
4
highest possible position of the setting indicator
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
4 Test conditions
4.1 Loading rate
The tests shall be performed quasi-statically, ensuring that the following indicative values of the torque
gradient are respected:
a) torsion release:
dM
z
u 50⋅m/s
dt
b) forward bending release:
dM
y
u 220 N⋅m/s
dt
4.2 Accuracy of measurement
The measurement error of the release value in torsion shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values W 50 N⋅m and
± 1 N⋅m for values < 50 N⋅m.
The measurement error of the release value in forward bending shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values
W 200 N⋅m and ± 4 N⋅m for values < 200 N⋅m.
The test equipment shall be designed to allow application of pure moments without any extraneous forces,
during the entire release process.
4.3 Test sole
The test sole shall be in accordance with ISO 9838.
Before testing, the sole shall be degreased, washed and dried.
4.4 Test ski
For the release tests in the laboratory, the bindings shall be mounted either on whole skis or on appropriate
sections of skis. If the binding is pre-mounted (already mounted on the ski by the producer) use the ski with
which the binding is delivered in its medium size. If not, choose a ski which represents the market.
5 Test methods A and B
5.1 Principle
The binding shall be mounted on a ski in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. A test sole shall
then be inserted in the binding.
In method A, the ski is rigidly connected to the test frame and the torque M or M is progressively applied to
z y
the sole until the binding releases. The peak value of M or M is recorded.
z y
In method B, the sole is rigidly connected to the test frame through a sensor which measures the torques M
z
and M . Forces are progressively applied to the ski until the binding releases. The peak value of M or M is
y z y
recorded.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
Annexes A and B give examples of how to realise method A or method B.
Passing by either method shall be deemed satisfactory.
5.2 Simple torsion test
5.2.1 Method A
See Figure 2.
Key
1 fixed ski
Figure 2 — Application of M torque and measurement of M
z z, max
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
5.2.2 Method B
See Figure 3.
Key
1 fixed base
Figure 3 — Application of two equal forces F and F and measurement of M torque
NH RH z, max
5.3 Forward bending test
5.3.1 Method A
See Figure 4.
Key
1 fixed ski
Figure 4 — Application of M torque and measurement of M
y y, max
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
5.3.2 Method B
See Figure 5.
Key
1 fixed base
Figure 5 — Application of two equal forces F and F and measurement of M
NV RV y, max
6 Requirements and testing
6.1 General requirements
NOTE This subclause deals with general requirements covering topics where the evaluation is carried out visually.
6.1.1 Function and form
6.1.1.1 The binding shall release at least in two cases:
⎯ when applying a torque M about an axis perpendicular to the ski gliding surface;
z
⎯ when applying a torque M about an axis parallel to the ski surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal
y
axis of the ski.
The binding is said to release when the above mentioned torque reaches a maximum value (release value)
and then drops to a value that is harmless for the skier. After release, all the loads applied by the ski and the
boot on the leg shall remain below the dangerous level for all possible movements, and until all the risks
associated with the coupling boot-ski are no longer apparent.
6.1.1.2 The release level shall be clearly indicated by a scale covering all of the setting range anticipated
by the manufacturer. The release shall still be possible at the upper limit (maximum setting). Settings above
Z = 10 shall be clearly differentiated from settings below Z = 10 on the indicator scale.
6.1.1.3 Each procedure of adjustment to the boot having an influence on the binding functioning shall be
verifiable by the use of a clear indicator, or by any other means considered suitable by the operator for
showing the correct adjustment.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.1.1.4 The binding shall be equipped with a ski-brake or allow for an easy and secure attachment of a
leash.
6.1.1.5 The design of the ski-brake or the leash shall be such that, after release, no unnecessary danger
will occur to the skier.
6.1.1.6 The binding shall have an external design which does not have a negative influence on skiing or
cause unnecessary risk of injuries when used normally.
6.1.2 Handling
6.1.2.1 Mounting instructions
The manufacturer or the importer shall deliver mounting instructions that are easily understood, to the sports
shop. These instructions shall include at least:
a) the mechanical procedure for adjusting the release values of the binding;
b) recommendations for determining the appropriate release values for the skier;
c) the sole characteristics required for good functioning of the binding;
d) the boot-sole requirements and preparation for mounting of additional elements if necessary;
e) preparation and mounting of the binding e.g. use of jig, compatibility with ski, etc.;
f) the adjustment instructions necessary for accommodating different boot-sole lengths and heights, the
centring of the sole and ways of controlling the length adjustment;
g) ways of performing the basic functional tests after mounting;
h) recommendation for setting the binding with a setting device;
i) troubleshooting procedures for non-symmetric release and readjustment.
6.1.2.2 Instructions for use
An easily understood set of instructions for the skier shall be included with all bindings. These instructions
shall contain at least:
a) warnings against important modifications of the recommended setting;
b) instructions on how to step in and out of the binding, how to restore the binding to its initial position after
release and how to open the binding after a fall in an awkward position;
c) recommendations for avoiding problems, for example increase of the release level with time;
d) instructions for maintenance, storage and control of the binding;
e) recommendations for setting the binding by a specialist with a setting device and for controlling this
setting each year;
f) a warning that, when skiing in deep snow, the brake alone is not sufficient to avoid losing the ski;
g) information on the appropriate ski-boots with which the binding is designed to function.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values
6.2.1 Requirements
6.2.1.1 Scattering of values
The difference between each of the five values and their mean value shall not exceed ± 10 % of that mean
value.
6.2.1.2 Symmetry in torsion
The difference between the mean of the five values of M in one direction and the mean of the ten values of
z
⏐M⏐ shall not exceed ± 10 % of the latter.
z
6.2.1.3 Accuracy of setting scale
The release value that corresponds to the indicator position of the setting scale is given in Table 2.
For M , the tolerance is ± 5 N⋅m for Z = 1 and then increases linearly to ± 10 N⋅m for Z = 10.
z
For M , the tolerance is calculated by taking into account the relationship between M and M given in Table 2.
y y z
NOTE To determine the tolerances on M and M , use Figures D.1 and D.2.
z y
This requirement applies to each of the mean values of the ten values of ⏐M⏐ and each of the mean values
z
of the five values of M corresponding to the settings L , 1/3, 2/3 and L .
y 2 3
For the highest setting (limit L i.e. off the scale), these mean values shall not exceed the mean values
4,
corresponding to limit L by more than 20 %.
3
6.2.2 Testing
6.2.2.1 Sampling
Carry out the test on four bindings randomly chosen from a set of six bindings. If the preceding requirements
in 6.2.1 are not fulfilled, two of the four bindings can be replaced by the remaining two bindings in this set.
6.2.2.2 Choice of settings
Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C, with the sole and bindings dry, for the following
settings:
⎯ limit L ;
2
⎯ at approximately 1/3 of the scale;
⎯ at approximately 2/3 of the scale;
⎯ limit L ;
3
⎯ limit L .
4
Carry out the tests using the sole length corresponding to the setting mark, according to Table 2.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
Table 2 — Setting scale
Setting mark Release torques Sole length
M M
Z l
z y
N⋅m N⋅m mm
0,5 5 18 200
1 10 37 225
1,5 15 55 243
2 20 75 258
2,5 25 94 270
3 30 114 280
3,5 35 134 290
4 40 154 298
4,5 45 175 306
5 50 196 314
5,5 55 218 320
6 60 239 327
6,5 65 261 333
7 70 284 339
7,5 75 307 344
8 80 330 350
8,5 85 353 355
9 90 377 360
9,5 95 401 364
10 100 425 369
For each setting, release each of the four bindings five times in torsion to the right (+ M ), five times in torsion
z
to the left (− M ) and five times in forward bending (M ).
z y
6.2.2.3 Calculation of mean values
Calculate for each setting and each binding the following values:
⎯ mean value of the five values of + M ;
z
⎯ mean value of the five values of − M ;
z
⎯ mean value of the ten values of ⏐M⏐;
z
⎯ mean value of the five values of M .
y
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences
6.3.1 Order of tests
Carry out the tests described in this subclause in the following order on the four bindings already used for the
tests in 6.2.2.
6.3.2 Reference values
Set the bindings in order to release for one pair of the values M /M indicated below:
z y
l = 250 mm for
M = 20 N⋅m ± 2 N⋅m
z
M = 75 N⋅m ± 5 N⋅m
y
l = 305 mm for
M = 40 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 154 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 320 mm for
M = 60 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 240 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 340 mm for
M = 80 N⋅m ± 4 N⋅m
z
M = 330 N⋅m ± 15 N⋅m
y
Use the pair which lies nearest to the release value corresponding to the middle of the L /L range of the
2 3
binding.
Indicate also the boot-sole length, l. Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C with sole and
bindings dry.
Release each binding five times in torsion to the right or to the left (for all subsequent tests maintain the
direction) and five times in forward bending.
The mean value of each group of five release values is considered as the reference value.
This setting remains the same for all of the following tests (6.3.3 to 6.7.2).
6.3.3 Release with ski deflection
6.3.3.1 Requirements
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value
shall not exceed 20 % for the torsion release (deflection of the ski M ) and 15 % for the forward bending
z
release, M .
y
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
None of the five values for the torsion release shall exceed ± 10 % of their mean value.
None of the five release values for the forward bending release shall exceed ± 7,5 % of their mean value.
6.3.3.2 Testing
Subject one binding to the test. Release the binding five times in torsion to the right and five times in forward
bending. Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C with wet sole and binding.
Position and deflect the test ski with the sole inserted in the binding in accordance with Figure 6 and Table 3
and force the ski to deflect to given values by a strap or clamp that does not interfere with the binding.
If the distance of the supports is different, use Table 3.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 boot toe
Figure 6 — Deflection of the ski
Table 3 — Deflection of the ski
Dimensions in millimetres
Radius R l f
500 6,6
600 9,5
700 13,0
800 17,0
900 21,5
1 000 26,6
4 717,5
1 100 32,2
1 200 38,3
1 300 45,0
1 400 52,2
1 500 60,0
1 600 68,3
1 700 77,2
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.3.4 Release under combined loading
6.3.4.1 General requirement about scattering
For a given test, each of the five release values shall remain within ± 10 % of their mean values.
6.3.4.2 General test conditions
Subject one binding to the following tests. Carry out these tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C, with wet
sole and binding.
For each of the following configurations of combined loading, release the binding five times in torsion to the
right.
The values of the additional load are proportional to the reference value, M , measured according to 6.3.2.
z
Apply the combined load to the ski boot (method A) on the reference point or to the ski (method B) in an
equivalent manner during all its movements, which shall remain constant in amplitude and direction relative to
the ski boot (method A) or relative to the ski (method B).
6.3.4.3 Influence of forward lean of the body
6.3.4.3.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release and the reference value shall not exceed 35 %.
6.3.4.3.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
+=M 2 M
yz
40 N
−=F M
zz
6N⋅m
where M = reference value
z
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.4.4 Influence of “roll loading”
6.3.4.4.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 20 %.
6.3.4.4.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
M = 0,2 M (first test configuration)
x z
M = − 0,2 M (second test configuration)
x z
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.3.4.5 Influence of backward lean of the body
6.3.4.5.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 25 %.
6.3.4.5.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
⎯ M = 1, 25 M
yz
40 N
⎯ F = M
zz
6N⋅m
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.4.6 Influence of axial force
6.3.4.6.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 15 %.
6.3.4.6.2 Testing
Apply the following additional load:
20 N
F = M
xz
6N⋅m
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.5 Low temperature exposure
6.3.5.1 Requirements
The difference between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value shall not exceed
35 % for bindings of type C and CA and 30 % for bindings of type A.
6.3.5.2 Testing
Subject only one binding to the test.
Subject boot sole and binding in a dry state separately to − 20 °C. Release the binding twice in torsion to the
right and twice in forward bending.
6.3.6 Icing
6.3.6.1 Requirements
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value
shall not exceed 40 % for bindings of type C and CA and 35 % for bindings of type A.
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
6.3.6.2 Testing
Subject four bindings to the following cycles
a) The ski shall be placed in a horizontal position at a temperature of − 20 °C for at least 30 min after the
following preconditions:
1) hold ski upright, with tip uppermost at (23 ± 5) °C;
2) binding open at heel;
3) shower with water at (40 ± 3) °C for 2 min;
4) leave in this position for approximately 1 min.
Then insert a boot sole (dry and at − 20 °C) into binding. Flex the ski five times (curve of deflection
approximately 30 mm while ski is supported between supports 1 000 mm apart). The specimen is now
ready for specified release tests in accordance with the following instructions.
b) Take the horizontal ski, with an inserted test sole [both at (23 ± 5) °C], and shower it for 2 min with water
at (40 ± 5) °C, from a distance of 200 mm. Place the ski in an upright position (tip uppermost) for 10 s.
Place the ski in a horizontal position and hold it at − 20 °C for at least 30 min.
For cycles a) and b), after five flections of the ski [see a)] carry out the release tests at first for M , then
y
after stepping into the binding again, immediately for M .
z
c) Carry out cycles a) and b) alternatively. Immediately after the release test, store the binding at ambient
temperature (23 ± 5) °C for 10 min before beginning the subsequent cycle. The total number of cycles is
six, each of them being carried out three times. The number of cycles may be reduced to two, if the mean
value of the deviations between the measurements for the first two cycles and the corresponding
references is smaller than 25 %.
6.3.7 Snow pack
6.3.7.1 Requirements
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value
shall not exceed 40 % for bindings of type C and CA, and 35 % for bindings of type A.
Additionally, this mean value shall not be situated in a range of 25 % to 75 % of the reference value for the
forward fall release, in order to avoid the risk of inadvertent release due to the binding having been fixed
incorrectly.
6.3.7.2 Testing
Simulate the effect of snow pack by means of a peeled PTFE plate, with the same dimensions as t
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 9462:2011
01-marec-2011
9DUQRVWQHYH]L]DDOSVNHVPXþL=DKWHYHLQSUHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Alpine ski-bindings - Requirements and test methods
Fixations de skis alpins - Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 9462:2006
ICS:
97.220.20 Oprema za zimske športe Winter sports equipment
SIST ISO 9462:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 9462:2011
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SIST ISO 9462:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9462
Third edition
2006-02-15
Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and
test methods
Fixations de skis alpins — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Reference number
ISO 9462:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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SIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 9462:2011
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Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Test conditions . 4
4.1 Loading rate . 4
4.2 Accuracy of measurement. 4
4.3 Test sole . 4
4.4 Test ski. 4
5 Test methods A and B. 4
5.1 Principle. 4
5.2 Simple torsion test. 5
5.3 Forward bending test . 6
6 Requirements and testing. 7
6.1 General requirements. 7
6.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values . 9
6.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences. 11
6.4 Energy absorption (recentering). 16
6.5 Lateral release under impact loading . 16
6.6 Field tests . 17
6.7 Exposure to corrosion and dirt . 18
7 Marking . 19
Annex A (informative) Additional information to conduct tests according to test method A. 20
Annex B (informative) Fixtures and load configurations necessary for conducting tests using test
method B . 25
Annex C (normative) Grain size distribution of dirt. 32
Annex D (informative) Determination of tolerances on M and M . 33
z y
Bibliography . 35
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ISO 9462:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9462 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and recreational equipment,
Subcommittee SC 3, Ski bindings.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9462:1993), Clauses 3 and 7/subclauses 5.1,
6.3.3, 6.3.4 and 6.6.2/Tables 1 and 3/Annexes A and B of which have been technically revised/deleted/added.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 9462:1993/Amd.1:2002 and the Technical Corrigendum
ISO 9462:1993/Cor.1:1993.
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SIST ISO 9462:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9462:2006(E)
Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the main characteristics of ski-bindings and describes, as an example,
the test methods A and B.
This International Standard applies to ski-bindings for alpine skiing for children, juniors and adults.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5355:2005, Alpine ski-boots — Requirements and test methods
ISO 8061:2004, Alpine ski-bindings — Selection of release torque values
ISO 9465:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Lateral release under impact loading — Test method
ISO 9838:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Test soles for ski-binding tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alpine ski-binding
system to ensure firm connection between boot and ski, fixing the heel low for downhill skiing
NOTE The system releases the boot from the ski when certain loads reach preset values.
3.2
release
detachment of the boot from the ski by release of the mechanism that ensures the connection between boot
and ski
NOTE This release is only considered effective when all the loads due to the boot/ski connection have dropped to
values which present no danger to the skier.
3.3
release values
maximum values of torques M and M caused at the boot/ski connection by the two movements of torsion
z y
and forward bending
See Figure 1.
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NOTE 1 These values are generally adjustable on current bindings which have a scale and an indicator displaying the
setting level.
NOTE 2 In the present state of the art, bindings are designed at least to release in torsion (± M ) and in forward
z
bending (± M )
y
3.4
reference value
value, adjusted after a series of tests, used as a basis of comparison to evaluate the behaviour of the binding
during the tests (see 6.3.1)
3.5
combined loading
loading of the sole or ski in several directions at the same time, where one of the loads is the torque M
z
progressively applied to the sole until the binding releases
See Figure 1 and Table 1.
Figure 1 — Definition of the loads and torques
Table 1 — Coordinates of reference point 0
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of binding
C CA A
s
85 100 100
1
s
70 80 80
2
NOTE Each of the load combinations simulates a given situation, chosen within an infinite field of possibilities and
simplified for the purpose of the tests. The main simplification being that the loads applied additionally to the release
torque M are held constant in value and direction during all the release process.
z
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3.6
additional loads
loads applied additionally to the release torque M
z
3.7
deflection of the ski
deflection of the ski perpendicular to its gliding surface
NOTE In practice, the deflection of the ski depends at the same time on the loading situation and the profile of the
snow-surface (“geometrical” situation); in test simplification, only the “geometrical” situation is simulated.
3.8
type C bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type C of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at least the
following release values:
a) M = 10 N⋅m
z
b) M = 37 N⋅m
y
3.9
type CA bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with types C and A of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at
least the following release values:
a) M = 20 N⋅m
z
b) M = 75 N⋅m
y
3.10
type A bindings
bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type A of ISO 5355:2005
3.11
limit
L
1
lowest possible position of the setting indicator
3.12
limit
L
2
position of the indicator at the lowest mark on the setting scale
3.13
limit
L
3
position of the indicator at the highest mark on the setting scale
3.14
limit
L
4
highest possible position of the setting indicator
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4 Test conditions
4.1 Loading rate
The tests shall be performed quasi-statically, ensuring that the following indicative values of the torque
gradient are respected:
a) torsion release:
dM
z
u 50⋅m/s
dt
b) forward bending release:
dM
y
u 220 N⋅m/s
dt
4.2 Accuracy of measurement
The measurement error of the release value in torsion shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values W 50 N⋅m and
± 1 N⋅m for values < 50 N⋅m.
The measurement error of the release value in forward bending shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values
W 200 N⋅m and ± 4 N⋅m for values < 200 N⋅m.
The test equipment shall be designed to allow application of pure moments without any extraneous forces,
during the entire release process.
4.3 Test sole
The test sole shall be in accordance with ISO 9838.
Before testing, the sole shall be degreased, washed and dried.
4.4 Test ski
For the release tests in the laboratory, the bindings shall be mounted either on whole skis or on appropriate
sections of skis. If the binding is pre-mounted (already mounted on the ski by the producer) use the ski with
which the binding is delivered in its medium size. If not, choose a ski which represents the market.
5 Test methods A and B
5.1 Principle
The binding shall be mounted on a ski in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. A test sole shall
then be inserted in the binding.
In method A, the ski is rigidly connected to the test frame and the torque M or M is progressively applied to
z y
the sole until the binding releases. The peak value of M or M is recorded.
z y
In method B, the sole is rigidly connected to the test frame through a sensor which measures the torques M
z
and M . Forces are progressively applied to the ski until the binding releases. The peak value of M or M is
y z y
recorded.
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Annexes A and B give examples of how to realise method A or method B.
Passing by either method shall be deemed satisfactory.
5.2 Simple torsion test
5.2.1 Method A
See Figure 2.
Key
1 fixed ski
Figure 2 — Application of M torque and measurement of M
z z, max
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5.2.2 Method B
See Figure 3.
Key
1 fixed base
Figure 3 — Application of two equal forces F and F and measurement of M torque
NH RH z, max
5.3 Forward bending test
5.3.1 Method A
See Figure 4.
Key
1 fixed ski
Figure 4 — Application of M torque and measurement of M
y y, max
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5.3.2 Method B
See Figure 5.
Key
1 fixed base
Figure 5 — Application of two equal forces F and F and measurement of M
NV RV y, max
6 Requirements and testing
6.1 General requirements
NOTE This subclause deals with general requirements covering topics where the evaluation is carried out visually.
6.1.1 Function and form
6.1.1.1 The binding shall release at least in two cases:
⎯ when applying a torque M about an axis perpendicular to the ski gliding surface;
z
⎯ when applying a torque M about an axis parallel to the ski surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal
y
axis of the ski.
The binding is said to release when the above mentioned torque reaches a maximum value (release value)
and then drops to a value that is harmless for the skier. After release, all the loads applied by the ski and the
boot on the leg shall remain below the dangerous level for all possible movements, and until all the risks
associated with the coupling boot-ski are no longer apparent.
6.1.1.2 The release level shall be clearly indicated by a scale covering all of the setting range anticipated
by the manufacturer. The release shall still be possible at the upper limit (maximum setting). Settings above
Z = 10 shall be clearly differentiated from settings below Z = 10 on the indicator scale.
6.1.1.3 Each procedure of adjustment to the boot having an influence on the binding functioning shall be
verifiable by the use of a clear indicator, or by any other means considered suitable by the operator for
showing the correct adjustment.
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6.1.1.4 The binding shall be equipped with a ski-brake or allow for an easy and secure attachment of a
leash.
6.1.1.5 The design of the ski-brake or the leash shall be such that, after release, no unnecessary danger
will occur to the skier.
6.1.1.6 The binding shall have an external design which does not have a negative influence on skiing or
cause unnecessary risk of injuries when used normally.
6.1.2 Handling
6.1.2.1 Mounting instructions
The manufacturer or the importer shall deliver mounting instructions that are easily understood, to the sports
shop. These instructions shall include at least:
a) the mechanical procedure for adjusting the release values of the binding;
b) recommendations for determining the appropriate release values for the skier;
c) the sole characteristics required for good functioning of the binding;
d) the boot-sole requirements and preparation for mounting of additional elements if necessary;
e) preparation and mounting of the binding e.g. use of jig, compatibility with ski, etc.;
f) the adjustment instructions necessary for accommodating different boot-sole lengths and heights, the
centring of the sole and ways of controlling the length adjustment;
g) ways of performing the basic functional tests after mounting;
h) recommendation for setting the binding with a setting device;
i) troubleshooting procedures for non-symmetric release and readjustment.
6.1.2.2 Instructions for use
An easily understood set of instructions for the skier shall be included with all bindings. These instructions
shall contain at least:
a) warnings against important modifications of the recommended setting;
b) instructions on how to step in and out of the binding, how to restore the binding to its initial position after
release and how to open the binding after a fall in an awkward position;
c) recommendations for avoiding problems, for example increase of the release level with time;
d) instructions for maintenance, storage and control of the binding;
e) recommendations for setting the binding by a specialist with a setting device and for controlling this
setting each year;
f) a warning that, when skiing in deep snow, the brake alone is not sufficient to avoid losing the ski;
g) information on the appropriate ski-boots with which the binding is designed to function.
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6.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values
6.2.1 Requirements
6.2.1.1 Scattering of values
The difference between each of the five values and their mean value shall not exceed ± 10 % of that mean
value.
6.2.1.2 Symmetry in torsion
The difference between the mean of the five values of M in one direction and the mean of the ten values of
z
⏐M⏐ shall not exceed ± 10 % of the latter.
z
6.2.1.3 Accuracy of setting scale
The release value that corresponds to the indicator position of the setting scale is given in Table 2.
For M , the tolerance is ± 5 N⋅m for Z = 1 and then increases linearly to ± 10 N⋅m for Z = 10.
z
For M , the tolerance is calculated by taking into account the relationship between M and M given in Table 2.
y y z
NOTE To determine the tolerances on M and M , use Figures D.1 and D.2.
z y
This requirement applies to each of the mean values of the ten values of ⏐M⏐ and each of the mean values
z
of the five values of M corresponding to the settings L , 1/3, 2/3 and L .
y 2 3
For the highest setting (limit L i.e. off the scale), these mean values shall not exceed the mean values
4,
corresponding to limit L by more than 20 %.
3
6.2.2 Testing
6.2.2.1 Sampling
Carry out the test on four bindings randomly chosen from a set of six bindings. If the preceding requirements
in 6.2.1 are not fulfilled, two of the four bindings can be replaced by the remaining two bindings in this set.
6.2.2.2 Choice of settings
Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C, with the sole and bindings dry, for the following
settings:
⎯ limit L ;
2
⎯ at approximately 1/3 of the scale;
⎯ at approximately 2/3 of the scale;
⎯ limit L ;
3
⎯ limit L .
4
Carry out the tests using the sole length corresponding to the setting mark, according to Table 2.
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Table 2 — Setting scale
Setting mark Release torques Sole length
M M
Z l
z y
N⋅m N⋅m mm
0,5 5 18 200
1 10 37 225
1,5 15 55 243
2 20 75 258
2,5 25 94 270
3 30 114 280
3,5 35 134 290
4 40 154 298
4,5 45 175 306
5 50 196 314
5,5 55 218 320
6 60 239 327
6,5 65 261 333
7 70 284 339
7,5 75 307 344
8 80 330 350
8,5 85 353 355
9 90 377 360
9,5 95 401 364
10 100 425 369
For each setting, release each of the four bindings five times in torsion to the right (+ M ), five times in torsion
z
to the left (− M ) and five times in forward bending (M ).
z y
6.2.2.3 Calculation of mean values
Calculate for each setting and each binding the following values:
⎯ mean value of the five values of + M ;
z
⎯ mean value of the five values of − M ;
z
⎯ mean value of the ten values of ⏐M⏐;
z
⎯ mean value of the five values of M .
y
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6.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences
6.3.1 Order of tests
Carry out the tests described in this subclause in the following order on the four bindings already used for the
tests in 6.2.2.
6.3.2 Reference values
Set the bindings in order to release for one pair of the values M /M indicated below:
z y
l = 250 mm for
M = 20 N⋅m ± 2 N⋅m
z
M = 75 N⋅m ± 5 N⋅m
y
l = 305 mm for
M = 40 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 154 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 320 mm for
M = 60 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 240 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 340 mm for
M = 80 N⋅m ± 4 N⋅m
z
M = 330 N⋅m ± 15 N⋅m
y
Use the pair which lies nearest to the release value corresponding to the middle of the L /L range of the
2 3
binding.
Indicate also the boot-sole length, l. Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C with sole and
bindings dry.
Release each binding five times in torsion to the right or to the left (for all subsequent tests maintain the
direction) and five times in forward bending.
The mean value of each group of five release values is considered as the reference value.
This setting remains the same for all of the following tests (6.3.3 to 6.7.2).
6.3.3 Release with ski deflection
6.3.3.1 Requirements
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value
shall not exceed 20 % for the torsion release (deflection of the ski M ) and 15 % for the forward bending
z
release, M .
y
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None of the five values for the torsion release shall exceed ± 10 % of their mean value.
None of the five release values for the forward bending release shall exceed ± 7,5 % of their mean value.
6.3.3.2 Testing
Subject one binding to the test. Release the binding five times in torsion to the right and five times in forward
bending. Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C with wet sole and binding.
Position and deflect the test ski with the sole inserted in the binding in accordance with Figure 6 and Table 3
and force the ski to deflect to given values by a strap or clamp that does not interfere with the binding.
If the distance of the supports is different, use Table 3.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 boot toe
Figure 6 — Deflection of the ski
Table 3 — Deflection of the ski
Dimensions in millimetres
Radius R l f
500 6,6
600 9,5
700 13,0
800 17,0
900 21,5
1 000 26,6
4 717,5
1 100 32,2
1 200 38,3
1 300 45,0
1 400 52,2
1 500 60,0
1 600 68,3
1 700 77,2
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6.3.4 Release under combined loading
6.3.4.1 General requirement about scattering
For a given test, each of the five release values shall remain within ± 10 % of their mean values.
6.3.4.2 General test conditions
Subject one binding to the following tests. Carry out these tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C, with wet
sole and binding.
For each of the following configurations of combined loading, release the binding five times in torsion to the
right.
The values of the additional load are proportional to the reference value, M , measured according to 6.3.2.
z
Apply the combined load to the ski boot (method A) on the reference point or to the ski (method B) in an
equivalent manner during all its movements, which shall remain constant in amplitude and direction relative to
the ski boot (method A) or relative to the ski (method B).
6.3.4.3 Influence of forward lean of the body
6.3.4.3.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release and the reference value shall not exceed 35 %.
6.3.4.3.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
+=M 2 M
yz
40 N
−=F M
zz
6N⋅m
where M = reference value
z
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.4.4 Influence of “roll loading”
6.3.4.4.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 20 %.
6.3.4.4.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
M = 0,2 M (first test configuration)
x z
M = − 0,2 M (second test configuration)
x z
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
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6.3.4.5 Influence of backward lean of the body
6.3.4.5.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 25 %.
6.3.4.5.2 Testing
Apply the following additional loads:
⎯ M = 1, 25 M
yz
40 N
⎯ F = M
zz
6N⋅m
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.4.6 Influence of axial force
6.3.4.6.1 Requirement
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the reference value shall not
exceed 15 %.
6.3.4.6.2 Testing
Apply the following additional load:
20 N
F = M
xz
6N⋅m
Calculate the mean value from five measurements.
6.3.5 Low temperature exposure
6.3.5.1 Requirements
The difference between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value shall not exceed
35 % for bindings of type C and CA and 30 % for bindings of type A.
6.3.5.2 Testing
Subject only one binding to the test.
Subject boot sole and binding in a dry state separately to − 20 °C. Release the binding twice in torsion to the
right and twice in forward bending.
6.3.6 Icing
6.3.6.1 Requirements
The mean value of the deviations between each of the release values and the corresponding reference value
shall not exceed 40 % for bindings of type C and CA and 35 % for bindings of type A.
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6.3.6.2 Testing
Subject four bindings to the following cycles
a) The ski shall be placed in a horizontal position at a temperature of − 20 °C for at least 30 min after the
following preconditions:
1) hold ski upright, with tip uppermost at (23 ± 5) °C;
2) binding open at heel;
3) shower with water at (40 ± 3) °C for 2 min;
4) leave in this position for approximately 1 min.
Then insert a boot sole (dry and at − 20 °C) into binding. Flex the ski five times (curve of deflection
approximately 30 mm while ski is supported between supports 1 000 mm apart). The specimen is now
ready for specified release tests in accordance with the following instructions.
b) Take the horizontal ski, with an inserted test sole [both at (23 ± 5) °C], and shower it for 2 min with water
at (40 ± 5) °C, from a distance of 200 mm. Place the ski in an upright position (tip uppermost) for 10 s.
Place the ski in a horizontal position and hold it at − 20 °C for at least 30 min.
For cycles a) and b), after five flections of the ski [see a)] carry out the release tests at first for M , then
y
after stepping into the binding again, immediately for M .
z
c) Carry out cycles a) and
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fixations de skis alpins - Exigences et méthodes d'essaiAlpine ski-bindings - Requirements and test methods97.220.20Oprema za zimske športeWinter sports equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 9462:2006oSIST ISO 9462:2011en01-januar-2011oSIST ISO 9462:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO 9462:2011
Reference numberISO 9462:2006(E)© ISO 2006
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO9462Third edition2006-02-15Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods Fixations de skis alpins — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
oSIST ISO 9462:2011
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©
ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
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ii
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
iiiContents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Test conditions.4 4.1 Loading rate.4 4.2 Accuracy of measurement.4 4.3 Test sole.4 4.4 Test ski.4 5 Test methods A and B.4 5.1 Principle.4 5.2 Simple torsion test.5 5.3 Forward bending test.6 6 Requirements and testing.7 6.1 General requirements.7 6.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values.9 6.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences.11 6.4 Energy absorption (recentering).16 6.5 Lateral release under impact loading.16 6.6 Field tests.17 6.7 Exposure to corrosion and dirt.18 7 Marking.19 Annex A (informative)
Additional information to conduct tests according to test method A.20 Annex B (informative)
Fixtures and load configurations necessary for conducting tests using test method B.25 Annex C (normative)
Grain size distribution of dirt.32 Annex D (informative)
Determination of tolerances on Mz and My.33 Bibliography.35
oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) iv
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9462 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and recreational equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Ski bindings. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9462:1993), Clauses 3 and 7/subclauses 5.1, 6.3.3, 6.3.4 and 6.6.2/Tables 1 and 3/Annexes A and B of which have been technically revised/deleted/added. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 9462:1993/Amd.1:2002 and the Technical Corrigendum ISO 9462:1993/Cor.1:1993.
oSIST ISO 9462:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
1Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the main characteristics of ski-bindings and describes, as an example, the test methods A and B. This International Standard applies to ski-bindings for alpine skiing for children, juniors and adults. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5355:2005, Alpine ski-boots — Requirements and test methods ISO 8061:2004, Alpine ski-bindings — Selection of release torque values ISO 9465:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Lateral release under impact loading — Test method ISO 9838:1991, Alpine ski-bindings — Test soles for ski-binding tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 alpine ski-binding system to ensure firm connection between boot and ski, fixing the heel low for downhill skiing NOTE The system releases the boot from the ski when certain loads reach preset values. 3.2 release detachment of the boot from the ski by release of the mechanism that ensures the connection between boot and ski NOTE This release is only considered effective when all the loads due to the boot/ski connection have dropped to values which present no danger to the skier. 3.3 release values maximum values of torques Mz and My caused at the boot/ski connection by the two movements of torsion and forward bending See Figure 1. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) 2
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved NOTE 1 These values are generally adjustable on current bindings which have a scale and an indicator displaying the setting level. NOTE 2 In the present state of the art, bindings are designed at least to release in torsion (± Mz) and in forward bending (± My) 3.4 reference value value, adjusted after a series of tests, used as a basis of comparison to evaluate the behaviour of the binding during the tests (see 6.3.1) 3.5 combined loading loading of the sole or ski in several directions at the same time, where one of the loads is the torque Mz progressively applied to the sole until the binding releases See Figure 1 and Table 1.
Figure 1 — Definition of the loads and torques
Table 1 — Coordinates of reference point 0 Dimensions in millimetres Type of binding
C CA A s1 85 100 100 s2 70 80 80
NOTE Each of the load combinations simulates a given situation, chosen within an infinite field of possibilities and simplified for the purpose of the tests. The main simplification being that the loads applied additionally to the release torque Mz are held constant in value and direction during all the release process. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
33.6 additional loads loads applied additionally to the release torque Mz 3.7 deflection of the ski deflection of the ski perpendicular to its gliding surface NOTE In practice, the deflection of the ski depends at the same time on the loading situation and the profile of the snow-surface (“geometrical” situation); in test simplification, only the “geometrical” situation is simulated. 3.8 type C bindings bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type C of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at least the following release values: a) Mz = 10 N⋅m b) My = 37 N⋅m 3.9 type CA bindings bindings suitable for boot soles complying with types C and A of ISO 5355:2005, which can be adjusted to at least the following release values: a) Mz = 20 N⋅m b) My = 75 N⋅m 3.10 type A bindings bindings suitable for boot soles complying with type A of ISO 5355:2005 3.11 limit L1 lowest possible position of the setting indicator 3.12 limit L2 position of the indicator at the lowest mark on the setting scale 3.13 limit L3 position of the indicator at the highest mark on the setting scale 3.14 limit L4 highest possible position of the setting indicator oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) 4
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 4 Test conditions 4.1 Loading rate The tests shall be performed quasi-statically, ensuring that the following indicative values of the torque gradient are respected: a) torsion release: dz50m/sdtM⋅u b) forward bending release: dy220Nm/sdtM⋅u 4.2 Accuracy of measurement The measurement error of the release value in torsion shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values W 50 N⋅m and ± 1 N⋅m for values < 50 N⋅m. The measurement error of the release value in forward bending shall be smaller than ± 2 % for values W 200 N⋅m
and ± 4 N⋅m for values < 200 N⋅m. The test equipment shall be designed to allow application of pure moments without any extraneous forces, during the entire release process. 4.3 Test sole The test sole shall be in accordance with ISO 9838. Before testing, the sole shall be degreased, washed and dried. 4.4 Test ski For the release tests in the laboratory, the bindings shall be mounted either on whole skis or on appropriate sections of skis. If the binding is pre-mounted (already mounted on the ski by the producer) use the ski with which the binding is delivered in its medium size. If not, choose a ski which represents the market. 5 Test methods A and B 5.1 Principle The binding shall be mounted on a ski in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. A test sole shall then be inserted in the binding. In method A, the ski is rigidly connected to the test frame and the torque Mz or My is progressively applied to the sole until the binding releases. The peak value of Mz or My is recorded. In method B, the sole is rigidly connected to the test frame through a sensor which measures the torques Mz and My. Forces are progressively applied to the ski until the binding releases. The peak value of Mz or My is recorded. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
5Annexes A and B give examples of how to realise method A or method B. Passing by either method shall be deemed satisfactory. 5.2 Simple torsion test 5.2.1 Method A See Figure 2.
Key 1 fixed ski Figure 2 — Application of Mz torque and measurement of Mz, max oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) 6
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5.2.2 Method B See Figure 3.
Key 1 fixed base Figure 3 — Application of two equal forces FNH and FRH and measurement of Mz, max torque 5.3 Forward bending test 5.3.1 Method A See Figure 4.
Key 1 fixed ski Figure 4 — Application of My torque and measurement of My, max oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
75.3.2 Method B See Figure 5.
Key 1 fixed base Figure 5 — Application of two equal forces FNV and FRV and measurement of My, max 6 Requirements and testing 6.1 General requirements NOTE This subclause deals with general requirements covering topics where the evaluation is carried out visually. 6.1.1 Function and form 6.1.1.1 The binding shall release at least in two cases: ⎯ when applying a torque Mz about an axis perpendicular to the ski gliding surface; ⎯ when applying a torque My about an axis parallel to the ski surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ski. The binding is said to release when the above mentioned torque reaches a maximum value (release value) and then drops to a value that is harmless for the skier. After release, all the loads applied by the ski and the boot on the leg shall remain below the dangerous level for all possible movements, and until all the risks associated with the coupling boot-ski are no longer apparent. 6.1.1.2 The release level shall be clearly indicated by a scale covering all of the setting range anticipated by the manufacturer. The release shall still be possible at the upper limit (maximum setting). Settings above Z = 10 shall be clearly differentiated from settings below Z = 10 on the indicator scale. 6.1.1.3 Each procedure of adjustment to the boot having an influence on the binding functioning shall be verifiable by the use of a clear indicator, or by any other means considered suitable by the operator for showing the correct adjustment. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) 8
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 6.1.1.4 The binding shall be equipped with a ski-brake or allow for an easy and secure attachment of a leash. 6.1.1.5 The design of the ski-brake or the leash shall be such that, after release, no unnecessary danger will occur to the skier. 6.1.1.6 The binding shall have an external design which does not have a negative influence on skiing or cause unnecessary risk of injuries when used normally. 6.1.2 Handling 6.1.2.1 Mounting instructions The manufacturer or the importer shall deliver mounting instructions that are easily understood, to the sports shop. These instructions shall include at least: a) the mechanical procedure for adjusting the release values of the binding; b) recommendations for determining the appropriate release values for the skier; c) the sole characteristics required for good functioning of the binding; d) the boot-sole requirements and preparation for mounting of additional elements if necessary; e) preparation and mounting of the binding e.g. use of jig, compatibility with ski, etc.; f) the adjustment instructions necessary for accommodating different boot-sole lengths and heights, the centring of the sole and ways of controlling the length adjustment; g) ways of performing the basic functional tests after mounting; h) recommendation for setting the binding with a setting device; i) troubleshooting procedures for non-symmetric release and readjustment. 6.1.2.2 Instructions for use An easily understood set of instructions for the skier shall be included with all bindings. These instructions shall contain at least: a) warnings against important modifications of the recommended setting; b) instructions on how to step in and out of the binding, how to restore the binding to its initial position after release and how to open the binding after a fall in an awkward position; c) recommendations for avoiding problems, for example increase of the release level with time; d) instructions for maintenance, storage and control of the binding; e) recommendations for setting the binding by a specialist with a setting device and for controlling this setting each year; f) a warning that, when skiing in deep snow, the brake alone is not sufficient to avoid losing the ski; g) information on the appropriate ski-boots with which the binding is designed to function. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
96.2 Release tests — Setting, reproducibility and symmetry of release values 6.2.1 Requirements 6.2.1.1 Scattering of values The difference between each of the five values and their mean value shall not exceed ± 10 % of that mean value. 6.2.1.2 Symmetry in torsion The difference between the mean of the five values of Mz in one direction and the mean of the ten values of ⏐Mz⏐ shall not exceed ± 10 % of the latter. 6.2.1.3 Accuracy of setting scale The release value that corresponds to the indicator position of the setting scale is given in Table 2. For Mz, the tolerance is ± 5 N⋅m for Z = 1 and then increases linearly to ± 10 N⋅m for Z = 10. For My, the tolerance is calculated by taking into account the relationship between My and Mz given in Table 2. NOTE To determine the tolerances on Mz and My, use Figures D.1 and D.2. This requirement applies to each of the mean values of the ten values of ⏐Mz⏐ and each of the mean values of the five values of My corresponding to the settings L2, 1/3, 2/3 and L3. For the highest setting (limit L4, i.e. off the scale), these mean values shall not exceed the mean values corresponding to limit L3 by more than 20 %. 6.2.2 Testing 6.2.2.1 Sampling Carry out the test on four bindings randomly chosen from a set of six bindings. If the preceding requirements in 6.2.1 are not fulfilled, two of the four bindings can be replaced by the remaining two bindings in this set. 6.2.2.2 Choice of settings Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C, with the sole and bindings dry, for the following settings: ⎯ limit L2; ⎯ at approximately 1/3 of the scale; ⎯ at approximately 2/3 of the scale; ⎯ limit L3; ⎯ limit L4. Carry out the tests using the sole length corresponding to the setting mark, according to Table 2. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) 10
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved Table 2 — Setting scale Setting mark Release torques Sole length Z Mz My l
N⋅m N⋅m mm 0,5 5 18 200 1 10 37 225 1,5 15 55 243 2 20 75 258 2,5 25 94 270 3 30 114 280 3,5 35 134 290 4 40 154 298 4,5 45 175 306 5 50 196 314 5,5 55 218 320 6 60 239 327 6,5 65 261 333 7 70 284 339 7,5 75 307 344 8 80 330 350 8,5 85 353 355 9 90 377 360 9,5 95 401 364 10 100 425 369
For each setting, release each of the four bindings five times in torsion to the right (+ Mz), five times in torsion to the left (− Mz) and five times in forward bending (My). 6.2.2.3 Calculation of mean values Calculate for each setting and each binding the following values: ⎯ mean value of the five values of + Mz; ⎯ mean value of the five values of − Mz; ⎯ mean value of the ten values of ⏐Mz⏐; ⎯ mean value of the five values of My. oSIST ISO 9462:2011
ISO 9462:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
116.3 Evaluation of reproducibility of release under different influences 6.3.1 Order of tests Carry out the tests described in this subclause in the following order on the four bindings already used for the tests in 6.2.2. 6.3.2 Reference values Set the bindings in order to release for one pair of the values Mz/My indicated below: l = 250 mm for Mz = 20 N⋅m ± 2 N⋅m My = 75 N⋅m ± 5 N⋅m l = 305 mm for Mz = 40 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m My = 154 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m l = 320 mm for Mz = 60 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m My = 240 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m l = 340 mm for Mz = 80 N⋅m ± 4 N⋅m My = 330 N⋅m ± 15 N⋅m Use the pair which lies nearest to the release value corresponding to the middle of the L2/L3 range of the binding. Indicate also the boot-sole length, l. Carry out the tests at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C with sole and bindings dry. Release each b
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 9462
Troisième édition
2006-02-15
Fixations de skis alpins — Exigences et
méthodes d'essai
Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods
Numéro de référence
ISO 9462:2006(F)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
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ii © ISO 2006 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Définitions . 1
4 Conditions d'essai . 4
4.1 Vitesse d'application des efforts. 4
4.2 Exactitude de mesure. 4
4.3 Semelle d'essai . 4
4.4 Ski d'essai. 4
5 Méthodes d'essai A et B. 4
5.1 Principe. 4
5.2 Essai en torsion simple. 5
5.3 Essai de chute en avant . 6
6 Exigences et méthodes d'essai. 7
6.1 Exigences générales . 7
6.2 Essais de déclenchement — Réglages, reproductibilité et symétrie des valeurs de
déclenchement. 9
6.3 Évaluation de reproductibilité du déclenchement avec différentes influences. 11
6.4 Absorption d'énergie (recentrage). 17
6.5 Déclenchement latéral sous choc. 17
6.6 Essais sur le terrain. 17
6.7 Exposition à la corrosion et à l'encrassement . 19
7 Marquage . 20
Annexe A (informative) Informations complémentaires pour la réalisation des essais
conformément à la méthode d'essai A .21
Annexe B (informative) Dispositifs et configurations de charge nécessaires à la réalisation
des essais conformément à la méthode d'essai B. 26
Annexe C (normative) Granulométrie de la poussière. 33
Annexe D (informative) Détermination des tolérances sur M et M . 34
z y
Bibliographie . 36
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 9462 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 83, Matériel de sports et d'activités de plein air,
sous-comité SC 3, Fixations de ski.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 9462:1993), Articles 3 et 7/paragraphes
5.1, 6.3.3, 6.3.4 et 6.6.2/Tableaux 1 et 3/Annexes A et B qui ont été révisés/effacés/ajoutés. Elle incorpore
aussi l’Amendement ISO 9462:1993/Amd.1:2002 et le Rectificatif technique ISO 9462:1993/Cor.1:1993.
iv © ISO 2006 – Tous droits réservés
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 9462:2006(F)
Fixations de skis alpins — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les caractéristiques principales des fixations de ski et décrit, à titre
d'exemple, les méthodes d'essai A et B.
La présente Norme internationale s'applique aux fixations de ski utilisées dans la pratique du ski alpin par les
enfants, les adolescents et les adultes.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 5355:2005, Chaussures de ski pour skis alpins — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
ISO 8061:2004, Fixations de skis alpins — Sélection des valeurs du couple de déclenchement
ISO 9465:1991, Fixations de ski alpins — Déclenchement latéral sous choc — Méthode d'essai
ISO 9838:1991, Fixations de ski alpins — Semelles d'essai pour les essais de fixations de skis
3 Définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les définitions suivantes s'appliquent.
3.1
fixation de ski alpin
dispositif assurant une liaison ferme entre la chaussure et le ski, avec maintien du talon en position basse
pour le ski alpin
NOTE Le dispositif libère la chaussure du ski lorsque certains efforts atteignent des valeurs préétablies.
3.2
déclenchement
libération de la chaussure du ski obtenue par déclenchement du mécanisme assurant la liaison chaussure/ski
NOTE Ce déclenchement n'est considéré comme effectif que lorsque tous les efforts provoqués par l'existence de la
liaison chaussure/ski sont retombés à des valeurs ne présentant plus de danger pour le skieur.
3.3
valeurs de déclenchement
valeurs maximales des couples M et M , occasionnées au niveau de la liaison chaussure/ski par les deux
z y
mouvements de torsion et de chute en avant
Voir Figure 1.
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
NOTE 1 Ces valeurs sont généralement réglables sur les fixations actuelles qui disposent d'une échelle et d'un
indicateur permettant de visualiser le niveau de réglage.
NOTE 2 Dans l'état actuel de la technique, les fixations sont conçues au moins pour se déclencher en torsion (± M ) et
z
en chute en avant (± M ).
y
3.4
valeur de référence
valeur, ajustée par une série d'essais, servant de base de comparaison pour évaluer le comportement de la
fixation durant les essais (voir 6.3.1)
3.5
charge combinée
application d'efforts sur la semelle ou le ski dans plusieurs directions à la fois, où l'un des efforts correspond
au couple M appliqué progressivement à la semelle jusqu'au déclenchement de la fixation
z
Voir Figure 1 et Tableau 1.
Figure 1 — Définition des efforts et des couples
Tableau 1 — Coordonnées du point de référence 0
Dimensions en millimètres
Type de fixation
C CA A
s 85 100 100
1
s 70 80 80
2
NOTE Chacune des combinaisons d'efforts simule une situation donnée, choisie parmi un nombre illimité de
possibilités et simplifiée pour les besoins des essais. La principale simplification est que les efforts appliqués en plus du
couple de déclenchement M sont maintenus à valeur et direction constantes pendant tout le processus de
z
déclenchement.
3.6
efforts additionnels
efforts appliqués en plus du couple de déclenchement M
z
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
3.7
déflexion du ski
déflexion du ski perpendiculaire à sa surface de glisse
NOTE En pratique, la déflexion du ski dépend à la fois de la situation de charge et du profil de la surface neigeuse
(situation «géométrique»); à des fins de simplification pour les essais, seule la situation «géométrique» est simulée.
3.8
fixations de type C
fixations adaptées aux semelles conformes au type C de l'ISO 5355:2005 et pouvant être ajustées au moins
aux valeurs de déclenchement suivantes:
a) M = 10 N⋅m
z
b) M = 37 N⋅m
y
3.9
fixations de type CA
fixations adaptées aux semelles conformes aux types C et A de l'ISO 5355:2005 et pouvant être ajustées au
moins aux valeurs de déclenchement suivantes:
a) M = 20 N⋅m
z
b) M = 75 N⋅m
y
3.10
fixations de type A
fixations adaptées aux semelles conformes au type A de l'ISO 5355:2005
3.11
limite
L
1
position la plus basse possible de l'indicateur de réglage
3.12
limite
L
2
position de l'indicateur sur le repère le plus bas de l'échelle de réglage
3.13
limite
L
3
position de l'indicateur sur le repère le plus haut de l'échelle de réglage
3.14
limite
L
4
position la plus haute possible de l'indicateur de réglage
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
4 Conditions d'essai
4.1 Vitesse d'application des efforts
Les essais doivent être effectués de manière quasi statique, en veillant à ce que les valeurs indicatives
suivantes soient respectées pour le gradient de couple:
a) déclenchement en torsion:
dM
z
u 50 N⋅m/s
dt
b) déclenchement en chute en avant:
dM
y
u 220 N⋅m/s
dt
4.2 Exactitude de mesure
L'erreur de mesure de la valeur de déclenchement en torsion doit être inférieure à ± 2 % pour les valeurs
W 50 N⋅m et à ± 1 N⋅m pour les valeurs < à 50 N⋅m.
L'erreur de mesure de la valeur de déclenchement en chute en avant doit être inférieure à ± 2 % pour les
valeurs W 200 N⋅m et à ± 4 N⋅m pour les valeurs < 200 N⋅m.
Le matériel d'essai doit être conçu de manière à permettre l'application des couples purs exempts de forces
parasites pendant tout le processus de déclenchement.
4.3 Semelle d'essai
La semelle d'essai doit être conforme à l'ISO 9838.
Avant l'essai, la semelle doit être dégraissée, lavée et séchée.
4.4 Ski d'essai
En vue des essais de déclenchement en laboratoire, les fixations doivent être montées soit sur des skis
entiers, soit sur des sections appropriées de skis. Si la fixation est prémontée (c'est-à-dire déjà montée sur le
ski par le fabricant), utiliser le ski livré avec la fixation et choisir la taille moyenne. Dans le cas contraire,
choisir un ski représentatif de l'offre du marché.
5 Méthodes d'essai A et B
5.1 Principe
La fixation doit être montée sur un ski conformément aux instructions du fabricant. Une semelle d'essai doit
ensuite être insérée dans la fixation.
Dans la méthode A, le ski est solidement lié à la structure de l'installation d'essai et le couple M ou M est
z y
progressivement appliqué à la semelle jusqu'à ce que la fixation se déclenche. La valeur maximale de M ou
z
M est enregistrée.
y
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
Dans la méthode B, la semelle est solidement liée à la structure de l'installation d'essai par l'intermédiaire d'un
capteur mesurant les couples M et M . Des forces sont progressivement appliquées au ski jusqu'à ce que la
z y
fixation se déclenche. La valeur maximale de M ou M est enregistrée.
z y
Les Annexes A et B fournissent des exemples de mise en œuvre de la méthode A ou de la méthode B.
La réussite de l'une des deux méthodes doit être considérée comme un résultat satisfaisant.
5.2 Essai en torsion simple
5.2.1 Méthode A
Voir Figure 2.
Légende
1 ski fixe
Figure 2 — Application du couple M et mesurage de M
z z, max
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
5.2.2 Méthode B
Voir Figure 3.
Légende
1 base fixe
Figure 3 — Application de deux forces égales, F et F et mesurage du couple M
NH RH z, max
5.3 Essai de chute en avant
5.3.1 Méthode A
Voir Figure 4.
Légende
1 ski fixe
Figure 4 — Application du couple M et mesurage de M
y y, max
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
5.3.2 Méthode B
Voir Figure 5.
Légende
1 base fixe
Figure 5 — Application de deux forces égales, F et F et mesurage de M
NV RV y, max
6 Exigences et méthodes d'essai
6.1 Exigences générales
NOTE Le présent paragraphe traite des exigences générales portant sur des éléments dont l'évaluation fait l'objet
d'un contrôle visuel.
6.1.1 Fonction et forme
6.1.1.1 La fixation doit se déclencher au moins dans deux cas:
⎯ sous l'effet d'un couple M autour d'un axe perpendiculaire au plan de glissement du ski;
z
⎯ sous l'effet d'un couple M autour d'un axe parallèle à la surface du ski et perpendiculaire à l'axe
y
longitudinal du ski.
La fixation doit se déclencher lorsque l'un des deux couples précédemment mentionnés atteint une valeur
maximale (valeur de déclenchement) puis retombe à une valeur sans danger pour le skieur. Après
déclenchement, l'ensemble des efforts exercés par le ski et la chaussure sur la jambe doit se maintenir en
dessous du niveau dangereux quel que soit le mouvement, et ce jusqu'à disparition de tous les risques
impliqués par la liaison chaussure/ski.
6.1.1.2 Le niveau de déclenchement doit être clairement indiqué au moyen d'une échelle de réglage
s'étendant à toute la plage de réglage prévue par le fabricant. Le déclenchement doit toujours être possible au
niveau de la limite supérieure (réglage maximal). L'échelle de l'indicateur doit clairement différencier les
réglages supérieurs à Z = 10 des réglages inférieurs à Z = 10.
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
6.1.1.3 Toute opération de réglage par rapport à la chaussure ayant une influence sur le fonctionnement
de la fixation doit pouvoir être vérifiée par l'utilisation d'un indicateur clair ou par tout autre moyen considéré
par l'opérateur comme étant approprié pour indiquer le réglage correct.
6.1.1.4 La fixation doit être équipée d'un frein-ski ou doit permettre l'attache simple et sûre d'une lanière
de sécurité.
6.1.1.5 La conception du frein-ski ou de la lanière de sécurité doit être choisie de manière à ne pas
occasionner, après déclenchement, un risque inutile pour le skieur.
6.1.1.6 La fixation doit avoir une conception externe qui n'entrave pas la pratique du ski ou ne présente
pas de risques inutiles de blessures lorsqu'elle est utilisée dans des conditions normales.
6.1.2 Manipulation
6.1.2.1 Instructions de montage
Le fabricant ou l'importateur doit fournir au détaillant des instructions de montage claires et compréhensibles.
Celles-ci doivent comporter au moins les indications suivantes:
a) un mode opératoire mécanique pour le réglage des valeurs de déclenchement de la fixation;
b) les recommandations sur le choix des valeurs de déclenchement appropriées pour chaque skieur;
c) les caractéristiques de semelle requises pour le bon fonctionnement de la fixation;
d) les exigences relatives à la semelle de la chaussure et préparation pour la pose d'éléments additionnels
si nécessaire;
e) la préparation et le montage de la fixation, par exemple l'utilisation d'un gabarit, la compatibilité avec le
ski, etc.;
f) les instructions de réglage nécessaires pour prendre en compte les différentes longueurs et hauteurs de
semelles de chaussure, le centrage de la semelle et les moyens de contrôle du réglage en longueur;
g) le mode de réalisation des essais de fonctionnement de base après montage;
h) une recommandation relative au réglage de la fixation au moyen d'un appareil de réglage;
i) les modes opératoires d'intervention en cas de défaut de fonctionnement pour déclenchement non
symétrique et réajustement.
6.1.2.2 Instructions d'utilisation
Chaque fixation doit être livrée avec un mode d'emploi clair et compréhensible pour le skieur. Ce mode
d'emploi doit comporter au moins les indications suivantes:
a) une mise en garde concernant les risques engendrés par une modification importante du réglage
recommandé;
b) les instructions relatives à la manière de chausser et de déchausser, de ramener la fixation dans sa
position initiale après un déclenchement et à la manière d'ouvrir la fixation après une chute dans une
position difficile;
c) des recommandations permettant d'éviter les problèmes, par exemple augmentation du niveau de
déclenchement avec le temps;
d) les instructions relatives à l'entretien, au stockage et au contrôle de la fixation;
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
e) des recommandations concernant le réglage de la fixation par un spécialiste au moyen d'un appareil de
réglage et concernant le contrôle annuel de ce réglage;
f) une mise en garde indiquant que, dans la neige profonde, le frein seul n'est pas suffisant pour éviter la
perte du ski;
g) les informations relatives aux chaussures de ski appropriées à la conception de la fixation.
6.2 Essais de déclenchement — Réglages, reproductibilité et symétrie des valeurs de
déclenchement
6.2.1 Exigences
6.2.1.1 Dispersion des valeurs
La différence entre chacune des cinq valeurs et leur moyenne ne doit pas dépasser ± 10 % de cette moyenne.
6.2.1.2 Symétrie en torsion
La différence entre la moyenne des cinq valeurs de M dans une direction et la moyenne des dix valeurs de
z
M ne doit pas dépasser ± 10 % de cette dernière moyenne.
z
6.2.1.3 Exactitude de l'échelle de réglage
La correspondance entre la valeur de déclenchement et la position de l'indicateur de l'échelle de réglage est
indiquée dans le Tableau 2.
Pour M , la tolérance est de ± 5 N⋅m pour Z = 1, puis elle croît de façon linéaire jusqu'à ± 10 N⋅m pour Z = 10.
z
Pour M , la tolérance est calculée par la prise en compte de la relation entre M et M indiquée dans le
y y z
Tableau 2.
NOTE Pour déterminer les tolérances sur M et M , utiliser les Figures D.1 et D.2.
z y
Cette exigence s'applique à chacune des valeurs moyennes des dix valeurs de M ainsi qu'à chacune des
z
valeurs moyennes des cinq valeurs de M correspondant aux réglages L , 1/3, 2/3 et L .
y 2 3
Pour le réglage maximal (limite L , c'est-à-dire en dehors de l'échelle), ces valeurs moyennes ne doivent pas
4
dépasser de plus de 20 % les valeurs moyennes correspondant à la limite L .
3
6.2.2 Essais
6.2.2.1 Échantillonnage
Effectuer l'essai sur quatre fixations choisies de manière aléatoire dans un lot de six fixations. Si les
exigences précédemment mentionnées en 6.2.1 ne sont pas satisfaites, deux des quatre fixations peuvent
être remplacées par les deux fixations restantes du lot.
6.2.2.2 Choix des réglages
Effectuer les essais à température ambiante (23 ± 5) °C, la semelle et les fixations étant sèches, pour les
réglages suivants:
⎯ limite L ;
2
⎯ à environ 1/3 de l'échelle;
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
⎯ à environ 2/3 de l'échelle;
⎯ limite L ;
3
⎯ limite L .
4
Les essais doivent être effectués avec la longueur de semelle correspondant au repère de réglage,
conformément au Tableau 2.
Tableau 2 — Échelle de réglage
Longueur de
Repère de réglage Couples de déclenchement
semelle
Z M M l
z y
N⋅m N⋅m mm
0,5 5 18 200
1 10 37 225
1,5 15 55 243
2 20 75 258
2,5 25 94 270
3 30 114 280
3,5 35 134 290
4 40 154 298
4,5 45 175 306
5 50 196 314
5,5 55 218 320
6 60 239 327
6,5 65 261 333
7 70 284 339
7,5 75 307 344
8 80 330 350
8,5 85 353 355
9 90 377 360
9,5 95 401 364
10 100 425 369
Pour chaque réglage, déclencher chacune des quatre fixations cinq fois en torsion à droite (+ M ), cinq fois en
z
torsion à gauche (− M ) et cinq fois en chute en avant (M ).
z y
6.2.2.3 Calcul des valeurs moyennes
Pour chaque réglage et chaque fixation, calculer les valeurs suivantes:
⎯ valeur moyenne des cinq valeurs de + M ;
z
⎯ valeur moyenne des cinq valeurs de − M ;
z
⎯ valeur moyenne des dix valeurs de M ;
z
⎯ valeur moyenne des cinq valeurs de M .
y
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
6.3 Évaluation de reproductibilité du déclenchement avec différentes influences
6.3.1 Séquence des essais
Effectuer les essais décrits dans le présent paragraphe dans l'ordre indiqué ci-après pour les quatre fixations
déjà utilisées pour les essais réalisés en 6.2.2.
6.3.2 Valeurs de référence
Régler les fixations de sorte qu'elles se déclenchent pour une des paires de valeurs M /M indiquées ci-
z y
dessous:
l = 250 mm pour
M = 20 N⋅m ± 2 N⋅m
z
M = 75 N⋅m ± 5 N⋅m
y
l = 305 mm pour
M = 40 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 154 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 320 mm pour
M = 60 N⋅m ± 3 N⋅m
z
M = 240 N⋅m ± 10 N⋅m
y
l = 340 mm pour
M = 80 N⋅m ± 4 N⋅m
z
M = 330 N⋅m ± 15 N⋅m
y
Utiliser la paire la plus proche de la valeur de déclenchement correspondant au milieu de la plage L /L de la
2 3
fixation.
Indiquer également la longueur l de la semelle de la chaussure. Effectuer les essais à température ambiante
(23 ± 5) °C, la semelle et les fixations étant sèches.
Déclencher chaque fixation cinq fois en torsion à droite ou en torsion à gauche (conserver la direction pour
tous les essais suivants) et cinq fois en chute en avant.
La valeur moyenne de chaque groupe de cinq valeurs de déclenchement est considérée comme valeur de
référence.
Le réglage ainsi effectué reste le même pour tous les essais qui suivent (de 6.3.3 à 6.7.2).
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
6.3.3 Déclenchement avec déflexion du ski
6.3.3.1 Exigences
La valeur moyenne des écarts entre chaque valeur de déclenchement et la valeur de référence
correspondante ne doit pas dépasser 20 % pour le déclenchement en torsion (M en cas de déflexion du ski)
z
et 15 % pour le déclenchement en chute en avant (M ).
y
Aucune des cinq valeurs du déclenchement en torsion ne doit dépasser ± 10 % de leur valeur moyenne.
Aucune des cinq valeurs du déclenchement en chute en avant ne doit dépasser ± 7,5 % de leur valeur
moyenne.
6.3.3.2 Essai
Soumettre une fixation à essai. Déclencher la fixation cinq fois en torsion à droite et cinq fois en chute en
avant. Effectuer les essais à température ambiante (23 ± 5) °C, la semelle et la fixation étant humides.
Positionner le ski d'essai et lui imposer une déflexion, la semelle étant insérée dans la fixation conformément
à la Figure 6 et dans le Tableau 3, puis forcer le ski à fléchir en fonction des valeurs données au moyen d'une
sangle ou d'une bride, qui n'interfère pas avec la fixation.
Si la distance des supports est différente, utiliser le Tableau 3.
Dimensions en millimètres
Légende
1 bout de la chaussure
Figure 6 — Déflexion du ski
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
Tableau 3 — Déflexion du ski
Dimensions en millimètres
Rayon R l f
500 6,6
600 9,5
700 13,0
800 17,0
900 21,5
1 000 26,6
4 717,5 1 100 32,2
1 200 38,3
1 300 45,0
1 400 52,2
1 500 60,0
1 600 68,3
1 700 77,2
6.3.4 Déclenchement avec charge combinée
6.3.4.1 Exigence générale relative à la dispersion
Pour un essai donné, chacune des cinq valeurs de déclenchement doit rester à ± 10 % de leur valeur
moyenne.
6.3.4.2 Conditions d'essai générales
Soumettre une fixation aux essais suivants. Effectuer ces essais à température ambiante (23 ± 5) °C, la
semelle et la fixation étant humides.
Pour chacune des configurations suivantes de charge combinée, déclencher la fixation cinq fois en torsion à
droite.
Les valeurs de l'effort additionnel sont proportionnelles à la valeur de référence, M , mesurée conformément
z
à 6.3.2.
Appliquer la charge combinée à la chaussure de ski (méthode A) sur le point de référence ou au ski
(méthode B) de manière équivalente au cours des mouvements, qui doivent rester constants en amplitude et
en direction par rapport à la chaussure de ski (méthode A) ou au ski (méthode B).
6.3.4.3 Influence du basculement du corps vers l'avant
6.3.4.3.1 Exigence
La valeur moyenne des écarts entre chaque valeur de déclenchement et la valeur de référence ne doit pas
dépasser 35 %.
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ISO 9462:2006(F)
6.3.4.3.2 Essai
Appliquer les efforts additionnels suivants:
+=M 2 M
yz
40 N
−=F M
zz
6N⋅m
où M est la valeur de référence
z
Calculer la valeur moyenne à partir des cinq mesurages.
6.3.4.4 Influence de la «charge en roulis»
6.3.4.4.1 Exigence
La valeur moyenne des écarts entre chaque valeur de déclenchement et la valeur de référence ne doit pas
dépasser 20 %.
6.3.4.4.2 Essai
Appliquer les efforts additionnels suivants:
M = 0,2 M (première configuration d'essai);
x z
M = − 0,2 M (deuxième configuration d'essai).
x z
Calculer la valeur moyenne à partir des cinq mesurages.
6.3.4.5 Influence du basculement du corps vers l'arrière
6.3.4.5.1 Exigence
La valeur moyenne des écarts entre chaque valeur de déclenchement et la valeur de référence ne doit pas
dépasser 25 %.
6.3.4.5.2 Essai
Appliquer les efforts additionnels suivants:
⎯ M = 1, 25 M
yz
40 N
⎯ F = M
zz
6N⋅m
Calculer la valeur moyenne à partir des cinq mesurages.
6.3.4.6 Influence de la force axiale
6.3.4.6.1 Exigence
La valeur moyenne des écarts entre chaque valeur de déclenchement et la valeur de référence ne doit pas
dépasser 15 %.
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