SIST EN ISO 7599:2018
(Main)Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - Method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - Method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
ISO 7599:2018 specifies a method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (including aluminium-based alloys). It defines the characteristic properties of anodic oxidation coatings, lists methods of test for checking the characteristic properties, provides minimum performance requirements, and gives information on the grades of aluminium suitable for anodizing and the importance of pretreatment to ensure the required appearance or texture of the finished work.
It is not applicable to
a) non-porous anodic oxidation coatings of the barrier layer type,
b) anodic oxidation coatings produced by chromic acid or phosphoric acid anodizing,
c) anodic oxidation coatings intended merely to prepare the substrate for subsequent application of organic coatings or for the electrodeposition of metals, and
d) hard anodic oxidation coatings used mainly for engineering purposes, for which abrasion and wear resistance are the primary characteristics (see ISO 10074).
Anodisieren von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Verfahren zur Spezifizierung dekorativer und schützender anodisch erzeugter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Spezifizierung dekorativer und schützender anodisch erzeugter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (einschließlich der Legierungen auf Grundlage von Aluminium) fest. Es definiert die charakteristischen Eigenschaften anodisch erzeugter Oxidschichten, gibt Verfahren zur Über-prüfung der charakteristischen Eigenschaften an, legt Mindestleistungsanforderungen fest, stellt Informatio¬nen zur Güte des zum Anodisieren geeigneten Aluminiums bereit und geht auf die Bedeutung einer Vorbehandlung zur Sicherstellung des geforderten Aussehens bzw. der Struktur des fertigen Werkstücks ein.
Es gilt nicht für
a) porenfreie anodisch erzeugte Oxidschichten, die als Sperrschicht wirken;
b) anodisch erzeugte Oxidschichten, die durch Anodisieren mit Chrom oder Phosphorsäure erzeugt wurden;
c) anodisch erzeugte Oxidschichten, die lediglich dazu vorgesehen sind, das Grundmetall für die nachfolgende Aufbringung organischer Schichten oder für die elektrolytische Abscheidung von Metallen vorzubereiten und
d) hartanodisierte Oxidschichten, die überwiegend für technische Zwecke verwendet werden, für die Abrieb- und Verschleißfestigkeit die primären Eigenschaften sind (siehe ISO 10074).
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Méthode de spécification des caractéristiques des revêtements décoratifs et protecteurs obtenus par oxydation anodique sur aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
ISO 7599:2018 établit une méthode pour spécifier les couches anodiques décoratives et protectrices sur aluminium (y compris les alliages à base d'aluminium). Il définit les propriétés caractéristiques des couches anodiques, énumère les méthodes d'essai permettant de vérifier ces propriétés, fournit des exigences minimales de performance, renseigne sur les nuances d'aluminium aptes à l'anodisation et souligne l'importance du prétraitement dans l'obtention de l'aspect ou de l'état de surface requis de la pièce finie.
ISO 7599:2018 n'est pas applicable:
a) aux couches anodiques non poreuses du type couches-barrières;
b) aux couches anodiques produites par anodisation à l'acide chromique ou à l'acide phosphorique;
c) aux couches anodiques destinées principalement à servir de support à un autre revêtement organique ou électrolytique; et
d) aux couches anodiques dures à usage industriel privilégiant les aspects de résistance à l'usure et à l'abrasion (voir l'ISO 10074).
Anodizacija aluminija in njegovih zlitin - Metoda za specifikacijo dekorativnih in zaščitnih anodiziranih plasti na aluminiju (ISO 7599:2018)
Ta dokument določa metodo za določanje dekorativnih in zaščitnih anodno oksidiranih prevlek na aluminiju (vključno z zlitinami na osnovi aluminija). Določa značilne lastnosti anodno oksidiranih prevlek, navaja preskusne metode za preverjanje značilnih lastnosti, podaja minimalne zahteve glede učinkovitosti in navaja informacije o razredih aluminija, ki so primerni za eloksiranje, ter pomen predobdelave, ki zagotavlja zahtevan videz ali teksturo končne obdelave.
Standard se ne uporablja za:
a) neporozne anodno oksidirane prevleke na tipu zaščitnega sloja,
b) anodno oksidirane prevleke, ki nastanejo zaradi eloksiranja s kromovo kislino ali fosforno kislino,
c) anodno oksidirane prevleke, ki so namenjene zgolj pripravi podlage za poznejši nanos organskih prevlek ali za elektrodepozicijo kovin; in
d) trde anodno oksidirane prevleke, ki se uporabljajo predvsem v gradbene namene, pri čemer sta glavni lastnosti odpornost proti odrgnjenju in obrabi (glej ISO 10074).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2018
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SIST EN ISO 7599:2010
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Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - Method for specifying decorative and protective
anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
Anodisieren von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Verfahren zur Spezifizierung
dekorativer und schützender anodisch erzeugter Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO
7599:2018)
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Méthode de spécification des
caractéristiques des revêtements décoratifs et protecteurs obtenus par oxydation
anodique sur aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 7599:2018
ICS:
25.220.20 Površinska obdelava Surface treatment
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 7599
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.220.20 Supersedes EN ISO 7599:2010
English Version
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys - Method for
specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation
coatings on aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages - Anodisieren von Aluminium und
Méthode de spécification des caractéristiques des Aluminiumlegierungen - Verfahren zur Spezifizierung
revêtements décoratifs et protecteurs obtenus par dekorativer und schützender anodisch erzeugter
oxydation anodique sur aluminium (ISO 7599:2018) Oxidschichten auf Aluminium (ISO 7599:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 December 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 7599:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 7599:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 79 "Light
metals and their alloys" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium and
aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 7599:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 7599:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 7599:2018 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7599
Third edition
2018-01
Anodizing of aluminium and its
alloys — Method for specifying
decorative and protective anodic
oxidation coatings on aluminium
Anodisation de l'aluminium et de ses alliages — Méthode de
spécification des caractéristiques des revêtements décoratifs et
protecteurs obtenus par oxydation anodique sur aluminium
Reference number
ISO 7599:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
ISO 7599:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Information supplied by the customer to the anodizer . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Essential information . 2
4.3 Additional information . 3
5 Tests . 3
5.1 Sampling procedures . 3
5.2 Test specimens . 4
5.3 Acceptance tests . 4
5.4 Referee tests . 4
5.5 Production control tests . 4
6 Coating thickness . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Classification . 4
6.3 Measurement of thickness . 5
7 Quality of sealing . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Assessment of quality of hydrothermal sealing . 5
7.2.1 Referee test . 5
7.2.2 Production control tests . 6
7.3 Assessment of quality of cold sealing . 6
7.4 Assessment of quality of other sealing treatments . 6
8 Appearance and colour . 6
8.1 Visible defects . 6
8.2 Colour and surface texture . 6
8.3 Production control . 7
9 Corrosion resistance . 7
10 Abrasion (wear) resistance . 7
11 Resistance to cracking by deformation . 8
12 Fastness to light and ultraviolet radiation. 8
12.1 General . 8
12.2 Fastness to light . 8
12.3 Fastness to ultraviolet radiation . 8
13 Light reflection properties . 8
13.1 General . 8
13.2 Total reflectance . 9
13.3 Specular reflectance (high gloss) . 9
13.4 Specular gloss (medium or low gloss) .10
13.5 Diffuse reflectance .10
13.6 Image clarity .10
14 Electrical breakdown potential .10
15 Continuity of coating .10
16 Mass per unit area (surface density) of coating .10
Annex A (informative) Guide to grades of aluminium for anodizing .11
ISO 7599:2018(E)
Annex B (informative) Guidance on surface preparation .12
Annex C (normative) Interpretation of average and local thickness requirements .14
Annex D (informative) Calibration standards for eddy-current apparatus used to measure
the thickness of anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium .15
Annex E (informative) Guidance on cleaning materials for external architectural applications .19
Annex F (informative) Summary of information to be supplied by the customer to the anodizer .20
Bibliography .21
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 79, Light metals and their alloys,
Subcommittee SC 2, Organic and anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7599:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— certain terms and definitions have been deleted;
— Annex D has been revised.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7599:2018(E)
Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Method for
specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation
coatings on aluminium
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for specifying decorative and protective anodic oxidation coatings
on aluminium (including aluminium-based alloys). It defines the characteristic properties of anodic
oxidation coatings, lists methods of test for checking the characteristic properties, provides minimum
performance requirements, and gives information on the grades of aluminium suitable for anodizing
and the importance of pretreatment to ensure the required appearance or texture of the finished work.
It is not applicable to
a) non-porous anodic oxidation coatings of the barrier layer type,
b) anodic oxidation coatings produced by chromic acid or phosphoric acid anodizing,
c) anodic oxidation coatings intended merely to prepare the substrate for subsequent application of
organic coatings or for the electrodeposition of metals, and
d) hard anodic oxidation coatings used mainly for engineering purposes, for which abrasion and wear
resistance are the primary characteristics (see ISO 10074).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 2085, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Check for continuity of thin anodic oxidation coatings —
Copper sulfate test
ISO 2106, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of mass per unit area (surface density) of
anodic oxidation coatings — Gravimetric method
ISO 2128, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of thickness of anodic oxidation
coatings — Non-destructive measurement by split-beam microscope
ISO 2143, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Estimation of loss of absorptive power of anodic
oxidation coatings after sealing — Dye-spot test with prior acid treatment
ISO 2360, Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic electrically conductive base metals — Measurement
of coating thickness — Amplitude-sensitive eddy-current method
ISO 2376, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of electric breakdown potential
ISO 2931, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings
by measurement of admittance
ISO 3210, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings
by measurement of the loss of mass after immersion in acid solution(s)
ISO 7599:2018(E)
ISO 3211, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Assessment of resistance of anodic oxidation coatings to
cracking by deformation
ISO 7583, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Terms and definitions
ISO 8251, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Measurement of abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation
coatings
ISO 8993, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion —
Chart method
ISO 8994, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion —
Grid method
ISO 9220, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Scanning electron microscope method
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7583 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Information supplied by the customer to the anodizer
4.1 General
The information required from the customer by the anodizer in order to anodize the product correctly
is given in 4.2 and 4.3: 4.2 specifies information that is essential whenever a product is to be anodized;
4.3 identifies additional information required for particular product applications. A summary of the
subclause references relating to this information is given in Annex F.
NOTE Certain properties (for example, high specular reflectance) are only obtainable by the use of special
alloys, and some properties can be incompatible with others.
The customer and the anodizer can share the information about cleaning in case of external
architectural application (see Annex E).
4.2 Essential information
The following information shall be supplied by the customer to the anodizer, if necessary in consultation
with the aluminium supplier and/or anodizer:
a) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 7599;
b) the intended service use of the article to be anodized;
c) the specification of the aluminium to be anodized;
d) an indication of the significant surface(s) of the article to be anodized;
e) the surface preparation to be used on the aluminium before anodizing;
f) the anodic oxidation coating thickness class required (see 6.2);
g) whether a clear or coloured anodized finish is required;
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
h) whether the product is to be sealed or left unsealed, and if it is to be sealed, what sealing method is
to be used.
Significant surfaces as per d) above are indicated preferably by drawings or by suitably marked test
specimens; in some cases, there can be different requirements for the finish on different parts of the
significant surface(s).
The surface preparation as per e) above is indicated preferably by agreed samples; guidance on surface
preparation is given in Annex B.
NOTE Guidance on the choice of aluminium is given in Annex A.
4.3 Additional information
Additional information can be required for certain applications and, if so, shall be specified by the
customer, if necessary in consultation with the anodizer. It includes the following:
a) the type of anodizing and the colouring process to be used;
b) details of any formal sampling plans required;
c) the preferred position and maximum size of contact marks;
d) any limits of variation of final surface finish on the significant surface(s);
e) the colour of the anodized article(s) and maximum limits of colour variation (see 8.2);
f) any requirements for quality of sealing;
g) any requirements for corrosion resistance and the method of test to be used;
h) any requirements for abrasion resistance, the property to be tested and the measurements
required (i.e. wear resistance, wear resistance coefficient, wear index, mass wear index, mean
specific abrasion resistance) and the method of test to be used;
i) any requirements for resistance to cracking by deformation;
j) any requirements for fastness to light or ultraviolet radiation of coloured anodic oxidation coatings;
k) any requirements for light reflection properties, i.e. total reflectance, specular reflectance, specular
gloss, diffuse reflectance and image clarity;
l) any requirements for electric breakdown potential;
m) any requirements for the continuity of the anodic oxidation coating;
n) any requirements for the mass per unit area (surface density) of the coating.
Acceptable limits of variation of final surface finish as per d) above are identified preferably by agreed
limit samples.
Acceptable maximum limits of colour variation as per e) above are identified preferably by agreed limit
samples.
5 Tests
5.1 Sampling procedures
Sampling procedures shall be specified by the customer. Guidance on the choice of suitable sampling
procedures is given in ISO 2859-1.
ISO 7599:2018(E)
5.2 Test specimens
Wherever practicable, test specimens shall be production components. However, if by agreement
special test specimens are prepared for convenience in referee or acceptance tests, they shall be of the
same alloy as the production components and processed through the anodizing line at the same time as
the production components.
5.3 Acceptance tests
Acceptance tests shall be as specified by the customer.
5.4 Referee tests
In cases of dispute, the appropriate referee tests specified in this document shall be used.
5.5 Production control tests
Tests for production control purposes shall be at the discretion of the anodizer.
6 Coating thickness
6.1 General
Anodic oxidation coatings are designated by their thickness class. The required thickness of a coating is
of the utmost importance and shall always be specified.
6.2 Classification
Anodic oxidation coatings are graded according to the minimum allowed value of the average thickness
(minimum average thickness) in micrometres. The thickness classes are designated by the letters “AA”,
followed by the thickness grade; typical thickness classes are given in Table 1.
For anodic oxidation coatings designed to impart particular surface properties, an average thickness
higher than typical may be selected, and additional intermediate values of average thickness may
be specified if necessary, but in no case shall the minimum local thickness be less than 80 % of the
minimum average thickness. The choice of thickness class will depend on relevant national standards.
Table 1 — Typical coating thickness classes
Minimum average Minimum local
a a
Class thickness thickness
μm μm
AA 5 5,0 4
AA 10 10,0 8
AA 15 15,0 12
AA 20 20,0 16
AA 25 25,0 20
a
The interpretation of average and local thickness requirements on a test
specimen shall be in accordance with Annex C.
For certain applications, such as those where resistance to corrosion is paramount, the anodizer and
the customer may agree to specify a minimum local thickness, with no restriction as to the average
thickness.
The use of some dyestuffs necessitates the specification of class AA 20 or higher to obtain adequate dye
absorption and light fastness.
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
For anodized aluminium, the degree of protection against pitting corrosion of the aluminium increases
with an increase in coating thickness. Thus, product life time is very dependent on the coating thickness.
Specifiers should consider the full life cycle impact of the product, including the energy expenditure
associated with manufacture, in-service maintenance procedures and recycling.
6.3 Measurement of thickness
Thickness measurements shall be carried out by one or more of the following methods:
a) examination of cross-section using microscopy in accordance with ISO 1463 or ISO 9220;
b) eddy-current method in accordance with ISO 2360;
c) split-beam microscope method specified in ISO 2128.
When using method b), the measurement apparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions using calibration standards before any measuring is performed.
Calibration standards are described in Annex D.
In cases of dispute, method a) shall be the referee method.
Thickness measurements shall be made on the significant surfaces in accordance with Annex C, but no
measurements shall be made within 5 mm of the areas of anodic contact or in the immediate vicinity of
a sharp edge.
7 Quality of sealing
7.1 General
Sealing is a treatment applied to an anodic oxidation coating to reduce its porosity and absorption
capacity (as defined in ISO 7583). In many applications, anodic oxidation coatings are expected to resist
degradation by aqueous solutions. Sealing can provide that resistance. Where the retention of the initial
appearance is important, for example, in outdoor architectural applications, sealing at the surface of
the anodic oxidation coating is important. Where the anodized aluminium is expected to resist strongly
acidic or alkaline conditions over a short time period, for example, car-wash fluids, sealing throughout
the thickness of the coating can be important.
Hydrothermal sealing is very well established and quality control methods have been developed for
anodic oxidation coatings sealed using such treatments. These test methods can be appropriate where
other sealing treatments are used.
7.2 Assessment of quality of hydrothermal sealing
7.2.1 Referee test
In cases of dispute, the quality of hydrothermal sealing of anodic oxidation coatings shall be determined
by one of the test methods specified in ISO 3210. The necessity of prior acid treatment and maximum
accepted loss of mass shall be agreed between the anodizer and the customer.
The test should be carried out without prior acid treatment for internal architectural and decorative
coatings and with prior acid treatment for external architectural coatings.
These methods are surface-specific. They test the resistance of the surface of a sealed anodic oxidation
coating to attack by certain acid solutions. They are not intended to test the quality of the whole
thickness of the coating.
NOTE The maximum accepted loss of mass of anodic oxidation coatings is variously set at 30 mg/dm or
40 mg/dm .
ISO 7599:2018(E)
7.2.2 Production control tests
7.2.2.1 Admittance measurement
Where required, admittance shall be determined in accordance with ISO 2931. This method measures
electrical properties of the whole thickness of a sealed anodic oxidation coating; it is sensitive to coating
porosity.
Electrolytic colouring to produce dark colours and/or certain additives to hot-water sealing baths can
affect admittance values. In such cases, the referee method (see 7.2.1) should be used.
NOTE For the hydrothermal sealing of clear anodic oxidation coatings, the maximum accepted corrected
admittance value is variously set at 20 μS or 25 µS relative to the conventional coating thickness of 20 μm.
7.2.2.2 Estimation of loss of absorptive power of anodic oxidation coatings after sealing
Where required, loss of absorptive power of the surface of a sealed anodic oxidation coating shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 2143.
Electrolytic colouring to produce dark colours and/or certain additives to hot-water sealing baths can
affect dye absorption. In such cases, the referee method (see 7.2.1) should be used.
NOTE Sealing is normally considered to be satisfactory if dye absorption ratings of 0 to 2 on the colour scale
are obtained.
7.3 Assessment of quality of cold sealing
A two-step cold sealing treatment with a first step based on a nickel fluoride solution and a second
step of hydrothermal sealing or immersion in a nickel sulfate solution at above 60 °C may be specified.
In such a case, the test method specified in 7.2.1 may be used as the referee test and the test method
specified in 7.2.2.2 may be used as the production control test.
Other cold sealing treatments may be specified. Test methods shall be agreed by the anodizer and the
customer.
7.4 Assessment of quality of other sealing treatments
Other sealing treatments may be specified. Test methods shall be agreed by the anodizer and the
customer.
8 Appearance and colour
8.1 Visible defects
Anodized articles shall be free from visible defects on the significant surface(s) when viewed from
a distance to be agreed between the anodizer and the customer. If requested by the customer, the
position(s) and maximum size(s) of the contact mark(s) shall be agreed between the anodizer and the
customer.
Visual inspection shall be carried out under diffuse light, the source and strength of which shall be
agreed between the anodizer and the customer.
8.2 Colour and surface texture
The colour and surface texture and their tolerances shall be specified by the customer. If required for
matching purposes, the acceptable limits of variation should be defined by agreed samples (see B.2).
6 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
Anodized aluminium has the property of double reflection from the surface of oxidation layer and of
the basis metal. Therefore, when matching colour samples, they shall be held in the same plane and
viewed as near to normal as is practicable, with the direction of working (e.g. rolling, extrusions or
machining direction) always the same. A diffuse source of illumination shall be placed above and behind
the viewer.
Unless otherwise agreed, the colours shall be compared in diffuse daylight with the sun behind the
viewer. If the coloured coatings are to be used in artificial light, this lighting shall be used for colour
comparison.
The agreed colour limit samples shall be stored in a dry space in the dark.
8.3 Production control
For production control purposes, it can be convenient to use colour measuring instruments for
recording or grading colours.
9 Corrosion resistance
If it is required by the customer that the protection against corrosion of anodized aluminium be
assessed, then the acetic acid salt spray (AASS) test method or the copper-accelerated acetic acid salt
spray (CASS) test method specified in ISO 9227 shall be used. The choice of method, period of exposure
and acceptance criteria shall be agreed between the anodizer and the customer.
If required by the customer, the neutral salt spray (NSS) test according to ISO 9227 may be used.
The rating of corroded specimens shall be decided using the systems specified in ISO 8993 or ISO 8994.
AASS testing is more appropriate for assessing the corrosion resistance of anodized aluminium because
its test conditions are more similar to the natural environment than those of the CASS test. It should be
used as the referee test.
NOTE CASS testing is more effective than the AASS test for detecting defects in the anodic oxidation coating
and to produce a test result in a shorter time (8 h for AA 5 to 72 h for AA 25). It is useful as a production control test.
10 Abrasion (wear) resistance
Anodic oxidation coatings are very wear resistant. However, under aggressive conditions, they can
suffer abrasive wear or erosive wear. ISO 8251 specifies three methods:
a) abrasive-wheel wear test method;
b) abrasive jet test method;
c) falling sand abrasion method.
The abrasive-wheel wear test method assesses resistance to abrasive wear of the coating near its
surface, or of the whole coating thickness, or of any selected intermediate zone. The abrasive jet test
method and the falling sand abrasion method assess resistance to erosive wear of the whole coating
thickness. By convention, all three methods are said to assess abrasion resistance.
If specified by the customer, the abrasion resistance of the anodic oxidation coating shall be determined
using the most appropriate method selected from those given in ISO 8251. The test to be carried out
and the acceptable value for abrasion resistance shall be specified by the customer to the anodizer.
For abrasive-wheel wear tests in accordance with ISO 8251, the customer shall specify the method to
be used and the values required, such as wear resistance, wear resistance coefficient, wear index or
mass wear index, as appropriate. For abrasive jet tests in accordance with ISO 8251, the customer shall
specify the mean specific abrasion resistance or the relative mean specific abrasion resistance.
ISO 7599:2018(E)
The abrasive-wheel wear test is the preferred method but is only suitable for flat specimens; the
abrasive jet test can be used for specimens that are not flat.
NOTE Measurement of abrasion resistance of the surface of an anodic oxidation coating can give important
guidance on the performance in external architectural applications. In particular, coatings which are likely to
show chalking on external exposure can have a lower than normal abrasion resistance. In this regard, a coating
with a wear index of greater than 1,4, when measured by the abrasive-wheel wear test method given in ISO 8251
can perform unsatisfactorily.
11 Resistance to cracking by deformation
If required by the customer, the resistance to cracking by deformation of the anodic oxidation coating
shall be tested by the method specified in ISO 3211. The performance requirements shall be agreed
between the anodizer and the customer.
12 Fastness to light and ultraviolet radiation
12.1 General
For evaluating colour fastness for exterior applications, only outdoor exposure under conditions
comparable to actual service use is satisfactory. Accelerated testing is only suitable as a production
control test of coloured anodic oxidation coatings where the fastness of the specific colouring system
has already been established by outdoor exposure tests.
If required by the customer, the test method or methods to be used and the performance requirements
shall be specified by the customer to the anodizer.
The light fastness of colour anodized aluminium depends upon the method of colouring and the type of
colouring material used, and — particularly in the case of dyed anodized aluminium — only a limited
range of coloured finishes are suitable for any particular application. Advice from the anodizer should
be sought.
12.2 Fastness to light
An accelerated method of testing the light fastness of coloured anodic oxidation coatings is specified
in ISO 2135. The performance of colour anodized aluminium, when tested by this method, shall be
specified by the customer, if necessary in consultation with the anodizer.
12.3 Fastness to ultraviolet radiation
A method of testing the fastness to ultraviolet radiation of coloured anodic oxidation coatings is
specified in ISO 6581. This is a relatively severe test in comparison with other tests for fastness to light
and colour changes take place with many colour anodized finishes in very short exposure times. The
method is particularly suitable as a production control test for assessing the fastness to light of the
extremely light-resistant anodic oxidation coatings used in architecture.
The customer shall specify the performance requirement, if necessary in consultation with the anodizer.
13 Light reflection properties
13.1 General
If required by the customer, the light reflection properties of anodic oxidation coating may be carried
out as follows. The test method and performance requirements shall be agreed between the anodizer
and the customer.
8 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO 7599:2018(E)
The following characteristic properties can be measured:
a) total reflectance (or total reflectivity);
b) specular reflectance for surfaces with high gloss:
1) at 45°;
2) at 30°;
3) at 20°;
c) specular gloss for surface with medium or low gloss:
1) at 85°;
2) at 60°;
3) at 45°;
d) diffuse reflectance;
e) image clarity.
These properties can be determined using a variety of optical instruments, which differ in degree of
sophistication, cost and the type of surface for which they are designed to be used. These differences
relate to the illumination system, the angle of the incident light, the angle at which the reflected light is
measured and the geometry of the light collecting system. The properties are not, therefore, completely
independent of the instrument used for measurement.
Several methods require the provision of very flat surfaces and measurements can only be carried out
on special test specimens (see 5.2).
The customer shall inform the anodizer of the properties to be measured, as necessary, agreeing on the
instrument that is to be employed and its method of use.
Bright finishes with a high specular gloss can only be obtained by the use of special grades of aluminium
(see A.3) and cooperation with the aluminium supplier is essential.
13.2 Total reflectance
Total reflectance can be measured using the integrating sphere method given in ISO 6719.
13.3 Specular reflectance (high gloss)
The determination of the specular reflectance of bright anodized surfaces, where a high specular
reflectance is the primary characteristic, can be carried out on flat surfaces by measurement of the
following.
a) Specular reflectance at 45°, using method E as specified in ISO 7668: this method employs a low-
cost instrument of good discrimination which can be used for this one function only.
b) Specular reflectance at 30°, using the method specified in ISO 7759: the abridged goniophotometer
is a costly, sophisticated instrument, but it measures a number of optical parameters with great
accuracy.
c) Specular gloss at 20°, using method A as specified in ISO 7668: this method employs a more
sophisticated instrument than method E according to ISO 7668.
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