SIST EN IEC 60599:2022

Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis

This document describes how the concentrations of dissolved gases or free gases can be
interpreted to diagnose the condition of oil-filled electrical equipment in service and suggest
future action.
This document is applicable to electrical equipment filled with mineral insulating oil and
insulated with cellulosic paper or pressboard-based solid insulation. Information about specific
types of equipment such as transformers (power, instrument, industrial, railways, distribution),
reactors, bushings, switchgear and oil-filled cables is given only as an indication in the
application notes.
This document can be applied, but only with caution, to other liquid-solid insulating systems.
In any case, the indications obtained are given only as guidance with resulting action
undertaken only with proper engineering judgment.

In Betrieb befindliche, mit Mineralöl befüllte elektrische Geräte - Leitfaden zur Interpretation der Analyse gelöster und freier Gase

Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service - Lignes directrices pour l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres

IEC 60599:2022 décrit la façon dont les concentrations de gaz dissous ou de gaz libres peuvent être interprétées pour diagnostiquer l'état des matériels électriques remplis d'huile en service et pour proposer une intervention ultérieure. Le présent document s'applique aux matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale isolante et isolés par des isolants solides constitués de papier ou de carton cellulosiques. Des informations relatives aux types spécifiques de matériels tels que les transformateurs (de puissance, de mesure, industriels, ferroviaires, de distribution), les réactances, les traversées, les appareillages de connexion et les câbles à huile fluide sont données, à titre informatif seulement, dans les notes d'application. Le présent document peut être appliqué, mais uniquement avec prudence, à d'autres systèmes d'isolation liquide-solide. Dans tous les cas, les indications obtenues sont données uniquement à titre de recommandations et toute action qui en résulte n'est à entreprendre qu'après une appréciation technique convenable.

Električna oprema, polnjena z mineralnim oljem, v delovanju - Vodilo za tolmačenje rezultatov analize raztopljenih in prostih plinov

Ta dokument opisuje, kako je mogoče na podlagi koncentracije raztopljenih in prostih plinov diagnosticirati stanje električne opreme, napolnjene z oljem, v delovanju, ter podati priporočila za nadaljnje ukrepe. Ta dokument se uporablja za električno opremo, napolnjeno z mineralnim izolacijskim oljem in izolirano s celuloznim papirjem ali trdno izolacijo iz prešpanskih plošč. Informacije o določenih vrstah opreme, kot so transformatorji (močnostni, instrumentni, industrijski, železniški, distribucijski), reaktorji, skoznjiki, stikalne naprave in kabli, napolnjeni z oljem, so podane le kot navedbe v opombah za uporabo. Ta dokument je po preudarku mogoče uporabiti tudi za druge izolacijske sisteme iz tekočih/trdnih materialov. V vsakem primeru so pridobljeni podatki podani samo kot napotki, morebitni ukrepi pa naj se izvajajo samo na podlagi ustrezne inženirske presoje.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Aug-2022
• ICS: 17.220.99 - Other standards related to electricity and magnetism
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• ICS: 29.180 - Transformers. Reactors
• Technical Committee: TPD - Fluids for electrotechnical applications
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Aug-2022
• Due Date: 06-Oct-2022
• Completion Date: 25-Aug-2022
• Ref Project: EN IEC 60599:2022 - Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 60599:2016 - Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service - Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
01-september-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60599:2016
Električna oprema, polnjena z mineralnim oljem, v delovanju - Vodilo za
tolmačenje rezultatov analize raztopljenih in prostih plinov
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of
dissolved and free gases analysis
In Betrieb befindliche, mit Mineralöl befüllte elektrische Geräte - Leitfaden zur
Interpretation der Analyse gelöster und freier Gase
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service - Lignes directrices pour
l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60599:2022
ICS:
29.040.10 Izolacijska olja Insulating oils
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60599

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2022
ICS 17.220.99; 29.040.10; 29.180 Supersedes EN 60599:2016
English Version
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on
the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis
(IEC 60599:2022)
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service - In Betrieb befindliche, mit Mineralöl befüllte elektrische
Recommandations relatives à l'interprétation de l'analyse Geräte - Leitfaden zur Interpretation der Analyse gelöster
des gaz dissous et des gaz libres und freier Gase
(IEC 60599:2022) (IEC 60599:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-06-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN IEC 60599:2022 E

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
EN IEC 60599:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 10/1164/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 60599, prepared by IEC/TC 10 "Fluids for
electrotechnical applications" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 60599:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-03-29
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-06-29
document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 60599:2016 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60599:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
EN IEC 60599:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60475 - Method of sampling insulating liquids - -
IEC 60567 2011 Oil-filled electrical equipment - Sampling of EN 60567 2011
gases and analysis of free and dissolved
gases - Guidance
IEC 61198 - Mineral insulating oils - Methods for the EN 61198 -
determination of 2-furfural and related
compounds


3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
IEC 60599
®

Edition 4.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation
of dissolved and free gases analysis
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service – Recommandations
relatives à l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99; 29.040.10; 29.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3696-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
– 2 – IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
3.2.1 Chemical names and formulae . 10
3.2.2 General abbreviated terms . 10
4 Mechanisms of gas formation . 11
4.1 Decomposition of oil . 11
4.2 Decomposition of cellulosic insulation . 12
4.3 Stray gassing of oil . 12
4.4 Other sources of gas . 12
5 Identification of faults . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Dissolved gas compositions . 13
5.3 Types of faults . 13
5.4 Basic gas ratios . 13
5.5 CO /CO ratio . 15
2
5.6 O /N ratio . 15
2 2
5.7 C H /H ratio . 16
2 2 2
5.8 C hydrocarbons . 16
3
5.9 Evolution of faults . 16
5.10 Graphical representations . 16
6 Conditions for calculating ratios . 17
6.1 Examination of DGA values . 17
6.2 Uncertainty on gas ratios . 17
7 Application to free gases in gas relays . 17
8 Gas concentration levels in service . 19
8.1 Probability of failure in service . 19
8.1.1 General . 19
8.1.2 Calculation methods . 20
8.2 Typical concentration values . 20
8.2.1 General . 20
8.2.2 Calculation methods . 20
8.2.3 Choice of normality percentages . 20
8.2.4 Alarm concentration values . 20
8.3 Rates of gas increase . 21
9 Recommended method of DGA interpretation . 21
10 Report of results . 22
Annex A (informative) Equipment application notes . 24
A.1 General warning . 24
A.2 Power transformers . 24

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
A.2.1 Specific subtypes. 24
A.2.2 Typical faults . 24
A.2.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 25
A.2.4 Typical concentration values . 25
A.2.5 Typical rates of gas increase . 26
A.2.6 Specific information to be added to the DGA report . 27
A.3 Industrial and special transformers . 27
A.3.1 Specific subtypes. 27
A.3.2 Typical faults . 27
A.3.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 28
A.3.4 Typical concentration values . 28
A.4 Instrument transformers . 29
A.4.1 Specific subtypes. 29
A.4.2 Typical faults . 29
A.4.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 29
A.4.4 Typical concentration values . 30
A.5 Oil-impregnated paper bushings . 30
A.5.1 Specific subtypes. 30
A.5.2 Typical faults . 30
A.5.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 31
A.5.4 Typical concentration values . 31
A.6 Oil-filled cables . 32
A.6.1 Typical faults . 32
A.6.2 Identification of faults by DGA . 32
A.6.3 Typical concentration values . 32
A.7 Switching equipment . 33
A.7.1 Specific subtypes. 33
A.7.2 Normal operation . 33
A.7.3 Typical faults . 33
A.7.4 Identification of faults by DGA . 33
A.8 Equipment filled with non-mineral fluids . 34
Annex B (informative) Graphical representations of gas ratios . 35
Bibliography . 39

Figure 1 – Flow chart . 23
Figure B.1 – Graphical representation 1 of gas ratios . 35
Figure B.2 – Graphical representation 2 of gas ratios . 36
Figure B.3 – Graphical representation 3 of gas ratios – Duval's triangle 1 for
transformers, bushings and cables . 37
Figure B.4 – Graphical representation 4 of gas ratios – Duval's triangle 2 for OLTCs
(see A.7.2) . 38

Table 1 – DGA interpretation table . 14
Table 2 – Simplified scheme of interpretation . 14
Table 3 – Ostwald solubility coefficients for various gases in mineral insulating oils . 19
Table A.1 – Typical faults in power transformers . 25
Table A.2 – Ranges of 90 % typical gas concentration values observed in power
transformers . 26

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
– 4 – IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022
Table A.3 – Ranges of 90 % typical rates of gas increase observed in power
transformers (all types) . 26
Table A.4 – Examples of 90 % typical concentration values observed on individual

networks . 28
Table A.5 – Ranges of 90 % typical concentration values observed in WTTs . 28
Table A.6 – Typical faults in instrument transformers . 29
Table A.7 – Ranges of 90 % typical concentration values observed in instrument
transformers . 30
Table A.8 – Maximum admissible values for sealed instrument transformers. 30
Table A.9 – Typical faults in bushings . 31
Table A.10 – Simplified interpretation scheme for bushings . 31
Table A.11 – Ranges of 90 % typical concentration values in bushings . 32
Table A.12 – Ranges of 95 % typical concentration values observed on cables . 33
Table A.13 – Typical faults in switching equipment . 33

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MINERAL OIL-FILLED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
IN SERVICE – GUIDANCE ON THE INTERPRETATION
OF DISSOLVED AND FREE GASES ANALYSIS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60599 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 10: Fluids for electrotechnical
applications. It is an International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) revision of Clause A.5 on bushings, at the request of IEC subcommittee 36A, in order to
1
transfer to IEC 60599 the corresponding contents of IEC TR 61464 [1] relating to DGA in
bushings and include the new information on DGA in bushings available in CIGRE Technical
Brochure 771 (2019) [2];
___________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
– 6 – IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022
b) revision of Clause A.3 on wind turbine transformers, in order to include in IEC 60599 the
new information on DGA in wind turbine transformers available in CIGRE Technical
Brochure 771 (2019) [2].
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
10/1164/FDIS 10/1174/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Dissolved and free gas analysis (DGA) is one of the most widely used diagnostic tools for
detecting and evaluating faults in electrical equipment filled with insulating liquid. However,
interpretation of DGA results is often complex and should always be done with care, involving
experienced insulation maintenance personnel.
This document gives information for facilitating this interpretation. The first edition, published
in 1978, has served the industry well, but had its limitations, such as the absence of a diagnosis
in some cases, the absence of concentration levels and the fact that it was based mainly on
experience gained from power transformers. The second edition (2015) attempted to address
some of these shortcomings. Interpretation schemes were based on observations made after
inspection of a large number of faulty oil-filled equipment in service and concentrations levels
deduced from analyses collected worldwide.

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
– 8 – IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022
MINERAL OIL-FILLED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
IN SERVICE – GUIDANCE ON THE INTERPRETATION
OF DISSOLVED AND FREE GASES ANALYSIS



1 Scope
This document describes how the concentrations of dissolved gases or free gases can be
interpreted to diagnose the condition of oil-filled electrical equipment in service and suggest
future action.
This document is applicable to electrical equipment filled with mineral insulating oil and
insulated with cellulosic paper or pressboard-based solid insulation. Information about specific
types of equipment such as transformers (power, instrument, industrial, railways, distribution),
reactors, bushings, switchgear and oil-filled cables is given only as an indication in the
application notes.
This document can be applied, but only with caution, to other liquid-solid insulating systems.
In any case, the indications obtained are given only as guidance with resulting action
undertaken only with proper engineering judgment.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60475, Method of sampling insulating liquids
IEC 60567:2011, Oil-filled electrical equipment – Sampling of gases and analysis of free and
dissolved gases – Guidance
IEC 61198, Mineral insulating oils – Methods for the determination of 2-furfural and related
compounds
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
fault
unplanned occurrence or defect in an item which may result in one or more failures of the item
itself or of other associated equipment

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN IEC 60599:2022
IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022 – 9 –
3.1.2
non-damage fault
fault which does not involve repair or replacement action at the point of the fault
Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are self-extinguishing arcs in switching equipment or general overheating without
paper carbonization or stray gassing of oil.
3.1.3
damage fault
fault that involves repair or replacement action at the point of the fault
3.1.4
incident
event of external or internal origin, affecting equipment or the supply system and which disturbs
its normal operation
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document "incidents" are related to internal faults.
Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document typical examples of "incidents" are gas alarms, equipment
tripping or equipment leakage.
3.1.5
failure
loss of ability to perform as required
Note 1 to entry: In electrical equipment, failure will result from a damage fault or incident necessitating outage,
repair or replacement of the equipment, such as internal breakdown, rupture of tank, fire or explosion.
3.1.6
electrical fault
partial or disruptive discharge through the insulation
3.1.7
partial discharge
electric discharge that only partially bridges the insulation between conductors
Note 1 to entry: A partial discharge may occur inside the insulation or adjacent to a conductor.
Note 2 to entry: Scintillations of low energy on the surface of insulating materials are often described as partial
discharges but should rather be considered as disruptive discharges of low energy, since they are the result of local
dielectric breakdowns of high ionization density, or small arcs, according to the conventions of physics.
Note 3 to entry: For the purposes of this docume
...